Journal articles: 'Opening system'

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Gaikwad, Pooja, Vaishnavi Divekar, Aditi Teke, and Snehal Sabale. "Automatic Gate Opening System." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 4 (April 11, 2024): 8176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0424.10127.

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Linhoss, Anna, Paul Mickle, and Raúl J. Osorio. "Simulating How Freshwater Diversions Impact Salinity Regimes in an Estuarine System." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2023): 2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11122349.

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The Bonnet Carré Spillway is a large flood control structure that diverts Mississippi River floodwaters into Lake Pontchartrain and the Mississippi Sound to prevent flooding in southern Louisiana and New Orleans. When operating at full capacity, the Spillway releases water at a rate of 7080 m3/s. Spillway openings regularly last a month or more. The enormous amount of freshwater that is diverted through the Spillway impacts salinity and nutrients in the Mississippi Sound. The objective of this research is to use a hydrodynamic model to simulate the impact of Bonnet Carré Spillway openings on the salinity of the Mississippi Sound over multiple years. Specifically, four hypothetical simulations of Spillway openings are compared to simulations during the same time when the Spillway is closed. The results show by how much, for how long, and where salinity is impacted in the estuarine system. The maximum difference in salinity at any given location over the mapped dates between the non-opening and hypothetical opening scenarios varies between 22 and 30 in each year. Differences in salinity between the opening and non-opening scenarios begin to decline in the study area approximately 18 days after Spillway closure. Decreases in salinity in Lake Borgne persist over a year. The Bonnet Carré Spillway affects salinity mostly in Lake Borgne and along an east/west ribbon that embraces the Mississippi coastline. Decreases in salinity caused by Spillway openings are seen up to 200 km east of the Spillway. These results are important for planning management strategies for estuarine resources during Spillway openings.

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Campbell, John C., and George Soros. "Opening the Soviet System." Foreign Affairs 70, no. 2 (1991): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20044779.

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Fineman, Martha Albertson. "Opening the Closed System." Women's Review of Books 10, no. 5 (February 1993): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4021468.

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Sathish, M., V. K. Harikrishnan, and Prof A. RamaKrishan P. Kavin. "Automatic Car Window Opening System by using Oxygen and Sound Sensor." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd10892.

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Tsutsumi, Akane, Sihwan Lee, Yoshihiro Toriumi, Takashi Kurabuchi, Yutaka Oura, and Yukiyasu Asaoka. "Development of an automatic opening system for sliding and casement windows to control the natural ventilation rate." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339602025.

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Under the influence of COVID-19, ventilation is recommended to reduce the risk of infection in the room. Window openings can increase the ventilation rate caused by indoor and outdoor temperature differences. However, there is a concern that opening the window in the air-conditioned room will increase the heating and cooling loads due to air leakage. In addition, it is difficult to maintain an adequate ventilation rate because the outdoor temperature changes from time to time. To solve this problem, we have developed an automatic opening system to control the natural ventilation rate. This system can control the adequate ventilation rate for the room by adjusting the opening area of the window automatically. In this study, the control equations for the system for sliding windows were derived, and actual measurements were taken with the system. Additionally, the flow coefficients of the casement windows were numerically analyzed. Then, the control equation for the system for casement windows was derived from the relationship between the opening angle and the flow coefficient. As a result, the ventilation rate could be controlled using an automatic opening system for the sliding windows. Also, the flow coefficient of the casement window could be approximated by a sinusoidal function of the opening angle.

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Moradi, Mohammad Javad, Mohammad Mahdi Roshani, Amirhosein Shabani, and Mahdi Kioumarsi. "Prediction of the Load-Bearing Behavior of SPSW with Rectangular Opening by RBF Network." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031185.

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As a lateral load-bearing system, the steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is utilized in different structural systems that are susceptible to seismic risk and because of functional reasons SPSWs may need openings. In this research, the effects of rectangular openings on the lateral load-bearing behavior of the steel shear walls by the finite element method (FEM) is investigated. The results of the FEM are used for the prediction of SPSW behavior using the artificial neural network (ANN). The radial basis function (RBF) network is used to model the effects of the rectangular opening in the SPSW with different plate thicknesses. The results showed that the opening leads to reduced load-bearing capacity, stiffness and absorbed energy, which can be precisely predicted by employing RBF network model. Besides, the suitable relative area of the opening is determined.

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Soebiyan, Vivien, Firza Utama Sjarifudin, and Jefry Efendi. "Study on Green Vertical Housing Using Hybrid Ventilation System Based on Air Changes per Hour Factor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.423.

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This study aims to get the openings design of the hybrid systems based on the needs of Air Changes per Hour (ACH) in a vertical housing unit. The research method is quantitative research which the variable is observed from outdoor and indoor wind speed data. Research developed by the experimental research method with CFD simulation to meet the need for air changes.From previous research, case studies obtained ellipse formed by the building mass is the most ideal form to obtain optimum conditions of wind movement.From the result of analysis in this study, requires openings of 0,29 to 1.08 m2 with different opening types, to meet the needs of 0.5 ACH under different wind speed. Opening schedule and Hybrid Ventilation system were developed to gain the ideal indoor air condition.

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Groot, Arthur, Rongzhou Man, and Jim Wood. "Spatial and temporal patterns of Populus tremuloides regeneration in small forest openings in northern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85548-4.

