Journal articles: 'Open channel flow'

1

Valentine, Eric M. "Open-Channel Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 127, no. 9 (September 2001): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2001)127:9(788).

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Yen, Ben Chie. "Open Channel Flow Resistance." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 128, no. 1 (January 2002): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2002)128:1(20).

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3

Pandey, Bharat Raj. "Open Channel Surges." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 1 (May 13, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v1i0.14919.

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The open channel Surges due to sudden changes of flow depth creates Celerity (Wave Velocity) in the flow in addition to the normal water velocity of the channels. These waves travel in the downstream and sometimes upstream of the channels depending on the various situations. The propagation of the Surges becomes positives or negatives depending on its crest and the trough of the waves. Therefore, on this topic, these principals are presented in the analytical methods.Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, Vol. 1, 2015, pp. 35-43

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Setiyadi, S. "Flow velocity behavior programming on open channel bends." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 878, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/878/1/012049.

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Abstract Flow velocity on open channel bends generally experiences additional velocity which is called secondary velocity. This paper aims to analyse and calculate the velocity that occurs in an open channel bend in general. The calculation that the writer uses is the calculation with fortran programming, in a case study of a river that bends, where the variables that must be present are given. The results of calculations and measurements of Secondary Speeds that occur at channel bends in this Open Channel will be very useful for river channel improvement or flood prevention in river channels, especially on existing bends. The conclusion is that at the bend of an open channel or river, there will be an increase in flow velocity in the transverse direction. This additional velocity is caused by the additional secondary velocity, namely the transverse velocity.

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Hsu, Chung-Chieh, Wen-Jung Lee, and Cheng-Hsi Chang. "Subcritical Open-Channel Junction Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 124, no. 8 (August 1998): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1998)124:8(847).

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6

Steffler, Peter. "Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125, no. 11 (November 1999): 1225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1999)125:11(1225).

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7

Mizumura, Kazumasa, and Masashige Yamasaka. "Flow in Open-Channel Embayments." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 128, no. 12 (December 2002): 1098–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2002)128:12(1098).

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8

Han, Yu, Shu-Qing Yang, Muttucumaru Sivakumar, Liu-Chao Qiu, and Jian Chen. "Flow Partitioning in Rectangular Open Channel Flow." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6491501.

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Hydraulic engineers often divide a flow region into subregions to simplify calculations. However, the implementation of flow divisibility remains an open issue and has not yet been implemented as a fully developed mathematical tool for modeling complex channel flows independently of experimental verification. This paper addresses whether a three-dimensional flow is physically divisible, meaning that division lines with zero Reynolds shear stress exist. An intensive laboratory investigation was conducted to carefully measure the time-averaged velocity in a rectangular open channel flow using a laser Doppler anemometry system. Two innovative methods are employed to determine the locations of division lines based on the measured velocity profile. The results clearly reveal that lines with zero total shear stress are discernible, indicating that the flow is physically divisible. Moreover, the experimental data were employed to test previously proposed methods of calculating division lines, and the results show that Yang and Lim’s method is the most reasonable predictor.

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9

Sayed, Tarek. "An experimental study of branching flow in open channels." Limnological Review 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2019-0008.

