Relevant bibliographies by topics / Open Hole Specimens

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Open Hole Specimens'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Open Hole Specimens"

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Fan, Xiang, Rui Chen, Hang Lin, Hongpeng Lai, Chunyang Zhang, and Qihua Zhao. "Cracking and Failure in Rock Specimen Containing Combined Flaw and Hole under Uniaxial Compression." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9818250.

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Flaw is a key factor influencing failure behavior of a fractured specimen. In the present study, rectangular-flawed specimens were prepared using sandstone to investigate the effect of flaw on failure behavior of rock. Open flaw and cylindrical hole were simultaneously precut within rock specimens using high-pressure water jet cutting technology. Five series of specimens including intact, single-hole-alone, two-hole-alone, single-hole and two-flaw, and two-hole and single-flaw blocks were prepared. Uniaxial compressive tests using a rigid servo control instrument were carried out to investigate the fracture processes of these flawed specimens. It is observed that during loading, internal stress always intensively distributed at both sidewalls of open hole, especially at midpoint of sidewalls, so rock crumb flaking was firstly observed among all sandstone specimens containing single hole or two holes. Cracking around open hole is associated with the flaw inclination angle which was observed in Series III and V. Crack easily initiated at the tips of flaw with inclination angles of 0°, 30°, and 60° but hard for 90° in Series III and V. Rock burst was the major failure mode among most tested specimens, which generally induced new cracks and finally created crater shape. Additionally, due to extrusion between blocks, new shear or tensile cracks were generated and the rock specimen surface spalled. Eventually, four typical failure processes including rock crumb flaking, crack initiation and propagation, rock burst, and second rupture, were summarized.
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Strungar, Elena, Dmitrii Lobanov, and Valery Wildemann. "Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Various Reinforcement Patterns for Structural Carbon Fibers to Open Holes during Tensile Tests." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 4287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244287.

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This paper is devoted to the experimental study of polymeric composite specimens, with various types of reinforcement, in order to evaluate the breaking strength of specimens with open holes when undergoing uniaxial compression and tensile tests. Four types of interlaced 3D woven preforms were considered (orthogonal, orthogonal combined, with pairwise inter-layer reinforcement, and with pairwise inter-layer reinforcement and a longitudinal layer), with a layered preform used for comparison. Tensile tests of solid specimens without a hole, under ASTM D 3039, and of specimens with an open hole, under ASTM D 5766, were carried out using the Instron 5989 universal electromechanical testing system. Movements and strains on the specimen surface were recorded using a Vic-3D contactless optical video system and the digital images correlation method (DIC). For all the series of carbon fiber tension specimens, strain and stress diagrams, mechanical characteristics, and statistical processing for 10 specimens were obtained. The paper evaluated deformation fields for certain points in time; the obtained fields showed an irregular distribution of deformation and dependency on types of reinforcing fibers. A coefficient of strength variation is introduced, which is defined as a ratio of the ultimate stress limits obtained on solid samples with and without open holes. Within the framework of ASTM D 5766, when calculating the ultimate stress, the hole is not taken into account, and the paper shows that for certain structures a hole cannot be excluded. The hole size must not be neglected when calculating the ultimate stress.
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Ivetic, Goran, Ivan Meneghin, and Enrico Troiani. "Numerical Analysis of Laser Shock Peening as a Process for Generation of Compressive Residual Stresses in Open Hole Specimens." Materials Science Forum 681 (March 2011): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.681.267.

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A numerical analysis of Laser Shock Peening (LSP) process is illustrated, applied to an open hole specimen. This specimen is representative of a section of an aircraft fuselage lap joint, typically prone to fatigue crack nucleation at the rivet holes. The effect of the residual stress field induced by LSP on the fatigue life of open hole specimens is investigated. The results show that significant compressive residual stresses can be introduced in fatigue sensitive areas using LSP, postponing fatigue crack nucleation.
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LIANG, SHUANGQIANG, QIHONG ZHOU, and GE CHEN. "Open hole size effects on tensile properties of 3D braided composites." Industria Textila 72, no. 05 (October 30, 2021): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.072.05.202010.

