Journal articles: 'Open throat'

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Lama, Moktan Sushila. "Management of the Homicidal Cut Throat: An Open Airway Injury." Anesthesia & Clinical Care 6, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/acc-8879/100042.

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F. Mitchell, Helen, Dianna T. Kenny, Maree Ryan, and Pamela J. Davis. "Defining ‘open throat’ through content analysis of experts’ pedagogical practices." Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 28, no. 4 (October 2003): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430310018856.

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Mitchell, Helen F., and Dianna T. Kenny. "Can experts identify “open throat” technique as a perceptual phenomenon?" Musicae Scientiae 10, no. 1 (March 2006): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102986490601000103.

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Little, P., I. Williamson, G. Warner, C. Gould, M. Gantley, and A. L. Kinmonth. "Open randomised trial of prescribing strategies in managing sore throat." BMJ 314, no. 7082 (March 8, 1997): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7082.722.

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Zheng, Zhaolei, Hanyu Liu, and Xuefeng Tian. "Effects of throat area and inlet area of intake port on mixture formation of gasoline direct injection engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 5 (April 2, 2018): 1150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018762587.

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To study the effects of intake port structure parameters (inlet area and throat area) of a gasoline direct injection engine on mixture formation, a steady-flow test and transient simulation with four kinds of intake ports (named Cases 1–4) were simulated using AVL FIRE; a four-valve, four-cylinder gasoline direct injection engine with Case 1 was also operated under wide-open-throat conditions with a speed of 5500 r/min as the test basis. According to the simulation results, the flow coefficient increased with an increase in throat and decrease in inlet areas; however, a reverse change of them can improve the tumble ratio. In addition, the tumble ratio in a cylinder can be increased by reducing the throat and inlet areas. However, the concentration is not notable at high-speed wide-open-throat conditions. A larger tumble ratio and stronger turbulent kinetic energy intensity of in-cylinder flow are beneficial to form a homogeneous mixture, which ensures a better distribution of air–fuel mixture at ignition time. Moreover, larger inlet area and smaller throat area ensure less NO emissions.

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Lu, Jihong, Jing Li, Yiping Ren, Doug Stevenson, and Mark Bartlett. "An Open Label, Self-Controlled Study to Evaluate a “Fresh Clear” Formulation on Throat Symptoms in a Smoking Population." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_064.

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Abstract Objectives Smoking has been associated with several respiratory problems including cough, phlegm production, dry throat, itchy throat, and hoarse voice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a botanical extract-based blend, Fresh Clear (FC), on the respiratory system of a smoking population. FC consists of 3 of botanical extracts: broccoli seed (Brasssica oleracea), Luo Han Guo (Siraitia grovenorii), and Honeysuckle Flower Bud (Lonicera japonica). Broccoli seed is rich in Sulforaphane, which was reported to promote healthy inflammatory balance, as well as to positively impact oxidative stress and DNA-damaging substances. Both Luo-han-guo and Honeysuckle Flower Bud have been used as traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of pharyngitis, pharyngeal pain, as well as an antitussive remedy and anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent in China and East Asia. Methods This is an open-label, self-controlled study. Eighty smoking volunteers who had mild or moderate throat discomfort without respiratory diseases and other severe diseases were recruited. Volunteers were asked to consume FC at a dose of 1.45 g, 2 times/day for 8 weeks. Their symptoms of cough, phlegm production, dry throat, itchy throat, and hoarse voice were evaluated at week 0 (Baseline), week 4, and week 8 by questionnaire. Ultimately, 75 volunteers completed the study, 44 males and 31 females. Average age was 47.0 ± 10.6 years. All volunteers had smoked for over 3 years. Results We found significant amelioration of the listed throat symptoms as compared to baseline after 4- and 8- weeks FC consumption. Effective ratios at week 4 and week 8 respectively were 88% and 94% in cough, 91% and 95% in phlegm production, 90% and 90% in dry throat, 92% and 95% in itchy throat, and 94% and 89% in hoarse voice. Conclusions 8 weeks consumption of FC was shown to ameliorate smoking-induced throat symptoms in a smoking population with a smoking history of over 3 years. Funding Sources Nu Skin Enterprises.

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Nayek, Milan, Rajib Das, Subhasish Das, Prasun Dutta, and Asis Mazumdar. "Open Channel Discharge Measurement Using 0.127 Metre (5 Inch) Long-Throat Flume." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 13, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw-160014.

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Angotoeva, I. B., and M. M. Magomedova. "Analysis of the microbiota from the surface of the tonsils in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 21, no. 2 (2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2022-2-8-15.

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Due to the large number of patients with complaints of discomfort and sore throat not associated with infectious tonsillopharyngitis, the question of the role of various microorganisms in the occurrence of these complaints remains open. Objective. Analysis of the species microbial landscape of the pharyngeal surface of the palatine tonsils in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Patients and methods. The study included 120 women and 71 men with a median age of 38.0. Patients with acute tonsillopharyngitis (selection was carried out according to the Centor criteria) and patients with difficulty in nasal breathing were not included. The patients underwent oropharyngoscopy, analysis of the results of cultural inoculation from the mucous membrane of the pharyngeal surface of the palatine tonsils, assessment of complaints from the throat on the VAS (visual analogue scale). Results and discussion. It was found that most of the patients were worried about sore throat, the median quantitative assessment was 4.0, patients rated the feeling of a foreign body or lump at 3.0, difficulty in swallowing food, liquid, or tablets, at 0.0. When collecting an anamnesis, it was possible to find out that pain and discomfort in the throat bothered patients for a long time from 2 weeks to several years. Often, patients associated sore throats with general hypothermia; taking chilled drinks; with a viral infection with a chronic bacterial infection; therefore, numerous studies were carried out to detect pathogenic microflora. Conclusion. On the surface of the palatine tonsils in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), in addition to normal, opportunistic, and pathogenic microflora, representatives of the intestinal flora were found in clinically insignificant amounts of colony-forming units; in 63% of patients with LPR, caseous plugs were found in the lacunae of the palatine tonsils; patients with tonsillolitis (47%) felt bad breath themselves, which others did not notice; patients with LPR are characterized by difficulty in swallowing tablets and sore throat with an empty throat; systemic antibiotic therapy for pain with an empty throat, which was received by 98% of patients, was ineffective.

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WEN, WEN-YU. "EFFECTS OF OPEN STRING MODULI ON RACETRACK INFLATION." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 17n20 (June 28, 2008): 1589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308027989.

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In this note, we refine the racetrack inflation model constructed in Ref. 3 by including the open string modulus. This modulus encodes the embedding of our braneworld inside some Calabi-Yau throat. We argue that in generic this open string modulus dynamically runs with the inflaton field thanks to its nonlinear coupling. A full analysis becomes difficult because the scalar potential changes progressively during the inflation epoch. Nevertheless, by explicit construction we are still able to build a realistic model through appropriate choices of the initial conditions.

