Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Open sky'

The aim of this work is the solution spa area includes Yverdon les Bains. The existing facility does not meet both their needs, but mainly it is very closed. Park is closed to the public and within his right in the spa area there are several other barriers. Spa Park means to me park, promenade, people moving and elegance. At this point I feel the potential that could reopen the spa park outside world and effortlessly be connected to the outside world, with reference to its historical and thermal value. Therefore, I leave the pit area as much free, with public functions. The spa itself would not be contrary overload the body, but rather a place to stop and peaceful rest. That is why I put myself into a compact mass flowing above the park, which leave the most relaxed movement of people and devote themselves intimacy baths, views of the surroundings and contact with water, the sky opened atrium. Its shape and facade of the building creates a barrier, but rather is permeable and in contact with their surroundings and park.

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A sensação de conforto térmico experimentada pelos usuários de espaços abertos de lazer, como praças, parques, bosques, entre outros, pode afetar positiva ou negativamente a quantidade de usuários, atividades desenvolvidas, além do tempo de permanência das pessoas. No entanto, essa relação entre conforto térmico e tempo de permanência ainda é pouco estudada, fato que justifica a importância desta pesquisa, que busca investigar essa relação em um espaço aberto de lazer. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um parque Zoológico, na cidade de Bauru-SP, através da coleta de dados objetivos (medições microclimáticas e quantificação de pessoas), e subjetivos (aplicação de questionários) em dois subespaços com mesma atratividade (área de felinos) e diferentes Fatores de Visão do Céu (FVC), em duas condições de tempo, quente e ameno. Esses dados permitiram identificar os Votos de Sensação Real (ASV), calcular o índice PET (Temperatura Equivalente Fisiológica), verificar a preferência térmica dos usuários e registrar o tempo de permanência em cada subespaço, nas condições de tempo analisadas. Os resultados evidenciam a estreita relação entre FVC e o tempo de permanência em determinado espaço. Destaca-se ainda: 1. Maior frequência de sensação térmica de conforto dos usuários na área com maior sombreamento, nas condições de tempo quente, e frequências de sensação térmica equivalentes nos dois subespaços em condições de tempo ameno. 2. Nas condições de tempo quente, permanência de curta duração dos usuários nas áreas de alta incidência de radiação solar direta e faixa de neutralidade do índice PET variada em relação aos dois subespaços. 3. Em situações de desconforto por calor, o tempo de permanência é reduzido em função do FVC, e a atração passa a ser um aspecto secundário, ou seja, o maior interesse se torna a busca por um local mais confortável.
The sensation of thermal comfort experienced by the users of leisure open places, such as squares, parks, woods, among others, may positively or negatively affect the amount of users, developed activities, and permanency time of people. However, this relation between thermal comfort and exposure time is still poorly studied, fact that justifies the importancy of this research, that seeks to investigate this relation in an leisure open place. The study was developed in a Zoo Park, in Bauru-SP, trough objective data collect (microclimatic measurements and quantification of people), and subjective data collect (questionnaires application) in two subspaces with the same attractiveness (feline area) and different Sky View Factors (SVF), under two weather conditions, hot and mild. These data allowed to indentify the Actual Sensation Votes (ASV), to calculate the PET index (Physiological Equivalent Temperature), verify the thermal preference of the users and record the exposure time in each subspace, under the microclimatic conditions analyzed. The results show the narrow relation between SVF and the exposure time in a given space. It also shows: 1. Higher frequency of thermal sensation of comfort of the users in the area with greater shading, in hot weather conditions, and equivalent thermal sensation frequencies in the two subspaces in mild weather conditions. 2. In hot weather conditions, permanency of short duration of the users in the areas of high incidence of direct solar radiation and neutrality range of the PET index varied in relation to the two subspaces. 3. In situations of heat discomfort, the permanecy time is reduced in function of the SVF, and the attraction turns into a secondary aspect, that is, the greater interest becomes the search for a more comfortable place.