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The density, height and diameter of trembling aspen sucker regeneration was assessed over a 10-year period in openings created by harvesting in a 40-year-old, 19-m-tall aspen stand in northeastern Ontario. The 5 types of opening comprised: circular openings of 9-m- and 18-m-diameter, 150-m-long eastwest strips of 9-m and 18-m width, and a 1.5 ha (100 m × 150 m) clearcut. Density of aspen regeneration was significantly affected by opening type, location relative to the opening, time since harvest, and by all interactions of these factors. Aspen densities within the circular openings declined to low levels by year 10, despite considerable initial recruitment. Trembling aspen height and diameter were significantly influenced by opening type, location relative to the opening, time since harvest, and by opening × time and location × time interactions. Trembling aspen heights in the circular openings were substantially less than in the clearcut and strip openings by year 10. The results support the traditional view that aspen is best managed under the clearcut silvicultural system, and that trembling aspen regeneration following forest harvesting can be reduced by controlling the extent or intensity of overstory removal. Finally, the results suggest that disturbances that create gaps greater than 1 tree height in width in aspen or mixedwood forests may allow gap dynamics to function. Key words: trembling aspen, silviculture, boreal mixedwoods, regeneration, forest openings

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Kent, Andrew C., Khairat Bahgat Youssef El Baradie, and Mark W. Hamrick. "Targeting the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore to Prevent Age-Associated Cell Damage and Neurodegeneration." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (January 28, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6626484.

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The aging process is associated with significant alterations in mitochondrial function. These changes in mitochondrial function are thought to involve increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which over time contribute to cell death, senescence, tissue degeneration, and impaired tissue repair. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is likely to play a critical role in these processes, as increased ROS activates mPTP opening, which further increases ROS production. Injury and inflammation are also thought to increase mPTP opening, and chronic, low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of aging. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) can suppress the frequency and duration of mPTP opening; however, NAD+ levels are known to decline with age, further stimulating mPTP opening and increasing ROS release. Research on neurodegenerative diseases, particularly on Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has uncovered significant findings regarding mPTP openings and aging. Parkinson’s disease is associated with a reduction in mitochondrial complex I activity and increased oxidative damage of DNA, both of which are linked to mPTP opening and subsequent ROS release. Similarly, AD is associated with increased mPTP openings, as evidenced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) interaction with the pore regulator cyclophilin D (CypD). Targeted therapies that can reduce the frequency and duration of mPTP opening may therefore have the potential to prevent age-related declines in cell and tissue function in various systems including the central nervous system.

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Musto, M., F. Cascetta, N. Bianco, and G. Rotondo. "Saccardo nozzle ventilation system: cfd analysis to upgrade the performance of the ventilation system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2685, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2685/1/012027.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of a 3D numerical investigation carried out on a Saccardo ventilation system operating in road tunnel, with the aim to improve the Performance of the Ventilation System, Pvs. 1D mathematical model, here presented, has highlighted that the pitch angle and length of inflow opening are the main parameters that influence the Pvs. The results have shown that the pitch angle of the Saccardo nozzle, influences moderately the Pvs, instead the opening inflow lengths influence considerably the transferring of the momentum, increasing the mass flow rate. Pvs trend vs opening inflow length shows an improvement up to 47% with respect to the reference opening inflow length.

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Steadman, P. "Opening up the merit award system." BMJ 306, no. 6889 (May 22, 1993): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.306.6889.1417-c.

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Zhang, Zheng, Jian Yu, Biaohua Cai, Longzhou Xiao, and Yujing Zou. "Simulation Research on System Characteristics of Valve Opening Curve of Bidirectional Water Transfer System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2137, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2137/1/012042.

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Abstract Due to long pipelines, complex hydraulic conditions, and high flow rate, Bidirectional Water Transfer System of ship is prone to producing Water Hammer Effect when the valve opens and closes, which has a great impact on the pipeline system. In this paper, Flowmaster software is used to simulate the Bidirectional Water Transfer System to study the system characteristics under different valve opening curves. The simulation results show that when the valve opens and closes, Bidirectional Water Transfer System will have a large pressure mutation. But the pressure changes of the stepped and the stepped curve opening curves are smaller and smoother than that of the linear opening curve. But the stepped and the stepped curve opening curves can’t eliminate the pressure and flow rate mutation when the valve opens and closes; In addition, the stepped and the stepped curve opening curves can effectively improve the phenomenon of water flowing out of the reservior, and effectively avoid the phenomenon of gas flowing into the reservior.

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Mujtaba, Muhammad, Wang Cuntang, Faisal Muhammad Yasin, and Fangwei Xie. "Throttle Valve as a Heating Element in Wind Hydraulic Thermal System." Journal of Advance Research in Mechanical & Civil Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2379) 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmce.v5i2.304.

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A new energy conversion system is established which converts wind hydraulic energy directly to heat energy. For this purpose of conversion throttle valve considered as a heat generating source in the utilization ofwind energy to confine the wind energy into thermal energy. The use of throttle valve indicates to calculate the heat generation by using the simulation in Matlab and count the physical and mathematical model of the heating system. Various analyses are made on the basis of throttle valve parameters to compare the theoretical results on various values. To compute the effective results, needle valve used as a testing element in hydraulic system to change the opening of the throttle valve which estimates the heat generating capacity of the system. The opening degree and angle of the throttle valve are analyzed theoretically under the condition of constant flow rate. The effect of stiffness and other parameters on the heating system analyzed at the same time. The results show that the valve opening is responsible for the generation of the heat as more heat can be achieved in case of the small opening. Another analysis is made that the angle changed on throttle tip significantly affects the heat effect of the throttle valve. To ensure the stability of the system the stiffness of the throttle valve will be more conductive to ensuring a constant pressure across the valve port. The Matlab software is used to build a mathematical model for a proper analysis on throttle valve on various openings to check the pressure drop relationship with different parameters.

