Academic literature on the topic 'Open cross section'
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Journal articles on the topic "Open cross section"
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Makki, Russul O., and Mohammed K. Fakhraldin. "Modeling and Analysis Variable Cross Section Pile Driven in Sandy Soil using Finite Element." E3S Web of Conferences 318 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131801005.
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This study focuses on the finite element simulation of piles with different models in sandy soils using the software PLAXIS 3D V20. The parametric study has conducted to investigate the influence of multiple parameters on the axial capacity of steel piles in sandy soil, including the cross-section variables in two cases: open and close-ended piles. The typical circular and square cross-section open and close-ended piles were selected as the reference for comparison with variables cross-section piles. The open-ended tapered pile 3b showed an increase in the maximum load capacity about 210% more than the open-ended circular section, while the close-ended tapered pile 3b showed an increase of about 176% in the axial load capacity more than the solid close-ended circular section. In terms of the effect of pile’s type, all of the close-ended sections outperformed the open-ended sections, with the circular section showing a 146% increase in its close-ended section, while the tapered 3b section showed the lowest difference between the close-ended and the open-ended sections with just 120% increase. These results showed that the tapering pile is much more efficient than any straight-sided pile or even circular pile. The results also showed that a short open-ended pile's capacity is smaller than the corresponding closed-ended pile.
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Kaymaz, Zerefsan, and George Siscoe. "Open geometry of the magnetotail cross section." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 103, A7 (July 1, 1998): 14829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98ja00812.
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Easa, Said M. "Versatile general elliptic open channel cross section." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 4 (August 31, 2015): 1572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0494-x.
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Zhukova, Valentina. "Open charm studies at Belle." EPJ Web of Conferences 212 (2019): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921209003.
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We present the new results of measurements of the exlusive cross sections of the e+ e− annihilation to charmed meson pairs as a function of √ ceneter-of-mass energy from the open charm threashold up to $ \sqrt s = {\rm{6 GeV}} $ using initial state radiation technique. The analysis is based on a data sample collected by the Belle detector with an integrated luminosity of 951 fb−1. The accuracy of the cross section measurement is increased by a factor of 2 in comparison with the first Belle study. We have performed the first angular analysis + −→ D*± D*∓ of the $ {e^{\rm{ + }}}{e^ - } \to {D^{* \pm }}{D^{* \mp }} $ process and decomposed this exclusive cross section into three components corresponding to the different D* helicities.
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Choudhary, Prashant K., Prashanta K. Mahato, and Prasun Jana. "Cross-section optimization of thin-walled open-section composite column for maximizing its ultimate strength." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 236, no. 2 (October 12, 2021): 413–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14644207211046264.
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This paper focuses on the optimization of thin-walled open cross-section laminated composite column subjected to uniaxial compressive load. The cross-section of the column is parameterized in such a way that it can represent a variety of shapes including most of the regular cross-sections such as H, C, T, and I sections. The objective is to obtain the best possible shape of the cross-section, by keeping a constant total material volume, which can maximize the ultimate load carrying capacity of the column. The ultimate strength of the column is determined by considering both buckling instability and material failure. For material failure, Tsai-Wu composite failure criterion is considered. As analytical solutions for these parameterized column models are not tractable, the ultimate loads of the composite columns are computed through finite-element analysis in ANSYS. And, the optimization is carried out by coupling these finite-element results with a genetic algorithm based optimization scheme developed in MATLAB. The optimal result obtained through this study is compared with an equivalent base model of cruciform cross-section. Results are reported for various lengths and boundary conditions of the columns. The comparison shows that a substantial increase of the ultimate load, as high as 610%, can be achieved through this optimization study. Thus, the present paper highlights some important characteristics of open cross-sections that can be useful in the design of thin-walled laminated column structures.
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Mehdizadeh, Ghazal, Mohammad R. Hematiyan, and Mohammad R. Nami. "Non-uniform torsion of open-section members considering cross-sectional curvatures." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 51, no. 6 (June 6, 2016): 444–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324716652315.
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Ecsedi, István, Ákos József Lengyel, Attila Baksa, and Dávid Gönczi. "Saint-Venant’s torsion of thin-walled nonhomogeneous open elliptical cross section." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 11, no. 5 (2021): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2021.5.15.
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This paper deals with the Saint-Venant’s torsion of thin-walled isotropic nonhomogeneous open elliptical cross section whose shear modulus depends on the one of the curvilinear coordinates which define the cross-sectional area of the beam. The approximate solution of torsion problem is obtained by variational method. The usual simplification assumptions are used to solve the uniform torsion problem of bars with thin-walled elliptical cross-sections. An example illustrates the application of the derived formulae of shearing stress and torsional rigidity.
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Borelli, Noah, Bouzid Choubane, James Greene, Charles Holzschuher, and James Fletcher. "Cross-Correlation Analysis of Line Laser High-speed Inertial Profilers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 5 (May 2020): 626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120917371.
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Thirteen different line-laser high-speed inertial profilers from four different manufacturers were recently tested at the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Inertial Profiler Test Track. The hot-mix asphalt (HMA) track incorporates both dense and open-graded sections with international roughness index (IRI) values ranging from 34 to 104 in./mi. A cross-correlation analysis was performed on the resulting ride data. The accuracy comparison was performed using a SurPro reference profiler. The profilers as a group met the AASHTO R 56 cross-correlation criteria on each section except on a smooth, open-graded section. The profilers as a group met the repeatability cross-correlation on this section, but did not meet the accuracy cross-correlation requirement. This paper presents a description of the testing program, data collection efforts and subsequent analyses and findings.
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HEMATIYAN, M. R., and E. ESTAKHRIAN. "TORSION OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED OPEN-SECTION MEMBERS." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 04, no. 02 (June 2012): 1250020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825112500202.
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There exist some approximate analytical methods for torsion analysis of homogeneous open cross-section members; however, no analytical formulation has been presented for solving a torsion problem of inhomogeneous open cross-section members yet. In this paper, an approximate analytical method for the torsion analysis of thin- to moderately thick-walled functionally graded open-section members with uniform thickness is presented. The shear modulus of rigidity is assumed to have a variation across the thickness. The cross-section is decomposed into some straight, curved and end segments. The torsion problem is then solved in each segment considering some appropriate approximations. By presenting three examples, accuracy of the presented method with respect to thickness, corner radius, and material parameters are investigated. The results show that the proposed method is useful for torsion analysis of thin- to moderately thick-walled functionally graded open-section members.
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Easa, Said M., and Yan-Cheng Han. "New Compound Open Channel Section with Polynomial Sides: Improving Cost and Aesthetics." Water 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081545.