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He, Lei, Ruixiang Song, Jie Yang, Yubin Wu, and Yanan Wu. "Field Test Research on Environmental Noise Characteristics in the Throat Area of Metro Depot." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 1818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1960.

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Environmental noise pollution is the primary environmental problem faced by the superstructure of metro depots. The throat area of depot is prone to high wheel-rail impact noise due to the use of seam lines, multiple joints, turnouts and small radius curves. The noise exerts through fire and ventilation openings on the side walls, which may cause high annoyance to the residents in the superstructures both on the upper cover and surrounding areas. In this paper, a field test was condected on the environmental noise in the throat area of metro depot. The noise of the trackside and adjacent open space were recorded, and the time-frequency domain characteristics and statistical characteristics and attenuation law of the noise generated by train operation in the throat area were analyzed. The research results have certain guiding significance for the prediction and control of noise in the throat area of the depot.

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Harkness, Nicholas. "The Open Throat: Deceptive Sounds, Facts of Firstness, and the Interactional Emergence of Voice." Signs and Society 5, S1 (January 2017): S21—S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/690041.

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Krassovskiy, A. Ya. "THE CASE OF SYMPHYSEOTOMY." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 7, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd7139-43.

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Patient El. Isa., A bourgeois woman, 23 years old, a second child, was admitted to the obstetric institution for No. 1988 on November 17th at 2 o'clock in the morning with her throat open by three fingers, with a whole amniotic fluid.

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McNally, Damien, Adrian Shephard, and Emma Field. "Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of a Single Dose of an Amylmetacresol/2,4-dichlorobenzyl Alcohol Plus Lidocaine Lozenge or a Hexylresorcinol Lozenge for the Treatment of Acute Sore Throat Due to Upper Respiratory Tract Infection." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 2 (April 18, 2012): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j31309.

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Purpose: Sore throat is a frequent reason for seeking medical care but few prescription options are available. Lozenges are effective in delivering active ingredients to the throat. This study was conducted to determine the analgesic efficacy of two lozenges  one containing amylmetacresol (AMC)/2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (DCBA) and lidocaine and one containing hexylresorcinol  versus placebo in patients with acute sore throat due to upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Methods: This was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study. In total, 190 patients were randomised 1:1:1 to a single dose of AMC/DCBA + lidocaine, hexylresorcinol or placebo lozenge. Subjective ratings of throat soreness, difficulty swallowing, swollen throat, numbing, and sore throat relief were obtained up to 2 hours post dose. Patient and investigator global ratings and a consumer questionnaire were also collected. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in severity of throat soreness for both lozenges versus placebo at 2 hours post dose. Results: The hexylresorcinol lozenge demonstrated superiority over placebo for primary and secondary efficacy variables including those related to throat soreness, sore throat relief and difficulty swallowing; the AMC/DCBA + lidocaine lozenge was also superior to placebo for secondary endpoints at various time points but did not reach significance for the primary efficacy variable. Both lozenges had a rapid onset of action from 1–10 minutes post dose for the AMC/DCBA + lidocaine lozenge and 1–5 minutes post dose for the hexylresorcinol lozenge. Numbness was reported from 1 minute post dose with the AMC/DCBA + lidocaine lozenge and was greatest at 15 minutes. Numbness was reported from 5 minutes post dose with the hexylresorcinol lozenge and was greatest at 10 minutes. Both lozenges were well tolerated. Conclusions: Both AMC/DCBA + lidocaine and hexylresorcinol lozenges provided rapid and effective sore throat relief in patients with URTI. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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Mitchell, Helen F., and Dianna T. Kenny. "The impact of ‘open throat’ technique on vibrato rate, extent and onset in classical singing." Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 29, no. 4 (December 2004): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410001033.

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Wheatley, A. H., R. H. Temple, A. E. Camilleri, and P. H. Jones. "ENT open access clinic: an audit of a new service." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 113, no. 7 (July 1999): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100144767.

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AbstractEar, nose and throat emergencies constitute a heavy but unpredictable workload for the junior otolaryngologist. Patients are often seen in the treatment room on the ward or in the casualty department. Many patients referred as emergencies can in fact be seen the following day without detriment.This audit examined the change in treatment room workload when an open access ENT clinic was set up each weekday morning.The results demonstrate that around 75 per cent of the patients seen were suitable for waiting until the next day. The clinic was considered a success as it provided benefits for GP access, routine clinics, junior doctor teaching and concentration of aural toilet cases under expert nurse care.

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Doshi, Kartik, Ashish Varghese, and Dinesh K. Badyal. "Evaluation of Omeprazole in the Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease: A Single Center, Prospective and Randomized Study." An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 7, no. 2 (2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1186.

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ABSTRACT Aims To assess efficacy and safety of omeprazole in laryngitis due to laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). Materials and methods It was a prospective, randomized, open label study conducted in 90 patients with laryngitis due to LPRD. Group A (n = 45) received omeprazole and advice about life style modification, group B (n = 45) received only advice about life style modification. Reflux symptom index (RSI), reflux finding score (RFS), quality of life (QoL) and voice handicap index (VHI) were evaluated at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. Results P ercentage r eduction i n R SI a nd R FS w as s ignificantly higher in group A after 8 weeks (37 vs 29%, 18 vs 13% respectively). Excess throat mucus, clearing of throat and erythema of posterior larynx improved considerably in group A compared to group B. Conclusion Omeprazole could be a significant addition to life style modification in LPRD patients particularly for signs and symptoms, such as excess throat mucus, clearing of throat and erythema of posterior larynx. How to cite this article Doshi K, Varghese A, Badyal DK. Evaluation of Omeprazole in the Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease: A Single Center, Prospective and Randomized Study. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):45-50.

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Aziz, Abdul, Md Wasi Akhtar, Abdul Mannan, and Yasmeen Aziz. "Comparative therapeutic evaluation of two Unani formulations in the management of Chronic Tonsillitis." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 5-S (October 15, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i5-s.5018.

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Chronic tonsillitis is a common disease found worldwide mostly in school going children. There are many challenges in the management of chronic tonsillitis especially in refractory cases. There are many single as well compound drugs for the management of tonsillitis which are being used for a longer duration without any known side effect. A randomized open comparative study was designed to validate the efficacy of two very commonly prescribed formulations in the patients of chronic tonsillitis viz. Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari and Sharbat Toot Siyah. Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari 6 gm and Sharbat Toot Siyah 20 ml were given orally twice a day to the patients of Group A & Group B respectively for 6 weeks continuously. The data was compiled and statistically analyzed using chi square test and paired t-test. In test group A, maximum benefit was seen in Sore throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =48.81), followed by Irritation in throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =17.23), Pain in throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =17.23), dry cough (p=0.0002, χ2 =14.35) and dysphagia (p=0.0076, χ2 =7.12). In test group B, maximum benefit was observed in sore throat (p=0.0076, χ2 =7.12), followed by notable improvement in irritation in throat (p=0.0014, χ2 =10.15), and pain in throat (p=0.0098, χ2 =6.67). Although both Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari and Sharbat Toot Siyah are effective, but Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari is a better option for the management of chronic tonsillitis; as it relives most of the symptoms & signs very effectively and safely. Keywords: Chronic tonsillitis, Unani formulation, Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari, Sharbat Toot Siyah

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Mitchell, Helen F., and Dianna T. Kenny. "The effects of open throat technique on long term average spectra (LTAS) of female classical voices." Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 29, no. 3 (October 2004): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14015430410015722.