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Owing to the excellent integrated structure, notch-insensitivity, delamination-free characteristics, 3D braided composites have a broad range of engineering applications. In this paper, the notch size effects on two types of 3D braided composites were experimentally examined. Style I incorporated 40% of longitudinal lay-in yarns. Style II was the pure braids. The Point Stress Criterion (PSC) was applied to predict the open-hole strength of 3D braided composites. It is found the 3D braided composites can keep higher proportion residual strength after involving the different circular hole sizes compared to plain woven laminates. The open-hole pure braided specimen shows better performance than that the braids with longitudinal yarns, the lay-in longitudinal yarns improve neither specimens’ un-notched strength, nor the modulus. The predicted open-hole strength were compared with experimental results. The traditional analytical method can predict the open-hole strength of 3D braided composite to some extent. Under uniaxial tensile stress, the failure behaviour of two types of 3D braided specimens are different. For un-notched specimen, clear cracks usually show up on the Style II specimen, while it is not true for Style I coupon. For notched specimen, the crack of both notched specimens will propagate along the notch and finally render the specimen to fail
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Murdani, Anggit, Utsman Syah Amrullah, and R. N. Akhsanu Takwim. "Experimental investigation on strain behavior of jute/polyester composite with an open hole under axial loading." Jurnal Polimesin 21, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/jpl.v21i3.3931.

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Mechanical assembly requires joint mechanism involving fasteners and holes. Deformation of the holes will greatly affect the integrity of the mechanical joins. This research objective is to reveal the strain behavior of jute/polyester composite containing open hole under axial loading. It is very important to know the behavior of the strain surrounding the hole under loading. Experiments were carried out by preparing jute/polyester composites. The composites were manufactured by using a vacuum infusion method. There are two configurations of the number of laminations, i.e., 3 and 5 sheets and of hole sizes, i.e., 5 and 10mm holes. An axial load is applied to the specimen through a tensile test. Strain gauges are attached near the holes, axially and laterally. Strain in axial and lateral directions in the vicinity of a hole is recorded and presented. The research result shows that the strain gauges located parallel to the loading axis indicate a positivestrain value. On the other hand, the strain gauges located lateral to the loading axis indicate a negative value. Furthermore, the strain gauges located beside the hole in the direction parallel to the loading axis indicate the highest strain value in all types of specimens.
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Maimí, P., D. Trias, E. V. González, and J. Renart. "Nominal strength of quasi-brittle open hole specimens." Composites Science and Technology 72, no. 10 (June 2012): 1203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.04.004.

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Wang, Hongxiao, Xiaohui Zhang, and Yugang Duan. "Investigating the Effect of Low-Temperature Drilling Process on the Mechanical Behavior of CFRP." Polymers 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14051034.

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Previous research has found that lower temperature drilling is helpful to improve the hole quality of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). However, the influence of the lower temperature drilling process on the mechanical behavior of composites is yet not fully understood. To examine the influence of the lower temperature drilling process on the mechanical behavior of CFRP, the open hole CFRP specimens used for mechanical tests were obtained with three cases: drilling with −25 °C/uncoated carbide drills/(1000 rpm, 0.02 mm/r), 23 °C/coated carbide drills/(4000 rpm, 0.03 mm/r), and 23 °C/uncoated carbide drills/(1000 rpm, 0.02 mm/r), respectively; corresponding, three groups of open-hole specimens are obtained: specimens drilling at low-temperature with low damage, specimens drilling at room-temperature with low damage and specimens drilling at room-temperature with low damage; the mechanical behavior of the three groups specimens were obtained by static tensile, tensile–tensile fatigue cyclic tests and residual tensile strength test. The results have shown that the mechanical properties of specimens with a low-temperature drilling process is lower than those of the specimen with a normal drilling process due to the better drilling quality. The damage accumulation in specimens was increased with the damage degree of the original hole, the greater the damage degree, the worse the mechanical properties.
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Liang, Shuangqiang, Qihong Zhou, Haiyang Mei, Ge Chen, and Frank Ko. "Fatigue Behavior of 3D Braided Composites Containing an Open-Hole." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092147.