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Previous research on compound trapezoidal cross sections has mainly focused on improving the prediction of the discharge (flow rate) because of its inherent challenges. This paper focuses on two other important aspects: Section shape and optimal construction cost. First, the paper proposes a new compound section with third-degree polynomial sides of main channel with horizontal bottom (HB) that allows its top corners to be smooth, called herein compound polynomial section. The special cases of this versatile section include the simple polynomial section, polygonal section, trapezoidal-rectangular section, two-segment linear-side section, and parabolic bottom-trapezoidal section. The simple polynomial section, which is the bank-full part of the compound polynomial section, can further produce parabolic (with or without HB), trapezoidal, rectangular, and triangular sections. Second, an optimization model that minimizes construction cost (excavation and lining) of the compound (or simple) polynomial section is developed. The model includes discharge and physical constraints. Theoretical and empirical methods of discharge prediction were used in the model. The results show that the simple polynomial section was more economical than the popular parabolic section by up to 8.6% when the side slopes were restricted. The new polynomial-based sections not only reduced construction cost, but also improved maintenance and aesthetics. As such, the new sections should be of interest to researchers and practitioners in hydraulic engineering.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Open cross section"
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MANCILLA, RENZO CAYO. "NONLINEAR VIBRATIONS AND STABILITY OF SLENDER BARS WITH OPEN CROSS-SECTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35617@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Em virtude de sua eficiência, elementos estruturais de paredes finas com seções abertas são comuns em estruturas de aço, sendo secção em I, L, C e T usuais na prática de engenharia. A maior parte das vigas de parede fina tem uma boa resistência à flexão em relação ao eixo principal de inércia, mas uma baixa rigidez à flexão em relação ao eixo de menor inércia e uma baixa rigidez em torção. É por isso que estes elementos apresentam em geral uma instabilidade que leva a um acoplamento de flexo-torção. Muitas destas estruturas trabalham em um regime não linear e uma formulação não linear que leve em conta grandes deslocamentos e os acoplamentos inerentes é necessária. Neste trabalho um modelo não linear para vigas de seção aberta e paredes finas, considerando grandes deslocamentos, os efeitos de encurtamento e acoplamentos em flexão e torção é adotado. Inicialmente um estudo das frequências naturais, das cargas críticas e da relação frequência-carga axial é apresentado para diversos perfis. Com base nestes resultados, faz-se um estudo detalhado do comportamento dinâmico não linear destes perfis destacando o efeito do acoplamento não linear na região de ressonância e sua influência na estabilidade dinâmica da estrutura. Para isto são usadas diversas ferramentas de dinâmica não linear, tais como diagramas de bifurcação, respostas no tempo e plano de fase e bacias de atração. Os resultados mostram que a consideração dos acoplamentos não lineares é essencial para se avaliar o nível de segurança destas estruturas.
Due to its efficiency, thin-walled structural elements with open sections, such as I, L, C and Z profiles, are common in steel structures, being usual in engineering applications. Most thin-walled beams have a good flexural strength around of the principal axis of inertia, but a low one around the axis of lower inertia as well as low torsional stiffness. That is why these elements, generally, show instabilities that lead to flexural torsional coupling. Many of these structures do not work in a linear range and a non-linear formulation that takes into account large displacements and associated couplings is required. This dissertation presents a nonlinear model for extensional beams with thin-walled open section, considering large displacements, and flexural-torsional couplings. Initially a study of the natural frequencies, critical load and axial load vs. frequency relation is presented for different profile kinds. Based on these results, a detailed study of the dynamic behavior of non-linear profiles is made, highlighting the effect of non-linear coupling in the resonance region and its influence on the dynamic stability of the structure. For this, various tools of nonlinear dynamics are used, such as bifurcation diagrams, time histories and phase-space portraits and basins of attraction. The results show that the consideration of non-linear couplings is essential to availed the safety level of these structures.
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Marjang, Nat. "Calculated Surface Velocity Coeffiecients for Prismatic Open Channels by Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Modeling." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/64.
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A turbulence model was developed for computing surface velocity coefficients and discharge under steady, uniform flow conditions for rectangular and compound open-channel cross sections. Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, Reynolds stress equations, and kinetic energy and dissipation equations were applied in the model using the finite-volume method with the SIMPLER algorithm. The models show graphical results of the velocity distributions in the longitudinal bed slope direction, secondary velocities, pressure, turbulence kinetic energy, and kinetic energy dissipation rate across the cross section. Also, the surface velocity coefficients were computed at increments of one-eighth of the base width from the vertical walls to the center of the cross section, and the submergence depth of the floating object from zero to 30 cm, with a 5-cm depth increment.
Four different sets of Reynolds stress equations (one set by Boussinesq hypothesis and three sets of algebraic stress model) were used to calculate the results. Only one version of the algebraic stress model was successful in predicting the depression of the maximum streamwise velocity below the water surface. The model was calibrated and verified using laboratory data collected at Utah State University. Calculated discharges from the turbulence model had very good agreement with the laboratory data. The surface velocity coefficients from model results were generally lower than the results from the laboratory data, but higher than the values published by the United States Bureau of Reclamation.
Standard cross sections of rectangular and compound cross sections were defined to simulate the model results and model sensitivity to parameter changes. The model results were summarized to show the relationship between surface velocity coefficient and channel characteristics compared with the published values by the USBR. For rectangular cross sections, the coefficients from the model are higher than the published USBR values. But the coefficients from the model and USBR are in very close agreement for the tested compound cross sections. The published coefficients by the USBR are a function of only average water depth. However, the model results show that the coefficients are also related to channel size, surface roughness height, float submergence depth, and lateral location of the float object. These factors should be included in the determination of the surface velocity coefficient to improve the discharge estimations from the application of the float method.
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NINA, JULIO CESAR COAQUIRA. "NONLINEAR OSCILLATIONS AND DYNAMIC INSTABILITY OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS WITH OPEN CROSS-SECTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33893@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Estruturas com elementos de seção aberta e paredes delgadas são amplamente utilizados em estruturas metálicas. Estes elementos têm, em geral, baixa rigidez a torção. Para seções monosimétricas e assimétricas, quando o centro de cisalhamento não coincide com o centro de gravidade, pode ocorrer acoplamento entre flexão e torção. Devido à baixa rigidez à torção, podem ocorrer grandes rotações das seções transversais da viga. Assim, uma análise do comportamento de tais elementos estruturais, levando em consideração a não linearidade geométrica, é desejável. Com este objetivo, equações diferenciais parciais de movimento que descrevem o acoplamento flexão-flexão-torção são utilizadas, em conjunto com o método de Galerkin, para se obter um conjunto de equações discretizadas de movimentos, que é resolvido pelo método Runge-Kutta. A partir das equações linearizadas, obtêm-se as frequências naturais, cargas críticas axiais e a relação entre carga axial e frequência para vigas com diferentes condições de contorno. A seguir, estudam-se as oscilações não lineares e bifurcações de uma viga engastada-livre submetida a cargas laterais harmônicas. Uma análise paramétrica detalhada, usando várias ferramentas de dinâmica não linear, investiga o comportamento dinâmico não linear e não planar da viga nas três primeiras regiões de ressonância e a influência da não linearidade, posição do carregamento, restrições à torção e parâmetros de controle do carregamento na estabilidade dinâmica da estrutura.
