Journal articles: 'Open and closed shop Australia'

1

Zappala, Gianni. "The Closed Shop in Australia." Journal of Industrial Relations 34, no. 1 (March 1992): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569203400101.

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Wen, Liang, Dora Marinova, Jeffrey Kenworthy, and Xiumei Guo. "Street Recovery in the Age of COVID-19: Simultaneous Design for Mobility, Customer Traffic and Physical Distancing." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063653.

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This paper explores the relationship between urban traffic, retail location and disease control during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and tries to find a way to simultaneously address these issues for the purpose of street recovery. Drawing on the concept of the 15 min city, the study also aims at seeking COVID-19 exit paths and next-normal operating models to support long-term business prosperity using a case study of Royal Street, East Perth in Western Australia. Nearly half of the shops became vacant or closed at the end of 2020 along the east section of Royal Street, demonstrating the fragility of small business in a car-oriented street milieu that is inadequately supported by proper physical, digital and social infrastructure. A key finding from the analysis is the formulation of the concept of the Minute City. This describes a truly proximity-centred and socially driven hyper-local city, where residents and retailers work together on the local street as a walkable public open space (other than movement space), and benefit from ameliorated traffic flow, improved business location and a safer, connected community.

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Bradford, Rick. "Open access: a closed shop?" Physics World 26, no. 01 (January 2013): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/26/01/30.

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Wooden, Mark. "Compulsory Unionism and the AWIRS: Redrawing the Map." Economic and Labour Relations Review 3, no. 2 (December 1992): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469200300210.

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This paper uses AWIRS data to examine two related questions. First, how extensive are closed shop arrangements in Australia and second, what factors are associated with closed shop coverage? The paper draws heavily on earlier work by Gianni Zappala, but argues that Zappala's estimates substantially overstated the extent of the closed shop. Moreover, unlike other studies of the closed shop (both in Australia and overseas), this paper utilises multivariate techniques to isolate the impact of the different factors thought to be associated with closed shop coverage.

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Sweet, M. "Australia operates "closed shop" to restrict doctors from overseas, say critics." BMJ 339, no. 16 1 (November 16, 2009): b4843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4843.

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Phelan, Alan. "Exhibiting in Dublin: Closed Shop, Open Door or Back Alley?" Circa, no. 113 (2005): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25564344.

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Tedjokoesoemo, Purnama Esa Dora, Poppy Firtatwentyna Nilasari, and Sriti Mayang Sari. "Rethinking Interior Design Approach for Shop House Food and Beverage Retails to Embrace New Normal Protocol." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(104).

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The 2020 COVID-19 outbreak has deeply redefined our relationship to public spaces. Fear of transmission (both direct and indirect) has strucked all sectors and put down public facilities such as schools, restaurants, and offices. The implementation of restrictions on community activities in Jakarta alone has resulted in 1030 restaurants permanently closed and 400 restaurants to temporary closed from early 2020 to 2021. Public preference has shifted to outdoor area with open air space to reduce the possibility of transmision. Therefore, shop house food and beverage retails that operated in big cities may find a challenge to keep the costumers' comfort. Keywords: shop house, new normal, food and beverage, retails

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Bean, Clive. "Open or Closed Boundaries? Attitudes towards Sovereignty Issues in Australia." Policy, Organisation and Society 21, no. 1 (January 2002): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1449-4035(02)70002-7.

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Willis, Anne-Marie. "Open Door or Closed Shop?: Review of Nelson and Stolterman The Design Way." Design Philosophy Papers 2, no. 1 (March 2004): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/144871304x13966215067750.

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Siagian, Debora Requel Emeralda, and Eti Suminartika. "Costumers’ Preference at Armor Kopi Leuit." SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 15, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2021.v15.i01.p09.

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Coffee shops are currently in great demand; thus the numbers of coffee shops show an increase, including in Bandung city. However, the number of customers at Armor Kopi Leuit Coffee Shop has decreased in number. The purposes of this study were to analyze costumers’ preferences for coffee and customers’ preferences for Armor Kopi Leuit coffee shop. The research method used was quantitative descriptive method, while the analytical instrument used was conjoint analysis. Samples were taken by convenience sampling and 100 samples were obtained. The results showed that coffee attributes that is considered the most important by consumers are tastes with strong coffee preferences, while consumer preferences for coffee shops included shop designs that provided closed and open spaces, easily accessible coffee shop locations, barista communication skills in explaining products, and a natural coffee shop atmosphere.

