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1
WEIR, TONY. "SUICIDE IN CUSTODY." Cambridge Law Journal 57, no. 2 (July 1998): 235–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197398240013.
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Remanded in custody on charges of fraud and failure to answer to bail, Martin Lynch, 29 years old, was placed in a very bare cell at Kentish Town Police Station just before one o'clock on 23 March 1990. The doctor called by the police, who knew that he was a suicide risk and had consequently removed his belt, thought him quite sane. At 1.57 p.m. the police checked his well-being, but on the next visit only eight minutes later he was found irremediably unconscious: he had hanged himself by threading his shirt through the hatch in the door and the much smaller spy-hole above it. This was possible only because the glass lens was missing from the spy-hole and the flap of the hatch had been left open, contrary to standing orders.
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Pettersson, Tove. "Open custody for criminal youth hold back re-offending." Sociologisk Forskning 54, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37062/sf.54.18238.
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In Sweden, youths who commit very serious offences are sentenced to youth custody. This article addresses issues relating to how these children experience being incarcerated, the significance of custodial openness for their everyday institutional lives, and how the experience of more open custodial forms during youth custody sentences is related to re-offending. The empirical data provide support for the significance of more open custodial forms as a means of both providing incarcerated youths with a less destructive environment and increasing the likelihood of more positive re-offending outcomes following their release.
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Bastaits, Kim, and Inge Pasteels. "Is joint physical custody in the best interests of the child? Parent–child relationships and custodial arrangements." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 11-12 (March 31, 2019): 3752–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519838071.
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When thinking about custodial arrangements after a divorce, there has been a shift from sole custody (mainly by mothers) to joint physical custody after a divorce. In certain countries, joint physical custody has even become the primary, legal custodial arrangement. Joint physical custody, whether implemented in legislation or not, is believed to be in the best interests of the child, as children can shape a postdivorce relationship with both their mother and father. Nevertheless, many studies on joint physical custody focus only on child outcomes. This study aims to investigate (1) whether custodial arrangements matter in addition to the parental divorce for parent–child relationships and (2) whether joint physical custody provides a better framework for parent–child relationships than sole custody arrangements. The study adds to the existing literature by including both the mother–child relationship and the father–child relationship. Moreover, joint physical custody is not only compared to sole maternal custody, but also to sole paternal custody. Using a dyadic subsample of Belgian parents and children from the Divorce in Flanders data set ( N = 623), we compare two indicators of the parent–child relationship (parent–child communication and parenting) for children with married parents, with children in joint physical custody, sole maternal custody, and sole paternal custody. The results indicate that (1) the custodial arrangements after divorce affect parent–child relationships, in addition to the divorce, with regard to both open and problematic father–child communications and the support and control of children by mothers and fathers; and (2) joint physical custody, compared with sole custody (either by the mother or father), provides a better framework to shape a postdivorce parent–child relationship with both parents in terms of open communications and support.
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MIČKOVÁ, ZUZANA. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF TRUST AND COMMUNICATION IN ADOLESCENTS TOWARDS PARENTS IN A POST-DIVORCE FAMILY ARRANGEMENT." AD ALTA: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33543/0901191196.
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The study examines the relationship of trust and communication in adolescents and their parents in divorced families. Attention is focused on the comparison of these factors in families with sole and shared custody. The research sample consisted of (N = 76, sole custody N = 48, joint custody N = 28, AM = 11.5). In order to find out the openness in communication (Hargašová, Kollárik, 1986), emotional attachment to parents (Armsden, Greenberg, 1987). Administration and anamnestic data were obtained in counseling-psychological centers with the full consent of parents. In shared care there is a positive, truthful and open relationship towards both parents.
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Coleman, Marilyn, Lawrence H. Ganong, Timothy S. Killian, and Annette Kusgen McDaniel. "Mom's House? Dad's House? Attitudes toward Physical Custody Changes." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 79, no. 2 (April 1998): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.1821.
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Normative beliefs regarding postdivorce changes in the physical custody of children were examined. Four hundred and eighty randomly selected adults responded to a vignette about a divorced couple and their 16-year-old child. Conditions in the vignette included child gender, legal custody arrangements, and marital status. Quantitative and open-ended data were collected. Several themes emerged: (a) the parenting ability and lifestyle of fathers are suspect, (b) fathers are more obligated to sons than to daughters, (c) mothers are more obligated than fathers to take their children in when the children want to move, and (d) children's motivations for changing residences are important considerations. Implications for future research and legal custody decisions are discussed.
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Galdyn, Piotr. "Próba określenia roli i miejsca pieczy naprzemiennej w polskim prawie rodzinnym." Forum Prawnicze, no. 2(76) (April 30, 2023): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32082/fp.2(76).2023.432.
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The article focuses on alternating custody as one of the acceptable forms of childcare by the divorced or separated parents in the system of Polish family law. Alternating custody system, introduced in 2015, has become a real turning point in the family law. Changes in the Polish legal order, already initiated in the Family and Guardianship Code of 1964, allow the transition from the judicial model, referred to as "leave - limit" parental authority to both parents, to solutions that allow the introduction of a real balance and equal treatment of parents holding joint and full parental responsibility. Such shift will open the way to predestinate custody of a child in alternating periods of time.
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Susan Penfold, P. "Mendacious Moms or Devious Dads? Some Perplexing Issues in Child Custody/Sexual Abuse Allegation Disputes." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 6 (August 1995): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379504000610.
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Objective To explore relevant literature about sexual abuse allegations arising in child custody disputes. Method A literature review of false allegations is given and the contribution of gender bias to this issue is discussed. The role a child psychiatrist may play in such cases is outlined. Results Contrary to much popular and professional opinion, sexual abuse allegations are found in only 2% of child custody disputes, and, of these, 8% to 16.5% are false. While false allegations arise for a variety of reasons, the word “false” can imply both erroneous and deceitful activities. This ambiguity, along with gender bias, may lead to disbelief of, and blame towards, parents who report sexual abuse in the context of a dispute about custody or access. Conclusion The child psychiatrist who testifies in such custody disputes should have caution, humility, and an open mind both in the courtroom and in dealing with other professionals working in this area.
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Kaliman, M. "The mechanism for ensuring human rights and freedoms during police custody." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 77 (July 13, 2023): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.77.2.10.
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The scientific article was written with the aim of determining the mechanism of ensuring human rights and freedoms during police custody and the problem of its implementation in practice.
Under the mechanism of ensuring human rights and freedoms during police custody, it is proposed to understand the system of guarantees for ensuring human rights and freedoms, defined by international and domestic normative legal acts. Attention is focused on the constituent elements of the mechanism for ensuring human rights and freedoms during police custody.
The work defines ways of ensuring human rights by the police during police custody. The author singles out some problems of the implementation of police care in practice and offers ways to solve them.
The question of the use of force and special means by policemen during police custody is defined as debatable. Police custody is proposed to be understood as a measure that has a transitional nature from preventive to coercive. The question of whether police custody belongs to the types of police measures is considered open.
As a problematic point, the lack of numbering of police custody protocols is highlighted. It is proposed to supplement section II of the Instructions for the preparation of materials on the application of police custody with paragraph 1-1, which would provide for the presence of a protocol series and number.
Emphasis is placed on the lack of a clear definition of the appeal stage during the implementation of police custody. It is proposed to supplement the Instructions for the preparation of materials on the use of police custody with section IV "Appeals of Protocols".
