Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Open innovation platforms'

Open innovation platforms are a tool to solve sustainability challenges through innovation. These platforms facilitate the collaboration among diverse stakeholders, which is challenging but necessary to solve complex sustainability challenges. However, there is little research on how to design open innovation platforms to support collaboration and feedback from platform members is needed to understand their viewpoints. The study aims to understand the perceived benefits and challenges of participants from sustainability-oriented open innovation platforms. Based on this, the study intends to provide guidance for designing these platforms to increase the benefits for its participants. To understand the different viewpoints better, a qualitative research design in the form of a case study was chosen. Data was collected from interviews with participants from the open innovation platform Climate-KIC and analysed with the help of the Framework method. The results emphasise that open innovation platforms must support their participants throughout the whole open innovation process. Special attention must be paid to the diversity of the participants that require different support from the platform based on their maturity level.

Information Technology (IT) evolution in the recent decades has been able to grow the mobility of the end-user. A contributing factor has impacted and improved the smartphone area. This, in turn, has changed end-users’ expectations and experiences in the recent years in terms of available services, which have made mobile applications (apps) to find their place in daily life. In line with the significant growth of smartphones, as the iPhone and Android phones, is also the development of mobile applications exploded. Mobile use has - with this - fundamentally changed and much of what customers used to do on the computer, they do now on their mobile. It makes of course requires that third-parties have a mobile presence and correct utilization, this new arena enormous business opportunities. Hence, as mobile devices become a more visible business tool, it becomes important for organizations to develop applications to meet customer needs and stay competitive. Third-party development is relevantly in the core of software development nowadays. The introduction of smartphones and tablet devices, the associated products, and services in the form of apps has significantly changed software developments practices for developers. The aim of this research formulated to study the development process and practices associated with third-parties and their effects on dealing with various mobile platforms and boundary resources (SKDs and APIs). Qualitative study and exploratory design are extensively conducted for data collection and analysis. Primary data is gathered based on experiences, opinions, and insights from the experts in the subject, and secondary data is gathered from literature, which constantly supports the primary data and ensures the research credibility. The main contribution and results of this study are the factors and development process that third-party developers take into consideration when developing apps for iOS and Android such as ecosystem, programing language, platform, programing model, tools, development process model, supply chain, and submission apps. The success of the digital ecosystems and platform knowledge adopted by Apple and Google has gained a lot of attention from developers in the last years concerning mobile application development. This, in turn, was the key factor of their success at the smartphones market and the portal for developers from all the world.

With the increasing access to mobile devices in developing countries, the number of pilots and projects embracing mobile devices as learning tools is also growing. The important role it can play in improving education is also positively received within education communities. But, providing a successful mobile learning service is still significantly challenging. The considerable problems arise due to existing pedagogical, technological, political, social and cultural challenges and there has been a shortage of research concerning how to deploy and sustain this technology in a resource constrained educational environment. There are studies mainly conducted in sub-Saharan countries, India, and Latin America, which provide some guidelines for incorporating technology in the existing educational process. However, considering the contextual differences between these regions and other countries in Asia, such as Nepal, it requires a broader study in its own challenging socio-cultural context. In response to this difficulty, the aims of this exploratory research work are to study the distinct challenges of schools’ education in Nepal and evaluate the use of open-source devices to provide offline access to learning materials in order to recommend a sustainable mobile learning model. The developmental study was conducted in University of West London in order to assess the feasibility of these devices. The main study in Nepal explored i) the overall challenges to education in the challenging learning environment of schools with limited or no access to ICT, ii) how ICT might be helping teaching and learning in the rural public schools, and iii) how an offline mobile learning solution based on the open source platforms may facilitate English language teaching and learning. Data collection primarily involved interviews, questionnaires, observations and supplemented by other methods. This thesis presents the sustainable model for deploying and supporting mobile technology for education, which is based on the findings emerging from completed exploratory studies in Nepal. It highlights all the aspects that need to be addressed to ensure sustainability. However, to translate this understanding to a design is a complex challenge. For a mobile learning solution to be used in such challenging learning contexts, the need is to develop simple and innovative solutions that provide access to relevant digital learning resources and train teachers to embed technology in education. This thesis discusses these findings, limitations and presents implications for the design of future mobile learning in the context of Nepal.

Thesis (S.M. in System Design and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-116).
Over the past several decades, technology has become fundamental to the facilitation of communication, collaboration and productivity inside and between enterprises. Enterprises use numerous tools to reach their customers, manage increasingly decentralized and mobile workforces and to create digital assets critical to their daily operations. In the last several years, changes in the availability of internet access and the compatibility of internet browsers has resulted in massively scalable services available on the internet - delivered by models termed "Software as a Service" and "Cloud Computing". This delivery mechanism is vastly different from traditional models of enterprise software delivery where enterprise purchase, install and manage their own enterprise software packages. This thesis will evaluate a strategy for one of the market leaders in messaging, IBM Lotus, in the face of the disruptive forces of new internet enabled delivery mechanisms like Software as a Service and Cloud Computing. In doing so, it will integrate the topics of several researchers in the field of strategy and innovation. After a treatment of background topics and themes, it will present an evaluation of the enterprise software market in the face of the disruptive forces created by the internet. A framework for evaluating market strategies for established players will be developed using concepts of software platforms and open innovation. Finally, a case study of the established player will be viewed through the lens of this framework.
by Matthew Flaherty.
S.M.in System Design and Management

Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
Num contexto global marcado pelo jogo de forças competitivas e pela mudança, o conhecimento transformou-se no principal ativo estratégico das organizações. Porque não conseguem dominar todas as áreas do conhecimento e tão pouco dispõem de recursos ilimitados, as organizações são forçadas cada vez mais, a abrir-se à colaboração com outros atores da sua envolvente, numa lógica de partilha de sinergias e exploração de complementaridades que condicionam o seu potencial inovador. O modelo de Inovação Aberta tem sido promovido, nestes termos, como uma receita para o sucesso das organizações na atual sociedade do conhecimento. É fundamental que a Portugal Telecom compreenda em que situações a Inovação Aberta é a abordagem mais adequada para a criação de valor. Neste sentido, o Estudo de Caso desenvolvido procura explorar os esforços empreendidos pela organização no sentido de se abrir ao exterior e de procurar a colaboração com outros atores.
In a global context, defined by competitive forces and change, knowledge has become the main strategic asset of organizations. The lack of ability of organizations to dominate all areas of knowledge and their limited resources, have forced them to open their collaboration boundaries to other actors, in a logic of sharing and exploring the complementary synergies that affect their innovative potential. The Open Innovation model has been promoted in these terms, as a recipe for organizational success in today's knowledge society. It is essential that Portugal Telecom understands in which situations the Open Innovation process is the most appropriate approach to create value. This Case Study explores the efforts of the organization in the sense of opening to the outside and to seek collaboration with other actors.