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Calvo, Francisco J., and Juan de Oña. "Opening of the European Railroad Network." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1916, no. 1 (January 2005): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191600102.

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The opening of railroad infrastructure to new transport operators in Europe has made it necessary to develop a pricing system for its use. The European Union (EU) has proposed guidelines for establishing a similar pricing system for all EU members. Nonetheless, pricing systems continue to differ substantially from one country to another. These differences reduce continuity between networks and distort the competitive conditions between countries and negatively affect domestic trade. This paper analyzes the pricing systems of eight European countries and presents several proposals for harmonizing them.

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Zhang, Yi, Pu Zhou, Qiang Zhang, and Yong Hui Xie. "Coupling Vibration Research of a Turbine Blade-Disc System with Symmetric-Acyclic Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 1112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1112.

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The blade-disc in a turbine is characterized by symmetric-acyclic opening structure on the disc body. Four different numerical models with 3-D finite element method were established in the present investigation. The wave propagation technique was employed and the modal analysis of the blade disc was performed. The modal and vibration characteristics of different models in the same rotational speeds were compared in consideration of non-linear coupling/ interactions between blade and disc. The results indicate that in the modal analysis of symmetric-acyclic blade-disc system, the openings structure has low impact on the low-order mode frequency. Thus, cyclic symmetric model without the opening structure can help to get general frequency forecast to improve the analysis efficiency.

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Tan, Xuyan, Weizhong Chen, Guojun Wu, Luyu Wang, and Jianping Yang. "A structural health monitoring system for data analysis of segment joint opening in an underwater shield tunnel." Structural Health Monitoring 19, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 1032–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921719876045.

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The opening of segment joints is considered critical for the stability analysis of a shield tunnel lining. In order to prevent tunnel disasters, an integrated framework was developed in this study based on the laboratory experiment, real-time monitoring, and statistic theory. As a case study, this presented method was employed in a typical underwater shield tunnel to prevent leakage disasters. The water pressure experiment was used to analyze the importance of joint openings for the tunnel waterproofing. Then, an automatic structural health monitoring system was installed in the study site to have real-time monitoring of segment joint opening and the variation of external load applied to the structure. Based on the monitoring data, a multiple linear regression model was developed to explain the response of joint opening to water pressure and temperature at the important positions of arch crown, spandrel, and hance of the tunnel. The multiple linear regression results were verified to be in agreement with those of the numerical simulation; they denote that (1) joint opening decreased with the rise in temperature, but increased with the rise in water pressure at arch crown and hance, and (2) the segment joint opening decreased with the rise in water pressure at spandrel. As a potential application, the developed model was applied to predict future behaviors of structure, which is vital to prevent disasters and provides a reference to underwater constructions.

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Nie, Xuefei, Shishun Zhang, Zeyu Gao, and Zhuo Zeng. "A review on the behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with fibre-reinforced polymer-strengthened web openings." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 2 (October 15, 2021): 426–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211046344.

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Web openings often need to be created in reinforced concrete (RC) beams for the passages of utility ducts and/or pipes. Such web openings reduce the cross-section area of the beam in the affected region, leading to decrease in its load-carrying capacity and stiffness. Therefore, a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-strengthening system generally needs to be applied around the web opening to ensure the safety of the weakened beam. A number of studies have been conducted by researchers all over the world to examine the behaviour of RC beams with FRP-strengthened web opening/web openings, and plenty of useful findings have been generated. This article presents a critical literature review of existing relevant research from three aspects: experimental studies, numerical studies and theoretical studies. The effect of main factors, including the size, shape, location and number of the web opening, the shape and shear span ratio of the beam, the concrete strength, the loading scheme and the FRP-strengthening scheme, on the structural performance of RC beams with FRP-strengthened web opening/web openings have been thoroughly analysed and discussed. Finally, directions for future research based on the gaps which exist in existing studies are pointed out.

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Hsieh, Long-Chang, and Tzu-Hsia Chen. "THE INNOVATIVE DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC OPENING/CLOSING GULL-WING FRAME SYSTEM BY MORPHOLOGICAL CHART ANALYSIS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 5 (December 2017): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-501.

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Gullwing vehicles, also known as "mobile stores", although belong to transportation but also belong to product marketing industry. In this paper, we focus on innovative design of opening/closing gull-wing frame system to reduce the manufacturing costs and enhance mechanical precision. By using the morphological chart analysis, many new gull-wing frames are generated. One of these designs is “Automatic opening/closing gull-wing frame with four electric power systems”. Based on the design requirements and constraints of opening/closing gull-wing frame, the driving mechanism and power system are synthesized. Finally, the prototype “automatic opening/closing gull-wing frame with four electric power systems” is carried out.

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Moreno, Inés. "Opening Hours." Dance Research Journal 46, no. 3 (December 2014): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767714000412.

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Once performance has a place in museums as a mode of exhibition, it problematizes its relationship to the event, and shifts its reception thresholds and expectations. This article offers an analysis of a number of durational exhibition formats based on the experience of temporality they offer, so as to examine how a system of temporal regimes comes into play. These projects have a duration that is dictated by the opening hours of the museum. The focus will be on the implications of this openness for the production of other modalities of spectatorship, and on the reconfiguration of institutional praxis.

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Hieu, Nguyen Trung, and Pham Xuan Dat. "Experimental study on the effectiveness of strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with opening in shear span using CFRP sheets." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (JSTCE) - HUCE 18, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.huce2024-18(1)-01.