The author emphasizes that the technical recording of a policeman's actions should become a mandatory element of his activity. It is proposed to delete the words "if technically possible" in Clause 6 of Chapter II of the Instructions for the preparation of materials on the use of police custody.
Outlined in the scientific article, the problems of the registration of police care are only the basis for further scientific research, which should clearly define the type of police measure of police care, the problems of its implementation taking into account the people-centered approach in the activities of the National Police, as well as ways to solve the identified problems by making changes to normative legal acts.
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Kamińska, Katarzyna. "From Maternal Preference to Shared Parenting: Child’s Well-Being. Lessons from the USA." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 105 (December 22, 2023): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.105.12.
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The article concerns parenting after divorce or separation within the context of social changes. Special attention is paid to the principle of the welfare of the child, which is the most important criterion for deciding child custody. The child’s welfare is an open concept that grants a wide discretion to courts in choosing the best custodial arrangement for a child in a particular case. In this context, reference was made to the American experience on parenting after family break-up, separation or divorce. In the USA different theories were developed to explain which parenting model best fulfils the principle of the child’s welfare. This article discusses the tender years doctrine, primary care-taker preference, psychological parent doctrine and approximation rule. After a divorce, a mother was usually granted custody and a father paid child-support. He was placed in the background and excluded from the daily activities of his child. Currently, the theory of mother-nurturer and father-breadwinner is coming to an end; the father is no longer the only breadwinner responsible for providing the family an adequate standard for living, and the mother is no longer primarily responsible for the duties of childrearing and household chores. The changes taking place are reflected in struggling for equal treatment in the award of custody and abandoning the stereotypical approaches based on awarding custody automatically to mothers. A significant rise in the number of parents entering into joint custody arrangements is observed.
10
Sikora, Renata. "Risk behaviors at late childhood and early adolescence as predictors of depression symptoms." Current Problems of Psychiatry 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpp-2016-0018.
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AbstractThe study aims to answer following questions: (1) What are the risk behaviors among children at late childhood and early stage of adolescence? (2) What are the differences between boys and girls concerning problem behaviors? (3) Do risk behaviors predict symptoms of depression? Participants fulfilled the set of three tools: (1) Children Depression Inventory authored by M. Kovacs (1992); (2) List of experienced risk behaviors and (3) List of open questions concerning the knowledge and experience with smart drugs. The study group consisted of 130 boys and girls attending the fifth and sixth grade of primary school. The study shows differences between boys’ and girls’ risk behaviors, as well as the similarities. The findings indicate that gender-related disparities in problem behaviors exist even at the early stages of puberty. Boys under one parent custody declare significantly more risk behaviors than girls under one parent custody. Finally, the symptoms of depression were predicted by cumulative number of risk behaviors and – on tendency level – by type of parental custody.
11
Johnson, Christine, Jeanette Smith, Geoff Stainer, and Martin Donovan. "Mildly mentally handicapped offenders: an alternative to custody." Psychiatric Bulletin 17, no. 4 (April 1993): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.4.199.
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Concern is increasingly being expressed about the lack of provision for mentally disordered offenders, who by default end up within the penal system. Gunn et al (1991) in a study of sentenced prisoners identified a significant number who were mentally disordered to be in need of psychiatric treatment. Among these, 0.4% were considered to be mentally handicapped. Recent reports have emphasised the importance of diverting these individuals from the criminal justice system (Woolf & Tumin, 1991; Home Office, 1990; British Medical Association, 1990). However, the majority of such offenders do not fulfil the criteria for admission to hospital under the Mental Health Act 1983. Most are not overtly mentally ill and do not require treatment in conditions of medium security such as exist in regional secure units. However, it is not clear what provision there should be for such individuals. Smith (1988) described an open forensic unit for mildly mentally handicapped offenders (the Leander Unit). She concluded that there was a need for a specialised service to cater for these patients, who were neither appropriately nor adequately provided for by the general psychiatric services, the mentally handicapped services, regional secure units or special hospitals. Unfortunately, in practice there are very few facilities for this group of patients.
12
Valliant, Paul M., Brent Jensen, and Lynne Raven-Brook. "Brief Cognitive Behavioural Therapy with Male Adolescent Offenders in Open Custody or on Probation: An Evaluation of Management of Anger." Psychological Reports 76, no. 3 (June 1995): 1056–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.3.1056.
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A 6-wk. cognitive behavioural program administered to 24 adolescent male offenders assigned to open custody and 5 to probation showed no mean differences on the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. Significant correlations were found for the personality measures with pretreatment and posttreatment scores on the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory.
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Dalla Pellegrina, Lucia, and Margherita Saraceno. "Does the open-cell regime foster inmates’ legal capability? Evidence from two Italian prisons." European Journal of Law and Economics 52, no. 1 (May 29, 2021): 89–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10657-021-09701-w.
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AbstractEvidence emerging from our novel in-prison survey shows that non-criminal legal problems of prison inmates mainly relate to family law matters, contract liability, and administrative procedures. The rate of subjects who face legal issues increases after imprisonment. Employing logit estimation techniques, we test the hypothesis according to which isolation due to imprisonment obstructs legal problem resolution. Results suggest that the open-cell regime has increased the rate of resolution of some family-related problems (divorce and child custody) while not affecting others (legacy issues). Similarly, while common problems with the public administration seem easier to solve under the open-cell regime, those related to contract liability do not. We infer that the open-cell regime may support the resolution of legal problems that usually require standardised approaches. Policy implications supporting the open-cell regime follow.
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Cawthorne, Jon E. "Mountains to climb: Leadership for sustainable change in scholarly communication." College & Research Libraries News 81, no. 8 (September 3, 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.81.8.374.
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We live in complex, challenging times. In March 2020 a novel coronavirus called COVID-19 transformed our lives. Then, several months into shelter-in-place orders for the virus, George Floyd was killed in police custody. For weeks we saw Black Lives Matter protests around the world demanding change. Floyd’s death inspired new, open discussions about oppression, systemic racism, and the current and historical injustices faced by Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC).
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Rahman, Md Mukhlesur, Toufiq Ahmed, and Kunio Shirahada. "Value Co-Creation in Archival Resources." International Journal of Library and Information Services 6, no. 2 (July 2017): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijlis.2017070104.
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The National Archives of Bangladesh (NAB) evolved to ensure official custody and physical safety to the archives of Bangladesh. NAB initiated a digitization programme to provide open access to archives. The study focused on different aspects of NAB's open access project in the light of value co-creation perspective. The study is based on review of literature, computation of secondary information and treatment of primary data collected through semi-structured interview. The study identified that all the value co-creation components are available in NAB's open access project but working framework is invisible. Hence, the study proposed a model for value co-creation through balancing resource security and user demand. Hence, the study may help software developers and other archival institutions in designing and implementing open access to their respective organizations' resources. This paper serves as an example to archival institutions that are in the beginning phases of open access research and development.
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Premanand Narasimhan and Dr.N.Kala. "Ensuring the Integrity of Digital Evidence: The Role of the Chain of Custody in Digital Forensics." International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10, no. 6 (December 12, 2024): 2438–50. https://doi.org/10.32628/cseit2410612443.
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The Chain of Custody (CoC) is a critical procedural safeguard in digital forensics, ensuring the reliability, credibility, and admissibility of digital evidence in legal proceedings. This paper explores the significance, stages, and challenges associated with maintaining a robust CoC. Through case studies and best practices, the paper underscores how adherence to CoC principles sustains the integrity of forensic investigations. References from books, journals, blogs, YouTube, Open Educational Resources (OERs), government and private reports enrich the discussion.