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Marico, Joxel, James Purnama, and Maulahikmah Galinium. "Analysis of Open-Source Solution for Point of Sales Inventory Management System." Conference Series 3, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/conferenceseries.v3i2.610.

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Package other popular food distributor businesses. To gain advantage, they used newest Point of Sales (POS) for their business. POS allows user mood to do transaction between buyer and cashier, manage stock, etc. Unfortunately after several months, their business closed down, because the newest POS is not designed for their food distributor. ,The purpose of this research is to understand how POS would affect the business and why POS is valuable and important for business. The goal of this research is to find out which POS is suitable for both small and large business. There are four open-source POS to be analyzed, which are Odoo, E-hopper, Loyverse and Aronium. fOr Comparing Open Source software Evaluation Methods (FOCOSEM) is used to compare their features. In conclusion, only one shop. If the business owner wants to open another shop at different location but he/ she wants to keep track another shop, E-hopper or Loyverse is recommended. If the business owner wants to use mobile devices for easy setup, Loyverse is recommended. If the business owner prefers using PC, then E-hopper is recommended. For business owner who is conducting export and import then Odoo is recommended.

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Kazemi, Robert. "Anforderungen an Vertragspartner für Direktverträge nach § 73c SGB V – “closed shop” oder “open end fund”." Medizinrecht 28, no. 1 (January 2010): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00350-009-2557-9.

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Haines, P. E., R. B. Tomlinson, and B. G. Thom. "Morphometric assessment of intermittently open/closed coastal lagoons in New South Wales, Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 67, no. 1-2 (March 2006): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.12.001.

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Liu, Dongyan, R. John Morrison, and Ronald J. West. "Phytoplankton assemblages of two intermittently open and closed coastal lakes in SE Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 132 (November 2013): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.04.010.

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Chuwen, Benjamin M., Steeg D. Hoeksema, and Ian C. Potter. "The divergent environmental characteristics of permanently-open, seasonally-open and normally-closed estuaries of south-western Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 85, no. 1 (October 2009): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.03.030.

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Hodgkin, Ernest P., and Patrick Hesp. "Estuaries to salt lakes: Holocene transformation of the estuarine ecosystems of south-western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96109.

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When the estuaries of south-western Australia were first flooded by the Holocene marine transgression about 7000 years before present (BP), most were enclosed by limestone barrier dunes. Coastal sand drift built bars and flood-tide deltas in the narrow entrances, but until about 3500 years BP the estuaries remained tidal-dominated systems with a diverse marine–estuarine fauna. Now the bars/deltas so obstruct the small tides that estuary water is fresh in winter and marine to hypersaline in summer; the estuaries are river-flow-dominated systems and the ecosystems are characterised by a restricted euryhaline estuarine biota. Some estuaries are still permanently open, their bars/deltas never close, and some are seasonally open, their bars open with river flow in winter and close in summer. Other estuaries are normally closed, their bars remain closed for several years and break with episodic flood flow, or are permanently closed coastal salt lakes with bars that never or rarely break: they can become grossly hypersaline and may dry up altogether. An hypothesis to explain this Holocene transformation of the estuaries attributes it principally to sedimentary processes in an environment where river flow is highly seasonal, tides are microtidal, there was a fall in sea level, and there are differences in the volume and periodicity of flow and the degree of shelter to the entrances from the prevailing south-west winds and swell.

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McSweeney, SL, DM Kennedy, and ID Rutherfurd. "A geomorphic classification of intermittently open/closed estuaries (IOCE) derived from estuaries in Victoria, Australia." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 4 (May 26, 2017): 421–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133317709745.

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A large proportion of estuaries along microtidal wave-dominated coastlines worldwide have entrances that intermittently close to the ocean when tidal currents and fluvial discharge are insufficient to erode sediment delivered onshore by waves. In this study, these systems are termed “intermittently open/closed estuaries” (IOCE) in order to include all estuaries which intermittently close to the ocean. IOCE do not fit neatly into existing generalized estuary classification models and have been traditionally recognized as a single estuary type that constitute a rare subset of wave-dominated estuaries. In this study, 111 estuaries in Victoria, Australia, are used to develop a classification model that delineates between different IOCE types. This was undertaken using historic aerial imagery and quantification of the estuary channel width, catchment area, lagoon dimensions and tidal prism derived from remotely sensed data. Field surveying of entrance morphology was undertaken for a subsample of 35 IOCE characteristic of each section of the coast and which had detailed entrance condition records. Using this subset, IOCE were classified into three distinct types using multiple methods of statistical delineation (non-metric multidimensional scaling, hierarchical cluster analysis and distribution analysis). These three types are: (1) Type A, the largest IOCE which both close and open infrequently but for the longest durations; (2) Type B, medium sized IOCE which open and close several times per year for weekly to monthly durations; and (3) Type C (tidal creeks), the smallest IOCE located specifically in high rainfall, mountainous catchments and which exist in a predominantly open state. The three types of IOCE showed an order of magnitude difference in entrance closure duration as controlled by variations in the catchment area, tidal prism volume, dimensions of the estuarine lagoon and the entrance channel at the mouth. The classification is also applicable to wave-dominated coastlines internationally where IOCE are present.