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In reinforced concrete beams, the opening is frequently required for the passage of utility ducts and/or pipes. The presence of such web openings leads to a reduction of the strength and stiffness of the beam. To ensurethe safety of the reinforced concrete beam, a strengthening system around the opening is necessary. This paperaims to contribute to a better understanding of the shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams with openingsin the shear span, strengthened with Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The study is based on anexperimental program carried out on six beams. All beam specimens were 850 mm long with a cross-sectionof 150 × 250 mm and a shear span to beam depth ratio (a/d) of 1.48. One beam without any openings served asthe control specimen, while the remaining five beams featured circular or rectangular openings within the shearspan and with/without shear strengthening using CFRP sheets around the openings. The test results obtainedfrom this experimental program provide insights into the shear behavior of beams with openings, both with andwithout strengthening using CFRP sheets. Additionally, the potential advantages and effectiveness of employingCFRP strengthening techniques for opening strengthening are investigated and discussed.

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Mahmud, Md Sultan, Azlan Zahid, Long He, Heping Zhu, Daeun Choi, Grzegorz Krawczyk, and Paul Heinemann. "Development of an Automatic Airflow Control System for Precision Sprayers Based on Tree Canopy Density." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 6 (2022): 1225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.14972.

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HighlightsA LiDAR-guided automatic airflow control system for precision sprayers was developed.Three models were built to measure the amount of airflow required for apple trees.The study confirmed that adjusting the fan inlet could control airflow penetration into tree canopies.Results suggest that the system can reduce spray drift and off-target losses. Abstract. The airflow discharged from orchard airblast sprayers is a primary component for successfully carrying spray droplets to the target trees. Because of the variation in orchard tree canopies, control of the airflow to minimize off-target loss during spray application is essential. An automatic airflow control system for precision sprayers was developed to maximize spray droplet coverage on targets and minimize off-target loss while considering the tree canopy densities. The primary component of the system was an iris damper, which was designed as a retrofit attachment on the fan inlet of a three-point airblast intelligent sprayer. A 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor was installed at the top of the sprayer to acquire the tree canopy data. A motor was employed to control the damper opening with a micro-controller. To develop the models required for automatic airflow control, field experiments were conducted at three canopy density orchards with different cultivars (GoldRush, Gala, and Fuji). A total of 15 trees (five trees from each cultivar) were randomly selected, and five different damper openings (openings 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) were tested for each tree. Opening 1 represented the same air inlet as a traditional precision airblast sprayer, while openings 2, 3, 4, and 5 were the sequentially reduced air inlets of the sprayer. A canopy density measurement algorithm was scripted to measure the canopy point density of individual trees. Three models were built to show relationships between (1) tree canopy point densities and airflows; (2) canopy densities and damper openings; and (3) damper opening and motor steps. The combination of the two models (2 & 3) was used to assess the amount of airflow required for a specific canopy density. Field validations for medium and high-density trees showed that the system achieved adequate spray penetration at the top, middle, bottom, back-left, and back-right positions of the tree sections and reduced off-target loss at the ground and edge of next row sections using openings 4 and 2, respectively. However, the mechanical motion of the damper required 3 s to move from minimum to maximum opening, so the average canopy density was recommended to control the airflow. The overall results suggested that the automatic airflow control system could reduce spray drift and off-target losses and improve spray application efficiency in orchards. Keywords: Automation, Canopy sensing, Fan inlet, Precision spraying, Variable rate application.

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Vezeris, Dimitrios, Ioannis Karkanis, and Themistoklis Kyrgos. "AdTurtle: An Advanced Turtle Trading System." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 2 (June 8, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12020096.

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For this research, we implemented a trading system based on the Turtle rules and examined its efficiency when trading selected assets from the Forex, Metals, Commodities, Energy and Cryptocurrency Markets using historical data. Afterwards, we enhanced our Turtle-based trading system with additional conditions for opening a new position. Specifically, we added an exclusion zone based on the ATR indicator, in order to have controlled conditions for opening a new position after a stop loss signal was triggered. Thus, AdTurtle was developed, a Turtle trading system with advanced algorithms of opening and closing positions. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time this variation of the Turtle trading system has been developed and examined.

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Deighton, Holly D., Arthur Groot, Nelson Thiffault, and Mya Rice. "Twenty-six years of aspen regeneration under varying light conditions in a boreal mixedwood forest." Forestry Chronicle 97, no. 3 (September 2021): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2021-034.

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Density, height, and diameter at breast height of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) sucker regeneration were assessed over a 26-year period in openings created by harvesting in a 40-year-old aspen stand in northeastern Ontario (Canada). The opening types were 9- and 18-m diameter circles, 9- and 18- _ 150-m east-west strips, and a 100- _ 150-m clearcut, representing a range of light conditions. Density, height, and diameter at breast height of aspen regeneration were significantly affected by opening type, location relative to opening, and time since harvest. By year 26, aspen densities in circular openings declined to 0, despite high initial recruitment, and trembling aspen heights were significantly lower in the 9-m strips than in the 18-m strips or the clearcut. Year 26 aspen density, volume, and basal area increased with increasing initial light intensity, with the highest rate of increase between 80 and 100% light levels. Understory vegetation cover was largely unaffected by opening size; however, substantial understory aspen regeneration occurred in the smaller openings. Results support the traditional view that aspen is best managed under the clearcut silvicultural system, and >80% full light is recommended for adequate long-term aspen regeneration.