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Wright, Danaya C. "De Manneville v. De Manneville: Rethinking the Birth of Custody Law under Patriarchy." Law and History Review 17, no. 2 (1999): 247–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744012.
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In 1804 Leonard De Manneville, a poor French emigrant to England, forcibly entered his wealthy but estranged wife's house, wrenched his eight-month-old daughter from her mother's breast, and absconded with the naked child in an open carriage in inclement weather. When Mrs. De Manneville applied to King's Bench for a writ of habeas corpus, Lord Ellenborough affirmed what he claimed was the well-known rule—that a father was entitled by law to complete custody and control over the children of a marriage and could even prohibit all access by a mother to her children. Frustrated by the law courts, Mrs. De Manneville turned to the self-proclaimed champion of the oppressed, the equity courts, only to find that equity would not interfere with a father's right to custody unless the child had property and was in immediate danger of life and limb. Lord Eldon agreed that “the law is clear that the custody of a child, of whatever age, belongs to the father.” Because Mrs. De Manneville refused to sign over property in her separate estate or execute a will in his favor, her angry husband threatened to prohibit his wife from ever seeing the child again and even to remove the child to France. The law supported his right to carry out his threats.
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Dumollard, Marie. "Devenir adulte sous contrainte." TSANTSA – Journal of the Swiss Anthropological Association 25 (September 21, 2020): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/tsantsa.2020.025.07.
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This article examines the support provided by Quebec’s juvenile justice system for young people classified as offenders who transition to adulthood and who are in open custody. Analyzing life-course narratives of these young people, it highlights the paradoxical nature of penal interventions that, vacillating between support and control, simultaneously enable and constrain the development of autonomy. Faced with restrictive and contradictory institutional regulations, young people adapt their relationship to socio-judicial services by adopting three types of attitude.
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Terkildsen, M., H. Kennedy, A. Di Lieto, B. Jensen, and L. Uhrskov. "Care & custody: E-sport and patient-professional power-relations in forensic psychiatry. A qualitative study." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S377—S378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1011.
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IntroductionRecovery orientated care emphasizes equality in relations. Forensic psychiatric professionals need to engage in care-relationships with patients in ways where power is symmetrically distributed among them. However, professionals also need to focus on security at the ward. This promotes patient-professional power-relations that are asymmetrically skewed towards professionals. New practical ways of balancing between the power-relations defined by a care and custody dichotomy in forensic care need to be developed and studied to guide clinical practice.ObjectivesTo study how power-relations are articulated between patient-professional within a social gaming activity (E – sport) in a Danish medium secure forensic psychiatric ward.MethodsThree months of observational data, collected via anthropological fieldwork Interviews with 3 professionals and 6 patients Data was analyzed using sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s notions of field, capital and powerResultsThe E-sport intervention consists of two fields “in-game” and “over-game” In-game concerns the practice of gaming Over-game concerns the interventions organization Power in each field is driven by specific values and access to certain competencies Power in-game was equally open to patients and professionals leading to symmetric power relations Power over-game was open to professionals only leading to asymmetrical power relations Professionals may allow power distribution to patients during gameplay, while still retaining the overall power over the interventionConclusionsIt is possible to balance between care-and-custody in forensic psychiatry. This study provides important insights to guide further practice.
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Shukla, Ravi Prakash. "FROM JUDICIAL TO LEGISLATIVE MEASURES TAKEN TO PREVENT CUSTODIAL VIOLENCE." Dogo Rangsang Research Journal 12, no. 09 (2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/drsr.2022.v12i10n01.001-006.
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The different forms of torture that a person who is in jail, police custody, or court custody experiences for a variety of reasons is referred to as "custodial violence." The goal of the current investigation is to identify the source. the different factors that contribute to custody abuse and the remedies available for this serious injustice prevented. Custodial violence appears to be a severe issue in emerging nations like India since the majority of People still don't know much about the several laws that safeguard their fundamental human rights. Despite the fact that the National Human Rights Commission's formation has established a framework wherein can be readily acquired by the impoverished and defenceless victims, yet many cases of custodial violence Due to ignorance, there have been no reports of violence. Police violence against suspects, those under investigation, and people who have been convicted has been rising at an alarming rate, despite expectations that law enforcement organisations will uphold law and order and defend people's rights. Even though these victims are protected by several international agreements, constitutional protections, and legislative restrictions, their inhumane treatment continues. In this situation, a research that aims to educate the general public on the legal options open to victims of custodial abuse is urgently needed. This research aims to gather data and attempt to estimate the total amount of crime in the nation while also doing a doctrinal analysis of various examples of custodial brutality in India.
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Reilly, Louis, Jessica Chan, Thevanthi Thevanesan, Robin Orr, Jay Dawes, Robert Lockie, Elisa Canetti, and Ben Schram. "Profiling the Occupational Injuries Sustained by Custody Officers: A Systematic Review." Healthcare 12, no. 23 (November 22, 2024): 2334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12232334.
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Background/Objectives: Custody officers (CO) are often exposed to workplace hazards when monitoring prisoners, managing prisoners’ recreational time, or searching for contraband, yet research into their injuries is limited. This review aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesise research investigating injuries in CO. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol and registration with the Open Science Framework, a systematic search of five databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, CINAHL and SportDiscus) using key search terms was conducted. The identified studies were considered against eligibility criteria, with the remaining studies critically appraised using the appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results: From the 975 identified studies, eight studies (mean critical appraisal score = 69 ± 25%) remained to inform the review. The incidence of fatal injuries ranged from 0.027 to 0.03 per 1000 full-time employees (FTE), whereas that of non-fatal injuries ranged from 15.9 to 44.0 per 1000 FTE. CO aged 31+ years were the most likely to experience injuries (22–44%). Male CO were more commonly injured than female CO in both fatal injuries (male = 89%, female = 11%) and non-fatal injuries (male = 73–74%, female = 26–27%). Assaults (11.5–38%) and slips/trips/falls (23.2–25%) were found to be the most common causes of injuries. The upper extremity was the most commonly injured body part (26–30%), with musculoskeletal sprains and strains (30–60.2%) the most common types of injury. Conclusions: CO injury profiles are similar to those reported in general-duty police officers. As such, musculoskeletal conditioning, reconditioning, and fall prevention practices employed in law enforcement may serve as an initial approach to risk mitigation in this population.
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Santa Rosa, Bárbara, Francisco Corte-Real, and Duarte Nuno Vieira. "O Respeito pela Autonomia da Criança na Regulação das Responsabilidades Parentais." Acta Médica Portuguesa 26, no. 6 (December 20, 2013): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.4050.
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Child custody decisions are among the most difficult is one of the most difficult for judges to make. The possibility of child abuse allegations or parents’ deviant/psychopathologic behaviours within this context, make the decision further complicated. Based on jurisprudence the listening of children opinion is a way to protect their best interest. In fact children have the right to express an opinion in all matters affecting their life. It should be given proper consideration to children opinion according with his/her age and maturity. Nonetheless custody disputes are emotionally draining issues. Asking the child to express an opinion during a public hearing, most likely in the presence of both parents, its not recommended because this is a potential stressful experience. Child interviews should take place in a proper environment and be set to their age. Medicine and Psychology have an important role in assessing children cognitive, emotional and volitional abilities, which is essential to properly account their opinions according to autonomy degree. This essay analyses the contribution of medico-legal and/or psychological exams to respect the autonomy of the child in cases of regulation of parental responsibilities. The conclusion is the need to establish a symbiotic relationship between the medical and legal perspectives of the (open) concept of child’s best interests.