Structural elements with open and thin-walled section are widely used in metal structures. These elements have, in general, low torsional stiffness. For monosymmetric and asymmetric sections, when the shear center does not coincide with the center of gravity coupling between bending and torsion may occur. Due to the low torsional stiffness, large twist beam cross sections may arise. Thus, an analysis of the behavior of such structural elements, taking into account the geometric nonlinearity, is desirable. For this purpose, partial differential equations describing the flexural-flexural-torsional coupling are used in conjunction with the Galerkin method to obtain a set of discretized equations of motion, which is solved by the Runge-Kutta method. From the linearized equations, we obtain the natural frequencies, axial critical loads, and the axial load and frequency relationship for beams with different boundary conditions. Next, we study the nonlinear oscillations and bifurcations of a clamped-free beam subjected to harmonic lateral loads. A detailed parametric analysis, using various nonlinear dynamics tools, investigates the nonlinear dynamic behavior and nonplanar motions of the beam for the first three regions of resonance and the influence of the non-linearity, loading position, torsional restraints and load control parameters on the dynamic stability of the structure.
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Paquet, Jeanne. "Development of a new design method for the cross-section capacity of steel open sections at high temperatures." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69308.
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À hautes températures, les propriétés de l’acier sont affectées et sa résistance est donc moindre que sa résistance à température ambiante. Des méthodes de calculs différentes doivent donc être utilisées pour prédire la résistance dans la situation exceptionnelle d’incendie. Les normes actuelles proposent des méthodes simplifiées pour prédire la résistance de l’acier à haute température. Toutefois, ces méthodes sont inspirées des méthodes de dimensionnement à froid et ne sont donc généralement pas adéquates pour prédire de façon précise la résistance des éléments en situations d’incendie. Ce mémoire présente les recherches effectuées pour la proposition d’une nouvelle méthode de calcul pour les sections d’acier ouvertes soumises à de hautes températures en utilisant l’Overall Interaction Concept (O.I.C). Cette méthode est basée sur l’interaction entre la résistance et la stabilité et permet de considérer les imperfections géométriques et matérielles. Entre autres choses, l’avantage de cette nouvelle méthode est qu’elle permet d’obtenir des résultats précis et de conserver une continuité entre les prédictions. Un modèle numérique a été utilisé pour prédire la résistance de l’acier à hautes températures. Ce modèle a été validé en comparant les résultats avec des résultats expérimentaux. À la suite de la validation, le modèle a été utilisé pour conduire des simulations dans lesquelles plusieurs géométries, températures, limites élastiques et cas de chargement ont été considérés. Les résultats ont ensuite été utilisés pour proposer de nouvelles équations dans le format O.I.C. La performance de la nouvelle proposition a été évaluée et comparée avec la performance de normes existantes. Cette évaluation a permis de conclure que la proposition donne des résultats beaucoup plus précis. Finalement, l’évolution du comportement de l’acier entre la température ambiante et les hautes températures a brièvement été analysé. Puisque ce point est abordé de façon sommaire, il ouvre la porte vers de futures études sur le sujet.At high temperatures, steel suffers from great lossesin strength and stiffness. Different design methods must therefore be considered to predict the resistance of steel in the exceptional situation of fire. Current standards propose simplified methods to predict the resistance of steel at high temperatures. However, these methods are inspired by steel design equations used at room temperature and are therefore generally not suitable to predict accurately the resistance of steel elements in fire situation. This thesis presents research investigations pursued to propose a new design method for open steel cross-sections subjected to high temperatures by means of the Overall InteractionConcept (O.I.C.). This calculation method is based on the interaction between resistance and stability and allows to consider geometrical and material imperfections. The advantage of this new calculation method is that it allows to obtain precise results and to keep continuity between predictions contrarily to standards that use the cross-section classification. A numerical model, initially developed for open steel cross-sections at ambient temperature,was improved to predict the resistance of steel at high temperatures. It was then verified against experimental test results to ensure its accuracy. After validation, the numerical model was used to conduct simulations using different geometries, temperatures, yield limits andload cases. Results were then used to formulate new design proposals for cross-sections at high temperatures in the O.I.C. format. The performance of the new proposal was then evaluated et compared with the performance of existing standards. This evaluation allowed to conclude that the proposition is much more accurate than existing standards. Finally, the evolution of the behaviour of steel between cold and high temperature was briefly analysed. As this point was only briefly discussed, it opens the door for future studies on the subject.
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Eade, James C. "Investigation of open periodic structures of circular cross section and their transition to solid circular waveguide." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394873.
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Hoohlo, Changela. "A numerical and experimental study of open-channel flow in a pipe of circular cross-section with a flat bed." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/386.
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Uniform open-channel flow in a pipe of circular cross-section with a flat bed, is studied by experiment and numerical modelling. A pipe of diameter D= 305 nun, and mild bed slopes So = 4.63 x 10-4and 9.27 x 10-4was, studied - the former slope only by experiment. The bed thicknesses( e), e/D = 0.141, and 0.285 were studied experimentally and numerically, with e/D = 0.020, studied only numerically. Five flow depths (Y. ) were studied; (Y. +e)/D = 0.3,0.4 (and 0.416), 0.5,0.667, and 0.751. A smooth bed and bed roughnessesd,5 o= 0.93,4.20, and 1.71 mm were also used. Mono-chromatic Laser Doppler Anemometry (ILDA) was used to measure the local mean longitudinal (primary), and vertical velocities, and their respective turbulence intensifies. The primary velocity contours display dipped maxima and bulging towards the comer. The inwardly-curving side-walls slightly modify these contours. In each channel half there is a surface cell and a bottom cell. These move high momentum fluid away from the centreline towards the comer zone. The primmy and secondary flows are largely similar to those in rectangular channels. The wall shear force ratios obtained by the Vanoni-Brooks separation technique follow the empirical trend from various channel types. Similarity laws for the longitudinal mean velocity in the comer-influenced zones are proposed. The numerical model is based on the SIMPLE technique, and computes the flow on a Cartesian grid, using a non-linear k-e turbulence model with wall functions. The model boundary conditions were modified to reflect the effects of the comers, the curved side-wall, and a roughened bed. Model predictions of the primary mean velocities, and centreline turbulence intensities, are close to the experimental and empirical distributions. Primary velocity predictions for e/D = 0.020 compare well to the case of a clear pipe flowing part-fiffl. The predicted secondary flows are largely similar to the experimental patterns. Usage of a small mesh size (e. g. when (YO + e)/D < 0.5) results in side-wall points lying within the larninar sublayer, leading to inaccurate secondary flow prediction by the k-e model. As in rectangular channels, the predicted local boundary shear stress decreases from the centreline along the bed and minimises at the comer. On the side-walls, the model overpredicts the local boundary shear stresses. Nonetheless, computed wall shear force ratio values follow the empirical trend.
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Sterling, Mark. "A study of boundary shear stress, flow resistance and the free overfall in open channels with a circular cross-section." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312038.