The financial sector, as we know it, is radically transforming. As a result of the European regulation PSD2, customers banking data is becoming available for third parties by APIs [Evry n.d]. The traditional banks are now being exposed to competition from FinTechs and BigTech [Evry 2017]. The transformation is on-going and to the tunes of to new technologies, new regulations and new customer demands [Tornjanski et al. 2015]. This study aimed to identify the nature and behavior of the trend leaders, Generation Y (18 to 30 years old), and in the context of open banking, diagnose the transformation of banking services to meet new digital needs.To achieve this, a sequential embedded explanatory methodology was applied. The quantitative phase, identified and generalized the behaviors of Generation Y. The qualitative phase was exploratory, where multiple focus groups (38 individuals) developed the future banking services they request and want. This was analyzed based on Business Model Canvas [Osterwalder and Pigneur 2010] and a new service development framework for customer co-creation [Ozdemir, Trott, and Hoecht 2007]. The results imply that Generation Y, abide to be courted on their conditions and on-demand. They request a further expansion of the banks operational context, to supply with open banking platforms including both financial- and non-financial services. Hence, to meet these requests and remain the primary financial service provider the future banking services most transform into becoming digitally personalized and to seamlessly assist in everyday life.
Finanssektorn, som vi känner till den, förändras radikalt. Som ett resultat av den europeiska förordningen PSD2 blir kundernas bankdata tillgängliga för tredjepartsaktörer via API:er [Evry n.d]. De traditionella bankerna utsätts nu för konkurrens från FinTechs och BigTechs [Evry 2017]. Transformationen pågår och möjliggör för ny teknik, nya regler och nya kundkrav [Tornjanski et al. 2015]. Denna studie syftar till att identifiera trendledarna, Generation Ys (18 till 30 år) natur och beteenden, och inom ramen för open banking, diagnostisera omvandlingen av banktjänsterför att möta nya digitala behov. För att uppnå detta tillämpades en sekventiell inbäddad förklarande metodik. Den kvantitativa fasen identifierade och generaliserade Generations Y: s beteende. Den kvalitativa fasen var undersökande, där flera fokusgrupper (38 individer) utvecklade de framtida banktjänster som de efterfrågar och vill ha. Detta analyserades utifrån Business Model Canvas [Osterwalder and Pigneur 2010] och ett ramverk för utveckling av ny tjänster genom kundsamverkan [Ozdemir, Trott, and Hoecht 2007]. Resultaten påvisar att Generation Y förväntar sig att bli betjänade på sina villkor och begäran. De efterfrågar en framtida expansion av bankernas operativa kontext, till att förmedla öppna plattformar som inkluderar både finansiella och icke-finansiella tjänster. För att möta efterfrågan och förbli den primära finansiella tjänsteleverantören, måste de framtida banktjänsterna transformeras till att bli mer digitala och personanpassade hjälpmedel i vardagen.

The new EU regulation, revised payment services directive (PSD2), will change how the retail banking market works today. It will obligate banks, with the consumer’s consent, to provide access to account information and thus open up the market for new actors. This study aims to provide an understanding of the effects PSD2 will have on the retail banking market in Sweden and how the banks will act to cope with the changes it entails. There is a lack of academic articles on PSD2, and the reports that do exist are to the greater extent published by consultants. Hence, this report seeks to bridge that gap by exploring banks from a strategic point of view, taking a starting point in the theory of competitive advantage and open innovation, in order to analyse different banks’ strategies that they are considering when PSD2 is enforced. This will be a cornerstone for understanding the future development of the Swedish retail banking market. To gain in-depth knowledge about the banks’ strategies to cope with PSD2, a case study has been made where 10 semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 10 different banks operating in Sweden - this represents the greater majority of all banks in the Swedish retail banking market. From the empirical findings in this report, it is clear that very few banks consider that only complying to PSD2 is a good strategic alternative. Instead, most banks see greater business opportunities in PSD2 and from this study it is evident that the market is heading towards an open banking approach. However, the path towards open banking differs between banks. All banks will focus on becoming compliant but due to differences in size, capabilities and resources, the banks try to differentiate themselves through different approaches. Some banks will attempt an open banking approach immediately, while others will start by becoming a producer of services and from there decide whether or not to move into open banking. What has been made crystal clear from the analysis of the empirical findings, is that no banks will start off by becoming a distributor of more advanced customer data to third parties.
Den nya EU-regleringen, andra betaltjänstdirektivet (PSD2), kommer att förändra hur bankmarknade fungerar idag. Det kommer att förplikta banker, med konsumentens samtycke, att ge tillgång till kontoinformation och därmed öppna marknaden för nya aktörer. Denna studie syftar till att ge en förståelse för de effekter som PSD2 kommer att ha på bankmarknaden i Sverige och hur bankerna kommer att agera för att klara de förändringar som medförs. Det finns få akademiska artiklar om PSD2, och rapporterna som finns är i större utsträckning publicerad av konsulter. Därför syftar denna rapport till att bidra med en akademisk rapport som utforskar banker från en strategisk synvinkel, med utgångspunkt i teorin om konkurrensfördelar och öppen innovation, för att analysera bankernas strategier för att möta PSD2. Detta  kommer att vara grunden för att få en förståelse av den framtida utvecklingen av den svenska bankmarknaden.  För att få en djupare förståelse av bankernas strategier för att möta PSD2 har en fallstudie gjorts där 10 halvstrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med 10 olika banker som är verksamma i Sverige - det motsvarar större delen av marknadsandelen på den svenska bankmarknaden. Från de empiriska resultaten i denna rapport är det uppenbart att väldigt få banker anser att endast följa PSD2 är ett bra strategiskt alternativ. I stället ser de flesta banker större affärsmöjligheter i PSD2 och från denna studie är det uppenbart att marknaden är på väg mot “open banking”. Vägen mot “open banking” skiljer sig mellan bankerna. Alla banker kommer att fokusera på att bli kompatibla men på grund av skillnader i storlek, kapacitet och resurser försöker bankerna skilja sig genom olika metoder. Vissa banker kommer omedelbart att ta sig an “open banking”, medan andra börjar med att bli en producent av tjänster och därmed bestämma huruvida de ska gå in i “open banking” eller inte. Vad som har tydliggjorts från analysen av de empiriska resultaten är att inga banker kommer att börja med att bli distributör av mer avancerade APIer till tredje parter.