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McGillivray, Anne. "Children's Rights, Paternal Power and Fiduciary Duty: From Roman law to the Supreme Court of Canada." International Journal of Children's Rights 19, no. 1 (2011): 21–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x527996.
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AbstractParental rights originate in patria potestas, the proprietary power of the Roman father, and its incidents of custody, control and corporal punishment. Parental rights as proprietary rights, as rights over another, cannot co-exist with children's rights. What, then, are parental rights in the age of children's rights? This Essay surveys the influence of Roman doctrine on modern law in and through the Supreme Court of Canada. The court acknowledges children's rights, views proprietary rights over children as a thing of the past and recognizes custody as the child's right, not the parent's. Yet the court vitiated the fiduciary standard for parents, limited state parens patriae jurisdiction and upheld two of the three incidents of patria potestas. By making childhood an excuse for avoiding principled rights analysis, conflating adult interests with children's rights and confusing assault with touch, the court upheld the proprietary rights of corporal punishment and control. If parental rights are understood as rights correlative to parental fiduciary duty, and if rights are seen as markers of relationship rather than its antithesis, then the law is rid of archaic notions of parental rights. The way is open to substantive judicial and social engagement with the rights of the child.
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Board, Editorial. "Allows Librarians at each Institution to take Custody of and Preserve Access to the E-Content." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 9, no. 2 (June 28, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2017/16180.
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The LOCKSS («Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe») project, under the auspices of Stanford University, is a peer-to-peer network that develops and supports an open source system allowing libraries to collect, preserve and provide their readers with access to material published on the Web. The system attempts to replicate the way libraries do this for material published on paper. It was originally designed for scholarly journals<sup>1</sup>, but is now also used for a range of other materials. Examples include the SOLINET project to preserve theses and dissertations at eight universities, US government documents<sup>3</sup>, and the MetaArchive Cooperative program preserving at-risk digital archival collections, including Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs), newspapers, photograph collections, and audio-visual collections
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Landerkin, Hugh F. "Custody Disputes in the Provincial Court of Alberta: A New Judicial Dispute Resolution Model." Alberta Law Review 35, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1052.
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In Alberta there is no uniform process or guideline for the application of the best interests of the child standard in custody disputes. The author asserts that in the absence of such provisions, the Provincial Court is free to develop its own process. The process for the application of the best interests of the child standard should be flexible so that each case may be treated individually, but, at the same time, follow defined standards. The author suggests that the Court must define community standards so that litigants understand the criteria used in decision-making. For many people, if the process is open and understandable then they are more likely to feel that justice has been done even in the face of an adverse result. The author addresses these process-based concerns by offering a new three stage model for custody dispute resolution. In the first stage the author suggests that details of how the child is functioning in his or her home, neighbourhood, and school should be explicitly outlined in an affidavit. The affidavit should emphasize the community values and child-centred perspective to be used by the Court. In the second, judicial dispute resolution, the author envisages a mediation that incorporates mini-trial procedure with the judge acting as an active participant in a non-adversarial context. If this fails, the presiding judge must step aside in favour of an independent judge and a regular trial will commence.
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Griffiths, Louise, Di Bailey, and Karen Slade. "Professional and peer support preferences for women who self-harm in custody." Journal of Criminal Psychology 9, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-12-2018-0049.
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Purpose Peer and professional support are important for women in prison to help them tackle a range of issues including self-harm. To date, research has not explored in any depth how women experience peer support provided in prison to help them manage their self-harm including peer support provided through the Listeners Scheme. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This was a case study in one women’s prison employing mixed, qualitative methods. These included a questionnaire distributed to women and staff, a focus group with prison listeners, semi-structured interviews with women who self-harmed and semi-structured interviews with prison staff, together with a series of observations in the prison site. Findings While women in prison welcomed both professional and peer support their support preferences were influenced by how serious women considered their self-harm to be and the degree to which they regarded their relationships with staff as trusting and/or supportive. The therapeutic community (TC) that operated in the prison facilitated different relationships between women who self-harmed in prison and staff, than have hitherto been reported in the research literature. These relationships described by women and staff as “more open” allowed women to seek staff support when managing their self-harm behaviours. Women sought peer support from listeners in addition to staff support particularly at times when staff were unavailable for example at evenings and weekends. Research limitations/implications The case study design was conducted in one women’s prison which operated a TC. The principles of the TC that operated in the prison are supported by the wider literature on TCs as conducive to good mental health. Findings are thus relevant for establishments with TCs . Originality/value Women opted for support from staff for helping them to manage their severe self-harm, over and above the peer support available through the prison Listener Scheme. This finding contrasts with previous research that suggests women trying to manage their self-harm in prison prioritise support from their peers because staff are often found to harbour unhelpful attitudes to women’s self-harm that makes seeking support difficult.
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Santamaría, Pablo, Llanos Tobarra, Rafael Pastor-Vargas, and Antonio Robles-Gómez. "Smart Contracts for Managing the Chain-of-Custody of Digital Evidence: A Practical Case of Study." Smart Cities 6, no. 2 (February 23, 2023): 709–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6020034.
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The digital revolution is renewing many aspects of our lives, which is also a challenge in judicial processes, such as the Chain-of-Custody (CoC) process of any electronic evidence. A CoC management system must be designed to guarantee them to maintain its integrity in court. This issue is essential for digital evidence’s admissibility and probative value. This work has built and validated a real prototype to manage the CoC process of any digital evidence. Our technological solution follows a process model that separates the evidence registry and any evidence itself for scalability purposes. It includes the development of an open-source smart contract under Quorum, a version of Ethereum oriented to private business environments. The significant findings of our analysis have been: (1) Blockchain networks can become a solution, where integrity, privacy and traceability must be guaranteed between untrustworthy parties; and (2) the necessity of promoting the standardization of CoC smart contracts with a secure, simple process logic. Consequently, these contracts should be deployed in consortium environments, where reliable, independent third parties validate the transactions without having to know their content.
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Badham, Bill, Bob Blatchford, Steph Mcartney, and Malcolm Nicholas. "DOING SOMETHING WITH OUR LIVES WHEN WE’RE INSIDE Self-Directive Groupwork in a Youth Custody Centre." Groupwork 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v2i1.1385.
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This paper describes the development of groupwork practice at an open youth custody centre in Nottingham from February 1987 to February 1989. It was started by Nottingham Probation Officers linking with a voluntary sector project, and later developed to include Team Resources for Youth, a project working with young black people. The article gives background to how the work arose, both through previous local initiatives, and through careful planning between February and October 1987. It describes the underlying social action principles and values behind the work, and how these affected practice. It concludes with an evaluation of the work by young men and the agencies involved, and suggests implications for future policy and practice.Publisher’s note: We are now putting all back issues of Groupwork on line. Articles in this issue have been scanned to pdf files as viable original typesetting files no longer exist. Though they may not look it, these files are to some extent searchable. This issue was published nearly 30 years ago. We have stated author professional details as received at time of publication
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Bozhuk, Liudmyla, and Tetiana Kurchenko. "Fund of valuable and rare publications of scientific libraries of higher education institutions of Ukraine with an aviation component." Вісник Книжкової палати, no. 4 (April 25, 2024): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36273/2076-9555.2024.4(333).33-39.