Five coastal sites have been studies on the Isle of Skye to investigate Late Devensian and Holocene relative sea level changes. In the field, detailed stratigraphical work, geomorphological mapping and levelling were undertaken and representatives cores were sampled. Detailed pollen and diatom analyses were undertaken in the laboratory and samples were submitted for radiocarbon assay where distinct pollen, diatom or lithostratigraphical changes were recorded. Loss on ignition analysis was also undertaken to ascertain the carbon content of the samples. The investigations have revealed that during the Late Devensian marine transgressions were experienced at two sites in southern Skye. These are thought to relate to readvances of the ice that arrested the isostatic recovery of the land, caused renewed isostatic depression and upon deglaciation, allowed marine waters to penetrate the sites. At Inver Aulavaig the transgression is thought to relate to the Wester Ross Readvance recorded in Wester Ross, Coll and Tiree and at Point of Sleat the transgression is thought to relate the Loch Lomond Readvance recorded extensively in Scotland. Relative sea level at Point of Sleat (southern Skye) then fell below an altitude of 4.13mOD at 10460+-50BP and remained low during the early Holocene until the Main Postglacial Transgression occurred. This transgression is recorded at three of the sites: at Inver Aulavaig (southern Skye) at 8850+-70BP where it had attained an altitude of at least 5.10mOD, at Peinchorran (eastern Skye) where it is thought to have been underway by 7980+-BP and attained an altitude of 4.49mOD and at Talisker Bay (western Skye) at 7790+-100BP where it had attained an altitude of -2.18mOD. At Ardmore Bay (northern Skye) it is thought that the Main Postglacial Transgression did not reach an altitude of 3.34mOD. It is possible that barrier formation at some of the sites accompanied the early states of the Mian Postglacial Transgression. It is thought that regression of the sea occurred between circa 6600 BP and circa 5400 BP and remained low until circa 4200 BP when a later rise in relative sea level took place at Peinchorran attaining a maximum altitude of 4.90mOD. A late Holocene transgression is also recorded at Point of Sleat at between circa 3800 BP and circa 2900 BP where it attained an altitude of greater than 4.13mOD and at Inver Aulavaig after circa 3200 BP where it attained an altitude of between 5.10-6.01mOD. It is unclear whether this episode of high relative sea level represents the diachronous nature of one late Holocene transgression or several fluctuations in relative sea level during the late Holocene. Following the late Holocene transgression, relative sea level fell until the present day. Comparison of the data obtained from Skye with the isobase maps and rheological models suggests that the isobases for the Main Lateglacial Shoreline (Firth et al., 1993) show a good fit in age and altitude but the rheological model of Lambeck (1993b) for 10500 BP requires modification. The isobases for the Main Postglacial Shoreline appear to lie circa 4m too high for the sites studied on Skye and the isobases produced for a late Holocene shoreline appear to be greatly in error (Firth et al., 1993). It is possible that the build up of ice during the Loch Lomond Stadial may have had a greater effect on crustal movements than previously thought and this may account for discrepancies identified in the isobase maps. The study of isolation basins and back-barrier environments has allowed an assessment of their potential in recording relative sea level changes. The use of isolation basins in areas devoid of estuarine sedimentation has been particualrly demonstrated. The vegetation reconstruction undertaken, suggests that variations do occur in coastal locations compared to sites further inland, although these are subtle. The dates obtained for the increase in taxa such as 'Corylus avellana' and 'Alnus' and the recording of anthropogenic indicators on the vegetation, agree with those previously obtained for Skye. The use of pollen analysis in verifying the radiocarbon dates obtained, particualrly for the Late Devensian, has been recognised and, combined with diatom analysis, has provided a comprehensive database from which to reconstruct past relative sea levels.