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BURMISTROV, Konstantin, and Nikita OSINTSEV. "A FUZZY AHP APPROACH FOR RANKING PARAMETERS AND INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT OF OPENING-UP OF AN OPENCAST SYSTEM." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 394–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2020-12-3-394-409.

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The opening-up of an opencast system is fundamental in the structure of the mining and technical system (MTS) and the efficiency of the functioning and development of the MTS as a whole depends on the quality of the assessment of its functioning. The decision-making on the reconstruction of the mining and technical system and its subsystems in modern conditions cannot be based only on the basis of a comparison of the technical and economic indicators of the options. Decisions on the development of MTS should be made on the basis of measuring and evaluating the parameters and indicators of the elements of the opening-up of an opencast system and taking into account the requirements of the sustainable development concept, i.e. taking into account the technical, economic, environmental and social aspects of the consequences of decisions taken. However, most of the existing approaches do not allow a comprehensive assessment of all elements of the opening-up of an opencast system, which able to take into account the interrelation between the indicators of the MTS elements in terms of the sustainable development concept. In this paper, we analyzed the factors of the sustainable functioning and development of the MTS and the opening-up of an opencast system, the parameters and indicators for their assessment, as well as the decision-making methods used in the practice of operating the MTS subsystems. The system of parameters and indicators for evaluating the opening-up of an opencast system has been substantiated, taking into account five groups of factors for the functioning of MTS: technical, technological, economic, social and environmental. The use of the fuzzy AHP method for ranking the parameters and indicators of the opening-up of an opencast system is proposed. The methodology and calculation example of assessment of the sustainable development of the opening-up of an opencast system using the fuzzy AHP method are presented. The results of the ranking of the parameters and indicators of the openingup of an opencast system showed that the most significant parameters are economic efficiency, the productivity of the transport complex, social efficiency and environmental efficiency, and the indicators are total income, emissions of pollutants and working conditions of personnel. Using the approach proposed in the work to assess the opening-up of an opencast system will improve: the quality of the assessment of the elements of the opening-up of an opencast system for compliance with the requirements of the sustainable development concept; the effectiveness of decision-making on the design, operational and strategic planning of the MTS development,taking into account the coordination of economic goals with goals in the field of ecology and social development.

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Yang, Kai, Tianhao Shi, Tingzhen Ming, Yongjia Wu, Yanhua Chen, Zhongyi Yu, and Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi. "Study of Internal Flow Heat Transfer Characteristics of Ejection-Permeable FADS." Energies 16, no. 11 (May 28, 2023): 4377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114377.

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A fabric air dispersion system (FADS) is a type of flexible air supply system that integrates air transmission and distribution. This innovative system has the potential to address common issues such as uneven air supply and surface condensation, which are often associated with traditional ventilation systems. Existing numerical simulation studies on fiber ducts have encountered problems with mesh generation and simulation accuracy. This work develops a simulation method based on the equivalent discounting method to overcome these challenges. The proposed method is utilized to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics inside fiber ducts while also examining the effects of various shapes and opening configurations. The findings indicate that the temperature rise inside the duct is positively correlated with flow rate, with higher temperatures resulting from faster flow speeds. The temperature rise of FADS with four rows of openings increased by 0.4 k compared to other opening methods. Additionally, the study shows that increasing the number of rows of openings in the fiber duct leads to a faster decay of flow velocity and a higher temperature rise. At the same time, increasing the number of openings in the duct slightly reduces flow velocity while slightly increasing the temperature rise. The presence of more fiber duct elbows leads to greater local resistance, which accelerates the decay of the flow velocity and increases the temperature rise. Compared to the “1”-shaped FADS, the temperature rises of the “L”-shaped and “U”-shaped systems have increased by 0.9 k and 2.9 k, respectively.

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Webster, Christopher R., and Craig G. Lorimer. "Single-tree versus group selection in hemlock-hardwood forests: are smaller openings less productive?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 591–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-003.

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The influence of opening size on gap cohort biomass was examined in uneven-aged hemlock-hardwood forests in northeastern Wisconsin by sampling 36 canopy gaps ranging from 5 to 800 m2 in area and from 3 to 55 years of age. The standing crop of whole-tree aboveground biomass per hectare was greater in multiple-tree gaps than single-tree gaps of similar age. However, biomass production approached an asymptote at fairly small opening sizes, and 400800 m2 group selection openings did not have significantly more biomass per unit area than small multiple-tree gaps (80100 m2). Similarly, mean tree dimensions, recent height growth increments, and basal area increments for most species of gap trees approached an asymptote at an opening size of approximately 100 m2. As opening size increased, yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) superseded eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) as the species with greatest relative biomass. The selection system appears to be a viable alternative to the even-aged shelterwood system in hemlock forests where browsing pressure is not excessive, but use of group selection may require additional treatments to ensure that some gaps >100 m2 are captured by hemlock.

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Lambert, Richard. "The National Foreign Language System." CALICO Journal 6, no. 4 (January 14, 2013): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v6i4.7-22.

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Marino, Viviane C. C., William N. Williams, Paul W. Wharton, Martha F. Paulk, Jeniffer C. R. Dutka-Souza, and Geralyn M. Schulz. "Immediate and Sustained Changes in Tongue Movement with an Experimental Palatal “Fistula”: A Case Study." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 42, no. 3 (May 2005): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/03-048.1.