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The static and dynamic mechanical performances of notched and un-notched 3D braided composites were studied. The effect of longitudinal laid-in yarn was investigated in comparison with low braiding angle composites. The specimens were fatigue tested for up to millions of cycles, and the residual strength of the samples that survived millions of cycles was tested. The cross-section of the 3D braided specimens was observed after fatigue loading. It was found that the static and fatigue properties of low angle 3D braided behaved better than longitudinally reinforced 3D braided composites. For failure behavior, pure braids contain damage better and show less damage area than the braids with longitudinal yarns under fatigue loading. More cracks occurred in the 3D braided specimen with axial yarn cross-section along the longitudinal and transverse direction.
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Dave, Harshit K., Ashish R. Prajapati, Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit, Naushil H. Patadiya, and Harit K. Raval. "Open hole tensile testing of 3D printed parts using in-house fabricated PLA filament." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2019-0003.

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Purpose Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is being increasingly used in automotive and aerospace industries because of its ability to produce specimens having difficult geometrical shape. However, owing to lack of critical information regarding the reliability and mechanical properties of FDM-printed parts at various designs, the use of 3D printed parts in these industries is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of process parameters of FDM on the tensile strength of open-hole specimen printed using in-house-fabricated polylactic acid (PLA). Design/methodology/approach In the present study, three process parameters, namely, raster angle, layer thickness and raster width, are selected for investigation of tensile strength. To produce the tensile specimens in the FDM machine, the PLA filament is used which is fabricated from PLA granules using a single-screw extruder. Further, the experimental values are measured and critically analysed. Failure modes under tests are studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings Results indicate that the raster angle has a significant effect on the tensile strength of open-hole tensile specimen. Specimens built with 0° raster angle, 200-µm layer thickness and 500-µm raster width obtained maximum tensile strength. Originality/value In this work, a new concept of testing a plate that has a rectangular shape and a circular hole at the centre is tested. Open-hole tensile test standard ASTM D5766 has been implemented for the first time for the FDM process.
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Gaerke, J., X. Zhang, and Z. Wang. "Life enhancement of fatigue-aged fastener holes using the cold expansion process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 214, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954410001532060.

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This paper examines the benefits of cold expanding fastener holes at various stages of the fatigue life in a 2024-T351 low-load transfer joint. The specimens were pre-cycled to 25, 50 and 75 per cent of the baseline fatigue life of a non-expanded specimen and then cold expanded prior to cycling to final failure. The experimental test was designed to provide a close comparison with standard maintenance practices for aircraft structures and used the FALSTAFF spectrum which was derived from actual flight loading. The test results have indicated that part-life cold expansion can provide substantial improvements in fatigue life, but the actual benefit is dependent upon the degree of precycling and he length of existing cracks when the specimen is cold expanded. Additionally, tests on open hole specimens of the same material and thickness were also carried out, with attempts being made to predict the crack growth lives of these specimes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Open Hole Specimens"