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Fasel, Markus Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Braun-Munzinger, and Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wambach. "Single-electron analysis and open charm cross section in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV / Markus Fasel. Betreuer: Peter Braun-Munzinger ; Jochen Wambach." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1106256743/34.
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Orazbayev, Azamat. "Open Shell Effects in a Microscopic Optical Potential for Elastic Scattering of Exotic Helium Isotopes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1377604473.
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Beyer, André. "Résistance des barres en acier à section ouverte soumises à une combinaison d’effort normal, de flexion et de torsion." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0204/document.
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Des barres en acier à section ouverte sont, dans la majorité des cas, soumises à une combinaison d’effort normal et de flexion bi-axiale. Cependant, en raison de leur utilisation elles peuvent également être soumises à un moment de torsion. Même si les barres à section ouverte peuvent être soumises à des charges de torsion en pratique, l’Eurocode 3, ne définit pas comment la résistance de la barre peut être déterminée dans ces conditions. Ce pourquoi, l’objectif principal de cette thèse est de remplir cette lacune. Pour atteindre cet objectif, le comportement des barres métalliques soumises à une combinaison complexe de charges est étudié par voie théorique, expérimentale et numérique. Tout d’abord, la résistance plastique des barres est étudiée. En cas de torsion, il a été montré que les barres à section ouverte possèdent une réserve plastique importante qui ne peut pas être mise en évidence à l’aide d’une simple analyse élastique. Afin de tenir compte de l’effet bénéfique de la réserve plastique en torsion, une méthode d’analyse simplifiée est développée et validée par des analyses numériques. Ensuite, l’interaction plastique entre les efforts internes est étudiée. Des essais en laboratoire ont été réalisés afin de caractériser l’interaction entre l’effort tranchant et le moment de flexion. L’étude est ensuite étendue à l’aide de simulations numériques sur des cas d’interaction plus complexes incluant notamment des moments de torsion. Les essais accompagnés par l’étude numérique ont permis de mettre au point un modèle de résistance basé sur la méthode « Partial Internal Force Method » développée dans le passé. La dernière partie de la thèse concerne la résistance des barres à l’instabilité. Un modèle de résistance incluant l’effet de l’instabilité élasto-plastique est développé pour les barres métalliques en présence de torsion. Cette méthode est basée sur une extension des formules d’interaction proposées dans l’Eurocode. Afin de franchir certaines limitations liées à cette méthode, un deuxième modèle de résistance est développé pour les barres en I dans le format du « Overall Interaction Concept »Structural steel members with open cross-section are, in the majority of cases, subject to a combination of axial forces and mono- or bi-axial bending. Nonetheless, owing to specific use they may be subject to torsion as well. Even if torsional loads are of practical interest for steel members of open section, the European standard for the design of steel structures, Eurocode 3, does not contain a generally accepted design method addressing the resistance of these members. Consequently, the main objective of this thesis is to close the lack in the current standard. So as to attain this objective the behaviour of members of open section subject to a complex load combination has been studied theoretically, experimentally and numerically. First, the plastic resistance of steel members has been analysed. It has been shown that members subject to torsion may possess a high plastic system reserve that cannot be predicted by simple elastic analysis. So as to account for the beneficial effect of the plastic reserve, a simplified analysis method has been developed and validated with numerical simulations. After this, the plastic interaction between all internal forces and moments has been studied. Several laboratory tests have been performed to characterise the interaction between bending moments and the shear force. The study is then extended to more complex interaction cases including torsion by means of numerical simulations. The laboratory test and the numerical simulations allowed the development of a precise resistance model based on the “Partial Internal Force Method” developed in the past. The last part of this thesis was dedicated to the member resistance including instability. A resistance model has been developed based on the Eurocode 3 interaction equations. So as to overcome some of the limitations linked to this method, a second design approach is developed based on the “Overall Interaction Concept”
Books on the topic "Open cross section"
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Sterling, Mark. A study of boundary shear stress, flow resistance and the free overfall in open channels with a circular cross-section. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1998.
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Yuen, Wai-hong Kenneth. A study of boundary shear stress, flow resistance and momentum transfer in open channels with simple and compound trapezoidal cross section. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.
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Pischik, Vlada, Tat'yana Chernousova, Margarita Postnikova, Anastasiya Miklyaeva, Nadezhda Sivrikova, Irina Abakumova, and Garnik Akopov. The life of modern generations: socio-psychological trends. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1911533.
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The monograph includes studies of the last decades by a group of scientists engaged in solving problems of theoretical and methodological study of the problem of psychological manifestations of modern generations. The authors reflected the versatility of definitions of the concept of "generation" and revealed the multidimensional phenomenon of generations. The author's approach to the succession of generations deserves attention, which opens up prospects in the study of intergenerational relations. A level model of value-semantic mediation of intergenerational relations is presented, which allows a comprehensive look at the manifestations of generations. Reviews of generational studies are presented and empirical cross-sections are presented in the value-semantic perspective of the formation of generations. The problem of perception of generations by each other in age and gender aspects is considered in a special way. Attention is paid to the problems of spreading the belief in conspiracies in the modern youth environment and the harmful consequences of this. The empirical model of the conspirativist mentality is the beginning of research in this regard.
It is addressed to philosophers, cultural scientists, sociologists, psychologists of various schools and anyone interested in new and recurring trends in human development in the world.
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Metzinger, Thomas, and Jennifer M. Windt, eds. Open MIND, 2-vol. set. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10603.001.0001.
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A unique interdisciplinary collection of papers and commentaries by leading researchers and rising scholars, representing the latest research on consciousness, mind, and brain. This collection offers the most comprehensive collection on consciousness, brain, and mind available. It gathers 39 original papers by leaders in the field followed by commentaries written by emerging scholars and replies by the original paper's authors. Taken together, the papers, commentaries, and replies provide a cross-section of cutting-edge research in philosophy and cognitive science. Open MIND is an experiment in both interdisciplinary and intergenerational scholarship. Open MIND grows out of the MIND Group, an independent, international body of young philosophers and scientists with a strong interest in the mind, consciousness, and cognition. The original and supporting materials are available online at open-mind.net. Authors includeMichael L. Anderson, Andreas Bartels, Tim Bayne, Christian Beyer, Ned Block, Paul M. Churchland, Andy Clark, Carl S. Craver, Holk Cruse, Daniel C. Dennett, Jérôme Dokic, Chris Eliasmith, Kathinka Evers, Vittorio Gallese, Philip Gerrans, Rick Grush, John-Dylan Haynes, Heiko Hecht, J. Allan Hobson, Jakob Hohwy, Pierre Jacob, J. Scott Jordan, Victor Lamme, Bigna Lenggenhager, Caleb Liang, Richard Menary, Albert Newen, Alva Noë, Gerard O'Brien, Elisabeth Pacherie, Jesse Prinz, Joëlle Proust, Antti Revonsuo, Adina Roskies, Jonathan Schooler, Anil K. Seth, Wolf Singer, Evan Thompson, Ursula Voss, Kenneth Williford
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Lonkar, Suresh. Bending and Torsion of Thin Walled Beams with Variable, Open Cross Sections. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
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McLean, Kate C., ed. Cultural Methods in Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095949.001.0001.