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Taljaard, Susan, Gavin Snow, Phumelele Gama, and Lara van Niekerk. "Verification of a conceptual model of water quality for small temporarily open/closed estuaries: East Kleinemonde Estuary, South Africa." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 3 (2009): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07226.

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The dynamics of the world’s larger permanently open estuaries have been well documented, but much less is known about the complex dynamics of smaller temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs). Seventy per cent of South Africa’s 250 estuaries are classified as TOCEs, and many are less than 50 ha. A conceptual model of the water-quality dynamics of TOCEs has been proposed, primarily considering three hydrodynamic states (closed, semi-closed and open). This paper uses data from the East Kleinemonde Estuary, a small TOCE in the warm-temperate region of South Africa, to verify the model, focusing on physico-chemical parameters (salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and turbidity) and inorganic macronutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphate) for the open and closed states. The results generally fitted the model in terms of the behaviour of the physico-chemical parameters and macronutrients in the water column. This knowledge provides a first approach to predict the water-quality dynamics in small TOCEs, thereby ensuring that the often limited resources are targeted at resolving uncertainties at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. TOCEs are not unique to South Africa and also occur along other coasts (Mediterranean and south-western Australia) where this type of model could also be applied.

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Qu, Wenchuan, R. J. Morrison, and R. J. West. "Nitrogen cycling processes in Lake Illawarra, an intermittently closed/open estuary in south-east Australia." Wetlands Australia 21, no. 2 (February 28, 2006): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.278.

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Carpenter, Raymond J., Myall Tarran, and Robert S. Hill. "Leaf fossils of Proteaceae subfamily Persoonioideae, tribe Persoonieae: tracing the past of an important Australasian sclerophyll lineage." Australian Systematic Botany 30, no. 2 (2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb16045.

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Fossils from the Eocene of South Australia and Western Australia and the Oligo–Miocene of Victoria represent the first known Australian leaf fossils of subfamily Persoonioideae, tribe Persoonieae. Persoonieaephyllum blackburnii sp. nov. is described from Middle Eocene Nelly Creek sediments near Lake Eyre, South Australia. Persoonieae are an important clade for understanding vegetation transitions in Australasia. The Nelly Creek leaf fossils are small (~6mm wide) and belong to an assemblage that has some characteristics of open vegetation, which is also inferred for the Oligo–Miocene of the Latrobe Valley, Victoria. In contrast, the Western Australian Late Eocene Persoonieae occur with diverse Lauraceae and other elements now typical of closed rainforests, and may, therefore, have been derived from communities that are unlike those in which most Persoonieae now occur. All fossil Persoonieae leaves so far known are hypostomatic (or virtually so), a state of stomatal distribution now only found in species of reasonably mesic habitats in New Zealand, New Caledonia and eastern Australian eucalypt forests. The ancestral state of stomatal distribution in Persoonieae leaves is unclear, but evidence suggests ancient associations of amphistomaty with open habitats, evolutionary loss of adaxial stomata in more closed vegetation, and the evolution of pronounced xerophylly within south-western Australian heathlands.

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NARDI, K., G. P. JONES, M. J. MORAN, and Y. W. CHENG. "Contrasting effects of marine protected areas on the abundance of two exploited reef fishes at the sub-tropical Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 2 (June 2004): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001274.