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Öwall, A., L. Ståhl, and G. Settergren. "Incidence of sore throat after intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography during open heart surgery. a double blind study." Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 6, no. 1 (February 1992): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1053-0770(92)90453-e.

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Zentika. I. Fajri, Fredi Heru Irwanto, A Miarta, and Theodorus. "The Effectiveness of Mometasone Spray and Triamcinolone Acetonide Gel in Preventing Sore Throat, Cough, and Hoarse after Intubation." Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research 2, no. 1 (December 9, 2021): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/jacr.v2i1.144.

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Background: Endotracheal intubation is a procedure performed by inserting an endotracheal tube into the airway. With endotracheal intubation, there can be several complications ranging from mild to severe. Sore throat, coughing, and hoarseness were several endotracheal intbation complications. From several studies, it was found that the incidence of POST was 21-65%. This study aimed to determine the efficacy between 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide gel and 100 mcg mometasone spray in reducing sore throat, cough, and hoarseness due to endotracheal intubation. Method: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Open-Label was carried out on patients undergoing endotracheal intubation with general anesthesia in RSMH operating room from September 2020 - November 2020. Seventy-two study subjects met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups, namely the triamcinolone acetonide gel group, and the mometasone spray group. Analyzing data was SPSS version 23. Result: There were no difference between age, sex, ASA PS classification, and length of operation between the two groups (p> 0.05). Mometasone spray 100 mcg and triamcinolone acetonide gel 0.1% had the same effectiveness to reduce endotracheal intubation such as sore throat, cough, and hoarseness within 24 hours of endotracheal intubation (p> 0.05). There was a significant difference in the incidence of sore throat between two groups in the first hour (p = 0.039). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between the efficiency of mometasone spray 100 mcg and triamcinolone acetonide gel 0.1% on a sore throat, cough, and hoarseness within 24 hours of endotracheal intubation (p > 0.05).

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Linn, TY, AA Kochhar, JY Osammor, and ME Baraka. "Ear, nose and throat emergencies at the RLI: audit analysis." Morecambe Bay Medical Journal 3, no. 7 (January 1, 2000): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48037/mbmj.v3i7.617.

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The new purpose-built ENT unit at the Royal Lancaster Infirmary (RLI) was opened in February 1996. It is currently a five-day ward, open from Monday 9am to Friday 5pm. The cover for weekends and bank holidays is provided by the Royal Preston Hospital, twenty miles south of Lancaster. The two consultant ENT surgeons at the RLI share a one in six rota with their colleagues from the Royal Preston Hospital to cover the weekends and bank holidays. The inconvenience caused to patients and their relatives aswell as the disruption of continuity of care is yet to be assessed. The emergency workload of any ENT department is from three sources: in-hospital referrals, referrals from general practitioners and accident & emergency (A&E) departments. The latter account for a large proportion of this emergency workload. The most common diagnoses necessitating referral are foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract, followed by epistaxis and some form of ear sepsis. Little work has been done, however, with regard to the ENT condition seen in the A&E unit. In our study, we looked at the referrals to the ENT departments at the RLI and the Royal Preston Hospital from the Lancaster A&E department to determine the pattern of patients' referral and their management.

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Begg, Gavin A., Bruce D. Mapstone, Ashley J. Williams, Samantha Adams, Campbell R. Davies, and Dong C. Lou. "Multivariate life-history indices of exploited coral reef fish populations used to measure the performance of no-take zones in a marine protected area." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 679–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-237.

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We investigate the use of multivariate life-history indices to assess the performance of no-take zones with respect to ameliorating the impacts of harvest on exploited coral reef fish populations in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. A range of life-history parameters were estimated for the two major target species of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) line fishery, common coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) and red throat emperor (Lethrinus miniatus), collected from five adjacent reefs (three of which were closed to all forms of fishing) in each of three geographically dispersed regions between 1995 and 1998. Life-history parameters were used to compare the status of populations on open and closed reefs over regions and years. Principal components (PC) analyses were used to effectively reduce the number of parameters to four significant PCs for each species, accounting for 84% and 94% of the total variation in the data for common coral trout and red throat emperor, respectively. We were able to clearly identify those populations that were sampled from reefs open or closed to fishing based on the multivariate descriptors of life-history parameters. The concurrent use of several life-history indices maximised our potential to differentiate changes related to no-take zones from background variation.

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R, Arun kumar, Maignana Kumar R, Duraivel M, Ahamed Basha A, Amalan Stanley V, and Ruckmani A. "A Single Centre, Prospective, Randomized, Open Labelled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Siddha Poly Herbal Formulation, Viprotm, Towards the Management of Uncomplicated Respiratory Infection." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 02 (June 30, 2021): 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2182.

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The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ViproTM, a polyherbal formulation in the management of uncomplicated respiratory infection towards reducing the severity of clinical symptoms, reducing the worsening of clinical symptoms&complications and to determine its safety by detectingadverse events. The study was started after obtaining approval from Institutional Human Ethics Committee. It was a prospective, randomized controlled study done in 60 patients. Patients having uncomplicated respiratory infections, at least for less than 5 days, with clinical symptoms and signs of fever, myalgia, rhinitis, sore throat, throat pain, cough, expectoration and head ache were enrolled and randomly allocated to one of the three groups, A, B and C. Group A received standard treatment, group B ViproTM and group C ViproTM along with the standard treatment. All the patients were followed up for a period of 7 days from starting treatment. Telephonic follow up was done daily for 7 days and physical follow up on day 0, day 4 and day 7. During physical follow up, vitals & body temperature were recorded, general and systemic examination done, adverse events were noted and improvement in constitutional symptoms was assessed. Complete blood count (CBC) and nasal / throat swab for culture were done at the baseline and at the end of study. Vipro TM has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating the clinical symptoms similar to standard treatment. With regard to safety, ViproTM is associated with a few adverse events and all of them are minor in nature and subsided within 24 hours.

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Kestelyn, Evelyne, Nguyen Thi Phuong Dung, Yen Lam Minh, Le Manh Hung, Nguyen Minh Quan, Nguyen Thanh Dung, Ngo Ngoc Quang Minh, et al. "A multi centre randomized open label trial of chloroquine for the treatment of adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vietnam." Wellcome Open Research 5 (June 12, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15936.1.