Firms operate in an increasingly complex, unpredictable and fast-moving environment. Understand the business ecosystem in which an innovative company operates is a major leadership stake. Indeed, know how the various possibilities to interact with the actors present in the business ecosystem of an organization are part of the leadership role. In order to survive facing competitive organizations, and to get a sustainable competitive advantage, an innovative organization must be able to combine with various partners on its business ecosystem in order to share knowledge and competencies, and therefor implement open innovation processes may be a key success factor that should not be sidelined. To do so, an oganization must understand innovation to adopt open innovation processes, must also take into account various elements of its business ecosystem to settle competitive dynamics with stakeholders and be able to interact with these different actors, and to finish an innovative organization must be able to set open innovation processes to find a key success factor and perform a sustainable competetive advanage.

Business management Paradigm is Changing. We used to have big, best, and fast and now it seems that we are having one more paradigm of “Open”. Chesbrough (2003) argued for cooperating between competitors or allies in his article “The era of open innovation”. (ChesbroughH.W, 2003) This research is about open innovation with customer participation. Many organizations built platform to motivate customers to participate the product development process. Hence, we selected three different types of platforms which are full-open, semi-open and closed platform for case study. To compare different perspective from organizations and customers, we will use both of case study of the organizations who opened competencies to the customers and survey of the customers who are creating derivative products. From that case-study and survey result, we aim to figure out what to open and what to close for the organizations that are implementing open innovation strategy. We will suggest a competency pyramid model that helps organizations to divide their competencies into two different sectors: open competency and closed competency. And finally, we will find out what factors are important to make a platform successful.

This master thesis investigates changes that occur in students’ creative confidence when they participate an open innovation project through Demola Oulu. Demola is here addresses as an open innovation platform that enables students to participate companies’ product development processes within interdisciplinary teams. During a Demola project students get experience in brainstorming and validating their ideas. Through the research data gathered by two surveys, three semi-structured interviews and field research this study sheds light on a scarcely researched area of universities as gainers of open innovation. In addition the thesis builds a connection between open innovation and the psychological concept of creative self-efficacy. The results of this master thesis indicate that opportunity to practice creativity hands-on during the Demola project fostered students’ trust to their creative skills. In addition, social interaction with Demola’s facilitators and the company partners was discovered to strengthen creative confidence if the communication was oriented by trust and encouragement. Thirdly, students gained more trust to themselves as creative actors when the value of their product demo was acknowledged by the company partner or Demola staff. These findings of the research offer practical help for Demola organization as they tell how the Demola project’s positive effect to students’ creative confidence can be optimized.

Open innovation has been rising in popularity as an alternative to traditional model for organizations to enhance innovation in their products or services. In the past, the innovation processes was time-consuming and costly. It has now become significantly efficient and effective, supported by the advancement of today’s IT such as Internet, Cloud Computing and Big Data. Open innovation has changed the aspect of the innovation source; from closed internal R&D to fully utilization of consumers’ collaboration. Decision to shift towards open innovation strategy has been lying on several areas including motivation, financial direction, and preference of the innovation strategies and business models that fitting the organizational core strategy. This research studied the relation of these areas and its effect; it determined the way IT-organization creates and captures value that were done by opening its product platform. This thesis was conducted to analyze the open innovation approach in an open digital navigation platform, featuring two platforms as case study: Google Maps and OpenStreetMap. The investigation emphasized the utilizing of the open innovation strategy to build its platform where crowdsourcing and open source software as objects highlighted in the research. The data was collected from secondary sources. Research findings suggested that crowdsourcing and open source software strategy are the main strategies of open innovation implemented in IT digital mapping platform to create and capture value. While these strategies have been practiced in both platforms, circumstances (motivation, financial direction, and business strategy) that hovering around the internal aspect of organizations affected the application of those strategies. The implementation results are differ according to preferred business model. The result of this research suggested that a non-profit based organization tends to utilize open innovation to improve the value of their product through consumer collaboration, while a profit based organization adopts open innovation to generate additional pool of revenue through customers’ feedback and input data. The open innovation leads to creation of a new business model as the foundation of innovation.