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This volume focuses on cultural methodologies in psychology. Chapters focus on a diverse array of methodologies employed in cultural and cross-cultural psychology, including various interview methodologies, digital tools, use of media representations, exposure to positive exemplars, survey and experience sampling, and participatory action research. Each chapter discusses a particular methodology in the context of a particular topic, such as identity development, racism, implicit bias, immigration, social class, colonialism, trauma, violence, gender, and sexuality. These topics and methods are arranged across three sections that focus on methods that are meant to describe culture and cultural phenomena; methods that transform culture; and a section on broad, overarching issues, such as the colonial harm inflicted by scientific research, diversity in open science, and intersectionality. The volume is meant to enrich the practice of those already engaged in cultural research, and to help to build the skills of those just starting out.
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Eberhardt, Kai-Ole, and Ingo Bultmann, eds. Das Spannungsfeld von Religion und Politik. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845296982.
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In this volume, theories and concepts on religion and politics from current debates are analysed and discussed in an interdisciplinary manner. The articles it contains represent current research positions from theology, sociology and religious studies, and can be seen as a joint effort that contributes to one of today’s dominant cross-disciplinary research questions. The first section discusses models that interpret the relationship between religion and politics and help to understand political phenomena from theological, religious–philosophical and sociological perspectives. The volume focuses on several studies about the social dimension of the new relationship between politics and religion. These articles discuss the possibilities of interacting in and with society against a backdrop of political and religious tensions, examining the role of institutions and law especially. In a concluding section, the authors take a look at exemplary cultural contexts. Articles about America, Europe and the Middle East open up a global perspective necessary to venture into an area of conflict far beyond the boundaries of national societies. Among the contributions is a so far unpublished lecture by the theologian Hans Joachim Iwand. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Peter Antes, Prof. Dr. Peter Browning, Dr. Ingo Bultmann, Prof. Dr. Matthias Bös, Dr. Kai-Ole Eberhardt, Dr. Margit Ernst-Habib, Dr. Steffen Führding, Dr. Jens Greve, Prof. Dr. Rebekka A. Klein, Prof. Dr. Karsten Lehmann, Prof. Dr. Dr. Frieder Ludwig, Lukas Nestvogel, Dr. Catharina Peeck-Ho, Dr. Matt Sheedy
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Halvorsen, Tar, and Peter Vale. One World, Many Knowledges: Regional experiences and cross-regional links in higher education. African Minds, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/978-0-620-55789-4.
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Various forms of academic co-operation criss-cross the modern university system in a bewildering number of ways, from the open exchange of ideas and knowledge, to the sharing of research results, and frank discussions about research challenges. Embedded in these scholarly networks is the question of whether a global template for the management of both higher education and national research organisations is necessary, and if so, must institutions slavishly follow the high-flown language of the global knowledge society or risk falling behind in the ubiquitous university ranking system? Or are there alternatives that can achieve a better, more ethically inclined, world? Basing their observations on their own experiences, an interesting mix of seasoned scholars and new voices from southern Africa and the Nordic region offer critical perspectives on issues of inter- and cross-regional academic co-operation. Several of the chapters also touch on the evolution of the higher education sector in the two regions. An absorbing and intelligent study, this book will be invaluable for anyone interested in the strategies scholars are using to adapt to the interconnectedness of the modern world. It offers fresh insights into how academics are attempting to protect the spaces in which they can freely and openly debate the challenges they face, while aiming to transform higher education, and foster scholarly collaboration. The Southern African-Nordic Centre (SANORD) is a partnership of higher education institutions from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. SANORDs primary aim is to promote multilateral research co-operation on matters of importance to the development of both regions. Our activities are based on the values of democracy, equity, and mutually beneficial academic engagement.
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Sabino, Cassese, von Bogdandy Armin, and Huber Peter, eds. The Max Planck Handbooks in European Public Law: Volume I: The Administrative State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198726401.001.0001.
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This book is one of seven volumes that provides a comparative analysis of European public law. As the gradual transformation of Europe continues to leave its mark on domestic public law, the book provide an overview of the different sections of public law, including its istorical and constitutional foundations, its intellectual history, and open statehood, public law and public authority, and administrative and judicial review. Each volume includes scene-setting chapters laying open the heart of the issue, detailing the challenges for the field, and providing a roadmap for the individual country reports. Chapters address the individual legal orders of their country, permitting comparative analysis across jurisdictions. Finally, cross-cutting chapters examine the European approaches taken when dealing with specific legal challenges. This volume looks initially at the idea of a European public law as it exists today, and as it has been conceived in the past. Two chapters compare the administrative states of Europe and the USA, and a further nine chapters examine central questions of administrative law in their separate jurisdictions. Finally the complex relationship between administrative law and constitutional law is laid bare, before questions of statehood, typology, and transformation are addressed. A final chapter looks at the growing concept of ‘Europeanization’ in relation to public law.
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Baer, Gregor, and Karen O’Flynn, eds. Financing Company Group Restructurings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738466.001.0001.
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This book provides the first comprehensive treatment of out-of-court restructuring and post-commencement insolvency financing in the corporate group setting, domestically and internationally. Bringing together a collection of distinguished contributors-academics and practitioners at the forefront of insolvency practice and law reform efforts-the book addresses and critiques “state of the art” practice and work-arounds for financing out-of-court restructurings as well as judicial reorganisations, going-concern liquidations and administration proceedings of financially distressed global business groups. The book opens with a detailed introduction from the editors which provides an overview of domestic law issues and an exploration of principles guiding judicial and administrative cooperation to facilitate group financing in cross-border cases. The final section analyzes regional and global law reform and harmonisation progress to date. This book is a valuable resource for practitioners who must structure (and courts that must approve) financing for global enterprise groups in reorganisation. With another wave of global corporate group failures anticipated, practitioners, courts and policy makers are well served by a work describing cutting-edge advances in this field in domestic and cross-border cases.
Book chapters on the topic "Open cross section"
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Shestopalov, Yury, Yury Smirnov, and Eugene Smolkin. "Open Waveguides of Arbitrary Cross Section." In Optical Waveguide Theory, 221–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0584-1_5.
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Nguyen, TeRon V., Daniel Krajzewicz, Matthew Fullerton, and Eric Nicolay. "DFROUTER—Estimation of Vehicle Routes from Cross-Section Measurements." In Modeling Mobility with Open Data, 3–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15024-6_1.
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Ho, Viet Long, Guido De Roeck, Thanh Bui-Tien, and Magd Abdel Wahab. "Determination of the Effective Stiffness of Half-Open Cross-Section Bars and Orthotropic Steel Deck of a Truss Bridge Using Model Updating." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 97–108. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9893-7_6.