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Background: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. There is currently no vaccine to prevent COVID-19 or therapeutic agent to treat COVID-19. This clinical trial is designed to evaluate chloroquine as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of hospitalised people with COVID-19. We hypothesise that chloroquine slows viral replication in patients with COVID-19, attenuating the infection, and resulting in more rapid decline of viral load in throat/nose swabs. This viral attenuation should be associated with improved patient outcomes. Method: The study will start with a 10-patient prospective observational pilot study following the same entry and exclusion criteria as for the randomized trial and undergoing the same procedures. The main study is an open label, randomised, controlled trial with two parallel arms of standard of care (control arm) versus standard of care with 10 days of chloroquine (intervention arm) with a loading dose over the first 24 hours, followed by 300mg base orally once daily for nine days. The study will recruit patients in three sites in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, the Cu Chi Field Hospital, and the Can Gio COVID hospital. The primary endpoint is the time to viral clearance from throat/nose swab, defined as the time following randomization until the midpoint between the last positive and the first of the negative throat/nose swabs. Viral presence will be determined using RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Discussion: The results of the study will add to the evidence-based guidelines for management of COVID-19. Given the enormous experience of its use in malaria chemoprophylaxis, excellent safety and tolerability profile, and its very low cost, if proved effective then chloroquine would be a readily deployable and affordable treatment for patients with COVID-19. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04328493 31/03/2020

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Leng, Jianqiao, Mingzhen Wei, and Baojun Bai. "Impact of Polymer Rheology on Gel Treatment Performance of Horizontal Wells with Severe Channeling." SPE Journal 27, no. 02 (January 17, 2022): 1017–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209190-pa.

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Summary Gel treatment has been a cost-effective method to control the conformance of a reservoir with severe heterogeneity problems. The water channels in such reservoirs can be classified as open fractures or high permeability porous media with pore-throat network. Many simulation studies have been conducted to discuss gel treatment performance for conformance control. However, nobody considered the polymer rheology difference in open fractures and porous media in simulation. Previous simulation studies also ignored the residual resistance factor as a function of rock permeability rather than a constant parameter. In this study, a conceptual simulation model was established to simulate the linear flow system for the reservoir with horizontal wells considering the two factors mentioned above. The results demonstrate that the gel treatment always provides the better placement results in the open fracture type channel than pore-throat network type channel. Moreover, it is very necessary to consider residual resistance factor as a function of permeability, which is based on the experimental results and can provide much greater plugging efficiency in the higher permeable channels than constant residual resistance factor. Sensitivity analysis studies and multifactor analysis indicate that increasing oil viscosity and permeability ratio has a strong positive influence on conformance control results, which indicate in-situ gel treatment can be better applied in heavy or viscous oil reservoirs with fracture-like channels. Besides, the results also indicate that in reservoirs with severe channeling problem where channel velocity was high, the differences of gelant placement and profile improvement in models with two different types of channels could be enlarged greatly.

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Fesina, Mikhail, Igor Deryabin, and Gorina Larisa. "ON THE POROUS SOUND-ABSORBING PANELS WITH THE END LOW-FREQUENCY RESONANT CAVITIES." Akustika 32 (March 1, 2019): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20193210.

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Technical rooms of the construction units with noise generating technical objects inside require the use acoustic boards. To provide more effective dissipation of low-frequency sound energy, the acoustic boards made of porous sound-absorbing structures are used; and volume structural composition of these boards can contain hollow resonator elements. They can be represented as Helmholtz acoustic resonator (RIII), half wave (RII), and quarter wave (RI) acoustic resonators. Their distinctive feature is that their chamber, tube and throat parts can be made of non-air-blown sound transparent elastic membrane. Such types of modified acoustic boards are mounted on wall structures of technical rooms with set slotted air gaps between their opposite end faces; and open throat parts of acoustic resonators RIII,RII, and RI are on end faces of acoustic panels. Quoted results of experimental researches prove the effectiveness of using the offered technical method to modify acoustic boards.

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Cathcart, R. A., and J. A. Wilson. "Catarrh - the patient experience." Rhinology journal 49, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino11.055.

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Background: No study to date has looked at the symptoms of chronic catarrh as defined by the patients themselves. We looked to explore the catarrh experience through the eyes of patients using a qualitative approach. Methodology/principal: Forty-eight patients referred to Secondary Care with chronic catarrh, postnasal drip or persistent throat clearing completed an open-ended questionnaire from which a comprehensive symptom list was generated. Nineteen of these patients undertook semi-structured interviews to explore symptomatic themes relating to their catarrh using grounded theory analysis. Results: A standardised list of 38 catarrh-related symptoms was generated covering a wide topography. A common theme amongst interviewees was the frustration of being unable to expectorate mucus rather than expelling too much. Conclusions: Difficulties exist in establishing whether the extensive list of symptoms associated with catarrh is a result of differing experiences for patients or simply differing lexicon describing the same experience. Many of these symptoms are not included in the most commonly used nose/throat symptom instruments. Furthermore a distinction should be made between patients with true rhinitis who expel mucus and those who present with apparent postnasal drip or throat clearing but who cannot expectorate, whose management ought be focused more on symptom-coping strategies rather than medication or investigation.

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Salin, Janne, Pasi Ohtonen, Maria A. Andersson, and Hannu Syrjälä. "The Toxicity of Wiped Dust and Airborne Microbes in Individual Classrooms Increase the Risk of Teachers’ Work-Related Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study." Pathogens 10, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10111360.

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Background: The causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of building-related symptoms (BRS) remain open. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between teachers’ individual work-related symptoms and intrinsic in vitro toxicity in classrooms. This is a further analysis of a previously published dataset. Methods: Teachers from 15 Finnish schools in Helsinki responded to the symptom survey. The boar sperm motility inhibition assay, a sensitive indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction, was used to measure the toxicity of wiped dust and cultured microbial fallout samples collected from the teachers’ classrooms. Results: 231 teachers whose classroom toxicity data had been collected responded to the questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, smoking, and atopy showed that classroom dust intrinsic toxicity was statistically significantly associated with the following 12 symptoms reported by teachers (adjusted ORs in parentheses): nose stuffiness (4.1), runny nose (6.9), hoarseness (6.4), globus sensation (9.0), throat mucus (7.6), throat itching (4.4), shortness of breath (12.2), dry cough (4.7), wet eyes (12.7), hypersensitivity to sound (7.9), difficulty falling asleep (7.6), and increased need for sleep (7.7). Toxicity of cultured microbes was found to be associated with nine symptoms (adjusted ORs in parentheses): headache (2.3), nose stuffiness (2.2), nose dryness (2.2), mouth dryness (2.8), hoarseness (2.2), sore throat (2.8), throat mucus (2.3), eye discharge (10.2), and increased need for sleep (3.5). Conclusions: The toxicity of classroom dust and airborne microbes in boar sperm motility inhibition assay significantly increased teachers’ risk of work-related respiratory and ocular symptoms. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms of BRS are discussed.