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Objective To determine the immediate and longer-term effect(s) on tongue movement following the placement of an experimental opening through a palatal obturator (replicate of subject's prosthesis) worn by an adult male with an unrepaired cleft of the hard and soft palate. Methods Tongue movements associated with an anterior experimental opening of 20 mm2 were examined under three conditions: a control condition in which the subject wore the experimental obturator completely occluded, a condition immediately after drilling the experimental openings through the obturator, and a condition after 5 days in which the subject wore the experimental obturator with the experimental opening. An Electromagnetic Articulograph was used for obtaining tongue movements during speech. Results The findings partly revealed that the immediate introduction of a perturbation to the speech system (experimental fistula) had a temporary effect on tongue movement. After sustained perturbation (for 5 days), the system normalized (going back toward control condition's behavior). Perceptual data were consistent with kinematic tongue movement direction in most of the cases. Conclusions Although the immediate response can be interpreted as indicative of the subject's attempts to move the tongue toward the opening to compensate for air loss, the findings following a sustained perturbation indicate that with time, other physiological adjustments (such as respiratory adjustments, for example) may help reestablish the requirements of a pressure-regulating system.

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Bajraktari, Egzon. "Numerical study on the sound insulation potential of the ventilating double-leaf facades." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 5 (November 30, 2023): 3341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0481.

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Double-leaf facades can be designed to allow natural ventilation while providing adequate sound insulation. The key concept is based on the displacement of the opening in the second layer relative to the opening in the first layer, resulting in a significant improvement in sound insulation compared to a direct opening. This sound insulation can be further improved if the sound absorption in the cavity of the double facade is increased. An extensive laboratory study was conducted to investigate the impact of different variables of such a system (e.g., the size of the openings, the location of the openings, the relative displacement of the openings in the two layers, the sound absorption in the cavity, the location of the sound absorption panels, etc.) using an experimental modular double wall. Empirical prediction models have been developed to predict the sound transmission through such double leaf facades with open elements. Their prediction is validated by measured data. In this paper, we analyze different scenarios of double leaf facades in building-scale dimensions and we use empirical models to calculate their sound insulation. This offers an insight into the sound insulation properties of a potential real-building double facade.

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Cammarata, Alessandro, Rosario Sinatra, Alessio Rigano, Mattia Lombardo, and Pietro Davide Maddio. "Design of a Large Deployable Reflector Opening System." Machines 8, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8010007.

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Large Deployable Reflectors (LDR) are receiving considerable attention from aerospace government companies and researchers. In this paper, the design of the opening system of a LDR is presented. Starting from an elementary cell, a first ideal kinematic model is discussed. Then, a more complex “design model” including feasible design solutions for joints and links is developed. The final design avoids collisions between links while maintaining the original kinematic features.

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Ledford, Heidi. "Eye-opening picture of fetal immune system emerges." Nature 546, no. 7658 (June 2017): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/546335a.

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Kristjanson-Gural, David. "Opening the System: (Re)Writing Value Theory Discursively." Rethinking Marxism 23, no. 2 (April 2011): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2011.558753.

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Yang, Min-Lung, Sheng-Jin Chen, and Shun-Tyan Chen. "Innovative Central Opening Strut System for Foundation Excavation." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 132, no. 1 (January 2006): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2006)132:1(58).

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Fay, D. Q. M. "Opening address: Hardware and software in system engineering." Microprocessing and Microprogramming 30, no. 1-5 (August 1990): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(90)90207-p.

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Kim, Sung-Joo. "Politico-Economic System and Opening Policy in Laos." Korean Journal of International Relations 36, no. 1 (October 31, 1996): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14731/kjir.1996.10.36.1.207.

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Wan, Zhijian, and Min Wan. "Design of Fluid Control Valve Opening Control System." Frontiers in Sustainable Development 4, no. 2 (February 26, 2024): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/1xz5d168.

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Technical problems such as the limited control times and time of existing fluid control valves and the inability to accurately control the control opening limit the long-term economic development of deep shale gas. This design is mainly based on PID control algorithm to control the opening of fluid control valve. It has the advantages of unlimited control times, high control precision and strong reliability.

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Sari, Rini Mulyani, and Evan Nugraha. "Lean Supply Chain System in Indonesian Banking Industry." Technium Social Sciences Journal 25 (November 9, 2021): 522–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v25i1.5068.

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The goal of this research is to identify, inspect, and assess the existing system, performance, limitations encountered, and lean supply chain solutions that may be used in the banking industry’s account opening process. The qualitative exploratory analytical research approach was utilized, using a sample of state-owned banks such as Bank Mandiri, Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI), and Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). The process of developing a lean supply chain strategy include identifying problems using SIPOC and VSM tools, analyzing problems using VALSAT tools, improving processes using FMEA tools, and controlling processes using SQC tools. The system of account opening that is now in use in the banking industry is partial, the performance of the banking industry’s account opening system is not ideal, some of the issues that have arisen as a result of the banking industry’s account opening system include, among other things, an increase in the number of employees and a lack of ergonomic in the design of the teller machine, and Process Activity Mapping may be used in the banking industry as a lean supply chain strategy

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Siva, Farrell, Agustinus Purna Irawan, Agus Halim, and Didi Widya Utama. "DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF MODULAR PRODUCTION SYSTEM PICK & PLACE STATION." POROS 19, no. 1 (December 9, 2023): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v19i1.25540.