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Peignon, Axel. "Contribution au développement de méthodes de caractérisation et de modélisation de LVL de peuplier en vue de leur usage dans la mobilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEI017.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le projet « BOOST » (acronyme de « le BOis pOur les STructures des véhicules ») financé par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR). Il s’agit d’un Projet de Recherche Collaboratif entre l’ICA (Institut Clément Ader) à Toulouse et le LaBoMaP (LaBoratoire des Matériaux et Procédés) à Cluny.Le bois est une ressource locale, à très faible empreinte carbone et renouvelable. Largement utilisé dans l’aéronautique, mais aussi dans l’automobile en tant que structure travaillante dans le passé, son réemploi devient aujourd’hui un enjeu de la bioéconomie (Mair-Bauernfeind et al., 2020; Skullestad et al., 2016). Dans ce domaine, des travaux récents montrent que le bois est un matériau « crédible » pour la substitution de matériaux métalliques dans les structures de véhicules (Baumann et al., 2020).Les résultats antérieurs de l’Institut Clément Ader démontrent les très bonnes qualités mécaniques du bois, et notamment du contreplaqué associé à des peaux métalliques ou composites en statique, impact et crash (Guélou, 2021; Susainathan, 2017). Le LaBoMaP a pour sa part développé une méthode d’identification optique de l’orientation des fibres de chaque pli déroulé composant le contreplaqué (Duriot, 2021; Viguier et al., 2018). L’objectif scientifique de cette thèse est donc de :- Caractériser des LVL de peuplier, tout en caractérisant l’effet de la pente de fil, l’influence du nombre de plis et d’autres caractéristiques propres au LVL ;- Caractériser les interfaces collées dans le LVL en étudiant l’influence de l’orientation des plis à cette même interface ;- Étudier l’effet de la présence d’un trou sur le comportement mécanique des LVL, première étape pour définir une méthode de dimensionnement des jonctions dans les LVL.En effet, dans la perspective de démontrer l’intérêt des structures bois pour les moyens de transport, il n’est pas possible de se limiter à la caractérisation de matériaux élémentaires et à une stratégie de modélisation éprouvée au niveau du coupon seul. Comme pour la certification des structures aéronautiques, une démarche multiniveaux de type « pyramide des essais » semble pertinente. Aussi, il est primordial de caractériser au mieux le comportement du LVL. Les essais sur éprouvettes trouées ont été choisis, car ils sont utilisés dans de nombreux domaines et n’ont pratiquement pas été étudiés dans les contreplaqués. De plus, ils sont un premier pas vers la caractérisation de jonctions boulonnées et d’assemblages plus complexes. Au travers de ces essais, de nombreuses similitudes, mais aussi des différences significatives ont été observées entre le LVL et les matériaux composites synthétiques. Des modèles numériques élémentaires, s’inspirant de modèles de matériaux composites, ont aussi été proposés dans ces travaux pour appréhender le comportement mécanique spécifique du LVL
This thesis is part of the "BOOST" project (an acronym for "le BOis pOur les STructures des véhicules") funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR). This is a Collaborative Research Project between ICA (Institut Clément Ader) in Toulouse and LaBoMaP (LaBoratoire des Matériaux et Procédés) in Cluny.Wood is a local, renewable resource with a very low carbon footprint. Widely used in aeronautics but also in automobiles as a working structure in the past, its reuse today is becoming a challenge for the bioeconomy (Mair-Bauernfeind et al., 2020; Skullestad et al., 2016). In this field, recent work shows that wood is a "credible" material for the substitution of metallic materials in vehicle structures (Baumann et al., 2020).Previous results from the Institut Clément Ader demonstrate excellent mechanical qualities of wood, and in particular plywood combined with metal or composite skins in static, impact, and crash tests (Guélou, 2021; Susainathan, 2017). For its part, LaBoMaP has developed a method for optically identifying the fiber orientation of each peeled ply making up plywood (Duriot, 2021; Viguier et al., 2018). The scientific objective of this thesis is therefore to:- Characterize poplar LVLs, while characterizing the effect of yarn slopes, the influence of the number of plies, and other LVL-specific characteristics;- Characterize bonded interfaces in LVL, studying the influence of ply orientation at the same interface;- Study the effect of the presence of a hole in the mechanical behavior of LVLs, the first step towards defining a method for dimensioning junctions in LVLs.Indeed, to demonstrate the value of wood structures for the transport industry, it is not possible to limit ourselves to elementary material characterization and elementary modeling strategy. As with the certification of aeronautical structures, a multi-level "test pyramid" approach seems appropriate. It is therefore essential to characterize LVL behavior as accurately as possible. Testing on open-hole specimens was chosen because it is used in many fields and has hardly been studied in plywood or LVL. In addition, they are a first step towards characterizing bolted joints and more complex assemblies. Through these tests, many similarities and significant differences were observed between LVL and synthetic composite materials. Elementary numerical models, inspired by composite material models, were also proposed in this work to apprehend the specific mechanical behavior of LVL
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Kolachalama, Annapurna Keshavnarayana Suresh Raju. "Failure mechanisms and energy dissipation in composite off-axis tension specimens with open holes." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/1143.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering.
"May 2007." Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 27, 2007). Thesis adviser: Suresh Raju Keshavnarayana. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 106-111).
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Kolachalama, Annapurna. "Failure mechanisms and energy dissipation in composite off-axis tension specimens with open holes." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1143.