The deep mining and civil engineering industry need to perform rock stability analyses during excavation projects. The stability is mainly controlled by the shear strength of the rock fractures, which are the weakest point of the rock mass. In turn, the shear strength is governed by the mechanical properties of the fractures. It is both time and cost demanding to determine the properties of the rock fractures in laboratory. Also, the interpretation of the results requires a deep understanding of the normal and shear behaviour of rock fractures. This study aims to investigate if it is possible to determine the peak shear strength of rock fractures by merely estimating fracture parameters during field mapping and core logging. SKB supplied test results on drilled bore cores from site investigations in Forsmark and Laxemar for deep nuclear waste deposits. SKB generated data of high quality and in large quantity, which made it very valuable for the purpose of the study. The study begins with a literature review and an interaction matrix, clarifying the relationships between mechanical properties and affecting parameters of rock fractures. The predicted relationships of the parameters are then tested in an analysis based on the compiled data from SKB. The results show that the peak friction angle, the residual friction angle and the dilation angle are possible to approximate for open granite fractures in deep mining projects. Further on, the study proposes that the joint matching coefficient is included in the field mapping and core logging since it has a strong influence on the mechanical behaviour of the fracture, notably the normal and shear stiffness. Finally, the study questions estimations of JRC on small samples.

I min essä beskriver jag den öppna miljön, med ett modernt och nytänkande arbetssätt som blir allt vanligare inom förskolan. I den nya moderna förskolan öppnas innemiljöerna upp allt mer för att skapa möjligheter till ett ökat samspel och lärande mellan barnen. Pedagogiken säger att vi pedagoger ska bygga miljöer och inspirera barnen till att själva söka kunskap, men här anser jag att det finns barn som får problem. Många barn har svårt att anpassa sig till den stora barngruppen och utmärker sig för att vara "stökiga" eftersom de inte klarar av att sortera alla sinnesintryck runt omkring sig. Jag ser att barn med koncentrationssvårigheter blir allt vanligare inom förskolan och är orsakat av miljön de befinner sig i. Syftet med min essä är att undersöka hur miljön kan vara grunden till barn som har ett oroligt beteende och hur jag som pedagog kan ge dem möjligheter att lättare komma till ro i en verksamhet som saknar avdelade rum. Genom att jag reflekterar över mitt pedagogiska förhållningssätt kommer jag fram till att alla barn inte kan bemötas lika. För att alla barn ska känna en lugn och trygg lärandemiljö på förskolan krävs det att vi pedagoger har kunskap om hur flexibla rum, vardagsstress och stora barngrupper kan påverka barnets koncentration till eget lärande.
In my essay I describe the open environment, with a modern and innovative way of work that is becoming more and more common in preschools. In the new modern preschool the indoor environments are becoming more open to create an increased interaction and learning between the children. The science of education says that the pedagogue shall create environments and inspire the children to search their own knowledge, but according to me this is a something that causes problems for some children. Many children have difficulties to adapt to the large group of children and are characterized as "messy" since they are unable to sort all the perception they are exposed to. I experience that children with concentration disabilities are becoming more and more common at preschools and that it is caused by the environments they are situated in. The purposes of my essay is to investigate how the environment can be the cause of a restless behavior and how I, as a pedagogue, can give them the opportunity to easier find peace in a preschool which doesn’t have any separate rooms. By reflecting over my pedagogical attitude I find that not all children can be met the same way. For every children to experience a calm and safe learning environment at preschool, it is necessary that we pedagogues have knowledge about how flexible rooms, everyday stress and large groups of children can effect the concentration of learning for the child.