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The proposed article analyzes and summarizes the peculiarities of the formation of funds of valuable and rare publications in Ukrainian institutions of higher education that prepare specialists for civil aviation. The article is intended to inform scientific and pedagogical workers, students of higher education, and the general public about the important resource of valuable and rare publications that are stored in the funds of scientific and technical libraries of Ukrainian higher education institutions with an aviation component. The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of the formation and organization of open (online) access to information potential, containing collections of rare publications as a component of information resources of university libraries. The collections of valuable and rare publications, concentrated in the libraries of the aviation profile universities: The National Aerospace University M. E. Zhukovsky "Kharkiv Aviation Institute", The National Aviation University, The National Technical University of Ukraine "Ihor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". Recommendations on improving the work of scientific and technical libraries on the formation of a system of open access and custody of valuable documents have been formulated.
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Koumantiga, Dabitora. "Ecotourisme et aires protégées: L’histoire, un potentiel latent pour le complexe OKM (Togo, Afrique)." PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 19, no. 2 (2021): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2021.19.015.
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In Mexico, there are 194 archaeological zones open to the public under the custody of the National Institute for Anthropology and History. However, there are also many other sites that operate outside the federal management model and the current legal framework. These are called “limbos” here and are clas‑ sified by who administers them and the land ownership regime. Through the review of three cases spread over Mexico, a first approximation of their key problems and shared dynamics is offered that factors in legal, bureaucratic and socioeconomic aspects that underlie the unauthorized use of archaeological heritage. It is concluded that they are “in limbo “mainly due to ambiguities in the legislation and loopholes that have been exploited by stakeholders to allow them to use of these ruins as a tourist attraction.
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González-Robles, Víctor. "Limbos arqueológicos: una invitación al universo de los sitios extraoficiales en México." PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 19, no. 2 (2021): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2021.19.014.
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In Mexico, there are 194 archaeological zones open to the public under the custody of the National Institute for Anthropology and History. However, there are also many other sites that operate outside the federal management model and the current legal framework. These are called “limbos” here and are clas‑ sified by who administers them and the land ownership regime. Through the review of three cases spread over Mexico, a first approximation of their key problems and shared dynamics is offered that factors in legal, bureaucratic and socioeconomic aspects that underlie the unauthorized use of archaeological heritage. It is concluded that they are “in limbo “mainly due to ambiguities in the legislation and loopholes that have been exploited by stakeholders to allow them to use of these ruins as a tourist attraction.
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Dailey, Erika. "Implementation of Judgments: Practical Insights from Civil Society." Journal of Human Rights Practice 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huaa022.
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Abstract This practice note takes a complementary look at the implementation of court judgments regarding human rights, interrogating the perspectives and lived experience of independent stakeholders, among them victims of human rights violations, advocates, litigators, legislators, judges, and other civil society representatives. It draws on the Open Society Justice Initiative’s Strategic Litigation Impacts inquiry, a partner-led, multi-year comparative socio-legal study based on hundreds of semi-structured interviews and legal analysis of 11 diverse countries, eight international conferences and workshops, and four thematic reports examining various areas of rights: Roma and desegregation of education; indigenous peoples’ land rights; equal access to quality education; and torture in custody. The experience of these stakeholders prompts and responds to government action and inaction, offering a rough mirror image from a civil society perspective.
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Handaja, Suka, Astrie Kusuma Dewi, and Roni Heru Triyanto. "Wireless Volume Corrector for Natural Gas Flow Metering Using ESP32 Microcontroller and Open-Source Web Server." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2024): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.3.2160.
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The measurement of gas flow in energy transactions from an energy-producing company to an energy user is essential to evaluate, considering that measurement errors can accumulate, and losses can occur, which will be ongoing. The gas measurement process begins with measuring pressure and temperature parameters and the gas flow volume transacted. Then, the measured gas volume will be converted into a standard volume as the basis for gas buying and selling transactions (custody). This article conveys that a wireless volume corrector has been designed using the ESP32 microcontroller with Wi-Fi communication that can be integrated with the internet to support automatic meter reading systems. The measured data is collected in a database server using XAMPP, an open-system web server. Data stored on the database server is displayed via a web browser with a display of the last 5 data entered the web server. The web browser display is refreshed every second so that the display on the web browser is a live or online display. This research resulted in temperature, pressure, actual flow, and volume standard measurements with an error below 0.1%, which met the metrology requirements, instilling confidence in the system's reliability. This research proves that realizing a volume corrector with IoT technology can be done cheaply.
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Santos, Henrique Machado dos, and Daniel Flores. "Transformações dos Pacotes de Informação na Cadeia de Custódia Digital Arquivística." Páginas a&b Arquivos & Bibliotecas, no. 18 (2022): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21836671/pag18a2.
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This study synthesizes knowledge about the transformations of the information package of the Open Archival Information System (OAIS)model, within the scope of aChain of Custody for Digital Archives (CCDA). Thus, the importance of the file system being composed of management, preservation and access platforms is discussed. The methodology is based on a survey of previously published materials, including: books, technical publications and articles from scientific journals. The analysis of the collected data consists of a triangulation between Archival Science, the OAIS model and the CCDA. The discussion uses deductive logics, which results in an unsystematic review article. Finally, it is argued that establishing a CCDA will allow the transformations of the OAIS information package to be carried out by a reliable custodian capable of ensuring the maintenance of the authenticity and the preservation of digital archival records in the long term.
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Duthie, Leanne, and Elspeth Pike. "Evaluation of Fife Forensic CMHT Liaison Services Over 10 Years." BJPsych Open 8, S1 (June 2022): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.80.
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AimsFife FCMHT offer two forms of liaison; a court liaison service and a consultation service open to any professional requiring guidance on managing a person with mental disorder and offending behaviour. Our aims are to evaluate these services by analysing the number of referrals, reason for referral and outcomes in order to assess how our services are being used and help identify any areas for improvement.MethodsDetails about each referral made to the court liaison and consultation services and outcomes were recorded from January 2011 to December 2021. Data were analysed in excel.ResultsCourt Liaison Service1044 referrals were made; 778 of these were assessed. 98.7% were seen on day of referral. 76 required inpatient admission, 9 of whom had to be remanded in custody to await appropriate bed. Age ranged 15–78 years. Of those deemed fit to continue through court, 33% were felt to require further mental health input.Consultation Service280 referrals were made. Age ranged 15–83 years. The majority of referrals to this service came from criminal justice social work and NHS fife services. The majority of referrals were for specific advice or help with risk assessment and management. The average time between referral and consultation was 9.4 days.ConclusionReassuringly, our team responds promptly to referrals.25.5% of referrals made to the court service did not require assessment after triage. Only 7.3% of referrals required diversion away from the court system. Whilst 33% of those deemed fit to continue were identified as requiring further mental health input, this was often in the form of signposting to local services. As referrals are usually seen by health care in custody, this suggests mental health training for these teams would be of benefit to prevent delays in court proceedings and prevent unnecessary referrals.Of concern are those patients remanded in custody to await a psychiatric bed. Whilst numbers are small, it is an unacceptable outcome for these patients. This occurs due to no bed being available or a requirement for assessment by the admitting unit. This mirrors findings from the Barron Report.Our consultation service sees requests from a vast array of professionals. We believe this to be an efficient way for services to access the expertise within our team, avoiding unnecessary referrals causing delays to patient care. The majority of these referrals were for advice over a specific matter which can be dealt with succinctly by the team.