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Bullinger, M., C. E. Angermann, and B. M. Kemkes. "Psychological well-being of heart transplant patients — cross-sectional and longitudinal results." In Quality of Life after Open Heart Surgery, 445–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2640-3_44.
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Linåker, Johan, and Per Runeson. "Collaboration in Open Government Data Ecosystems: Open Cross-sector Sharing and Co-development of Data and Software." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 290–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57599-1_22.
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Tsang, Jo-Ann, Rosemary L. Al-Kire, Edward B. Davis, Hilary N. Alwood, and Wade C. Rowatt. "Methodological Diversity in Positive Psychology and the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality." In Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, 113–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10274-5_8.
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AbstractAlthough psychologists were certainly not the first to study flourishing, virtues, spirituality, and religiousness, one of their key contributions has been to examine these constructs using the scientific method. Complex concepts such as gratitude, humility, spirituality, and religiousness present unique challenges to researchers, requiring them to utilize equal doses of scientific rigor and methodological ingenuity. In this chapter, we describe some of these efforts in both positive psychology and the psychology of religion/spirituality (R/S). Specifically, we provide examples of research using correlational cross-sectional data, longitudinal data, experiments, field research, and qualitative and mixed methods. We then discuss the strengths and weaknesses of using each approach to study positive psychological and religious/spiritual constructs. We note some advances in technology that may open new directions for research, and we discuss future directions for the fields, including issues of research transparency and the need for cross-cultural research.
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Toda, Norio, and Nobutoshi Yoshimura. "Use of Off-Set Beam Elements in a Model for Torsional Deflection Analysis of a Grid Structure of Open Cross Sections." In Computational Mechanics ’86, 353–58. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68042-0_46.
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Kledal, Paul Rye, Bettina König, and Daniel Matulić. "Aquaponics: The Ugly Duckling in Organic Regulation." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 487–500. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_19.
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AbstractDue to the cyclic or systemic nature of both aquaponics and organic production, organic certification appears to be a natural step for a researcher, system designer or commercial-oriented aquaponics producer to engage in. However, the underlying principles and justifications of aquaponics and organic production differ considerably between respectively a technological- and a soil-based understanding of nutrient cycles and long-term sustainability in food production. These principles are confirmed in both the organic regulation regime of the EU and USA, and presently leave the question ambiguously open as to whether aquaponics as a food production system can be recognized and certified as organic. Despite an openness in the organic regulation for new knowledge, adaptations and innovations, the organic sector itself has shown a reluctance to recognize more knowledge-based intensive speciality crops and technologies. This is particularly difficult with respect to small organic sub-sectors such as horticulture and aquaculture production. Both are very specific subsystems of the agricultural sector, where aquaponics potentially would belong at the intersection between organic greenhouse horticulture and organic aquaculture. Organically certified aquaponics would therefore need to establish a niche within the organic sector. So in order to move forward, there is a great need for a more serious but open-minded exchange and discussion among the aquaponics and organic sub-sectors themselves to explore the potential but also limitations of their respective production models. However, between the two food production systems, there should be room for debate with a view to finding new and feasible roles for aquaponics in the organic community.
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Reynolds, Matthew P., and Hans-Joachim Braun. "Wheat Improvement." In Wheat Improvement, 3–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_1.
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AbstractWheat is a staple for rich and poor alike. Its improvement as a discipline was boosted when statisticians first distinguished heritable variation from environment effects. Many twentieth century crop scientists contributed to the Green Revolution that tripled yield potential of staple crops but yield stagnation is now a concern, especially considering the multiple challenges facing food security. Investments in modern technologies – phenomics, genomics etc. – provide tools to take both translational research and crop breeding to the next level. Herein wheat experts address three main themes: “Delivering Improved Germplasm” outlining theory and practice of wheat breeding and the attendant disciplines; ‘Translational Research to Incorporate Novel Traits’ covers biotic and abiotic challenges and outlines links between more fundamental research and crop breeding. However, effective translational research takes time and can be off-putting to funders and scientists who feel pressure to deliver near-term impacts. The final section ‘Rapidly Evolving Technologies & Likely Potential’ outlines methods that can boost translational research and breeding. The volume by being open access aims to disseminate a comprehensive textbook on wheat improvement to public and private wheat breeders globally, while serving as a benchmark of the current status as we address the formidable challenges that agriculture faces for the foreseeable future.
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Rădulescu, Maria Alina, Wim Leendertse, and Jos Arts. "Living Labs: A Creative and Collaborative Planning Approach." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship, 457–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_15.
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AbstractCommunities around the world are facing an increasing number of ‘wicked problems’, many of which are spatial issues. Therefore, high expectations are placed on the role of planning in addressing them. However, such complex challenges cannot be easily solved with the traditional, sectoral planning approaches, or by planners and decision-makers alone; they require a cross-sectoral and societal-inclusive understanding and collaboration of various kinds of stakeholders. Consequently, in the search for new approaches and tools that favour experimentation, flexibility, and collaboration, planners and decision-makers are turning their attention towards the private sector, where Living Labs have been extensively used in open and user-oriented innovation. Despite the growing number of studies that picture them as a ‘magic recipe’ for experimentation and development of creative solutions for ‘wicked problems’, Living Labs have only recently started gaining attention in the spatial domain. In this chapter, we position Living Labs as a creative and collaborative planning approach. Based on a literature review on Living Labs, and on empirical research carried out in three spatial planning and water infrastructure projects from the Netherlands, we propose a five-phased ‘living lab way of working’ and reflect on the role of Living Labs as a planning method. We end by outlining several recommendations that could be useful when considering the use of Living Labs as a planning method. The conclusion of this chapter shows that despite the challenges they pose, Living Labs represent a relevant and growing practice in spatial planning, especially because they provide a conducive way of connecting local-scale and larger-scale planning issues and solutions.
Conference papers on the topic "Open cross section"
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Kashyap, S., A. Louie, and Robert Paknys. "Radar cross section computation for open ended waveguide structures." In 1998 Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics. IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/antem.1998.7861726.
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Coaquira, Júlio C., Paulo B. Gonçalves, and Eulher C. Carvalho. "Dynamic Instability of Cantilever Beams With Open Cross-Section." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65674.
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Structural elements with thin-walled open cross-sections are common in metal and composite structures. These thin-walled beams have generally a good flexural strength with respect to the axis of greatest inertia, but a low flexural stiffness in relation to the second principal axis and a low torsional stiffness. These elements generally have an instability, which leads to a flexural-flexural-torsional coupling. The same applies to the vibration modes. Many of these structures work in a nonlinear regime, and a nonlinear formulation that takes into account large displacements and the flexural-flexural-torsional coupling is required. In this work a nonlinear beam theory that takes into account large displacements, warping and shortening effects, as well as flexural-flexural-torsional coupling is adopted. The governing nonlinear equations of motion are discretized in space using the Galerkin method and the discretized equations of motion are solved by the Runge-Kutta method. Special attention is given to the nonlinear oscillations of beams with low torsional stiffness and its influence on the bifurcations and instabilities of the structure, a problem not tackled in the previous literature on this subject. Time responses, phase portraits and bifurcation diagrams are used to unveil the complex dynamic.