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Predicting failure of fabric composite laminates in the presence of flaws such as cracks and stress raisers has been an important research problem for the last two decades. Most of the existing models for predicating notched strength are of a ‘cure fit’ nature, wherein the model parameters e.g. characteristic distance or damage zone sizes are chosen so as to fit the experimental data. Such parameters have been shown to depend on notch size and laminate orientation, and as such, cannot be considered material constants for the composite system. The energy dissipation is a physical phenomenon that captures the collective behavior of the failure mechanisms without requiring an explicit knowledge of the mechanisms, and it can also be related to local stiffness changes, leading to a form of nonlinear structural behavior. An approach to characterize failure behavior and degree of load induced internal damage in single lamina of satin weave fabric with off-axis loading and having a central notch is proposed. From the experimental results it was found that energy absorption for notched and un notched woven fabric composite is a function of fiber orientation and notch size. Energy absorption increases as the fiber orientation increases but decreases with increase in the notch size. The failure loads for hysteresis loading were about the same as that of one time loading, indicating that no damage growth occurred due to unloading and subsequent reloading. The energy density is directly proportional to fiber orientation indicating that higher energy densities for higher off-axis angles. The failure modes and the fracture propagating direction for the off-axis notched specimen were very much dependent on the fiber orientation. Recommendations were made for future work for the determination energy absorption characteristics, from lamina level to laminate level and for different weave types.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
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Books on the topic "Open Hole Specimens"

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artnoose. Ker-bloom!: Typewriters, tools & open-heart surgeries. Oakland, CA: Artnoose publications, 1998.

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Publishers, Thomas Nelson, ed. The Open Bible: New King James Version. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1997.

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Baum, L. Frank. The wonderful Wizard of Oz. New York: Bantam Books, 1990.

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Baum, L. Frank. The Wizard of Oz. New York: JellyBean Press, 1991.

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Baum, L. Frank. The wizard of Oz. Parsippany, NJ: Unicorn Pub. House, 1985.

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Baum, L. Frank. L. Frank Baum's The wonderful Wizard of Oz. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

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Baum, L. Frank. The Wizard of Oz. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Barnes & Noble, Inc., 2013.

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Baum, L. Frank. The wonderful wizard of Oz. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications, 2002.

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Baum, L. Frank. The wonderful Wizard of Oz. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2012.

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Wolstenholme, Susan, ed. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Open Hole Specimens"

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Lacombe, Alexandra, Yann Landon, Manuel Paredes, Clément Chirol, and Audrey Benaben. "Influence of the Hole Surface Integrity on the Fatigue Strength of an Aluminium Drilled Part." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 34–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_7.

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AbstractFatigue strengths of aluminium 2024-T351 open-hole specimens drilled by axial and orbital drilling processes are compared. Two drilling diameters (Ø) are studied: 6.35 mm and 9.53 mm. Surface integrity characterization tests are conducted in order to study the link between drilling processes, surface integrity and fatigue life. Fatigue test results show an increase of the fatigue life for specimens drilled by axial drilling for Ø = 9.53 mm and no significant difference in fatigue life between the two drilling processes for Ø = 6.35 mm. Surface integrity results show no impact of the roughness on the fatigue strength but a potential positive influence of the hole microhardness on the fatigue life.
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Ivetic, G., I. Meneghin, E. Troiani, G. Molinari, A. Lanciotti, V. Ristori, J. L. Ocaña, et al. "Characterisation of Fatigue and Crack Propagation in Laser Shock Peened Open Hole 7075-T73 Aluminium Specimens." In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives, 855–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1664-3_66.