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In the industrial era 4.0 where the development of sophisticated technology, the development of technology has been increasingly rapid. The industry itself began to use this sophisticated technology with the aim of seeking maximum profit with minimum capital, so for that reason the industry began to switch to "Industrial Automation". With the aim of understanding the complicated production process, MPS (Modular Production System) is made with the aim of facilitating understanding of the related production process where the MPS to be studied is Pick & Place Station. The method to be used is an experimental method where what will be studied is the effect of flowcontrol openings on cycle time, the effect of flowcontrol openings on flowsensor data, vacuum lift force, vacuum force using the venturi principle. Where the greater the flowcontrol opening, the faster the cycle time will be with the risk of cylinder damage where the first entry group produces a slower cycle time than the cycle time produced by the second entry group. The flowcontrol opening itself also affects the data in the flowsensor where the data for average mass flowrate, average flow velocity, average volumetric flowrate, average temperature, and average pressure shown by data entry 1 is smaller than data entry 2. The vacuum lift force for entry 1 and entry 2 has the same value or there is a very small change for both the distribution station and the pick & place station. For vacuum force with the venturi principle, data entry group 1 produces a smaller force than data entry group 2.

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Yamanaka, Toshio, Mari Kuranaga, Tatsunori Maeda, and Haruto Kitakaze. "Cooling performance of Ceiling Radiant Textile Air Conditioning System with Ceiling Cassette Unit of Packaged Air Conditioner." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101082.

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The authors developed a new radiant air conditioning system named ceiling radiant textile air conditioning system with ceiling cassette unit of packaged air conditioner (PAC). The nonflammable textile is stretched under the ceiling with ceiling cassette units of PAC with a distance of around 30 cm. The aim of this study is to investigate the cooling performance of this new radiant system, so the experiments with full scale model were conducted for three system. The first system is “textile only”, the second system is “textile with guide for air return grille” and the third system is “textile with guide and opening for air return grille”. Airflow rate through textile is measured by tracer gas method. In all cases, the vertical temperature distribution is almost uniform, and the cooling effect of “textile with guide and opening for air return grille” is the largest. As for the radiant effect, two systems of “only textile” and “textile with guide for air return grille” are superior to “textile with guide and opening for air return grille”. The airflow rate trough textile is doubled when using guide, and increased by five times if the opening was provided under the guide.

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Miyajima, Daiichiro. "Seed-producing System in Salvias." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 3 (May 1996): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.3.419.

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The seed-producing system of salvias (Salvia splendens Sello) was investigated. The number of florets opening per day per plant increased with the increase in days from anthesis. Pollinators that effectively worked were small-sized insects. High pollen viability was observed on the stigmatic surface, and pollen tubes reached the ovules within 3 hours after pollination. Fertilized ovules became mature seeds within 25 days after fertilization. Pollination within 1 day after opening of florets resulted in a high percentage of seed setting. The pollen-ovule ratios indicated that salvias were facultative xenogamous. Actually, the salvias had heterostyle florets and the ability to set seeds without pollinators.

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Abhishek Dhadhich, Pallavi Choudhary, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, and Navneet Dadhich. "Assessment of Rasavaha Srotasa." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 8, no. 7 (September 1, 2023): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.7.15.

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Human body is mainly composed of three types of substances viz. Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. Although all these entities are present in body itself, but some kind of transportation system is required to carry these substances from the site of production to the site of action. For transportation mode of such body constituents, the special term 'Srotasa' is used which denotes a channel through which substances flow from one part to another part of body. Srotasa is a structural and functional unit of the body which comprises of two openings. From one opening it starts or begins the functioning and at the other opening it concludes it. Hence, for a Srotasa the two openings are connected to the body organs which are described as Srotomoola or Moola Sthana (root of Srotasa).

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Ezangina, T., S. A. Gayvoronsiy, and S. Sobol. "Modeling a Microgravity System for Ground Testing of Transformable Space Structures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012144.

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Abstract The article develops a mathematical model of a microgravity system that simulates the conditions of weightlessness during ground tests of spacecraft. The microgravity system consists of vertical and horizontal control channels, providing a link opening in a twodimensional coordinate system. The channels are two-mass electromechanical systems with elastic connections. To simulate the microgravity system, mathematical models of these channels are obtained. To check the adequacy of the obtained models in Simulink Matlab, we simulated the opening of a link of a mechanical system. As a result of modeling, the permissible indicators of the accuracy of simulating weightlessness were obtained.

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Jomaah, Muyasser M., and Diyaree J. Ghaidan. "Energy Absorption Capacity Of Layered Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beams With Openings In Web." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 3 (March 19, 2019): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091279.

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This research presents the flexural behavior on reinforced concrete beam with transverse web opening constructed from layered concrete. The layered concrete combining normal concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) are depended in present study. In the experimental program, 13 models of normal and layered reinforced concrete beams are tested under the effect of four-point loads. All beams had the same overall geometrical dimensions and main longitudinal top and bottom with internal diagonal reinforcement provided around the openings. One of the beam specimen is tested as control beam and the other specimens are divided into three groups [G1, G2, and G3] to study the effects of the following variables: effect of presence of web openings, layered system, lightweight aggregate (partially volumetric replacement of normal aggregate by thermostone) on the ultimate load, cracking load, cracking pattern and energy absorption capacity. The existing of an opening in beam specimens reduced the flexural capacity of beams with a percentage depending on the size of opening and opening number. The test data obtained from the adopted layered technique of (NEW) and (LWC) have shown that for beams constructed from two layered concrete (LWC with thermostone in the web and bottom flange of I-beam section) ultimate load is decreased about (9.3%-48.8%). It has also, the beams constructed from three-layered of concrete (LWC with thermostone in the web of I-beam section), their ultimate load is decreased about (25.6%-58.1%). On the other hand, magnitude increased of energy absorption capacity are achieved by the decreased opening size, introducing the full size opening of dimension (100×1000) mm reduces the energy absorption capacity of the RC I-section beams at least 80% compared to solid beam while the beam with opening size (100×100) mm decrease up to 16%. In the case of the layered concrete beams specimen, the real influence of lightweight concrete (LWC) type in the layered reinforced concrete is observed significantly after increasing the length of opening more than 100 mm.