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Ivanov, St, V. Vestman, and P. Collin. "Additional Effects from Transforming Open Bridge Cross Section to Semi-Closed." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0893.
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<p>Strengthening steel-concrete composite girder bridges with open cross section by implementation of additional horizontal bottom bracing is one elegant solution, which has proven to be effective in reducing the normal stresses in the steel beams by sharing effectively the applied eccentric traffic loads. The paper reviews the additional effects onto the stress state of the concrete slab coming from the transformation of open conventional twin girder steel-concrete composite bridge cross section to semi-closed (box-section). These effects are investigated through the help of FE model of a bridge superstructure. Conclusions and recommendations are drawn at the end.</p>
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Malyshev, G. S., A. S. Raevskii, S. B. Raevskii, and A. A. Titarenko. "Universal method for calculating the open dielectric waveguides with arbitrary cross-section." In Optical Technologies for Telecommunications 2013, edited by Vladimir A. Andreev, Vladimir A. Burdin, Albert H. Sultanov, and Oleg G. Morozov. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2052690.
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Rozylo, Patryk, and Hubert Debski. "Progressive failure analysis of thin-walled composite structure with open cross-section." In COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ENGINEERING (TKI’2018): Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Computational Technologies in Engineering. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5092010.
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Duan, Jin, and Yun-Gui Li. "About the Torsional Constant for thin-walled rod with open cross-section." In 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-17.2018.43.
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Yu, Dianlong, Yaozong Liu, Jing Qiu, Gang Wang, and Jihong Wen. "Triply Coupled Vibration Band Gaps in Periodic Thin-Walled Open Cross Section Beams." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79880.
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Triply coupled vibration through periodic thin-walled open cross section nonsymmetrical beams composed of two kinds of material is studied in this paper. Based on the triply coupled vibration equation, plane wave expansion method for the thin-walled beams is provided. If the filling fraction keeps constant, the lattice is one of the factors that affect the normalized gap width. If the lattice and filling fraction keep constant, the Young’s modulus contrast plays a fundamental role for the band gap width, but not density contrast. Finally, the frequency response of a finite periodic binary beam is simulated with finite element method, which provides an attenuation of over 20dB in the frequency range of the band gaps. The findings will be significant in the application of phononic crystals.
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Sun, Guangcai, WenLi Wei, Pei Zhang, GuoLi Yang, and Wenxue Hu. "Calculation of Optimal Hydraulic Cross Section in a Cubic Parabola-Shape Open Channel." In 2011 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2011.5748593.
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Ogi, Yoshiro, and Ken Higuchi. "Dynamics of a Spin-Axis Extending Shaft of Thin-Walled Open Cross-Section." In 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
16th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
10t. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1955.
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CHRISTIDI, Ilektra. "Open b and bb cross section using inclusive and exclusive channels at ATLAS." In The 13th International Conference on B-Physics at Hadron Machines. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.129.0009.
Full textReports on the topic "Open cross section"
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Gómez-Lobo, Andrés, Santiago Sánchez González, Vileydy González Mejia, and Agustina Calatayud. Open configuration options Agglomeration and Congestion in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003984.
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In this paper we explore the possible impact of urban congestion on agglomeration economies for a cross-section set of cities in Latin America. We use travel time data from Tom Tom to estimate wage regressions equations controlling for city size and congestion. We use population in each city in the 19th and early 20th century as instruments for current city size (measures by population). In our baseline estimates, we find an elasticity of wages to city size of 0.05, very similar to previous research in the region. When congestion is included in the estimation, we find that agglomeration economies are reduced. This holds even after using rain-days and average yearly as an instrument for congestion. Our results imply that congestion is a drag on economic productivity. This indirect cost of congestion is considerably larger economically than the direct cost measured as the loss of valuable time for citizens.
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Han, Fei, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, Mehdi Marashi, Timothy Wells, and Mir Zaheer. Verification of Bridge Foundation Design Assumptions and Calculations. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317084.
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The Sagamore Parkway Bridge consists of twin parallel bridges over the Wabash River in Lafayette, IN. The old steel-truss eastbound bridge was demolished in November 2016 and replaced by a new seven-span concrete bridge. The new bridge consists of two end-bents (bent 1 and bent 8) and six interior piers (pier 2 to pier 7) that are founded on closed-ended and open-ended driven pipe piles, respectively. During bridge construction, one of the bridge piers (pier 7) and its foundation elements were selected for instrumentation for monitoring the long-term response of the bridge to dead and live loads. The main goals of the project were (1) to compare the design bridge loads (dead and live loads) with the actual measured loads and (2) to study the transfer of the superstructure loads to the foundation and the load distribution among the piles in the group. This report presents in detail the site investigation data, the instrumentation schemes used for load and settlement measurements, and the response of the bridge pier and its foundation to dead and live loads at different stages during and after bridge construction. The measurement results include the load-settlement curves of the bridge pier and the piles supporting it, the load transferred from the bridge pier to its foundation, the bearing capacity of the pile cap, the load eccentricity, and the distribution of loads within the pier’s cross section and among the individual piles in the group. The measured dead and live loads are compared with those estimated in bridge design.
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Figueredo, Luisa, Liliana Martinez, and Joao Paulo Almeida. Current role of Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Craniopharyngiomas. A 10-year Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Comparison with the Open Transcranial Approach. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0045.
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Review question / Objective: To identify and review studies published in the last ten years, presenting the efficacy and outcomes of EEA and TCA for patients with cranio-pharyngiomas. Eligibility criteria: Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (a) retrospective and prospective studies and (b) observational studies (i.e., cross-sectional, case-control, case-series). The outcomes included visual outcomes (improvement, no changes, worsening), endocrinological outcomes (permanent diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism), operatory site infection, meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid leak, stroke, hemorrhage, and mortality. Studies were excluded if they were determined to be: (a) case-report studies, (b) studies testing genetic disorders, (c) poster presentation abstracts without full-text availability, (d) systematic reviews, and (e) metanalyses.
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Khan, Mahreen. Public Financial Management and Transitioning out of Aid. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.145.