Complex diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are often diagnosed too late, which significantly impairs treatment options and, in turn, lowers patient’s survival rate drastically and increases the costs significantly. Moreover, the growth of medical data is faster than the ability of healthcare systems to utilize them. Almost 80% of medical data are unstructured, but they are clinically relevant. On the other hand, technological advancements have made it possible to create different  igital health solutions where healthcare and ICT meet. Also, some individuals have already started to measure their body function parameters, track their health status, research their symptoms and even intervene in treatment options which means a great deal of data is being produced and also indicates that patient-driven health care models are transforming how health care functions. These models include quantified self-tracking, consumer-personalized-medicine and health social networks. This research aims to present an open innovation digital health platform which creates value  y using the overlaps between healthcare, information technology and artificial intelligence. This platform could potentially be utilized for early detection of complex diseases by leveraging Big Data technology which could improve awareness by recognizing pooled symptoms of a specific disease. This would enable individuals to effortlessly and quantitatively track and become aware of changes in their health, and through a dialog with a doctor, achieve diagnosis at a significantly earlier stage. This thesis focuses on a case study of the platform for detecting breast cancer at a  ignificantly earlier stage. A qualitative research method is implemented through reviewing the literature, determining the knowledge gap, evaluating the need, performing market research, developing a conceptual prototype and presenting the open innovation platform. Finally, the value creation, applications and challenges of such platform are investigated, analysed and discussed based on the collected data from interviews and surveys. This study combines an explanatory and an analytical research approach, as it aims not only to describe the case, but also to explain the value creation for different stakeholders in the value chain. The findings indicate that there is an urgent need for early diagnosis of complex diseases such as breast cancer) and also handling direct and indirect consequences of late diagnosis. A significant outcome of this research is the conceptual prototype which was developed based on the general proposed concept through a customer development process. According to the conducted surveys, 95% of the cancer patients and 84% of the healthy individuals are willing to use the proposed platform. The results indicate that it can create significant values for patients, doctors, academic institutions, hospitals and even healthy individuals.

As depicted in Chapter I, 2-oxoglutarate- (2OG) dependent oxygenases are ubiquitous in living systems and display a wide range of cellular functions, spanning metabolism, transcription, and translation. Although functionally diverse, the 2OG oxygenases share a high degree of structural similarities between their catalytic sites. From a medicinal chemistry point of view, the combination of biological diversity and structural similarity presents a rather challenging task for the development of selective small molecules for functional studies in vivo. The non-selective metal chelator 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) was used as a template for the generation of tool compound I for the KDM4 subfamily of histone demethylases via application of the Betti reaction. Structural analogue II was used as the corresponding negative control (Figure A). These compounds were characterised in vitro against a range of 2OG oxygenases and subsequently used for studies in cells. I displays selectivity for KDM4 and increases the level of the H3K9me3 histone mark in cells. It has an effect on the post-translational modification pattern of histone H3, but not other histones, and reduces the viability of lung cancer cells, but not normal lung cells, derived from the same patient. I also stabilises hypoxia-inducable factor HIF in cells via a mechanism which seems to be independent from prolyl hydroxylase inhibition. This work is described in Chapters II and III. The chemical biology research in epigenetics is complemented by qualitative analysis conducted in the social sciences at Said Business School. With a global view on how innovation occurs and may actively be fostered, Chapter IV focuses on the potential of epigenetics in drug discovery and how this process may actively be promoted within the framework of open innovation. Areas of focus include considerations of incremental and disruptive technology; how to claim, demarcate, and control the market; how knowledge brokering occurs; and insights about process, management, organisation, and culture of open innovation. In contrast to the open-skies approach adopted for the development of a tool compound in Chapters II and III, a focused-library approach was taken for the generation of a tool compound for the OGFOD1 ribosomal prolyl hydroxylase. The development of a suitable in vitro activity assay for OGFOD1 in Chapter V enabled the development of lead compound III in Chapter VI. III is selective for OGFOD1 against the structurally closely related prolyl hydroxylase PHD2.

碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班資訊管理組
98
Web 2.0 leads the world into an era of "open" generation. More and more companies find the benefits of mass collaboration. It will eventually replace the traditional corporate structure, and be the main power source of wealth creation. Open innovation theory suggests the company will blur the boundary of R&D, using the talents outside the enterprise in order to shorten the development time, reduce development cost, and accelerate new products to market to create value. Innovative Intermediary companies should be active in promoting more interaction of innovation for profit, through the Internet platform to facilitate information flow and speed up transactions. However, technical products has its own characteristics different from general merchandise.Platform should have its own unique characteristics and the factors necessary to attract the trading parties to join and stay.Transactions through the platform so that the two sides can interact, and gradually increase the value of the platform. This study sums up the characteristics and successful driving factors of Open Innovation Intermediary Platform (OIIP) through a combination of theory and practice, and constructs an architecture model of OIIP. The reaserch reaches two conclusions. First, OIIP has four kinds of important "innovation stakeholders". They interact through OIIP for innovation, and are OIIP’s Interdependent partners. Second, there are six critical successful driving factors for operating an OIIP, and the six factors are closely linked to create the sense of value to innovation stakeholders.