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Almeida, Hermione De. "Reading the Faces of Pain." In Romantic Medicine and John Keats, 54–58. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195063073.003.0005.

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Abstract Faces, expressions bearing the full ranges from joy to sorrow, from innocence to knowledge, of human, natural, and mythic forms, dot the landscape of Keats’s poetry. Early lyrics invoke the “open face of heaven” and “the half -veil’d face of heaven” (“To one who has been long in city pent,” 3, “To Hope,” 45); Spenser is invoked as a “clear sun-rise” because his brows “are arched, open, kind,” and George Felton Mathew’s goodness mirrors “The placid features of a human face” (“Specimen,” 49, “To George F.
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Conference papers on the topic "Open Hole Specimens"

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Joseph, Ashith P. K., Anthony M. Waas, Wooseok Ji, Evan J. Pineda, Salvatore L. Liguore, and Steven P. Wanthal. "Progressive Damage and Failure Prediction of Open Hole Tension and Open Hole Compression Specimens." In 56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0466.

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Zhang, Zhiyuan, Yuqiu Yang, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Mechanical Property of Glass Mat Composite With Open Hole." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87270.

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In using process, joints and fasteners always became the weakest area around holes and easy to generate initial damage. At current study, glass chopped fiber mat and unsaturated polyester were used to fabricate glass mat composite (GMC) plates. The influence of open-hole on mechanical property was investigated from tensile test. The decreasing ratio of notched strength from unnotched strength was compared with different size of holes to evaluate the influence of holes size on the sensitivity of GMC. Two sizes of drills, were employed to make drilling hole on the materials. Different damage areas in notched specimens were distinguished. Finally, in order to describe the property of GMC in resistance on open holes, the concept of characteristic distance was introduced. The values were calculated by finite element analysis software (MSC-Marc.) in linear elastic method. Furthermore, the characteristic distance was found that it had a good correspondence with damage characteristics.
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Croccolo, D., M. De Agostinis, and G. Olmi. "Fatigue Life Improvement of Holed Plates by Interference Fitted Pins." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86118.

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This paper deals with the influence of interference fit coupling on the fatigue strength of holed plates. The effect was investigated both experimentally and numerically. Axial fatigue tests have been carried out on holed specimens made of special microalloyed-steel (896MPa of Ultimate strength and 640MPa of Yield strength) with or without a pin, made of the same material, press fitted into their central hole. Two different conditions have been investigated: the open hole specimens and specimens with 0.6% of nominal specific interference. The experimental stress-life (SN) curves pointed out an increased fatigue strength of the interference fit specimens compared with the open hole ones. The numerical investigation was performed in order to analyse the stress field by applying an elastic plastic 2D simulation with commercial Finite Element software. The stress history and distribution around the interference fitted hole, indicates a significant reduction of the local stress amplitude produced by the external loading (remote stress) since a residual stress field is generated by the pin insertion.
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Mollenhauer, David, Daniel Post, and Kenneth Reifsnider. "Moiré Interferometry Measurements of Interlaminar Deformation at an Open Hole in Laminated Composite Materials." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1196.

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Abstract The deformation on cylindrical surfaces of holes in tensile-loaded laminated composite specimens was measured using new moiré interferometry techniques. Two composite tensile specimens, fabricated from IM7/5250-4 pre-preg with ply layups of [0°4/90°4]3s and [+30°2/-30°2/90°4]3s, were examined using the newly developed moiré interferometry techniques. Circumferential and thickness direction displacement fringe patterns (each 3° wide) were assembled into 90°-wide mosaics around the hole periphery for both composite specimens. Distributions of strain were calculated with high confidence on a sub-ply basis at select angular locations. Measured strain behavior was complex and displayed ply-by-ply treands. Large ply-related variations in the circumferential strain were observed at certain angular locations around the periphery of the holes in both composites. Extremely large ply-by-ply variations of the shear strain were also documented in both composites. Peak values of shear strain approached 30 times the applied far-field axial strain. Post-loaded viscoelastic shearing strains were recorded that were associated with the regions of large load-induced shearing strains. Large ply-group related variations in the thickness direction strain were observed in the [+30°2/-30°2/90°4]3s specimen. An important large-scale trend was observed where the thickness direction strain tended to be more tensile near the outside faces of the laminate than near the mid-ply region. The measured strains were compared with the three-dimensional analysis technique known as Spline Variational Elastic Laminate Technology (SVELT), resulting in a very close match and corroborating the usefulness of SVELT.
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McDonald, Joseph, Donyeong Lee, and Ichiro Taketa. "Impact of Stacking Sequence and Size Effects on Open Hole Compressive Performance." In ASME 2024 Aerospace Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ssdm2024-120908.