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Diener, HC, P. Louis, R. Schellens, and F. De Beukelaar. "Treatment of Migraine Attacks with Intranasal Alniditan: An Open Study." Cephalalgia 21, no. 2 (March 2001): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2001.00182.x.

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In this open phase-II clinical tolerability trial 17 neurologists enrolled a total of 112 patients and instructed them to administer a maximum of two doses of intranasal alniditan, a 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist, for the treatment of three consecutive migraine attacks of moderate to severe intensity. A second dose of the trial medication was allowed within 1–24 h after the first administration. At 1 h after intranasal administration, 70/103 (68%) patients had responded to treatment (reduction from severe or moderate headache before treatment to mild or no headache) after their first migraine attack, 65/94 (69%) after their second and 52/75 (71%) after their third. In 187/270 (69%) of all attacks, patients were considered responders at 1 h. The median time to onset of effect was 30 min. The migraine headache recurred in 44% (attack 1), 55% (attack 2) and 44% (attack 3) after 4–5 h. Sixty-eight per cent of the patients reported nasal irritation, 19% taste disturbance and 44% throat irritation. Alniditan 2 mg, administered via the intranasal route, was effective in relieving migraine headaches in over two-thirds of the patients at 1 h.

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Kramarov, S. O., I. Yu Seriakova, and V. V. Yevtushenko. "The results of Bacillus spp. bacteria usage in the form of a spray in the treatment of acute viral tonsillopharyngitis in children." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 7(127) (November 29, 2022): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2022.127.117.

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Purpose - to determine the results of the use of bacteria of the genus Bacillus spp. in the form of a spray (Bioplasmix spray for throat) in the treatment of the children with acute tonsillopharyngitis. Materials and methods. An open, randomized, controlled, post-registration study was conducted among 60 children aged 3-17 years diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), acute tonsillopharyngitis, who were treated in the clinic of pediatric infections of the Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv. Children were divided into two groups - main and control. The control group consisted of 30 children who received treatment in accordance with the local protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, and the main group consisted of 30 children who received in addition to the protocol treatment the prophylactic and hygienic agent Bioplasmix throat spray 2-3 injections 3-4 times a day. Bacterial etiology of tonsillopharyngitis was excluded using the McIsaac diagnostic scale. The study involved children with acute viral tonsillopharyngitis, who had 0-2 points on this scale. The results of the pilot observation indicate a positive effect of the drug Bioplasmix Throat Spray on the course of acute viral tonsillopharyngitis in children. This effect was manifested by a reduction in the time of normalization of the main clinical symptoms, such as fever, sore throat and inflammation of the oropharyngeal mucosa. It should be noted that during the observation period, no adverse reactions were registered in patients who used Bioplasmix Throat Spray, which confirms the high safety profile of the drug and indicates its good tolerability. Conclusions. The use of probiotic bacteria Bacillus spp. (Bioplasmix throat spray) helps to reduce the viral load and eliminate the pathogen, destroy bacterial biofilms, antagonistically displace bacteria, in particular staphylococcus, facilitates the course of ARVI and accelerates the recovery of patients without the development of bacterial complications. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

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Nelson, E. B., J. D. Paduano, and A. H. Epstein. "Active Stabilization of Surge in an Axicentrifugal Turboshaft Engine." Journal of Turbomachinery 122, no. 3 (February 1, 1999): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1304915.

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Active stabilization of surge was implemented on an Allied Signal LTS-101 axicentrifugal gas producer, reducing the surging mass flow by 1 percent, for an operating range increase of 11 percent. Control was achieved using high-response sensors in the inlet and diffuser throat, coupled to actuators that injected air near the diffuser throat. System identification and modeling indicate that a classical surge-type eigenmode and an eigenmode associated with engine duct acoustics dominate the engine’s input–output properties. The surge eigenmode’s stability determines the open-loop surge mass flow. A robust linear controller with three inputs and one output stabilized this eigenmode without destabilizing the acoustic mode. The controller facilitated a 1 percent reduction in surging mass flow at 95 percent N1 corrected; this increases the engine’s choke to surge stable operating range by 11 percent. This paper elucidates the measured unsteady presurge behavior of the engine, and outlines a systematic procedure for surge control law development. [S0889-504X(00)01803-1]

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Hotchkiss, Karin S., and David E. Tunkel. "Effectiveness of Adenotonsillectomy in Children With Mild Symptoms of Throat Infections or Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy: Open, Randomised Controlled Trial." Pediatrics 116, Supplement 2 (August 2005): 552.2–552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0698jj.

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Staaji, Birgit K., Emma H. Akker, Maroeska M. Rovers, Gerrit Jan Hordijk, Arno W. Hoes, and Anne G. M. Schilder. "Effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in children with mild symptoms of throat infections or adenotonsillar hypertrophy: open, randomised controlled trial." Clinical Otolaryngology 30, no. 1 (February 2005): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.2005.00980.x.

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Frohna, John G. "Effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in children with mild symptoms of throat infections or adenotonsillar hypertrophy: Open, randomised controlled trial." Journal of Pediatrics 146, no. 3 (March 2005): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.006.

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Stockman, J. A. "Effectiveness of Adenotonsillectomy in Children With Mild Symptoms of Throat Infections or Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy: Open, Randomised Controlled Trial." Yearbook of Pediatrics 2006 (January 2006): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3954(07)70089-1.

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van Staaij, Birgit K., Emma H. van den Akker, Maroeska M. Rovers, Gerrit Jan Hordijk, Arno W. Hoes, and Anne G. M. Schilder. "Effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in children with mild symptoms of throat infections or adenotonsillar hypertrophy: open, randomised controlled trial." BMJ 329, no. 7467 (September 10, 2004): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38210.827917.7c.

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Fruitman, J., C. H. Parker, and L. W. Liu. "A125 ABNORMAL REFLUX IS UNCOMMON IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ISOLATED OROPHARYNGEAL SYMPTOMS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.124.