Computer systems have replaced human work-force in many parts of everyday life, but there still exists a large number of tasks that cannot be automated, yet. This also includes tasks, which we consider to be rather simple like the categorization of image content or subjective ratings. Traditionally, these tasks have been completed by designated employees or outsourced to specialized companies. However, recently the crowdsourcing paradigm is more and more applied to complete such human-labor intensive tasks. Crowdsourcing aims at leveraging the huge number of Internet users all around the globe, which form a potentially highly available, low-cost, and easy accessible work-force. To enable the distribution of work on a global scale, new web-based services emerged, so called crowdsourcing platforms, that act as mediator between employers posting tasks and workers completing tasks. However, the crowdsourcing approach, especially the large anonymous worker crowd, results in two types of challenges. On the one hand, there are technical challenges like the dimensioning of crowdsourcing platform infrastructure or the interconnection of crowdsourcing platforms and machine clouds to build hybrid services. On the other hand, there are conceptual challenges like identifying reliable workers or migrating traditional off-line work to the crowdsourcing environment. To tackle these challenges, this monograph analyzes and models current crowdsourcing systems to optimize crowdsourcing workflows and the underlying infrastructure. First, a categorization of crowdsourcing tasks and platforms is developed to derive generalizable properties. Based on this categorization and an exemplary analysis of a commercial crowdsourcing platform, models for different aspects of crowdsourcing platforms and crowdsourcing mechanisms are developed. A special focus is put on quality assurance mechanisms for crowdsourcing tasks, where the models are used to assess the suitability and costs of existing approaches for different types of tasks. Further, a novel quality assurance mechanism solely based on user-interactions is proposed and its feasibility is shown. The findings from the analysis of existing platforms, the derived models, and the developed quality assurance mechanisms are finally used to derive best practices for two crowdsourcing use-cases, crowdsourcing-based network measurements and crowdsourcing-based subjective user studies. These two exemplary use-cases cover aspects typical for a large range of crowdsourcing tasks and illustrated the potential benefits, but also resulting challenges when using crowdsourcing. With the ongoing digitalization and globalization of the labor markets, the crowdsourcing paradigm is expected to gain even more importance in the next years. This is already evident in the currently new emerging fields of crowdsourcing, like enterprise crowdsourcing or mobile crowdsourcing. The models developed in the monograph enable platform providers to optimize their current systems and employers to optimize their workflows to increase their commercial success. Moreover, the results help to improve the general understanding of crowdsourcing systems, a key for identifying necessary adaptions and future improvements
Computer haben menschliche Arbeitskräfte mittlerweile in vielen Bereichen des täglichen Lebens ersetzt. Dennoch gibt es immer noch eine große Anzahl von Aufgaben, die derzeit nicht oder nur teilweise automatisierbar sind. Hierzu gehören auch solche, welche als sehr einfach erachtet werden, beispielsweise das Kategorisieren von Bildinhalten oder subjektive Bewertungen. Traditionell wurden diese Aufgaben vorwiegend von eigens angestellten Mitarbeitern oder über Outsourcing gelöst. In den vergangenen Jahren wurde hierfür jedoch immer häufiger Crowdsourcing verwendet, wobei die große Anzahl an weltweiten Internetnutzern als hoch verfügbare, kostengünstige und einfach zu erreichende Arbeiterschaft eingesetzt wird. Um eine weltweite Verteilung von Arbeit zu ermöglichen hat sich eine neue Art von Internetdienstleistern entwickelt, die sogenannten Crowdsourcingplattformen. Diese dienen als Vermittler zwischen Arbeitgebern, welche Aufgaben auf den Plattformen einstellen und Arbeitnehmer, welche diese Aufgaben bearbeiten. Hierbei ergeben sich zwei Arten von Herausforderungen. Einerseits entstehen Herausforderungen technischer Art, wie etwa Fragen bezüglich der Dimensionierung der Plattforminfrastruktur oder der Realisierung von Programmierschnittstellen zur Verbindung von Crowdsourcingplattformen mit anderen Cloudanbietern. Andererseits ergeben sich konzeptionelle Herausforderungen, wie etwa die Identifikation vertrauenswürdiger Arbeitnehmer oder Methoden zur Migration von traditionellen Arbeitsaufgaben in Crowdsourcing-basierte Arbeit. In diesem Monograph werden beide Arten von Herausforderungen adressiert. Hierzu werden aktuelle Crowdsourcingsysteme analysiert und modelliert, um basieren auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen, Arbeitsabläufe im Crowdsourcing und die den Systemen zu Grunde liegende Infrastruktur zu optimieren. Zunächst wird hierfür eine Kategorisierung von Crowdsourcing Aufgaben und Plattformen entwickelt um generalisierbare Eigenschaften abzuleiten. Basierend auf dieser Kategorisierung und einer beispielhaften Analyse einer kommerziellen Crowdsourcingplattform werden Modelle entwickelt, die verschiedene Aspekte der Plattformen sowie der eingesetzten Mechanismen abbilden. Hierbei wird ein besonderer Fokus auf die Verlässlichkeit von Qualitätssicherungsmechanismen, deren Kosten und Einsetzbarkeit für verschiedene Aufgabentypen gelegt. Ferner wird ein neuer Qualitätssicherungsmechanismus vorgestellt und evaluiert, welcher lediglich auf den Interaktionen der Crowdsourcingarbeitnehmer mit der Nutzeroberfläche basiert. Die Erkenntnisse, aus der Analyse existierender Plattformen, den abgeleiteten Modellen und dem entwickelten Qualitätssicherungsmechanismus fließen schließlich in konkrete Designempfehlungen für zwei exemplarische Crowdsourcinganwendungsfälle ein. Die beiden gewählten Anwendungsfälle decken Aspekte einer Vielzahl von Crowdsourcingaufgaben ab und zeigen sowohl die Vorteile als auch die Herausforderungen beim Einsatz von Crowdsourcing. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Digitalisierung und Globalisierung des Arbeitsmarkes ist es zu erwarten, dass Crowdsourcing in den nächsten Jahren noch weiter an Bedeutung gewinnt. Dies zeigt sich bereits daran, dass Crowdsourcingansätze mittlerweile vermehrt in Unternehmen oder im mobilen Umfeld eingesetzt werden. Die Modelle aus diesem Monograph, ermöglichen Plattformbetreibern eine Optimierung ihrer Systeme und Arbeitgebern eine Optimierung ihrer Arbeitsabläufe. Weiterhin helfen die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse das prinzipielle Verständnis von Crowdsourcingsystemen zu verbessern, was wiederum eine Grundvoraussetzung für das Erkennen von Anpassungsbedarf und Optimierungspotential ist