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Abstract Branching channel flow describes any side water withdrawals from rivers or main channels. Branching channels have widespread application in many practical projects, such as irrigation and drainage network systems, water and waste-water treatment plants, and many water resources projects. Therefore, in this research, a comprehensive analysis of laboratory data has been carried out to discover the best angle of branching. The study also aims to introduce simple, practical equations to help engineers of water resources to fix the percentage of discharge diverted to the branch channel. The study was carried out in the Irrigation and hydraulics laboratory of the civil department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University. The laboratory channel consisted of two parts, the main channel, and a branch channel. The main channel was 8.0 m in length, 20 cm wide, and 20 cm in depth. The division corner to the branch channel was sharp edged and located 5.0 m downstream of the main channel inlet. The branch channel was 3.0 m long, 20 cm in depth and its width was changed three times (10, 15, and 20 cm) respectively. A total of 84 runs were carried out. Investigations of the flow into the branching channel show that the branching discharge depends on many interlinked parameters. It increases with a decrease of the main channel flow velocity and the Froude number upstream of the branch channel junction. It also increases with an increase in the Yb / Yu ratio. In subcritical flow, water depth in the branch channel is always lower than the main channel water depth. The flow diversion to the branch channel leads to a decrease in water depth downstream of the main channel. In addition, the study showed that the highest discharge rate was obtained when the angle of branching was equal to 45° and then an angle of 60o. While the lowest discharge rate was obtained at an angle of 90°. Furthermore, at Br = 1.0, using a branching angle equal to 45° the discharge ratio (Qr) increases from about 4.42 to 19.01%, more than that obtained with using the branching angle equal 90°, while the discharge ratio (Qr) increases from about 0.52 to 49.18% and 1.51 to 24.79%, at Br = 0.75, and Br = 0.5 respectively.

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10

Cheng, Yong, Yude Song, Chunye Liu, Wene Wang, and Xiaotao Hu. "Numerical Simulation Research on the Diversion Characteristics of a Trapezoidal Channel." Water 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172706.

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Open-channel bifurcations are the most common water diversion structures in irrigation districts. In irrigation water conveyance, water transport efficiency and sedimentation are primary concerns. This study accordingly analyzes the influence of open-channel bifurcations on water delivery in irrigation areas. Herein, the three-dimensional flow at an open-channel bifurcation was studied via numerical simulations using FLOW-3D software and including 15 sets of working conditions. The hydraulic characteristics of the recirculation zone and flow structures in the vicinity of the open-channel bifurcation were analyzed. Equations for the flow diversion width of the surface and bottom layers in the trapezoidal channel were then obtained. The flow diversion widths along the water depth were found to differ between trapezoidal and rectangular channels. The results also show that open-channel bifurcations considerably influence the flow velocity in the main channel. The flow velocity in the recirculation zone of open-channel bifurcations was small, but the pulsation velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy were large. The energy dissipated in this area was relatively large, which was not conducive to channel water delivery. This study provides a reference for channel optimization and operation management in irrigation districts.

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11

Li, Chunyan, and James O’Donnell. "The Effect of Channel Length on the Residual Circulation in Tidally Dominated Channels." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1826–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2804.1.

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Abstract With an analytic model, this paper describes the subtidal circulation in tidally dominated channels of different lengths, with arbitrary lateral depth variations. The focus is on an important parameter associated with the reversal of the exchange flows. This parameter (δ) is defined as the ratio between the channel length and one-quarter of the tidal wavelength, which is determined by water depth and tidal frequency. In this study, a standard bottom drag coefficient, CD = 0.0025, is used. For a channel with δ smaller than 0.6–0.7 (short channels), the exchange flow at the open end has an inward transport in deep water and an outward transport in shallow water. This situation is just the opposite of channels with a δ value larger than 0.6–0.7 (long channels). For a channel with a δ value of about 0.35–0.5, the exchange flow at the open end reaches the maximum of a short channel. For a channel with a δ value of about 0.85–1.0, the exchange flow at the open end reaches the maximum of a long channel, with the inward flux of water occurring over the shoal area and the outward flow in the deep-water area. However, near the closed end of a long channel, the exchange flow appears as that in a short channel—that is, the exchange flow changes direction along the channel from the head to the open end of the channel. For a channel with a δ value of about 0.6–0.7, the tidally induced subtidal exchange flow at the open end reaches its minimum when there is little flow across the open end and the water residence time reaches its maximum. The mean sea level increases toward the closed end for all δ values. However, the spatial gradient of the mean sea level in a short channel is much smaller than that of a long channel. The differences between short and long channels are caused by a shift in dynamical balance of momentum or, equivalently, a change in tidal wave characteristics from a progressive wave to a standing wave.