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A unique assemblage of tropical and temperate marine organisms characterizes the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, four clusters of islands and reefs off the coast of mid-Western Australia. Four reef observation areas or marine protected areas (MPAs) were established in 1994 to examine their value in protecting vulnerable reef fish species, including the sub-tropical wrasse, Choerodon rubescens, and the coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus. In 1993 and 1994 (prior to protection), population densities and body sizes were monitored at two island groups (Easter and Wallabi). At each location, the MPAs and the equivalent ‘control’ areas to remain open to fishing were monitored by underwater visual censuses. These closed and open areas were subsequently monitored four more times between 1995 and 2002 to assess long-term trends in abundance and population structure. Populations of the wrasse, C. rubescens, did not appear to respond to protection, exhibiting irregular fluctuations in both closed and open areas throughout the study. In contrast, although there were no significant increases for P. leopardus for the first three years of closure, after eight years of protection there were significantly larger numbers of P. leopardus in the closed areas. There was a three-fold increase at the Easter Group and a seven-fold increase at the Wallabi Group, relative to open fishing areas, attributed primarily to reduced fishing mortality. Significant closed areas (17% of the P. leopardus habitat) provided substantial stock-wide impacts. The data also indicate that the MPAs can be effective where some forms of fishing (such as lobster fishing) are permitted which are compatible with the objectives of the MPA. While MPAs are clearly an effective tool for increasing the local abundance of some reef fishes, the spatial and temporal scales required for their success may vary among species.

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Zeller, Dirk C., and Garry R. Russ. "Marine reserves: patterns of adult movement of the coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae))." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-311.

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Movements of Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae), a major fisheries species, across marine reserve boundaries were investigated on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Mark-release-recapture and ultrasonic telemetry were used to assess movements. Mark-release-recapture used hook and line as the method of capture and underwater visual census (UVC) as the "recapture" tool. Catch rates were significantly higher in zones closed to fishing, despite UVC indicating no significant differences in density between closed and open zones. Of 183 fish marked with numerical freeze brands, 93 estimates of movements of branded fish were obtained. No branded fish was recorded to cross the reserve boundaries during the 2-month study, probably due to the initial decision to allocate capture effort evenly across the study area, rather than concentrating it on reserve boundaries. Fish carrying ultrasonic transmitters, and having home ranges straddling reserve boundaries, crossed boundaries on average 15.3 times ·month-1. The mean distance moved by freeze branded specimens between capture and recapture was significantly larger in areas closed to fishing than in those open to fishing. However, mean distance moved per day determined by ultrasonic telemetry did not differ between areas closed and open to fishing. This study suggests low flux rates of adult P. leopardus across marine reserve boundaries.

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Dye, A. H. "Meiobenthos in intermittently open/closed coastal lakes in New South Wales: spatial and temporal patterns in densities of major taxa." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 8 (2005): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05050.

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Intermittently open/closed coastal lakes and lagoons (ICOLLs) are common in Australia. Isolation from the sea makes them susceptible to nutrient enrichment and pollution and many are considered degraded. Understanding of their ecology and the effects of anthropogenic activity is limited. Many lakes are kept open artificially to improve water quality and mitigate the effects of floods. The present study examined the relationship between multivariate and univariate patterns in higher taxa of meiobenthos and compared their densities and distributions in naturally open and closed lakes with those in managed lakes. The degree of correspondence between multivariate and univariate patterns was taxon and locality dependent. Differences in densities between types of lakes was not related to physical factors. Within lakes, meiobenthos generally correlated negatively with salinity and organic content, but positively with silt. Densities reflected the degree of isolation from the sea, but the influence of this factor varied among lakes within categories and between taxa. Most taxa were less abundant in isolated localities, such as the inner reaches of lakes and in closed lakes. Meiobenthos were more spatially variable in closed and in managed lakes. The influence of frequency and duration of closure on the ecology of coastal lakes is discussed.

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Oversby, W., S. M. Ferguson, R. A. Davis, and P. W. Bateman. "Bad news for bobtails: understanding predatory behaviour of a resource-subsidised corvid towards an island endemic reptile." Wildlife Research 45, no. 7 (2018): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18051.

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Context Resource subsidisation as a result of urbanisation and other human activity can have positive impacts for some opportunistic predators. Many species of corvid have benefitted from the expansion of human-dominated habitats; however, their impacts on co-occurring prey fauna are generally poorly understood. Aims We aimed to test the hypothesis that urbanisation associated with tourism impacts the predator–prey relationship between Australian ravens, or wardongs (Corvus coronoides), a ubiquitous corvid of southern Australia, and Rottnest Island bobtails (Tiliqua rugosa konowi), a subspecies of bobtail lizard isolated to a small (19km2) island off the coast of Western Australia. Methods Using clay model lizards and camera traps, we assessed the wardongs’ attack rates by distance from the settlement and by whether the model was in closed or open habitat. Key Results We found that while wardongs preyed upon Rottnest Island bobtails, predation was not affected by proximity to human settlement despite the highest number of wardongs being found there. Models in closed vegetation were attacked by wardong significantly more than were those in open vegetation. Implications Increased predation rates in closed vegetation suggests that current revegetation efforts on the island may be increasing the availability of preferred hunting habitat for the wardong. This finding may influence decisions by management on whether to control the large population of wardongs on the island.