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Abstract Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is often implicated as a potential etiology for various oropharyngeal (OP) symptoms. Although ambulatory reflux monitoring has been recommended by professional societies for the assessment of OP symptoms, it is unclear if objective measures of acid exposure in the esophagus correlate with the presence of these OP symptoms. Aims The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal 24-hour pH monitoring in patients presenting with various OP symptoms in our motility unit. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients referred for 24-hour pH monitoring for the evaluation of OP symptoms to the open-access Clinical Motility Unit at the University Health Network between January 1, 2008 and June 1, 2019. Seven symptom categories were examined including cough, globus, throat discomfort, voice change, dental erosion, altered taste, and sensation of phlegm in the throat. The results of the 24-hour pH monitoring were collected. A test was considered abnormal if while off anti-secretory therapy the overall acid exposure (pH < 4) in the distal esophagus was greater than 4.2% of the total time or if while on anti-secretory therapy the overall acid exposure in the esophagus was greater than 1.2% of the time. Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the data. Results 384 patients were included in the final analysis. 167 patients (43.5%) presented with cough, 63 (16.4%) with globus, 86 (22.4%) with throat discomfort, 19 (5.9%) with voice changes, 13 (3.4%) with dental erosion, 17 (4.4%) with altered taste and 19 (4.9%) with sensation of phlegm in the throat. Overall, 19.5% of patients presenting with oropharyngeal symptoms had abnormal 24-hour pH monitoring. Abnormal 24-hr pH monitoring was present in 24.6% of those with cough, 15.9% of those with globus, 16.3% of those with throat discomfort, 21.1% of those with voice changes, 23.1% of those with dental erosion, 5.9% of those with altered taste and 10.5% of those with sensation of phlegm in the throat. Conclusions This study demonstrates that only a small proportion of patients with OP symptoms have abnormal gastroesophageal acid reflux based on objective 24-hour pH monitoring. Given these findings, future studies to examine the factors that predict having abnormal 24-hour pH monitoring in patients presenting with OP symptoms will help guide resource management of motility testing to determine which patients would benefit most from this type of evaluation. Funding Agencies None

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Huang, Sunny C., Thomas K. Pak, Cameron P. Graber, Charles C. Searby, Guanghao Liu, Jennifer Marcy, Alexandra K. Yaszemski, et al. "An open source and convenient method for the wide-spread testing of COVID-19 using deep throat sputum samples." PeerJ 10 (May 10, 2022): e13277. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13277.

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Importance The rise of novel, more infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants has made clear the need to rapidly deploy large-scale testing for COVID-19 to protect public health. However, testing remains limited due to shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), naso- and oropharyngeal swabs, and healthcare workers. Simple test methods are needed to enhance COVID-19 screening. Here, we describe a simple, and inexpensive spit-test for COVID-19 screening called Patient Self-Collection of Sample-CoV2 (PSCS-CoV2). Objective To evaluate an affordable and convenient test for COVID-19. Methods The collection method relies on deep throat sputum (DTS) self-collected by the subject without the use of swabs, and was hence termed the Self-Collection of Sample for SARS-CoV-2 (abbreviated PSCS-CoV2). We used a phenol-chloroform extraction method for the viral RNA. We then tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers against at least two coding regions of the viral nucleocapsid protein (N1 and N2 or E) of SARS-CoV-2. We evaluted the sensitivity and specificity of our protocol. In addition we assess the limit of detection, and efficacy of our Viral Inactivating Solution. We also evaluated our protocol, and pooling strategy from volunteers on a local college campus. Results We show that the PSCS-CoV2 method accurately identified 42 confirmed COVID-19 positives, which were confirmed through the nasopharyngeal swabbing method of an FDA approved testing facility. For samples negative for COVID-19, we show that the cycle threshold for N1, N2, and RP are similar between the PSCS-CoV2 and nasopharynx swab collection method (n = 30). We found a sensitivity of 100% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 92-100) and specifity of 100% (95% CI, 89-100) for our PSCS-CoV2 method. We determined our protocol has a limit of detection of 1/10,000 for DTS from a COVID-19 patient. In addition, we show field data of the PSCS-CoV2 method on a college campus. Ten of the twelve volunteers (N1 < 30) that we tested as positive were subsequently tested positive by an independent laboratory. Finally, we show proof of concept of a pooling strategy to test for COVID-19, and recommend pool sizes of four if the positivity rate is less than 15%. Conclusion and Relevance We developed a DTS-based protocol for COVID-19 testing with high sensitivity and specificity. This protocol can be used by non-debilitated adults without the assistance of another adult, or by non-debilitated children with the assistance of a parent or guardian. We also discuss pooling strategies based on estimated positivity rates to help conserve resources, time, and increase throughput. The PSCS-CoV2 method can be a key component of community-wide efforts to slow the spread of COVID-19.

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Seet, Raymond Chee Seong, Amy May Lin Quek, Delicia Shu Qin Ooi, Sharmila Sengupta, Satish Ramapatna Lakshminarasappa, Chieh Yang Koo, Jimmy Bok Yan So, et al. "Positive impact of oral hydroxychloroquine and povidone-iodine throat spray for COVID-19 prophylaxis: An open-label randomized trial." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 106 (May 2021): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.035.

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Gould, Glenice. "A history of The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital 1874–1982." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 22 (April 1998): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100142975.

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PrefaceThis history of the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital at Gray's Inn Road formed the core of a thesis submitted to the Open University for a Doctorate of Philosophy and is not an official history. I was encouraged to give it wider circulation particularly by Sir Donald Harrison and Mr Edward Donald. The Special Trustees of the Hospital have most generously sponsored this supplement which I hope will serve to provide some interest to those who have worked at Gray's Inn Road. I must begin with an apology as it does not attempt to record the achievements of all the staff at the RNTNE and many eminent contributors to the success of the Hospital have been omitted either through my own ignorance or through lack of space to cover all areas of the Hospital's development. I have been fortunate in obtaining both written and oral historical memoirs from retired doctors, nurses, administrators and technicians who worked for many years at Gray' Inn Road. I would like particularly to thank Peter Zwarts, librarian of the Institute of Laryngology and Otology, and the librarians at the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine and the Guildhall. I would like to thank Andrew Gardner of the ILO for a number of the illustrations. In particular I would like to thank my OU supervisor, Dr Noel Coley, for his patience and encouragement.

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Gomes, Genara Brum, Raquel Gonçalves Vieira-Andrade, Raulison Vieira de Sousa, Ramon Targino Firmino, Saul Martins Paiva, Leandro Silva Marques, and Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia. "Association between oronasopharyngeal abnormalities and malocclusion in Northeastern Brazilian preschoolers." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 21, no. 3 (June 2016): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.3.039-045.oar.

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Abstract Objective: Evidence is contradictory regarding the association between oronasopharyngeal abnormalities and malocclusion. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between oronasopharyngeal abnormalities and malocclusion (anterior open bite and posterior crossbite) in preschoolers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 732 preschoolers aged 3-5 years old selected randomly from private and public preschools. Anterior open bite (AOB) and posterior crossbite (PC) were evaluated through a clinical exam. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic indicators and oronasopharyngeal issues. Statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis and Poisson regression (p < 0.05). Results: The prevalences of AOB and PC were 21.0% and 11.6%, respectively. Being three years old (PR = 1.244; 95% CI = 1.110-1.394; p < 0.001), being four years old (PR = 1.144; 95% CI = 1.110 - 1.394; p = 0.015), absence of allergy (PR = 1.158; 95% CI = 1.057 - 1.269; p = 0.002), not having undergone nose surgery (PR = 1.152; 95% CI = 1.041 - 1.275; p = 0.006) and having a sore throat more than five times in the same year (PR = 1.118; 95% CI = 1.011 - 1.237; p = 0.030) were significantly associated with AOB. The absence of asthma (PR = 1.082; 95% CI = 1.012 - 1.156; p = 0.020), not having undergone throat surgery (PR = 1.112; 95% CI = 1.068 - 1.158; p < 0.001) and not having undergone nose surgery (PR = 1.114; 95% CI = 1.069 - 1.160; p < 0.001) remained associated with PC. Conclusion: Significant associations were found between oronasopharyngeal-reported abnormalities and the presence of AOB and PC in preschoolers.