The recent technological revolution is forcing a great change in companies. A new startup program conceptualized as platform-based startup program was created to support startups with technological resources. Since current literature in the field of corporate-startup engagement is focused on the corporate point of view, this research brought the startup perspective collecting deeper insights on the outcomes of the program and the variables which moderate these outcomes. Thus, a qualitative research was developed to gather the motives for startups to apply for the program, the impacts felt from the program and the variables which influence those impacts. Nineteen interviews were generated with the three main actors (the platform program owner, the program promotion partners and the startups), being startups the main unit of analysis. The major findings of this research were the startup perspective towards the platform-based startup programs and the role of two moderator effects, the program access and the corporate local presence. It was possible to identify the technological and financial needs as the main drivers for applying to the program and to define the impacts on startup performance (i.e. product improvement, increase in sales, savings of financial resources, and the risk of technology dependency). The research contributes to the field of corporate-startup engagement, specifically regarding the how startups can leverage external corporate technological resources.
A recente revolução tecnológica tem forçado uma grande mudança nas empresas de todo o mundo. Para acompanhar esta revolução foi criado um programa de apoio a start-ups através de recursos tecnológicos denominado “platform-based startup program”. Sendo que o principal objetivo é gerar um maior conhecimento acerca dos impactos deste programa e das variáveis que moderam estes mesmos impactos. As principais conclusões deste estudo estão relacionadas com a perspectiva das start-ups em relação aos programas “platform-based startup”. Assim, foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo para descobrir os motivos das start-ups para se candidatarem ao programa, os impactos do programa e as variáveis que influenciam esses impactos. Foram analisadas dezenove entrevistas com os principais três actores deste tipo programa (a plataforma, os parceiros do programa e as start-ups), sendo as start-ups (14) a principal unidade de análise. Uma vez que, na atual literatura, a área de “corporate-startup engagement” está mais focada na perspectiva das grandes empresas, este estudo vem adicionar o ponto de vista das start-ups. Foram descobertos dois efeitos moderadores, o acesso ao programa e a presença local da grande empresa. Também foi possível identificar as necessidades tecnológicas e financeiras como os principais motivos para as start-ups se candidatarem ao programa e definir os impactos do programa na start-up (como a melhoria do produto; aumento de vendas; poupança de recursos financeiros; dependência tecnológica). Este estudo contribui para a área de “corporate-startup engagement”, especificamente sobre como as start-ups podem tirar vantagem de recursos tecnológicos de grandes empresas.

abstract: Public organizations have been interested in tapping into the creativity and passion of the public through the use of open innovation, which emphasizes bottom-up ideation and collaboration. A challenge for organizational adoption of open innovation is that the quick-start, bottom-up, iterative nature of open innovation does not integrate easily into the hierarchical, stability-oriented structure of most organizations. In order to realize the potential of open innovation, organizations must be willing to change the way they operate. This dissertation is a case study of how Arizona State University (ASU), has adapted its organizational structure and created unique programming to incorporate open innovation. ASU has made innovation, inclusion, access, and real world impact organizational priorities in its mission to be the New American University. The primarily focus of the case study is the experiential knowledge of administrative leaders and administrative intermediaries who have managed open innovation programming at the university over the past five years. Using theoretical pattern matching, administrator insights on open innovation adoption are illustrated in terms of design stages, teamwork, and ASU's culture of innovation. It is found that administrators view iterative experimentation with goals of impact as organizational priorities. Institutional support for iterative, experimental programming, along with the assumption that not every effort will be successful, empowers administrators to push to be bolder in their implementation of open innovation. Theoretical pattern matching also enabled a detailed study of administrator alignment regarding one particular open innovation program, the hybrid participatory platform 10,000 Solutions. Creating a successful and meaningful hybrid platform is much more complex than administrators anticipated at the outset. This chapter provides administrator insights in the design, management, and evaluation of participatory platforms. Next, demographic assessment of student participation in open innovation programming is presented. Demographics are found to be reflective of the university population and provide indicators for how to improve existing programming. This dissertation expands understanding of the task facing administrators in an organization seeking to integrate open innovation into their work.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Public Administration 2016

While crowdsourcing exists in some form for centuries, it came to prominence in the past two decades with seamless and affordable access to the internet. Today, crowds are a respectable innovation partner for many organizations across the globe. Their status is driven by Innomediaries, platforms with crowd-powered problem-solving strategy at their core, that connect organizations seeking solutions with networks of outside experts through so-called ‘challenges’ launched on their platforms. Although largely successful in problem-solving, for a fraction of challenges, once a solution emerges it becomes “unwanted” by the Seekers. There is a lack of knowledge explaining such situations and how to deal with them. This Work Project intends to fill this gap.

碩士
國立中興大學
科技管理研究所
107
This paper explores how companies use platform strategies to innovate and what platform strategies should companies adopt in different situations. Today many of successful companies utilized platform model to innovate, although some studies have shown the importance of innovation platform, there is a lack of studies investigating how to use different platform strategies to innovate. This paper attempts to address that gap by comparing several open innovation platforms. The findings indicate that open innovation platforms are significant mechanisms for facilitating and coordinating co-creation of innovation, managers need to need to understand the company''s position in the current market in order to choose the right open innovation platform strategy and consider the challenges they might face.

碩士
國立中興大學
科技管理研究所
105
Due to the rapid changes of the environment, various customer demand, and other social issues, company need to make some changes. The innovation activities can let the company overcome the dilemma. Open innovation was promoted because closed innovation is not enough for company to afford the variance of the business environment, and it should use some external ideas to maintain competitive advantages. Through analyzing the case study of Procter and Gamble (P&G), we find out that there is not appropriate for company to separate innovation models in dichotomy: open and closed. There seems to have the third one, half-open innovation, between open innovation and closed innovation. Thanks to the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as Internet, company is more willing to establish the faster, more convenient and trustable internet-platform to exchange information with others even with external parties. Companies can run the platform by themselves; moreover, they also can rely on the third party’s platform called intermediary to obtain external resources. However, when companies adopt open innovation, the requirements and even external factors will influence companies to make decisions and implement different platforms. This paper will discuss what difference in these platforms adopted in P&G when it doing open innovation. Through categorizing these three platforms in closed, half open and open innovation, we find out that openness, users and diversity of ideas in these platforms have different influence between each other. These differences can help companies to make decision to build appropriate platforms when adopting open innovation.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
企業管理系
102
While with the increasing intensive competition, many companies have already changed innovation strategies to break boundaries and cooperated with their customers, partners or even competitors outside the organizations. In recent years, under the open innovation trend, enterprises have to look for external cooperation to achieve innovation. Cross-sector strategic alliances or technology integration are employed to ensure competitiveness in the market place by enhancing their own creativity. The research on open innovation has been mushrooming since its introduction by Chesbrough and the scope has been broadened in different directions. The purpose of this research is to define and analyze the key success factors (KSF) for open innovation. Based on open innovation literature and TOE (technology–organization–environment) framework, this study develops a research model to investigate the determinants of open innovation. A hierarchy of KSFs is defined first by a combination of a literature review and a focus group discussion with experts who successfully implemented an inter-organizational open innovation project. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is then employed to rank the importance of these identified KSFs. The KSF hierarchy is constructed with two levels: a top-level consisting of 3 dimensions and a detailed-level consisting of 10 individual factors. The research shows that, in the top-level, Environment is the most critically successful dimension followed by Technology and Organization; whereas in the detailed-level, the Shared business strategies and values with partners, Complementarity, Top-down direction and encouragement are the top three critical successful factors.