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Kennedy, David M., Sarah L. McSweeney, Michela Mariani, and Elisa Zavadil. "The geomorphology and evolution of intermittently open and closed estuaries in large embayments in Victoria, Australia." Geomorphology 350 (February 2020): 106892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106892.

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Dye, A. H., and F. Barros. "Spatial patterns in meiobenthic assemblages in intermittently open/closed coastal lakes in New South Wales, Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 62, no. 4 (March 2005): 575–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.08.022.

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Dye, A., and F. Barros. "Spatial patterns of macrofaunal assemblages in intermittently closed/open coastal lakes in New South Wales, Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 64, no. 2-3 (August 2005): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.029.

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Strotz, Luke C. "Spatial patterns and diversity of foraminifera from an intermittently closed and open lagoon, Smiths Lake, Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 164 (October 2015): 340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2015.07.048.

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Toralde, Julmar Shaun Sadicon, David John Carr, and Chad Henry Wuest. "Optimising deepwater drilling safety and efficiency in Australia with closed-loop circulation drilling systems." APPEA Journal 52, no. 1 (2012): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11031.

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Closed-loop circulation drilling (CLCD) systems provide an increasingly viable alternative to open-to-the-atmosphere conventional drilling systems by emphasising the use of closed and pressurisable systems to allow a scalable approach that produces a range of benefits. These range from increased personnel and environmental safety to better data resolution and even greater control over the drilling process. This paper states how CLCD addresses a need in a post-Macondo world, where deepwater drilling is under intense and increased regulatory control, by providing flexible systems that supplement the safety and efficiency of deepwater drilling operations. Furthermore, it describes the details of how CLCD systems can be installed and used on moored and dynamically positioned drilling vessels, and points out how it may be deployed for deepwater conditions in Australia. Recent successes and issues encountered in the application of this technology in the Asia Pacific region are also shared.

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Adams, S., B. D. Mapstone, G. R. Russ, and C. R. Davies. "Geographic variation in the sex ratio, sex specific size, and age structure of Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae) between reefs open and closed to fishing on the Great Barrier Reef." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 1448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-076.

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Variation in reproductive parameters of Plectropomus leopardus populations between coral reefs open and closed to fishing was examined in two geographic regions (off Townsville (19°S) and in the Swains (22°S)) of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The reproductive parameters that were examined included the operational (reproductive) sex ratio and size and age structure of mature females, sex-changing individuals (transitionals), and mature males. There was a greater proportion of males above the minimum size and age of harvest on reefs closed to fishing for 8-10 years than on reefs open to fishing, although the effect varied with geographic region. Nevertheless, neither the sex ratio, mean age, nor mean size of males or transitionals varied significantly with reef closure status. Females, however, were significantly older and larger on closed than on open reefs in both regions. Marked regional variations in the sex ratio and average age of transitionals were found independent of reef closure status, suggesting regional variation in reproductive strategies. Controlled manipulations, inclusion of broad spatial scales, and detailed studies of intra- and inter-specific variation in serranid reproductive biology are necessary to resolve such complexities in the responses of protogynous serranids to fishing pressure and management strategies.

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Jones, M. V., and R. J. West. "Spatial and temporal variability of seagrass fishes in intermittently closed and open coastal lakes in southeastern Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 64, no. 2-3 (August 2005): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.021.

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Dodson, J. R., and R. V. S. Wright. "Humid to Arid to Subhumid Vegetation Shift on Pilliga Sandstone, Ulungra Springs, New South Wales." Quaternary Research 32, no. 2 (September 1989): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(89)90074-4.

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AbstractThe Pilliga Sandstone region of the northwest slope of New South Wales has a natural vegetation cover of sclerophyllous relatively closed to open forests with a largely heathy understorey, and a warm, subhumid and continental climate. Pollen analysis of spring-fed deposits gives a vegetation history extending from at least 30,000 yr B.P. to the late Holocene. Tree pollen became scarce after about 25,000 yr B.P. and an assemblage dominated by Chenopodiaceae, Liguliflorae, Tubuliflorae, and probably Poaceae developed. No similar assemblage is known from present pollen rain studies carried out in Australia. However, it clearly represents a treeless open shrub-steppe formation and therefore an arid or semiarid environment. The site thus provides evidence of an eastward late Pleistocene extension of the arid zone in Australia, and is the first full-glacial vegetation record between 20° and 35° latitude in Australia. The present vegetation cover did not become reestablished until the beginning of the Holocene, which raises questions about the form in which Pilliga Sandstone vegetation survived full-glacial conditions.