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Evans-Chase, Michelle. "If they like it they can take it with them: A mixed methods look at the use of Internet-based instruction of mindfulness meditation with incarcerated youth." Advances in Social Work 16, no. 1 (July 27, 2015): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/17973.
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The most successful programming offered in juvenile justice facilities do not transfer easily back to communities to give youth the opportunity to practice intervention skills once they return home. Having this opportunity is particularly important to youth leaving state custody given that they disproportionately return to poor communities and disrupted families that both exacerbate behaviors associated with juvenile justice involvement and act as barriers to much needed services and support. With this in mind, a randomized controlled trial was used to quantitatively assess the ability of freely available Internet-based mindfulness meditation instruction to increase mindfulness in treatment youth, with weekly journals and open-ended post-test questions used to qualitatively explore the treatment experience. Findings suggest that an Internet delivery of mindfulness meditation is both engaging to incarcerated youth, helpful to them in coping with life in a juvenile justice facility, and able to increase mindfulness in youth who practice it.
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Ward, Ashley K., David M. Day, Irene Bevc, Ye Sun, Jeffrey S. Rosenthal, and Thierry Duchesne. "Criminal Trajectories and Risk Factors in a Canadian Sample of Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, no. 11 (September 30, 2010): 1278–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854810379702.
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This study contributed to the criminal trajectory literature using a Canadian-based sample of offenders and examined childhood and adolescent predictors of trajectory group membership. The sample comprised 378 males who had been sentenced as youth, between 1986 and 1996, to one of two open custody facilities in Toronto, Canada. Official criminal records were obtained from late childhood and early adolescence into adulthood for an average follow-up of 12.1 years. Childhood and adolescent predictors reflecting individual, family, peer, and school domains were extracted from client files. Trajectory analysis yielded four groups, labeled moderate rate (MR); low rate (LR); high-rate, adult peaked (HRADL); and high-rate, adolescence peaked (HRADOL). Multinomial regression analyses indicated that risk factors representing the family and peer domains differentiated the MR, HRADL, and HRADOL groups from the LR group. Moreover, whereas both child and adolescent risk factors were associated with the MR, HRADL, and HRADOL groups, only adolescent risk factors were associated with the LR group.
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Escandón-Panchana, Paulo, Fernando Morante-Carballo, Gricelda Herrera-Franco, Héctor Rodríguez, and Fausto Carvajal. "Fluid Level Measurement System in Oil Storage. Python, Lab-Based Scale." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.090327.
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Refineries, fuel depots, airports and storage terminals commonly use fluid level measurement in storage tanks. Different fluid level measurement techniques and devices differ in the inaccuracy of measurement results, costs, and company needs. In addition, these measurements seek reliability of measurement data, immediate response times, control in operations, oil movement, custody transfer and inventory control. The objective is to develop a computer system for measuring fluid levels in oil storage tanks, using ultrasonic and temperature sensors, creating a web application for an automated measurement system (SAM) for managing volumes of Petroleum. The study methodology is i) Analysis of measurement reports. ii) Selection of physical components of the computer system. iii) SAM algorithm design and web application, and iv) Validate the system. The SAM application developed in open source proposes functional modules for administration, control, security, management and monitoring of storage tanks, the status of physical components and generation of dynamic reports in real-time. The results show the control characteristics of storage tanks such as maximum and minimum volume, temperature, time, precise data records in less time than certain current computer structures.
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Deslauriers, Jean-Martin, and Ginette Berteau. "Travail de groupe avec des hommes et aide mutuelle : l’exemple d’un service pour des pères séparés ayant des difficultés d’accès à leurs enfants." Groupwork 29, no. 1 (June 21, 2020): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v29i1.1436.
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Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche portant sur l’expérience de groupe telle qu’elle est perçue par des pères ayant des difficultés d’accès à leurs enfants. Ils ont fait appel aux services d’un organisme communautaire proposant un groupe de soutien ouvert pour des pères dans leur situation. En étudiant les récits recueillis auprès de quatorze pères et de deux intervenants, on constate la présence de plusieurs dynamiques d’aide mutuelle. L’analyse des entrevues permet de faire des liens entre la conceptualisation de l’aide mutuelle et les témoignages des pères, puis d’élaborer de nouvelles pistes d’intervention auprès de groupes d’hommes.This article presents research findings on group experience as perceived by fathers facing children custody issues. They used the services of a community organization that offered an open group for fathers in their situation. By studying interviews with 14 fathers and 2 practitioners, we note the presence of several dynamics of mutual aid. The analysis of the interviews indicates links between the conceptualization of the mutual aid and the testimonies of the fathers as well as describing new ways of intervention, especially with men’s groups.
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Pooley, Jefferson. "Large Language Publishing." KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies 7, no. 1 (October 10, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/kula.291.
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The AI hype cycle has come for scholarly publishing. This essay argues that the industry’s feverishーif mostly aspirationalーembrace of artificial intelligence should be read as the latest installment of an ongoing campaign. Led by Elsevier, commercial publishers have, for about a decade, layered a second business on top of their legacy publishing operations. That business is to mine and process scholars’ works and behavior into prediction products, sold back to universities and research agencies. This article focuses on an offshoot of the big firms’ surveillance-publishing businesses: the post-ChatGPT imperative to profit from troves of proprietary “training data,” to make new AI products andーthe essay predictsーto license academic papers and scholars’ tracked behavior to big technology companies. The article points to the potential knowledge effects of AI models in academia: Products and models are poised to serve as knowledge arbitrators, by picking winners and losers according to what they makevisible. I also cite potential knock-on effects, including incentives for publishers to roll back open access (OA) and new restrictions on researchers’ access to the open web. The article concludes with a call for a coordinated campaign of advocacy and consciousness-raising, paired with high-quality, in-depth studies of publisher data harvestingーbuilt on the premise that another scholarly-publishing world is possible. There are many good reasons to restore custody to the academy, the essay argues. The latest is to stop our work from fueling the publishers’ AI profits.
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Qayyum, Abdul, and Hamzullah Khan. "GENERAL SURGEONS." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 08 (August 10, 2016): 959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.08.1669.
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Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out the frequency ofsurgical cases and types of surgical interventions in a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar. StudyDesign: Descriptive observational study Period: Jan to June 2015. Setting: Surgical “D” Unitof Medical Teaching institution, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Material and methods:Relevant information’s were recorded on a pre-designed proforma prepared in accordancewith the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 842 patients who were admitted in the MTILRHSurgical D Unit were enrolled in the study irrespective of age, gender and geographicalrepresentation. Out of total 58% were males and 42% females. The age range of patient wasfrom 2 years to 92 years the maximum. The mean of age with SD was 30 years +3.5 SD. Modeof age was 27 years. The frequency of surgical cases presentation (via emergency or outdoordepartment) were; Acute appendicitis 26%, cholilithiasis 17%, acute abdomen 9.2%, fire arminjuries/medico-legal cases 3.3%, peri-anal problems (pilonodal sinuses, hemorrhoids, fistula,anal fissure) 8.8%, Hernia (RIH& LIH 13%), carcinoma cases (stomach, rectum, pancreas) 1.5%,diabetic foot 3%, intestinal perforation & ileostomy 2.8%, etc. The frequency of types of surgicalprocedures were; The frequency of types of surgical procedures were; Open appendicectomy25%, Exploration laprotomy 8.4%, debridement 2%, Peri anal surgeries (EUA, Haemorridictomy,anal dilatation, fistulectomy 9.4%), hernirraphy and hernitomy 16%, open cholecystectomy 13%,laproscopic cholecystectomy 4.4%, orchiodectomy & orchidopexy 5%, and colostomy reversal2.2% etc. 2% patients managed conservatively. Eight patients expired during the treatment(1%). 97% discharged satisfactorily. There were 2 medico-legal cases that after dischargedwent in law in forces custody. Conclusion: The commonest cause of seeking surgical carewas acute abdomen, FAI/MLC, cholilithiases, perianal disorders, hernia and testicular/scrotalproblem are major surgical emergencies that we receive in our unit. In response the major typesof surgical interventions are appendicectomy, Exploration laprotomy, open cholecystectomy,laproscopic cholecystectomy, hernirraphy and hernitomy, orchiodectomy &orchidopexy andcolostomies. There is 1% moratlity rate as observed.