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VERDÚ, M. E., P. COLL, J. A. VÁZQUEZ, F. MARCH, D. FONTANALS, S. BERRÓN, I. PONS, D. VAN ESSO, and G. PRATS. "Association between asymptomatic carriage and sporadic (endemic) meningococcal disease in an open community." Epidemiology and Infection 127, no. 2 (October 2001): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880100591x.

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We analysed a strain collection representative of the overall Neisseria meningitidis population circulating in an open community (46000 inhabitants, Spain) during an endemic period (30 isolates from patients and 191 from throat cultures of healthy individuals) by both phenotypic and molecular techniques. Almost all patient isolates were assigned to three hyper-virulent lineages (ET-5 complex, ET-37 complex and cluster A4) by both multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In contrast, MEE and PFGE assigned 20% and 15% respectively of carrier isolates to the hyper-virulent clones (4% for both methods together). There was also a higher correlation between PFGE and phenotypes associated with virulent clones. These notable differences between the two molecular methods were further observed in more than half the carrier isolates, suggesting that the associations between these strains were distorted by recombination events. However, almost one-third of total endemic strains from symptom-free carriers and almost all patient strains belonged to clones defined by MEE and PFGE, with no known epidemiological connection. These data indicate low transmission and a weak clonal structure for N. meningitidis.

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Kouremenos, D. A., C. D. Rakopoulos, and D. Hountalas. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Indirect Injection Diesel Engines by Two-Zone Modeling of Combustion." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906468.

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This work presents a thermodynamic analysis of a naturally aspirated, four-stroke, diesel engine with a swirl prechamber, under firing conditions during the open and closed part of the cycle. For calculating the heat exchange between gas and walls in both the main chamber and (swirl) prechamber, the relevant characteristic velocities and lengths are calculated by setting up a zero-dimensional energy cascade turbulence model. One-dimensional, quasi-steady, compressible flow with heat transfer inside the throat passageway connecting the two chambers is used. Combustion in both the main chamber and the swirl prechamber is attacked by proposing a two-zone combustion model, and following the movement of the spray plume inside an air solid body rotation environment in the prechamber and its later progression into the main chamber through the connecting throat. To validate the analysis, an extensive experimental investigation is undertaken at the laboratory of the authors on a flexible Ricardo, single-cylinder, swirl chamber diesel engine, and evaluating its performance in a wide range of operating conditions. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical results obtained from the computer program implementing the analysis.

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MEEGASKUMBURA, MADHAVA, and KELUM MANAMENDRA-ARACHCHI. "Two new species of shrub frogs (Rhacophoridae: Pseudophilautus) from Sri Lanka." Zootaxa 2747, no. 1 (January 24, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2747.1.1.

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Two new species of Sri Lankan shrub frogs of the genus Pseudophilautus are described. These species are diagnosed from their congeners on the basis of morphology, morphometrics and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Pseudophilautus schneideri, new species, is distinguished from all Sri Lankan Pseudophilautus by its small size (< 22.8 mm SVL), distinct tympanum and supratympanic fold, sharp canthal edges, granular throat, chest and belly, and absence or presence of a vomerine ridge. Pseudophilautus hankeni, new species, is distinguished by its diminutive size (< 21.9 mm SVL), distinct tympanum, rounded canthal edges, tuberculated outer edge of lower arm, tuberculated dermal fold on outer edge of foot, granular throat, chest and belly, and the absence of a vomerine ridge. Pseudophilautus schneideri inhabits shrubs in open areas of the low to mid-elevations of the island’s south-western ‘wet zone’ (rainfall > 2,000 mm•yr -1 ), including anthropogenic habitats, while P. hankeni is found on shrubs in the understorey of montane forests of the highest peaks (c. 1,200– 1,600 m elevation) of the Knuckles region. These descriptions bring the total number of valid species of Sri Lankan Pseudophilautus to 67, 48 of which are extant.

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Pinnock, M., A. S. Rodger, K. B. Baker, G. Lu, and M. Hairston. "Conjugate observations of the day-side reconnection electric field: A GEM boundary layer campaign." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 4 (April 30, 1999): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0443-4.

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Abstract. Data from HF-radars are used to make the first simultaneous conjugate measurements of the day-side reconnection electric field. A period of 4 h around local magnetic noon are studied during a geospace environment modeling (GEM) boundary layer campaign. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was southward whilst the eastward component (By) was variable. The flow patterns derived from the radar data show the expected conjugate asymmetries associated with IMF |By| > 0. High-time resolution data (50 and 100 s) enable the flow of plasma across the open/closed field line boundary (the separatrix) to be studied in greater detail than in previous work. The latitude of the separatrix follows the same general trend in both hemispheres but shows a hemispherical difference of 4°, with the summer cusp at higher latitude, as expected from dipole tilt considerations. However, the short-time scale motion of the separatrix cannot be satisfactorily resolved within the best resolution (300 m s-1) of the experiment. The orientation of the separatrix with respect to magnetic latitude is found to follow the same trend in both hemispheres and qualitatively fits that predicted by a model auroral oval. It shows no correlation with IMF By. However, the degree of tilt in the Northern (summer) Hemisphere is found to be significantly greater than that given by the model oval. The convection pattern data show that the meridian at which throat flow occurs is different in the two hemispheres and is controlled by IMF By, in agreement with empirically derived convection patterns and theoretical models. The day-side reconnection electric field values are largest when the radar's meridian is in the throat flow or early afternoon flow regions. In the morning or afternoon convection cells, the reconnection electric field tends to zero away from the throat flow region. The reconnection electric field observed in the throat flow region is bursty in nature.Key words. Ionosphere (plasma convection; polar ionosphere) · Magnetospheric physics (magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions)

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Siewert, Stefan, Eric Bohne, Swen Grossmann, Wolfram Schmidt, Niels Grabow, Thomas Stahnke, Rudolf Guthoff, Michael Stiehm, and Klaus-Peter Schmitz. "Femtosecond laser manufacturing technology for microstents as innovative medical devices to treat open-angle glaucoma." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-1151.