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Zhang, Xin, Ling Yan Zhang, Yang Shuai Qiu, and Xin Qu. "Beneficiation of a Low-Grade Flaky Graphite Ore from Australia by Flotation." Advanced Materials Research 1090 (February 2015): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1090.188.

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The graphite ore from Australia is a sort of the low-grade and fine-scaled graphite ore. On the basis of the optimum rough grinding fineness, an open and a closed circuit tests were conducted which consist of one rougher, one scavenging, then four-time-regrinding and five-time-cleaning to the rough concentrate, one grinding and scavenging to the mixture of middling1~3, and the middling4~6 returned to the rougher, cleaning1 and cleaning2 respectively. Taking the kerosene, pine oil, lime as flotation reagents, the concentrate with grade improvement from 12.78% to 90.5% was achieved through the routine flotation method, as the flotation recovery rate reached to 92.46%.

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Gwinn, Daniel C., Paul Brown, Jakob C. Tetzlaff, and Mike S. Allen. "Evaluating mark - recapture sampling designs for fish in an open riverine system." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 7 (2011): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10217.

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Sampling designs for effective monitoring programs are often specific to individual systems and management needs. Failure to carefully evaluate sampling designs of monitoring programs can lead to data that are ineffective for informing management objectives. We demonstrated the use of an individual-based model to evaluate closed-population mark–recapture sampling designs for monitoring fish abundance in open systems, using Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell, 1838)) in the Murray–Darling River basin, Australia, as an example. The model used home-range, capture-probability and abundance estimates to evaluate the influence of the size of the sampling area and the number of sampling events on bias and precision of mark–recapture abundance estimates. Simulation results indicated a trade-off between the number of sampling events and the size of the sampling reach such that investigators could employ large sampling areas with relatively few sampling events, or smaller sampling areas with more sampling events to produce acceptably accurate and precise abundance estimates. The current paper presents a framework for evaluating parameter bias resulting from migration when applying closed-population mark–recapture models to open populations and demonstrates the use of simulation approaches for informing efficient and effective monitoring-program design.

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Wahren, C. H., R. J. Williams, and W. A. Papst. "Alpine and Subalpine Wetland Vegetation on the Bogong High Plains, South-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 47, no. 2 (1999): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97106.

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The botanical composition and structure of wetland vegetation from seven sites in the alpine and subalpine tracts of the Bogong High Plains was sampled in 1995 and 1996. Sites were in the vicinity of Mts Nelse, Cope and Fainter. Sampling was based on contiguous 1-m2 quadrats along transects 20−70 m long across each wetland. Samples were ordinated using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Floristic variation was assessed both within selected individual wetlands, and between wetlands from different regions. The relationship between the ordinations and environmental variables such as soil surface texture, soil depth and the amount of bare ground was tested by fitting vectors. Three dominant vegetation assemblages were identified. Closed heath, of hygrophyllous, scleromorphic shrubs such as Richea continentis and Baeckea gunniana, the rush Empodisma minus and the moss Sphagnum cristatum occurred on the deeper peats. Low open heath of Epacris glacialis and Danthonia nivicola occurred on shallow peats. Herbfields of Caltha introloba and Oreobolus pumilio occurred on stony pavements in two different physiographic situations&horbar;on relatively steep slopes (10−20°) at the head of wetlands, and on flat ground (slope < 2°), below the head of wetlands. The pavements on the steeper sites appeared to be associated with periglacial features such as solifluction lobes and terraces. Those on the flatter ground appeared to have been derived more recently. Wetlands in the Mt Cope region consisted of closed heath, low open heath and pavement herbfield in various proportions. Wetlands on Mt Fainter, which are subject to heavy trampling by cattle, were in a degraded condition, with a low cover of major hygrophyllous mosses and shrubs, and a high cover of introduced species. Long-ungrazed wetlands in a 50-year exclosure at Rocky Valley had high cover of closed heath, no pavements, numerous ponds and virtually no entrenched drainage channels or exposed peat. The Caltha herbfields are significant features nationally, both floristically and geomorphologically. Alpine and subalpine wetlands have been listed under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988, and continued grazing by cattle is not compatible with the conservation objectives for this alpine vegetation type.