碩士
中原大學
企業管理研究所
99
Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) play an important role in economy growth of Taiwan. However, facing globalization and low production and labor costs of China, SMEs in Taiwan have become more difficult to maintain their business. Chesbrough(2003) brought up the open innovation concept to solve the difficulties in innovation. And related researches of open innovation were published and applied in various industries later. Lee et al.(2010) applied this concept in SMEs, bringing up an intermediated network model to help SMEs build an network to commercialize their technology. This study uses this model to construct an intermediated network platform for Taiwan’s SMEs. This study uses factor analysis, finding out 7 main factors to construct this platform: 1. Market expansion support, 2. Market analysis service, 3. Competitive industry analysis service, 4. Staff function support, 5. General Management, finance and law consulting service, 6. Network Construction support, 7. Matching and strategy consulting service. Then use DEMATEL method to find the impact and relations between these 7 factors and MMDE method to find out the threshold value to filter the less important factors. Ranking the importance of the 7 factors, we get: 1. Market expansion support, 3. Competitive industry analysis service, 6. Network Construction support, 7. Matching and strategy consulting service, 2. Market analysis service, 5. General Management, finance and law consulting service, 4. Staff function support. The most influencing factor is 5. General Management, finance and law consulting service, and the most influenced factor are: 1. Market expansion support, 3. Competitive industry analysis service, and 7. Matching and strategy consulting service.

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
100
As organizations rely heavily on innovative knowledge from the academic research results, there is a growing need to implement an IT platform which can facilitate knowledge acquisition, assimilation and exploitation for practitioners. Recently National science council Taiwan has launched a project to develop the eTop (Engineering and Technology Promotion) platform which allows researchers to upload their research results and practitioners to browse the available research results based on their needs. In order to enhance the operation performance of the eTop, there is a need to investigate its business strategy. To address this issue, we followed the case study method to analyze the eTop context and provide suggestions. First, we clearly portray the eTop business model, and then we proposed a set of business strategies for eTop operation based on Metcalf’s Law, social media capabilities and intensive interview with eTop platform developers, researchers and practitioners. With these proposed strategies, the eTop managing team can have better understanding and preparation for eTop operation, and thereby enhance the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition, assimilation and exploitation for practitioners.

碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院資訊管理學程
106
Whether theories and technologies that have occurred in many different periods but have emerged can be accompanying by new problems, play a new role, and even develop into new theories and new models that advance with the times are the theme of this research. Theory, mode of escape from the shackles of the "actual domains", enter its "potential domains", with new "habitual domains", so this research through the restructure of existing models, strive to relieve the pressure of no any the "open innovation models" can be follow in service of platform economy. In order to avoid defocusing the research model due to the development of various theories, a ture example case will be use to verify this research model and balance the theory with practice. To this end, this paper develops and designs the theory of the "O.I.P.S.E.E." model, and studies the introduction of examples into this model, and outputs a new "platform economy business model", and uses the theory of combining "Canvas", "VPRC", and "PDCA" as the main analysis, evaluation, and improvement. Create a business model and achieve the verification of this research model theory. To demonstrate a new "economical business model of the digital convergence mobile VR smart education platform", how to save human resources, reduce costs, enhance the efficiency of education, and the "virtual technology" how influence the health promotion of "real patients" and more students by the same teacher at the same time. The contribution of this research is that the "O.I.P.S.E.E." model is including value creation and efficiency improvement. It can provide platform economic business pioneers get with it under the same conditions as corporate goals and organizational resource management, to release more available resources optimization.

Innovations in technology are changing not only everyday life for many individuals around the world but are also influencing the expansion of online learning opportunities at an accelerated rate (Collins & Halverson, 2018; Mah, 2016). Online learning platforms allow for scalability, flexibility, greater global access, and innovative and new ways to deliver education (Goodman, Melkers, & Pallais, 2019; Kizilcec et al., 2019). Enrollments in online learning programs and opportunities have seen significant growth in recent years (Seaman, Allen, & Seaman, 2018; U.S. Department of Education, 2018) with continued and steady growth expected into the future. The ubiquity and newness of new online learning formats present a challenge in linking research and practice. Through three separate academic papers, the following dissertation discusses and considers key questions and topics with regards to the use of digital badges and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), two types of emerging online innovations and platforms, and aspects of their efficacy. The three papers respectively 1) identify and discuss the theoretical and empirical foundations digital badges use in specific learners groups by reviewing current literature; 2) highlight the application of a use case in which digital badges have been implemented as a means to offer training; and 3) explore the perceptions of MOOC instructors toward quality learning in their courses in a case study. Conclusions are drawn and solutions as well as potential future directions for research and practice of discussed.