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Avdeychik, Vadim, and Justin Capozzi. "SEC’s Division of Investment Management voices concerns over registered funds investing in cryptocurrencies and cryptocurrency-related products." Journal of Investment Compliance 19, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-04-2018-0034.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide an overview of recent US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Division of Investment Management staff (“Staff”) guidance related to investment funds registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 that seeks to provide exposure to cryptocurrencies or cryptocurrency-related products. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides analysis regarding the Staff’s view on registered investment companies that intend to invest in cryptocurrencies or cryptocurrency-related products, including an overview of the questions posed by the Staff with respect to registered investment companies that seek to hold cryptocurrencies or cryptocurrency-related products, which are divided into five categories: valuation, liquidity, custody, arbitrage (for exchange-traded funds) and potential manipulation and other risks. Findings The Staff is asking for additional information from industry participants to fully analyze and evaluate registered investment companies that seek to invest in cryptocurrencies. Practical implications The industry should continue to provide information to the Staff with the short-term goal of fostering an open dialogue and with the long-term goal of launching a registered investment company that invests in cryptocurrencies or cryptocurrency-related products. Originality/value This paper provides practical guidance from experienced lawyers of the Investment Company Act and Securities Act.
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Standhartinger, Angela. "Aus der Welt eines Gefangenen Die Kommunikationsstruktur des Philipperbriefs im Spiegel seiner Abfassungssituation." Novum Testamentum 55, no. 2 (2013): 140–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341417.
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Abstract It is well known that Philippians was written in prison. However, very few have investigated whether the living conditions of ancient imprisonment are reflected in Philippians. Even less frequently studied are the specific structures of communication for those in Roman custody. This article argues that the situation of composition in prison demanded a degree of ambiguity in speaking and writing that produced difficulties for interpreters of Philippians then and now. For a letter written in prison has to reckon with being read by more than the immediate addressees, like the prison guards, police personnel, and judges. Thus, a letter from prison is always an “open interaction between the subordinates and those who dominate,” or, as James Scott has called it, a “public transcript.” The question, however, arises, whether behind the public transcript, that is the letter to the Philippians, we may also discover a hidden transcript, a discourse that takes place “offstage,” beyond direct observation by power holders. This article seeks to clarify what Paul is conveying in Philippians by reading it against ancient prison life and the circumstances of writing and communicating from therein. It finally asks how the community in Philippi might have read the letter beyond what is (and is not) obviously communicated in it.
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YAMELSKA, Khrystyna. "International standards for the prevention of the ill-treatment of persons deprived of their liberty in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.5.1.
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The paper examines international standards for the prevention of ill-treatment of persons deprived of their liberty in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the member states of the Council of Europe. The Committee's Statement of principles relating to the treatment of persons deprived of their liberty in the context of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic has been analyzed. The paper identifies the positive obligations of the state in the field of guaranteeing human rights, namely legal, practical and derivative means. The responses of Member States to a number of questions that have been the subject of CPT recommendations for many years have been examined. The absolute nature of the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, which is an imperative of international law, is revealed. The basic principle must be to take all possible action to protect the health and safety of all persons deprived of their liberty. The paper defines the following principles: 1. WHO guidelines on fighting the pandemic as well as national health and clinical guidelines consistent with international standards must be respected and implemented fully in all places of deprivation of liberty. 2. Staff availability should be reinforced, and health and safety protection as well as training necessary in order to be able to continue to fulfil their tasks in places of deprivation of liberty. 3. Any restrictive measure taken vis-à-vis persons deprived of their liberty to prevent the spread of Covid-19 should have a legal basis and be necessary, proportionate, respectful of human dignity and restricted in time. 4. Alternatives to deprivation of liberty. 5. Special attention will be required to the specific needs of detained persons with particular regard to vulnerable groups and/or at-risk groups, such as older persons and persons with pre-existing medical conditions. 6. Restrictions on contact with the outside world, including visits, should be compensated for by increased access to alternative means of communication (such as telephone or Voice-overInternet-Protocol communication). 7. Respect of the right to maintain adequate personal hygiene (including access to hot water and soap) and the right of daily access to the open air (of at least one hour). 8. Fundamental safeguards against the ill-treatment of persons in the custody of law enforcement officials (access to a lawyer, access to a doctor, notification of custody) must be fully respected in all circumstances and at all times.
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Payne, Julien D., and Eileen Overend. "The Co-Parental Divorce: Removing the Children from the Jurisdiction." Revue générale de droit 15, no. 3 (May 9, 2019): 645–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059529ar.
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The preservation of parenting rights in contested custody or access proceedings arising on the dissolution of marriage necessitates a judicial reconciliation or balancing of the competing interests of the children, the parents and members of any extended or reconstituted families. In C. v. C., (unreported, March 7, 1984, Ont. S.C.) the mother was held to the terms of a prior separation agreement and was ordered not to remove the children from the Province of Ontario without the father's consent or a further order of the court. In reaching this decision, the trial judge placed heavy reliance on the evidence of a mediator who had unsuccessfully attempted to resolve the differences between the parents and who was of the opinion that the children would be at risk if the mother proceeded with her plans to remarry and establish a new home for herself and the children in England. C. v. C. raises diverse fundamental issues concerning the legal resolution of parenting disputes on marriage breakdown or divorce. The following issues are addressed in the commentary of this judgment (reproduced in annex): 1. What significance, if any, does, and should, a court give to the express terms of a separation agreement? 2. If a mediator is retained, should the mediation process, including the mediator's evaluation, be “open” (i.e. subject to disclosure to the court) or “closed” (i.e. confidential and excluded from any evidence adduced in subsequent judicial proceedings)? 3. How can the best interests of the children — the legal criterion to be applied in the adjudication of parenting disputes — be reconciled with the best interests of other concerned family members? 4. Could, and should, the court have addressed the possibility of some alternative form of parenting arrangements that might accomodate the competing interests of all the affected parties? 5. To what extent can the courts legally fetter the freedom of a custodial parent to establish a new home for (i) herself (or himself) and (ii) the children? Some of these issues are specifically addressed in the unreported reasons for judgment. Others are ignored. The purpose of this commentary is to canvass these issues and point to the need for a family-oriented approach to the resolution of parenting disputes, rather than an individual rights approach, such as has been traditionally adhered to by the courts in the adjudication of custody and access disputes.
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Payne, Julien D. "Divorce Reform in Canada: New Perspectives; An Analytical Review of Bill C-10 (Canada), 1984." Chronique de législation 15, no. 2 (May 9, 2019): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059555ar.