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Petty, Aaron M., and Michael M. Douglas. "Scale relationships and linkages between woody vegetation communities along a large tropical floodplain river, north Australia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 26, no. 1 (December 8, 2009): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409990319.

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Abstract:Riparian vegetation varies according to hydrogeomorphic processes operating across different scales over two didmensions: transversely (across-stream) and longitudinally (parallel to stream). We tested the hypothesis that vegetation patterns reveal the scale and direction of underlying processes. We correlated patterns of dominant woody vegetation with environmental variables at 28 sites located within four geomorphologically distinct regions along the length of the South Alligator River catchment of Kakadu National Park, northern Australia. Across the catchment there existed a strong transverse boundary between upland savanna vegetation and two zones of riparian vegetation: Melaleuca-spp.-dominated closed-forest vegetation along stream channels and mixed open-woodland vegetation adjacent to closed forest. We surmise that there is hierarchic constraint on smaller-scale catchment processes due to fire incursion into the riparian zone and access to water during the dry season. Within the closed-forest zone, vegetation did not vary transversely, but did longitudinally. Riparian woodlands also varied longitudinally, but in the upper reaches varied independently of stream variables. By contrast, in the lower reaches woodland was strongly correlated with stream variables. The observed pattern of weak transverse linkages in headwaters but strong linkages in lower reaches is analogous to models developed for in-stream patterns and processes, particularly the river continuum and flood-pulse concepts.

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Everett, Jason D., Mark E. Baird, and Iain M. Suthers. "Nutrient and plankton dynamics in an intermittently closed/open lagoon, Smiths Lake, south-eastern Australia: An ecological model." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 72, no. 4 (May 2007): 690–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.12.001.

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Keijzer, Niels. "Open Data on a Closed Shop? Assessing the potential of transparency initiatives with a focus on efforts to strengthen capacity development support." Development Policy Review 34, no. 1 (December 13, 2015): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12146.

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S, Muhammad Dicky, and Wien Kuntari. "Peningkatan Kualitas Ayam Ras Pedaging Pada CV Banda Poultry Shop Bandung." Jurnal Sains Terapan 7, no. 1 (June 3, 2017): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jstsv.7.1.12-24.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of development for this business to formulate the idea of business development by increasing the quality of broiler chickens using a closed house cage at CV Banda Poultry Shop based on financial and non financial aspects. The idea of business development comes from current issues that broiler mortality was relatively high (6%), and the chickens’ weight is too varied. The business development plan that will be executed is replacing the enclosure of the open-house system into closedhouse. Aim to reduce the level of mortality and improve the uniformity of broiler’s weight, this business development is supported by the availability of technology that can help broiler farming process to be more effective and efficient. This business development is using the same organizational structure, will only add three new workers. Based on financial analysis, this business development has the values of NPV Rp 23 659 722 209.6, IRR 46 percent, Net B/C 3.80 and payback period for 5 years and 6 months. Based on those financial and non financial aspects, the business development is feasible. Based on the switching value analysis, company is sensitive to the changes in the decrease of broiler production by 11.06 percent and company isn’t sensitive to the changes in the increase DOC broiler price by 59.49 percent. The solutions to rise the price of DOC are by changing the brand of DOC (still has good quality) or making hatchery division in the company. Then, when the selling price of chicken is down, the company can sell the chickens in the form of carcasses or make the chickens meat processing industry.

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Fullard, JH, C. Koehler, A. Surlykke, and NL Mckenzie. "Echolocation Ecology and Flight Morphology of Insectivorous Bats (Chiroptera) in South-Western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 4 (1991): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910427.

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A small community of obligate insectivorous microchiropterans in the Perup forest reserve of southwestern Australia was sampled to determine species flight morphologies, diets and echolocation call designs. The aspect ratio:wing loading relationships of the seven species analysed indicate a loose clustering of species into closed, edge and open microhabitats with substantial interspecific overlap. Non-parametric correlations of the bats' aspect ratios and wing loadings with their echolocation call characteristics support these foraging zone classifications. Diet analyses indicate that this community of bats forages on a wide variety of insects, although certain preferences for Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera were noted. We use these results and observations of the same species from other sites to propose a microhabitat separation for the bats of the Perup forest.

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Randić, Srđan, Richard C. Connor, William B. Sherwin, and Michael Krützen. "A novel mammalian social structure in Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops sp.): complex male alliances in an open social network." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1740 (March 28, 2012): 3083–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0264.