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12

Rooniyan, F. "The Effect of Confluence Angle on the Flow Pattern at a Rectangular Open-Channel." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 4, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.395.

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Flow connection in channels is a phenomenon which frequently happens in rivers, water and drainage channels and urban sewage systems. The phenomenon appears to be more complex in rivers than in channels, especially at the y-junction bed joint that causes erosion and sedimentation at some areas resulting to morphological changes. Flow behavior at the channel junction area depends on variables such as channel geometry, discharge ratio, tributary width and y-junction connection angle of the channel, bed level changes at the bed joint, flow characteristic at the bed joint upstream and flow Froude number in different sections. In this research, fluent numerical model and junction angles of 30o, 45o & 60o are used to analyze and evaluate the effect of channel junction geometry on the flow pattern and the flow separation zone dimensions in different ratios of flow discharge (upstream channel discharge to total discharge of the flow). Results for two ratios of flow discharge are represented. Results are in agreement with earlier studies and it is shown that the change of the channel crossing angle affects the flow pattern in the main channel and also that the dimensions of the created separation zone in the main channel become larger when the crossing angle increases. This phenomenon can also be observed when the flow discharge ratio is lower. Analysis showed that the least dimension of the separation zone will be at the crossing angle of 45o .

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13

Nazari-Sharabian, Mohammad, Moses Karakouzian, and Donald Hayes. "Flow Topology in the Confluence of an Open Channel with Lateral Drainage Pipe." Hydrology 7, no. 3 (August 15, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7030057.

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The purpose of this paper is to develop design guidelines for flood control channel height in the vicinity of the confluence of a submerged drainage pipe and a flood control channel. The water exchange in the confluence of an open channel with a lateral drainage pipe produces unique hydraulic characteristics, ultimately affecting the water surface elevation in the channel. An accurate prediction of the water surface elevation is essential in the successful design of a high-velocity channel. By performing several experiments, and utilizing a numerical model (FLOW-3D), this study investigated the impact of submerged lateral drainage pipe discharges into rectangular open channels on flow topology in the confluence hydrodynamics zone (CHZ). The experiments were conducted in different flume and junction configurations and flow conditions. Moreover, the simulations were performed on actual size channels with different channel, pipe, and junction configurations and flow conditions. The flow topology in the CHZ was found to be highly influenced by the junction angle, as well as the momentum ratios of the channel flow and the pipe flow. The findings of this study were used to develop conservative design curves for channel confluences with lateral drainage pipe inlets. The curves can be used to estimate water surface elevation rise in different channel and pipe configurations with different flow conditions to determine the channel wall heights required to contain flows in the vicinity of laterals.

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14

Khashab, Ahmed M. El. "Form drag resistance of two-dimensional stepped steep open channels." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 5 (October 1, 1986): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-079.

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Flow in rough steep open channels is mostly found in mountain streams and in flow overtopping protected weirs. In both cases, the energy of the flowing stream may be dissipated by artificial means so that the flowing water does not result in serious damage due to scour or erosion downstream of the main slope. The best way of achieving this purpose is to lead the flow over a series of steps. In this investigation, the author tried to determine the form drag of stepped steep open channels, considering the steps as two-dimensional triangular roughness elements. Key words: open channel flow, flow resistance, channel roughness, form drag, steep channels.

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15

Drevetskiy, Volodymyr, and Roman Muran. "FLOW VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS IN THE OPEN CHANNELS." Informatyka Automatyka Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 8, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5273.

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This study aimed at determining dependencies between incident wave height and flow velocity in open flow channels by utilizing computer vision algorithms. Authors use computer modeling and experimental studies to check possibilities of flow velocity measurement by measuring incident wave height in front of semi-submerged artificial obstacle placed in the open flow channel.

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16

URA, Masaru, Tomokazu OKAMOTO, Juichiro AKIYAMA, Kouki ONITSUKA, and Norimitsu TAKEMOTO. "FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF GRADUALLY SHALLOWED OPEN CHANNEL FLOW." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 42 (1998): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.42.871.