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Kozarić, Ljiljana, Smilja Bursać, Martina Vojnić Purčar, Miroslav Bešević, and Žikica Tekić. "Finite Element Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics and Bending Stiffness for Cross Laminated Timber Floor Panels with and without Openings." Drvna industrija 72, no. 4 (November 24, 2021): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2037.

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The aim of this paper is to present numerical investigations of dynamic characteristics and bending stiffness for cross laminated timber floor panels with and without service openings. Five-layer panels with the outer layers oriented in the longitudinal direction of the panel have been analyzed. In order to explore the full potential of this floor system using a limited number of measurements and structural tests, models based on the finite element method have been proposed, validated against experimental results and then used to investigate the effect of opening position in the floor on main structural performance parameters. The results showed that, when the need for additional service opening appears, a slight decrease of the main structural characteristics of the cross laminated timber floor panels is achievable with an adequate geometrical position of the opening in the floor.

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Yimyam, Worawut, and Mahasak Ketcham. "The System for Driver Fatigue Monitoring Using Decision Tree via Wireless Sensor Network for Intelligent Transport System." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 10 (October 26, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i10.7507.

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Researchers propose new algorithm to monitor fatigue of driver by tracking the movements of the eyes. This can classify the opening and closing eyes by using Haar-Like Features and Region of Interest techniques. The fatique can be classified by decision tree classification. The system works in real time and sends message to the mobile phone to alert the driver via Line Application. The results showed that the program can detect face and classify opening and closing eyes accurately at 99.93 percent in which it yielded higher accuracy than other algorithms.

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Хом’як, Тетяна Валеріївна, and Інна Олександрівна Суіма. "Support system and decision-making system development at opening institution restaurant industry." Bulletin of National Technical University "KhPI". Series: System Analysis, Control and Information Technologies, no. 51 (December 26, 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0023.2017.51.10.

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Hu, Shih-Cheng, Zhe-Wei Li, Tee Lin, and Ben-Ran Fu. "Humidity Control for Front Opening Unified Pod after Opening Its Door in a Mini-Environment." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (July 15, 2018): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071149.

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Wafers are usually placed in a front opening unified pod (FOUP) while waiting in the line of manufacturing processes; a conventional way for preventing (or removing) contamination is to purge an FOUP with a gas, so as to maintain the cleanliness level. This study investigates the effect of the flow rate of clean dry air (CDA), supplied to the purge system and air curtain, on the moisture prevention performance, while opening the FOUP door in a mini-environment. An initial relative humidity (RH) in the pre-purged FOUP was approximately 0%, whereas an RH in the mini-environment was about 43%. Conventional, diffuser, and panel purge approaches were tested. The results showed that the moisture in the surroundings rapidly entered the FOUP when the door was opened, without using either the purge system or air curtain. When the CDA was then supplied to both the purge system and the air curtain, the RH values decreased significantly; the drop slope of the RH for the diffuser- and panel-purge processes was much larger than that of the conventional-purge process. In addition, the moisture prevention performance when the developed panel-purge system was used was slightly lower than when using the diffuser-purge system. However, the use of the panel-purge method could sufficiently suppress the vibration problem. In the present study, the case with CDA flow rates of 150 L/min to the air curtain and 250 L/min to the panel-purge device had the best moisture prevention performance, because of the smallest values for both the mean and maximum RH values (i.e., 1.3% and 9.5%, respectively) in the FOUP.

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Jia, Weibing, Zhengying Wei, Xiangyi Tang, Yubin Zhang, and Ao Shen. "Intelligent Control Technology and System of on-Demand Irrigation Based on Multiobjective Optimization." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (July 19, 2023): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071907.

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To solve the problem that the parameters of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) irrigation system are difficult to control accurately, an on-demand irrigation control experimental device was developed. The main input parameters of the device are the opening degree of the main pipe valve, the opening frequency of and the pump station, the opening degree of the branch pipeline valve with the different combinations of different opening degrees. Based on these input parameters, four types of experimental methods were designed, and a total of 1695 groups of experiments were designed. The results show that the different opening degree combinations of the branch electric valve cannot significantly affect the flow of the branch pipeline but also significantly affect the pressure of the main pipeline. The prediction error of the operating frequency of the pump station and the opening degree of the branch valve were regarded as the objective function. Six intelligent prediction models were constructed, which are Back Propagation (BP), support vector regression (SVR) Linear, SVR-RBF, SVR-Poly, random forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), respectively. The results show that the XGBoost is the best model among the six models. For the opening degree of three branch valves, the mean absolute error (MAE) between the predicted value and actual value is less than 3.3%, the mean square deviation (RMSE) between the predicted values and actual values is less than 4.5%, and the R2 of between the predicted values and actual values is greater than 0.990. The control models and system can meet the needs of an on-demand irrigation system.

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Zong, Xiaorui, Wenhui Yu, Guangchao Rui, Haijie Jia, and Xiang Zhang. "Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Cover System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012022.

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Abstract Up to now, although a lot of research has been done on the control algorithm of cover motion, no systematic analysis has been carried out on the trajectory planning of cover opening yet. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics of the cover in the process of cover opening, a velocity planning algorithm based on trigonometric function is proposed in this paper, which improves the poor smoothness of the acceleration curve of the traditional S-shaped feedrate planning algorithm. The simulation model of the cover system is established to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, and the results show that the algorithm is effective.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Opening system'

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