La redéfinition des conditions d’exercice de la souveraineté aérienne des États membres, par un transfert progressif de compétences au profit de l’Union européenne, ne peut être analysée uniquement en termes de dépossession et de réduction de leur puissance individuelle. Les compétences aériennes confiées à l’Union permettent l’affirmation de l’ensemble européen sur la scène internationale. Ce processus, mouvant et encore inachevé, se traduit par une prise en compte accrue de la spécificité européenne en matière d’aviation civile. Malgré des réticences certaines émanant aussi bien des États membres que des États tiers, l’Union s’érige progressivement au rang d’acteur de poids, capable d’influencer le contenu normatif du droit aérien contemporain, de la même manière que le font les puissances aériennes traditionnelles et notamment les États-Unis. Ces nouvelles tendances, révélatrices de la souplesse et de la plasticité de la convention de Chicago, permettent de dresser des perspectives quant aux possibles évolutions futures de l’ordre international de l’aviation civile
The way in which the Member States have redefined the conditions regarding how they exercise their air sovereignty, by progressively transferring power to the European Union, cannot be viewed solely as them removing and reducing their individual powers. The powers conferred to the European Union in aviation matters are resulting in an affirmation of the international role of Europe as a whole. This on-going, and as yet incomplete process, may be seen in a greater recognition of the specific European aspect regarding Civil Aviation. In spite of the hesitance of Member States and non-member States, the European Union has progressively taken its place among the key players, able to influence developments in modern aviation law, in the same way as other established aviation authorities and especially the United States. These new trends reveal the flexibility and elasticity of the Chicago Convention and the potential future developments in International Civil Aviation

On Open Sky is the first movement of a large orchestral work. The piece seeks to evoke the memory of a landscape, specially central Australia. The orchestration is the most important structural element, as sound color and texture propel the piece. There are two main sections separated by a short contrasting episode. The climax of the piece occurs at measure 100 and uses material derived from introduction.

碩士
國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
85
In 1978, the Airline Deregulation Act became law in the United States and since then the era of the deregulation of the U.S. airline industry was begun. In Taiwan, the Open-Sky Policy which lifted the regulation of market entry upon the domestic airline was applied in 1987. This thesis attempts to explore the impact of Open-Sky Policy to the Taiwan*s domestic airline market as compared to that of the U.S., and to examine the market contestability of the domestic airlines in Taiwan. This thesis consists with two parts : Part I is to compare the changes that have taken place in the airline industry under deregulation between U.S. and Taiwan; Part II is to carry out empirical tests of the contestability hypothesis of the domestic airlines in Taiwan. The deregulation in the U.S. airline industry has increased the market power of airlines and resulted the industry having two development stages.After comparison of impacts of deregulation between Taiwan and the first stage of U. S., we find that the benefits of the travelers that include increasing the choice of airline, the available seats, the frequency of aircraft are the same but the fare is different. After the total deregulation of U.S. airline fares in 1983 , the average real fares paid by passengers have fallen . In Taiwan, the average real fares have not changed because the airline fares are regulated. The development of the domestic airline in Taiwan is almost the same with the first stage in U.S., however, the secondstage needs further research. The primary finding of the empirically testable implication of contestability in the thesis is that there is no obvious evidence rejecting the domestic airline industry in Taiwan is contestable. The thesis had also discussed the reasons of the contestability of the domestic airline in Taiwan, we find that there is no relationship between the airline fares and the numbers of the potential airlines. The reason might be the fares in Taiwan still regulated. Accounting to our study, we suggested that re- regulated policy should not be implemented on domestic airline industry in Taiwan.

The thesis deals with assortative behaviour of Poecilia wingei. The aims of the thesis are to describe character traits of fish and their heritability, then set breeding pairs of Endler's Livebearer (Poecilia wingei) and to determine their traits (shy or bold). After that, the offspring generation of such pairs was bred and their personal traits were determined too. Finally a comparison of the parents and the offspring generation was carried out and the heritability was analyzed. The traits were analyzed using the Open Field test. Fifty pairs of the parent generation were measured, coupled into pairs according to their traits. After that the offspring generation was measured too. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated, determining the share of the total phenotypic variance that is conditioned by the variability of genetic information in the population. The results were analysed using Statistica 12. The comparisons of the results revealed the heritability of the traits.