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17

NAKAGAWA, Hiroji, Tetsuro TSUJIMOTO, and Yoshihiko SHIMIZU. "Open Channel Flow with Water Plants." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 34 (1990): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.34.475.

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18

Chiu, Chao‐Lin. "Velocity Distribution in Open Channel Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 115, no. 5 (May 1989): 576–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1989)115:5(576).

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19

Naot, Dan, Iehisa Nezu, and Hiroji Nakagawa. "Calculation of Compound‐Open‐Channel Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 119, no. 12 (December 1993): 1418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1993)119:12(1418).

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20

Molls, Thomas, and M. Hanif Chaudhry. "Depth-Averaged Open-Channel Flow Model." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 121, no. 6 (June 1995): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1995)121:6(453).

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21

Litrico, Xavier, and Vincent Fromion. "Frequency Modeling of Open-Channel Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 130, no. 8 (August 2004): 806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2004)130:8(806).

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22

Tsanis, Ioannis K., and Hans J. Leutheusser. "Hydraulics of laminar open-channel flow." Journal of Hydraulic Research 24, no. 3 (May 1986): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221688609498542.

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23

Hager, Willi H. "Hydraulics Of Laminar Open-Channel Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Research 25, no. 4 (August 1987): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221688709499266.

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24

Montes, J. S. "Hydraulics Of Laminar Open Channel Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Research 25, no. 1 (January 1987): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221688709499293.

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25

Bruk, S., Ben Chie Yen, and D. H. Peregrine. "Hydraulics Of Laminar Open Channel Flow." Journal of Hydraulic Research 25, no. 1 (January 1987): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221688709499294.

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26

Romero, L. A., and F. G. Yost. "Flow in an open channel capillary." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 322 (September 10, 1996): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096002728.

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The problem of capillary-driven flow in a V-shaped surface groove is addressed. A nonlinear diffusion equation for the liquid shape is derived from mass conservation and Poiseuille flow conditions. A similarity transformation for this nonlinear equation is obtained and the resulting ordinary differential equation is solved numerically for appropriate boundary conditions. It is shown that the position of the wetting front is proportional to (Dt)½ where D is a diffusion coefficient proportional to the ratio of the liquid-vapour surface tension to viscosity and the groove depth, and a function of the contact angle and the groove angle. For flow into the groove from a sessile drop source it is shown that the groove angle must be greater than the contact angle. Certain arbitrarily shaped grooves are also addressed.

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27

Herschy, R. W. "Editorial to: Open channel flow measurement." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 13, no. 5-6 (December 2002): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-5986(02)00046-8.

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28

Wiryanto, L. H. "Flow on an inclined open channel." Nonlinear Analysis and Differential Equations 4 (2016): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/nade.2016.6757.

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29

Girgidov, A. D. "Self-aeration of open channel flow." Power Technology and Engineering 45, no. 5 (January 2012): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10749-012-0280-6.

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30

Delis, A. I., and C. P. Skeels. "TVD schemes for open channel flow." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 26, no. 7 (April 15, 1998): 791–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0363(19980415)26:7<791::aid-fld688>3.0.co;2-n.

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31

Gottardi, Guido, and Maurizio Venutelli. "Central schemes for open-channel flow." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 41, no. 8 (2003): 841–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.471.

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32

Evatt, Geoffrey W. "Röthlisberger channels with finite ice depth and open channel flow." Annals of Glaciology 56, no. 70 (2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015aog70a992.

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AbstractThe theoretical basis of subglacial channel dynamics can be traced back to the work of Röthlisberger (1972) and Nye (1953). Röthlisberger (1972) considered the channels’ behaviour to be governed by a mix between water friction melting back the channel walls and the viscous closure of the surrounding ice; Nye (1953) derived a viscous closure rate for the ice. While their modelling is evidently well constructed, two aspects of their work have gone undeveloped. The first is the consideration of a finite glacier depth within the viscous closure law, instead of the assumption of an infinite glacier depth. The second is the allowance of a region of open channel flow, so that a channel’s water may transition from a region of closed channel flow to one where the water is exposed to the atmosphere. This paper helps close these two gaps, showing how Nye’s equation for the rate of ice closure can be modified, and how the point of transition between closed and open channel flow may be determined.