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Abstract Open hole compression testing is one of the most common evaluations of aerospace-grade composite materials and serves as an important allowable design value. The test utilizes quasi-isotropic laminates. Test results for these laminates are influenced by ply count and stacking sequence changes. Previous studies have focused on the impact of ply vs sub-laminate scaling on notched specimen size effects and resulting strength predictions. Studies analyzing OHC and other compressive testing with stress intensifications have observed the impacts of 0- & 90-degree ply location, however only when considering one thickness of specimen. Resulting in a reference base where altered locations of 0- & 90-degree plies within the laminates are not considered simultaneously to size effects. This study focused evaluating both size and center ply effects on OHC performance using the Toray T1100G/3960 toughened prepreg system. Quasi-isotropic laminates of [+45/0/−45/90]NS and [+45/90/−45/0]NS, with N ranging from 1–4, were chosen to create a varied range of thicknesses still commonly seen in test campaigns. Each laminate composition had four panels manufactured for testing two sets of specimens at two test conditions. The first sample for each laminate type was tested to full failure. The second sample had specimens tested to increasing percentages of the average failure load for that laminate type. Interrupted test coupons were analyzed to evaluate damage propagation for test condition, ply count and stacking sequence variations. Using both the compressive strength results from complete testing and damage area analysis from interrupted testing, a deeper understanding of size and stacking sequence effects can be gained. The repetition of tests for both room temperature ambient and elevated temperature wet conditioned coupons expands the observation of stacking sequence and size effects is to the most common test conditions. The data collected provides an important overall evaluation of these factors on past test campaigns as choices in ply count and stacking sequence choices varied over time.
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Joseph, Ashith P. K., Anthony M. Waas, and Evan J. Pineda. "The EST Model for Predicting Progressive Damage and Failure of Open Hole Bending Specimens." In 57th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0730.

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Bartan, Busra, Bülent Acar, and Altan Kayran. "Three-Dimensional Delamination Analysis in Composite Open Hole Tensile Specimens with Cohesive Zone Method." In 57th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0980.

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Ceparano, Angelo, and Raffaella Dell’Aversano. "Predicting the residual strength of open-hole (OH) composite specimens subjected to cyclic loading." In VIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949709.

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Hallett, Stephen, Wen-Guang Jiang, and Michael Wisnom. "The Effect of Stacking Sequence on Thickness Scaling of Tests on Open Hole Tensile Composite Specimens." In 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2334.

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HOOS, KEVIN H., HARI K. ADLURU, ERIC ZHOU, CARL POPELAR, M. KEITH BALLARD, ENDEL V. IARVE, and DAVID MOLLENHAUER. "PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF OPEN HOLE COMPRESSION SPECIMENS CONTAINING COMPLEX 3D TEXTILE ARCHITECTURES USING DISCRETE DAMAGE MODELING AND INDEPENDENT MESH METHOD." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Eighth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc38/36667.

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Discrete Damage Modeling (DDM) and Independent Mesh Method (IMM) are applied to progressive damage analysis in angle-interlock woven 3D textile composites with open hole loaded in uniaxial compression. The predictions were made by considering, geometrically nonlinear formulation, thermal residual stresses and compression-shear interaction in the tows in the framework of LaRC04 failure criterion. The effects of each of these consideration as well as their combinations was evaluated and concluded that while each separately has only an incremental effect it is their combined effect that resulted in accurate prediction of the warp direction open hole compression strength in angle-interlock woven 3D textile.
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