博士
國立清華大學
資訊系統與應用研究所
103
In the past few years, the emergence of disruptive innovative technologies, such as open online courses and mobile devices, has brought higher education a blend of behaviors from learners as well as opportunities and challenges. However, the related research is still in its infancy. Therefore, this dissertation presented a holistic perspective to explore the effectiveness of integrating open educational resources, platforms, and mobile devices. Six studies were conducted to understand how disruptive innovative technologies could be integrated in various educational settings. Study I and II redesigned and optimized the open online courses platform as well as the learning management system for cross-device learning. Studies III to VI were conducted in four different domains in terms of fundamental subjects (thermal physics), general education (art appreciation), physical education (physical education), and graduate programs (academic writing). The duration of this dissertation was five years. Each study lasted at least an entire semester. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were adopted in the dissertation. The triangulation method was used to improve the reliability of the study. Several valuable findings are concluded as follows: First, the open online course platform provides greater accessibility for learners with any device anywhere. A total of 466,429 visits with 264 different mobile devices from 146 territories have accessed the platform over twenty months. Second, with greater accessibility of open online courses, five different learning patterns, Face-to-Face, Web Facilitated, Alternative Blended, Online Learning, and Flipped Learning, were found in the thermal physics course to tailor the classroom to students’ needs. Third, disruptive innovative technologies could enhance learning performance and motivation in different domains. In the fundamental subjects, the learning performance of the blended learning patterns--Web Facilitated, Alternative Blended, and Flipped Learning--are higher than the tradition learning patterns--Face-to-Face and Online Learning. In general education, tablets could motivate students in art appreciation and motor skills compared with the conventional approach. In the graduate programs, adopting e-readers could facilitate students’ academic writing. Finally, this dissertation explored how disruptive innovative technologies could be applied in the context of higher education. The five learning patterns from the fundamental subject course can be the practical reference for instructors who intend to flip the lecture-based course. The WISER model was proposed in physical education which could further be applied in the related motor skill courses. In sum, the five year research of this dissertation unlocked the hidden potential of the disruptive innovative technologies for the different domain subjects in the context of higher education. This dissertation serves as a systematical and constructive reference for higher education institutes, instructors, students, and platform programmers. It can be further implemented into online degree programs, courses, and virtual universities.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
工業工程學研究所
104
Local Foundry TSMC in Taiwan is developing the deep sub-micro 7nm/10nm in year 2015 and has achieved the 16/28nm FINFET volume production with high speed, low power and cost effective to customers and become the largest revenue of worldwide wafer foundry. The overall Taiwan semiconductor foundries contribute total revenue over 50B USD. Despite the progress that has been achieved, most major foundries (TSMC, Intel, Samsung etc.) keep invest enormous capital expense (CAPEX) continuously on leading edge technology include mature (or specialty process) and new emerging Internet of Things (IoT) technology for booming business and new era of big data. Moreover, the leading technology for ultra-low power and sensors and System in Package (SiP) assembly need been integrated vertically with upstream equipment, material manufacturer and EDA tool vendor on supply chain through IP Alliance to serve the new opportunity by new advance process technologies and IC design open innovation ecosystem to speed up the design and shorten the product time to market. TSMC drives the open innovation platform in order to inject new process technology requirements into design ecosystem so the TSMC customers can design into TSMC technology early and have smoother and faster production. As the technology moving to most advance technology, the design requirements, challenges and complexity have been increasing dramatically. It’s difficult for customer to find out , validate and integrate by themselves. TMSC provide the platform to enable design ecosystem to find out solution. To validate their solutions, and to provide customers one-stop shopping solution. Such design platform deliverables includes design collaterals of qualified EDA tools and corresponding tech files , process design kits. DFM (design for manufacturing) data kits, reference flows, foundation IPs of standard cells, I/Os, memory compilers, foundation and specialty IPs. All customers use commercial EDA tools to design in TSMC process technology, and the majority and increasing number of customers use commercial IPs in their designs. That validated the importance of timely completion of design infrastructure through the collaboration with design ecosystem partners. The key to the success of design ecosystem partnership is enablement collaboration. Base on TSMC in-house design knowhow and expertise, the ecosystem act as the focal point for ecosystem partners to interface with TSMC process technology, bridges the gap between new technology and design requirements and ecosystem’s existing capabilities, identifies enhancements needs, provides partners with EDA ( electronic design automation) and IP enablement kits for customer to effectively implement the needed changes timely. As a result, TSMC and partners jointly create synergy combining innovation and strengths of the whole design ecosystem to collectively deliver complete solutions for customers to use. Recently TSMC announce 7nm process has entered try run phase and 16nm volume production number of tape outs has emerging much faster comparing to 28nm(HKMG) at the same time. Through Design ecosystem collaboration with partners and participated the upcoming design challenges associated with 7nm technology. On the EDA sides, the efforts include enhancement in various EDA tools, creation of tech files/PDKs associated with those tools, and design methodology innovation for customers to design in 7nm. On another IP sides, early availability of critical IPs with competitive PPA (power, performance and area) is the key to enable customer design work. Moreover, the interoperable design package for different design environments migration are essential to meet design accuracy also reduce the design cycle time and transaction cost and IP reusability. Building the ecosystem and partnership with trust remains one of the greatest problems within the open innovation platform by game theory, risk management and transfer cost to enhance the strength to resolve customer competition. The strategy of technology roadmap and design collaboration become challengeable and essential to practical methods of projects and partnership for all stakeholders with a relatively high rate of effectiveness. This study aims to build the entry barrier to keep leading position and to examine (1) qualified IP and design methodology to speed up the industrial development and product platform (2) the evolution of resource and information integration; (3) Eliminate potential risks and trust the proven design system to engage customers (4) resource planning by innovation and value service of design support. Case study methodology was conducted for this interview survey with CEO of semiconductor technology incorporation in Taiwan. Partnership, EDA flow and design environment and technology were observed as three principals in this investigation. Results reveal that the strengths of Open innovation platform action are (1) integrated modularized manufacturing ability; (2) Align core competence with customer; (3) setup value chain and alliance to build robust platform; (4) cost-effective customized products and design support. The findings were summarized as the following statements, the business strategy encompasses three dimensions: Interoperable design platform, core technology competence strengthening, and partnership and complementary establishment. The entire advanced open innovation system can be conveyed to emerging markets successfully. Driving process-design co-optimization to assure TSMC’s leadership in technology, and reducing design barriers for customer to adopt TSMC technology, design ecosystem is the platform for TSMC to actively engage the design ecosystem. This leverage TSMC superior ROI through design collaboration model, and has been proven to enable customers to achieve silicon success by synergizing the innovations TSMC & partners