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33

Shahari, Nor Azni, Nor Arif Husaini Norwaza, Iskandar Shah Mohd Zawawi, Nurisha Adrina Mohd Kamarul, and Aimi Said. "Numerical investigation on the behavior of combining open-channel flow." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp1110-1119.

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Open-channel flow is known as fluid flow with an open atmospheric surface. It has become an important issue especially when measuring the flow rate and depth of water as part of environmental management schemes. Many efforts have been made by the previous researchers to investigate the behavior of water flow. However, most studies on water flow have only been carried out in a straight prismatic main channel, either in a trapezoidal and rectangular type of channel section with lateral branch of angle of 90o. In this study, the general equations of combining open-channel flow for trapezoidal and V-shaped channels are modified in the form of nonlinear polynomial equations. The proposed equations are solved using Newton-Raphson procedure to determine the upstream flow depth. All the computations and analysis of the behavior of water flow depth influenced by Froude number and flow rate ratio are performed using graphical user interface, which is designed in MATLAB software. Comparative analysis shows that the modified equations agree well with the experimental data as reported in the literature. The trapezoidal channel demonstrates the highest value of flow depth as the Froude number and flow rate ratio increase; thus, it has potential to avoid water overflow.

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34

Hassan, Waqed H., and Nidaa Ali Shabat. "Numerical Investigation of the Optimum Angle for Open Channel Junction." Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 1121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-05-07.

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Numerous natural and artificial streams, including those for irrigation ditches, wastewater treatment facilities, and conveyance structures for fish movement, have open channel confluences. The flow dynamics at and around the junction are intricate; in particular, immediately downstream of the junction, the flow creates a zone of separation on the inner wall along with secondary recirculation patterns. The structure of this complicated flow depends on several factors, including the flow rates in both channels, the angle of confluence, the geometry of the channels, including the longitudinal slope and bed discordance, the roughness of the boundary, and the intensity of the turbulence. It also has a significant impact on bed erosion, bank scouring, etc. The objective of the current work is to calculate the velocity profile and the separation zone dimensions for four angles (30o, 45o, 60o, and 75o) through the simulation process, and the best angle using a three-dimensional model. This work gives a detailed application of the numerical solution (Finite Volume) via Flow 3D software. Results for two flow discharge ratios, q*=0.250 and q*=0.750 were shown; the numerical model and the experimental results agreed well. The findings are consistent with past research and demonstrate how the main channel flow pattern is affected by changes in the channel crossing angle, as well as how greater separation zones are produced in the main channel when the flow discharge ratio q* (main channel flow divided by total flow) is smaller. Analysis revealed that the separation zone's smallest diameter will be at the 75ocrossing angle. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-05-07 Full Text: PDF

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35

GRAH, ALEKSANDER, DENNIS HAAKE, UWE ROSENDAHL, JÖRG KLATTE, and MICHAEL E. DREYER. "Stability limits of unsteady open capillary channel flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 600 (March 26, 2008): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008000529.