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Abstract The increasing trend of minimally invasive therapy methods for widespread diseases in the cardiovascular system, in the field of ophthalmology, ear, nose, and throat medicine, or gynecology, leads to an extensive demand for innovative microdevice manufacturing technologies. Femtosecond (fs)-laser technology offers a wide range of applications in the field of cutting, milling, and surface structuring on the micro- and nanometer scale. Ophthalmic devices for glaucoma therapy have dimensions in the submillimeter range. Irrespective of this, there are high demands on the safety and efficacy of these implants. Within the current study, fs-laser-based manufacturing technologies for functional elements of a novel microstent for glaucoma therapy were developed, considering potential industrial scalability. We successfully developed a mounting mechanism for quick and reproducible manufacturing of a micromechanical valve mechanism for safe regulation of intraocular pressure. Furthermore, we successfully developed a fs-laser-based process for manufacturing grooves as part of a fixation mechanism for a stable device positioning inside the eye. The results show that fs-laser manufacturing represents a promising technology for manufacturers of medical microdevices, such as ophthalmic microstents.

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DEEPAK, V., FRANK TILLACK, NILADRI B. KAR, VIVEK SARKAR, and PRATYUSH P. MOHAPATRA. "A new species of Sitana (Squamata: Agamidae) from the Deccan Peninsula Biogeographic Zone of India." Zootaxa 4948, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.6.

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We describe a new species of fan-throated lizard of the genus Sitana from the Deccan peninsula of India. The new species is from the Sitana sivalensis clade and can be readily diagnosed morphologically from S. sivalensis, S. fusca and S. schleichi by having the dewlap extending beyond forearm insertion. The new species differs from all other congeners in the combination of morphological characters such as a feebly serrated dewlap with a dark blue line on the throat in adult males (versus a well serrated dewlap with a bright blue patch and orange spots in S. ponticeriana complex), small body size (versus a large body size in S. gokakensis and S. thondalu) and a relatively smaller dewlap size (relatively larger in S. laticeps, S. spinaecephalus, S. dharwarensis, S. gokakensis, S. thondalu, S. marudhamneydhal, S. ponticeriana and S. visiri). The new species was found to be commonly distributed in arid and open habitats as well as in farmlands and plantations in northern Andhra Pradesh, eastern Madhya Pradesh and most parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha states.

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Dobariya, U. D., and P. N. Sarsavadiya. "Experimental Investigation and Techno Economic Analysis of Open Core Gasifier by Using Shredded Cotton Stalk as Feedstock." Current World Environment 11, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.1.38.

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Investigation on gasification of shredded cotton stalk was carried out by developing an open core throat less downdraft gasifier reactor (capacity: 70 MJh-1).Performance of the gasifier was carried out at six different gas flow rate (12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 m3/h)levels.The gasifier performed best at 18 m3h-1gas flow rate with equivalence ratio,gasification efficiency, specific gasification rate,specific gas production rate and fuel consumption rate of 0.35, 71.05 %, 192.51 kgh-1m-2,481.28m3h-1m-2and 7.2 kgh-1respectively. The economic analysis was carried out by considering shredded cotton stalk as feed stalk and compared with briquette. The benefit cost ratio of the gasifier systemwas increased from 1.45 to 2.18 (50.34%) and payback period decreased from 5y9m to 3y 5m (40.39 %) considering shredded cotton stalk as feed stock and compared with briquette for (gas flow rate: 18 m3h-1, daily operation: 20 h per day) 270 days of operation per year.

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Zhang, Yangchen, Xiyu Qu, Changsheng Miao, Jianfeng Zhu, Wen Xu, and Weiming Wang. "Effect of Authigenic Chlorite on the Pore Structure of Tight Clastic Reservoir in Songliao Basin." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021406.

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Authigenic chlorite is a common clay mineral in clastic rock reservoirs, and it has an important influence on the pore structure of tight clastic rock reservoirs. In this paper, the tight clastic reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in the Longfengshan subsag in the Changling fault depression in the Songliao Basin were investigated. Polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-pressure mercury injection (HPMI), and low temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA) were used to study the influence of authigenic chlorite on the pore structure of tight clastic reservoirs. The results show that the authigenic chlorite in the study area was mainly generated in the form of pore linings. The formation of the authigenic chlorite was mainly controlled by the parent rock type and the sedimentary microfacies in the provenance area. The hydrolysis and dissolution of the iron- and magnesium-rich intermediate-mafic magmatic rocks and the high-energy, open, weakly alkaline reducing environment in the delta-front underwater distributary channel were the key factors controlling the formation of the authigenic chlorite in the study area. The pore-lining chlorite slowed down compaction and inhibited quartz overgrowth, protecting the original pores. Moreover, there are a large number of intercrystalline pores in the chlorite, which provided channels for the flow of acidic water and thus the formation of secondary pores, playing a positive role in the physical properties of the tight clastic rock reservoirs. However, the pore-filling chlorite also blocked the pore throats, playing a negative role in the physical properties of the tight clastic rock reservoirs. The tight clastic rock reservoirs with pore-lining chlorite generally had low displacement pressures and large pore throat radii. The morphology of the nano-scale pores was mainly parallel plate-shaped slit pores. There were many primary pores and a small number of secondary pores in the reservoir. Some of the pores were connected by narrow-necked or curved sheet-like throats, and the pore structure was relatively good. A higher relative content of chlorite led to a larger nano-scale pore throat radius, a smaller specific surface area, a smoother pore surface, and stronger homogeneity. Authigenic chlorite played a positive role in the formation of the tight clastic reservoirs in the study area.

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50

Kiran, Mayuresh D., Monali P. Vakharia, Lalit J. Pawaskar, and Shaheen N. Sheikh. "Efficacy and safety of a fixed dose combination of paracetamol, chlorpheniramine maleate and phenylephrine in treatment of common cold: a phase IV, open-labelled, multi-centric study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20185123.

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Background: Acute coryza or common cold affects the upper airways, sometimes in association with low-grade fever and systemic symptoms, and usually presents with at least two of the following symptoms: cough, dysphonia, throat discomfort, sore throat, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, headaches, myalgia and fever. A triple combination of analgesics, decongestants and antihistamines provides better relief for multiple symptoms in common cold and allergic rhinitis according to various studies. A combination of Paracetamol as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic, Chlorpheniramine maleate, an anti-histaminic and Phenylephrine as a nasal decongestant is popular in the treatment of common cold. Hence the present study was planned to evaluate efficacy and safety of this combination in treatment of common cold.Methods: This was a phase IV, open-labelled, multicentric study in 159 patients. Efficacy assessment was done by analyzing the reduction in mean TSS at each follow-up visit and safety assessment was done by analyzing the adverse events during the study.Results: There was reduction in mean TSS from 6.62 (day 1) to 3.56 (day 3) and 0.69 (day 5). Most of the patients had >50% reduction in total symptom score at visit 3 and 58.49% patients had complete relief from the symptoms at the end of study. Out of 159 patients, 26 i.e. 16.36% experienced adverse events. Sedation and drowsiness (6.29%) were the most common adverse event seen in patients.Conclusions: A fixed dose combination of Chlorpheniramine maleate, Paracetamol, and Phenylephrine is safe and effective in the treatment of common cold.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Open throat'

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