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Bill C-10 (Canada), 1984 is entitled An Act to Amend the Divorce Act (R.S.C., 1970, c. 10). In reality, however, the fundamental character of some of the changes proposed therein constitutes a major reform of substantive divorce law and provides a limited foundation for radical changes in the adversarial legal process. The concept of “no-fault” divorce that was proposed by the Law Reform Commission of Canada in its Working Papers and Report on Family Law constitutes the basis of Bill C-10 with regard to the freedom to divorce and the judicial determination of the right to and quantum of spousal maintenance. But Bill C-10 provides little by way of a framework for the implementation of the Law Commission's recommendations for new processes that would ameliorate the injurious effects of the adversarial legal process. For example, the use of mediation as an alternative to the litigation of disputed issues is endorsed in clauses 5 and 16 of Bill C-10, but these clauses, and particularly clause 5, are badly drafted and are unlikely to foster mediated settlements where either lawyer representing the parties is intent on a battle in open court. Bill C-10 introduces much-needed policy objectives to assist the courts in determining whether spousal maintenance should be ordered on the dissolution of the marriage. Here again, however, the drafting is less precise than might be considered appropriate. The “best interests of the child” is declared to be the paramount criterion in applications for the maintenance, custody, care and upbringing of children, but no specific guidelines are provided with respect to the factors that might be relevant to a determination of a child's best interests. Joint custody orders and third party orders are expressly permitted, but not expressly encouraged, by clause 10 of Bill C-10. The jurisdictional requirements of section 5 (1) of the Divorce Act, R.S.C. 1970, c. D-8 have been simplified by clause 3 of Bill C-10, which retains only the one year ordinary residence requirement. Corresponding adjustments have been made to section 6 of the Divorce Act, which governs the recognition of foreign divorce decrees. Bill C-10 (Canada), 1984 thus constitutes a blending of the old and new. Whether this blend produces vintage wine or vinegar is a matter of opinion.
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Gorinov, Yu A., and P. N. Anisimov. "Icreasing the efficiency of district heating supply systems by local heat distribution station modernation." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 3 (June 14, 2022): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-3-101-111.
Full textAbstract:
The PURPOSE of the study is to improve the efficiency of district heating systems. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks must be completed. To consider the problems of functioning of an open heat supply system functioning. Perform an analysis of technical solutions for the modernization of local heat distribution and metering station are presented. To develop a technological scheme of local heat distribution station with a hot-water supply system. To determine the main technical, economic and investment indicators of the developed technical solution.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Measurements were made using the local heat metering station. When solving the set tasks, a methodology for assessing efficiency was applied with the calculation of capital and operating costs, including the calculation of the payback period.RESULTS. A new scheme for regulating of hot water supply system recirculation with open connection of consumers to a centralized source is proposed. The results of the implementation of the developed technical solution of local heat distribution and metering station for apartment buildings in Yoshkar-Ola city are presented. An experimental study of the effect of a joint additional installation of a pump and a control valve on the hot water supply system recirculation line before the mixing unit for hot water recirculation with return pipe and before the direct-acting temperature controller was the first to do. As a result, the consumption of district water was reduced by 36 - 39%, the temperature in the return pipeline was reduced by 13.5%; the enthalpy of the hot water was reduced from 0.168 to 0.145 Gcal/m3, the required circulation in all risers of the hot water supply system was ensured.CONCLUSION. The use of the developed technical solution for the modernization of local heat distribution and metering station increases the efficiency of district heating supply systems. Calculations made on the basis of the readings of automatic custody heat transfer meter showed that the payback period for the technical solution is 40 days. The proposed solution is recommended for use in local heat distribution station of open heat supply system in order to reduce water rate, lower the temperature in the return pipeline and reduce heat losses, improve circulation in all riser pipes of the hot water system.
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Rwezaura, Bart. "The Proposed abolition of de facto unions in Tanzania: a case of sailing against the social current." Journal of African Law 42, no. 2 (1998): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300011827.
Full textAbstract:
In April, 1994, the Law Reform Commission of Tanzania (LRC) recommended,inter alia, that section 160 of the Law of Marriage Act (LMA), be repealed because it constitutes “an unnecessary encroachment [on] the sanctity of marriage and [is] contrary to the spirit of the Law of Marriage Act”. Subsection (1) of the offending section enacts a statutory presumption of marriage in favour of reputed de facto unions that have existed for a minimum of two years. Subsection (2) states that once the presumption is rebutted, the woman cohabitant and the children born of that union become legally entitled to apply to the court for economic support from the male partner. In these proceedings the court has similar jurisdiction as a divorce court, including the making of orders for the division of assets jointly acquired by the couple and the determination of who is to have custody of the children. In 1971 when section 160 was enacted, it was widely recognized that de facto unions had become a social fact which the law could not ignore. Hence, the decision to extend to these unions the same legal consequences that follow a formal dissolution of a legal marriage. However, in so doing the legislature had indirectly raised and yet left open a number of important questions that have continued to engage the minds of judges.
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Henninger, Maureen. "From mud to the museum: Metadata challenges in archaeology." Journal of Information Science 44, no. 5 (November 17, 2017): 658–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551517741790.
Full textAbstract:
An archaeological site is a palimpsest in which the evidence of the depositional episodes is destroyed through the excavation processes; all that remains are the artefacts and their documentary evidence manifested in registers, datasets, dig diaries and reports. While the reports may represent the end product of a specific excavation, the archaeological record tells a story; it is interpretative and dynamic, with later excavations adding new knowledge and narratives. Museums preserve the artefacts but unless the documentary evidence is preserved in standard formats, it cannot be easily re-used by the archaeology community to create that knowledge; nor can museums provide the narratives for the general public whose cultural heritage it is. This article presents a case study from the Ness of Brodgar excavations that examines possibilities for reconciling one part of the data of an archaeological dig, the small finds register (SFR) and its sparse amount of descriptive metadata, with the potentiality of data re-use and with the requirements of a museum that may have custody of the artefacts. It maps and enriches messy domain-specific ontologies to standard archaeological and cultural heritage ontologies and taxonomies using simple natural language processing, linked open data and the museum CIDOC conceptual reference model (CRM). This research, in examining the application of ontology mapping tools, explores common practices and processes that are useful in any discipline within the cultural heritage domain.
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Septianto, Dio, and Muhiddinur Kamal. "Interaksi Sosial Remaja Pasca Rehabilitasi Narkoba di Nagari Paninjauan Kecamatan X Koto, Kabupaten Tanah Datar." AHKAM 2, no. 4 (October 31, 2023): 762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/ahkam.v2i4.2028.
Full textAbstract:
Social interaction is something that teenagers need. Driven by high curiosity, this often leads to negative impacts such as drug abuse. One of the cases occurred in Nagari Paninjauan, a teenager finally fell into legal custody to go through the rehabilitation process. Even though they have been responsible for their actions, society's view of teenagers is still considered bad, causing gaps in their social interactions, so this is very interesting to research. The aim of this research is to find out the background and interactions of teenagers before they are introduced to drugs and to find out the form of their interactions after drug rehabilitation. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews with an informant. Based on the results of this research, it is known that informants who initially interacted actively in society, were ultimately influenced by their friendship environment to consume and sell drugs. However, after serving a sentence and training for five years and three months, the informant still received bad views from the public. Currently, the form of interaction that teenagers have is accommodation. Existing conditions also cause teenagers to tend to be passive in interacting with society. Thus, researchers suggest to informants to open themselves up and try to develop their potential so that society's view of them changes.