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This paper is concerned with steady and unsteady flow rate limitations in open capillary channels under low-gravity conditions. Capillary channels are widely used in Space technology for liquid transportation and positioning, e.g. in fuel tanks and life support systems. The channel observed in this work consists of two parallel plates bounded by free liquid surfaces along the open sides. The capillary forces of the free surfaces prevent leaking of the liquid and gas ingestion into the flow.In the case of steady stable flow the capillary pressure balances the differential pressure between the liquid and the surrounding constant-pressure gas phase. Increasing the flow rate in small steps causes a decrease of the liquid pressure. A maximum steady flow rate is achieved when the flow rate exceeds a certain limit leading to a collapse of the free surfaces due to the choking effect. In the case of unsteady flow additional dynamic effects take place due to flow rate transition and liquid acceleration. The maximum flow rate is smaller than in the case of steady flow. On the other hand, the choking effect does not necessarily cause surface collapse and stable temporarily choked flow is possible under certain circumstances.To determine the limiting volumetric flow rate and stable flow dynamic properties, a new stability theory for both steady and unsteady flow is introduced. Subcritical and supercritical (choked) flow regimes are defined. Stability criteria are formulated for each flow type. The steady (subcritical) criterion corresponds to the speed index defined by the limiting longitudinal small-amplitude wave speed, similar to the Mach number. The unsteady (supercritical) criterion for choked flow is defined by a new characteristic number, the dynamic index. It is based on pressure balances and reaches unity at the stability limit.The unsteady model based on the Bernoulli equation and the mass balance equation is solved numerically for perfectly wetting incompressible liquids. The unsteady model and the stability theory are verified by comparison to results of a sounding rocket experiment (TEXUS 41) on capillary channel flows launched in December 2005 from ESRANGE in north Sweden. For a clear overview of subcritical, supercritical, and unstable flow, parametric studies and stability diagrams are shown and compared to experimental observations.

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36

Senthilkumar, G., and A. Anderson. "Study of flow pattern in open channel flow passages." International Journal of Ambient Energy 40, no. 5 (December 19, 2017): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2017.1410228.

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37

Shvidchenko, Andrey B., and Gareth Pender. "Large flow structures in a turbulent open channel flow." Journal of Hydraulic Research 39, no. 1 (January 2001): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221680109499810.

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38

Tamburrino, Aldo, and John S. Gulliver. "Large flow structures in a turbulent open channel flow." Journal of Hydraulic Research 37, no. 3 (May 1999): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.1999.9628253.

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39

Pak, On Shun, Y. N. Young, Gary R. Marple, Shravan Veerapaneni, and Howard A. Stone. "Gating of a mechanosensitive channel due to cellular flows." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 32 (July 27, 2015): 9822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512152112.

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A multiscale continuum model is constructed for a mechanosensitive (MS) channel gated by tension in a lipid bilayer membrane under stresses due to fluid flows. We illustrate that for typical physiological conditions vesicle hydrodynamics driven by a fluid flow may render the membrane tension sufficiently large to gate a MS channel open. In particular, we focus on the dynamic opening/closing of a MS channel in a vesicle membrane under a planar shear flow and a pressure-driven flow across a constriction channel. Our modeling and numerical simulation results quantify the critical flow strength or flow channel geometry for intracellular transport through a MS channel. In particular, we determine the percentage of MS channels that are open or closed as a function of the relevant measure of flow strength. The modeling and simulation results imply that for fluid flows that are physiologically relevant and realizable in microfluidic configurations stress-induced intracellular transport across the lipid membrane can be achieved by the gating of reconstituted MS channels, which can be useful for designing drug delivery in medical therapy and understanding complicated mechanotransduction.

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40

Li, Chao, Zachary Hite, Jay W. Warrick, Jiayi Li, Stephanie H. Geller, Victoria G. Trantow, Megan N. McClean, and David J. Beebe. "Under oil open-channel microfluidics empowered by exclusive liquid repellency." Science Advances 6, no. 16 (April 2020): eaay9919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay9919.

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Recently, the functionality of under oil open microfluidics was expanded from droplet-based operations to include lateral flow in under oil aqueous channels. However, the resolution of the under oil fluidic channels reported so far is still far from comparable with that of closed-channel microfluidics (millimeters versus micrometers). Here, enabled by exclusive liquid repellency and an under oil sweep technique, open microchannels can now be prepared under oil (rather than in air), which shrinks the channel dimensions up to three orders of magnitude compared to previously reported techniques. Spatial trapping of different cellular samples and advanced control of mass transport (i.e., enhanced upper limit of flow rate, steady flow with passive pumping, and reversible fluidic valves) were achieved with open-channel designs. We apply these functional advances to enable dynamic measurements of dispersion from a pathogenic fungal biofilm. The ensemble of added capabilities reshapes the potential application space for open microfluidics.