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This rapid review found an absence of literature focused specifically on measuring the impact of PFM and governance systems in countries that have transitioned from aid, by moving up the income ladder. However, there are a few academic publications and a limited number of studies by multilateral, such as the World Bank, that examine the role of PFM and governance systems in countries that are transitioning or have moved away from aid. However, the importance of public financial management (PFM) and governance systems in development is well established and seen as a pre-requisite for economic growth. To effectively transition from aid, most low-income countries (LICs) need to upgrade their PFM and governance systems to meet the different scale, resources, accountability mechanisms, and capacity-building requirements of a middle-income country (MIC). The absence of the above empirical evidence may be due to the complexity of measuring the impact of PFM reforms as the results are non-linear, difficult to isolate from other policies to establish causality, and manifest in a longer time frame. However, through comparative country studies, the consequences of deficient PFM and governance have been well documented. So impaired budgetary planning, implementation, and reporting, limited fiscal transparency, weak accountability mechanisms, resource leakage, and inefficient service delivery are well recognised as detrimental to economic growth and development. The literature on transitioning countries focuses predominantly on the impact of aid withdrawal on the social sector, where comparative qualitative data is easier to obtain and the effects are usually more immediate, visible, and may even extend to global health outcomes, such as in AIDS prevention programmes. Thus, tracking the progress of donor-assisted social sector programmes is relatively easier than for PFM and governance reforms. The literature is more abundant on the overall lessons of transitions from aid both for country governments and donors. The key lessons underscore the importance of PFM and governance systems and mechanisms to a successful transition up the income ladder: Planning for transition should be strategic, detailed and specifically geared to mitigate against risks, explicitly assessing the best mix of finance options to mitigate the impact of aid reduction/withdrawal on national budgets. The plan must be led by a working group or ministry and have timelines and milestones; Where PFM and governance is weak transition preparation should include strengthening PFM especially economic and fiscal legislation, administration, and implementation; Stakeholders such as donor partners (DPs) and NGOs should participate in the planning process with clear, open, and ongoing communication channels; Political and economic assessments in the planning and mid-term phases as well as long-term monitoring and evaluation should be instituted; Build financial, technical, and management capacity throughout the plan implementation This helpdesk report draws on academic, policy, and grey sources from the previous seven years rather than the usual K4D five-year window, to account for the two-year disruption of COVID-19. As cross-country studies on PFM and governance are scarce, a few older studies are also referenced to ensure a comprehensive response to the query. The report focuses on low-income countries transitioning from aid due to a change in status to lower-middle-income countries.
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Finkelshtain, Israel, and Tigran Melkonyan. The economics of contracts in the US and Israel agricultures. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695590.bard.
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Research Objectives 1) Reviewing the rich economic literature on contracting and agricultural contracting; 2) Conducting a descriptive comparative study of actual contracting patterns in the U.S. and Israeli agricultural sectors; 3) Theoretical analysis of division of assets ownership, authority allocation and incentives in agricultural production contracts; 4) Theoretical analysis of strategic noncompetitive choice of agricultural production and marketing contracts, 5) Empirical studies of contracting in agricultural sectors of US and Israel, among them the broiler industry, the citrus industry and sugar beet sector. Background Recent decades have witnessed a world-wide increase in the use of agricultural contracts. In both the U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many crops, fruits, vegetables and livestock commodities. The increased use of agricultural contracts raises a number of important economic policy questions regarding the optimal design of contracts and their determinants. Even though economists have made a substantial progress in understanding these issues, the theory of contracts and an empirical methodology to analyze contracts are still evolving. Moreover, there is an enormous need for empirical research of contractual relationships. Conclusions In both U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many agricultural commodities. In the U.S. more than 40% of the value of agricultural production occurred under either marketing or production contracts. The use of agricultural contracts in Israel is also ubiquitous and reaches close to 60% of the value of agricultural production. In Israel we have found strategic considerations to play a dominant role in the choice of agricultural contracts and may lead to noncompetitive conduct and reduced welfare. In particular, the driving force, leading to consignment based contracts is the strategic effect. Moreover, an increase in the number of contractors will lead to changes in the terms of the contract, an increased competition and payment to farmers and economic surplus. We found that while large integrations lead to more efficient production, they also exploit local monopsonistic power. For the U.S, we have studied in more detail the choice of contract type and factors that affect contracts such as the level of informational asymmetry, the authority structure, and the available quality measurement technology. We have found that assets ownership and decision rights are complements of high-powered incentives. We have also found that the optimal allocation of decision rights, asset ownership and incentives is influenced by: variance of systemic and idiosyncratic shocks, importance (variance) of the parties’ private information, parameters of the production technology, the extent of competition in the upstream and downstream industries. Implications The primary implication of this project is that the use of agricultural production and marketing contracts is growing in both the US and Israeli agricultural sectors, while many important economic policy questions are still open and require further theoretical and empirical research. Moreover, actual contracts that are prevailing in various agricultural sectors seems to be less than optimal and, hence, additional efforts are required to transfer the huge academic know-how in this area to the practitioners. We also found evidence for exploitation of market powers by contactors in various agricultural sectors. This may call for government regulations in the anti-trust area. Another important implication of this project is that in addition to explicit contracts economic outcomes resulting from the interactions between growers and agricultural intermediaries depend on a number of other factors including allocation of decision and ownership rights and implicit contracting. We have developed models to study the interactions between explicit contracts, decision rights, ownership structure, and implicit contracts. These models have been applied to study contractual arrangements in California agriculture and the North American sugarbeet industry.
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ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT STRUCTURAL RESPONSES OF STEEL FRAMES WITH NONSYMMETRIC SECTIONS UNDER EARTHQUAKE MOTION. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.347.
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An accurate structural analysis is a fundamental requirement for modern design. Nevertheless, this is often difficult for systems comprised of nonsymmetric members, primarily because of their complicated cross-section shapes with non-coincidence of shear center and centroid and complex buckling modes. Recent research using efficient line-finite-element formulations has made significant progress in simulating the buckling behavior of arbitrary open-section members for static loads. This paper extends this method by providing for second-order dynamic analysis of nonsymmetric sectional members. The numerical algorithms, including mathematical derivations, are provided and thoroughly validated via their implementation within the nonlinear analysis program MASTAN2-v5.
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Accelerating Digital Payments in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004256.
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Between the first and second quarters of 2020, e-commerce website traffic from five of the regions major markets increased by over 150%. The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed and pulled tens of thousands of businesses in the region to go digital. The impact and advantages of such digitalization are quite telling for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular. SMEs in LAC can diversify their customer base and reach 20 foreign markets when operating online, while those that operate offline can only reach from two to five. As todays digital economy becomes the norm, universal basic services such as education and medical care are also taking place online. Digital payments are critical to enabling this transformation at both domestic and cross-border levels. But many challenges still exist that preclude the broadening of digital payment use throughout the region from a lack of access, regulatory harmonization and affordable payment solutions, to a need for further public and private sector cooperation, consumer protections and an open, inclusive and interoperable payment ecosystem. In 2021, the World Economic Forum and the innovation laboratory of the Inter-American Development Bank, IDB Lab, jointly launched the Payments to Advance Growth for All (PAGA) initiative to address these challenges. This initiative has convened a diverse community of over 100 public and private sector representatives to explore, through dialogue, how to best unlock the true benefits of digital payments in LAC. As digital payments continue to thrive and drive financial inclusion and economic growth, we hope this paper will provide a timely snapshot of the most pressing issues and highlight the importance of public-private and private-private cooperation to advance digital payments for all in an open, inclusive and safe manner. * The opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IDB, its Board of Directors or the countries they represent, nor of the MIF (IDB Lab) Donors Committee or the countries it represents.