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41

Hager, Willi H. "Trapezoidal side-channel spillways." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-091.

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Steady flows in trapezoidal, prismatic side-channel spillways are analysed using a hydraulic approach. Distinction between channels of small and moderate bottom slopes is made. All results are presented in typical nondimensional quantities, by which an immediate application is made possible. Key words: open channel flow, spillway, gradually varied flow, discharge supply, hydraulics.

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LIEBOVITCH, LARRY S., and ANGELO T. TODOROV. "WHAT CAUSES ION CHANNEL PROTEINS TO FLUCTUATE OPEN AND CLOSED?" International Journal of Neural Systems 07, no. 04 (September 1996): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065796000282.

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Ion channels in the cell membrane spontaneously switch from states that are closed to the flow of ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride to states that are open to the flow of these ions. The durations of times that an individual ion channel protein spends in the closed and open states can be measured by the patch clamp technique. We explore two basic issues about the molecular properties of ion channels: 1) If the switching between the closed and open state is an inherently random event, what does the patch clamp data tell us about the structure or motions in the ion channel protein? 2) Is this switching random?

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Deng, Zhijun, Baozhu Li, Shuang Xing, Chen Zhao, and Haijiang Wang. "Experimental Investigation on the Anode Flow Field Design for an Air-Cooled Open-Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." Membranes 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111069.

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A flow channel structure design plays a significant role in an open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The cell performance is sensitive to the structural parameters of the flow field, which mainly affects the heat and mass transfer between membrane electrode assembly and channel. This paper presents theoretical and experimental studies to investigate the impacts of anode flow field parameters (numbers of the serpentine channels, depths, and widths of the anode channel) on cell performance and temperature characteristics. The result indicates that the number of anode serpentine channels adjusts the pressure and flow rate of hydrogen in the anode flow channel effectively. The depth and width of the channel change the pressure, flow rate, and mass transfer capacity of hydrogen, especially under the high current density. There appears the best depth to achieve optimum cell performance. The velocity and concentration of hydrogen have important influences on the mass transfer which agrees with the anode channel structure design and performance changes based on the field synergy principle. This research has great significance for further understanding the relationship between anode flow field design and fuel cell performance in the open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack.

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NISHIHARA, Takahiro, Takashi ARIMATSU, Hiroshige KIKURA, Masanori ARITOMI, and Masahiro TAKEI. "Monitoring of open channel flow using Ultrasound." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 25, Supplement1 (2005): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.25.supplement1_387.

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Lim, Hak Soo. "Open Channel Flow Friction Factor: Logarithmic Law." Journal of Coastal Research 341 (January 2018): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/jcoastres-d-17-00030.1.

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Litrico, Xavier, and Vincent Fromion. "Modal decomposition of linearized open channel flow." Networks & Heterogeneous Media 4, no. 2 (2009): 325–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2009.4.325.

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López, Fabián, and Marcelo H. García. "Wall Similarity in Turbulent Open-Channel Flow." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 125, no. 7 (July 1999): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1999)125:7(789).

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EGASHIRA, Shinji, Kazuo ASHIDA, and Hiroshi SASAKI. "MECHANICS OF DEBRIS FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL." PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPANESE CONFERENCE ON HYDRAULICS 32 (1988): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe1975.32.485.

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Ramamurthy, A. S., Due Minh Tran, and L. B. Carballada. "Open Channel Flow Through Transverse Floor Outlets." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 115, no. 2 (April 1989): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1989)115:2(248).

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Rodellar, J., M. Gómez, and J. P. Martín Vide. "Stable Predictive Control of Open‐Channel Flow." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 115, no. 4 (August 1989): 701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1989)115:4(701).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Open channel flow'

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