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Terrestrial mammals with differentiated social relationships live in ‘semi-closed groups’ that occasionally accept new members emigrating from other groups. Bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops sp.) in Shark Bay, Western Australia, exhibit a fission–fusion grouping pattern with strongly differentiated relationships, including nested male alliances. Previous studies failed to detect a group membership ‘boundary’, suggesting that the dolphins live in an open social network. However, two alternative hypotheses have not been excluded. The community defence model posits that the dolphins live in a large semi-closed ‘chimpanzee-like’ community defended by males and predicts that a dominant alliance(s) will range over the entire community range. The mating season defence model predicts that alliances will defend mating-season territories or sets of females. Here, both models are tested and rejected: no alliances ranged over the entire community range and alliances showed extensive overlap in mating season ranges and consorted females. The Shark Bay dolphins, therefore, present a combination of traits that is unique among mammals: complex male alliances in an open social network. The open social network of dolphins is linked to their relatively low costs of locomotion. This reveals a surprising and previously unrecognized convergence between adaptations reducing travel costs and complex intergroup–alliance relationships in dolphins, elephants and humans.

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Ragusa, Angela T., and Olivia Ward. "Unveiling the Male Corset." Men and Masculinities 20, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x15613830.

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Contemporary sociological research indicates rural men face increasing pressure to comply with hegemonic masculine gender norms. Adopting Butler’s poststructural theory of gender performativity, this study presents findings from qualitative interviews with twenty-five self-identified male Goths living in rural Australia, revealing how participants enacted masculinity and how rurality shaped gender performance. Despite participants’ believing their Goth identity transcended geographic location, Goth self-expression of counternormative masculinity was met with societal pressure. Rural Australian communities were presented as strongly upholding normative, traditional gender expectations as most participants experienced adverse responses, namely, homophobic hostility, employment discrimination, bullying, and/or physical assault, which necessitated modification of gender performance for individual safety and well-being. Participants largely attributed negative reactions to rural communities’ “closed-mindedness” in contrast with the “open-mindedness” they experienced in urban communities. Overall, participants believed urban communities in Australia and beyond displayed greater acceptance of diverse gender performances than rural Australia.

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Febriani, Reni, and Mirza Abdi Khairusy. "ANALISIS PENGARUH CELEBRITY ENDORSER/BRAND AMBASADOR, HARGA DAN DESAIN PRODUK YANG DIMEDIASI OLEH CITRA MEREK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DI ONLINE SHOP SHOPEE." Progress: Jurnal Pendidikan, Akuntansi dan Keuangan 3, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/progress.v3i1.782.

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This research aimed to analyze the effects of celebrity endorser/brand ambasador, price, design product on brand image to purchase decision on Shopee at online shop Desstore Collection Serang. The research object which do in this case is the Desstore Collection consumer who has made a purchase. There are 100 respondents and this research used probability sampling by using simple random sampling technic. The data analyze technic which used in this case is the structural equation model (SEM) by Partial Least Square (smart PLS 3.0). The data is primary and uses a questionnaire online with open and closed questions. The result of this research 5 hypothesis accepted and 2 hypothesis rejected. The 5 hypothesis accepted are price and brand image positively affected to purchase intention, brand ambasador, price and design product positively affected to brand image. 2 hypothesis rejected is show celebrity endorser negatively affected to purchase intention and design product not significant but positively affected to purchaseintention.

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Prior, L. D., D. Eamus, and D. M. J. S. Bowman. "Tree growth rates in north Australian savanna habitats: seasonal patterns and correlations with leaf attributes." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 3 (2004): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03119.

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We demonstrate a significant relationship between leaf attributes and growth rates of mature trees under natural conditions in northern Australia, a pattern that has not been widely reported before in the literature. Increase in diameter at breast height (DBH) was measured every 3 months for 2 years for 21 tree species from four habitats near Darwin: Eucalyptus open forest, mixed eucalypt woodland, Melaleuca swamp and dry monsoon rainforest. Assimilation rates and foliar chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were positively correlated with growth rate and negatively correlated with leaf mass per area. For most species, increases in DBH were confined to the wet-season (summer) period between November and May. Average annual increases in DBH were larger in the dry monsoon rainforest (0.87 cm) and the Melaleuca swamp (0.65 cm) than in the woodland (0.20 cm) and the open forest (0.16 cm), and were larger in non-Myrtaceous species (0.53 cm) than in Myrtaceous species (0.25 cm). These results are discussed in relation to the frequent fire regime prevailing over much of northern Australia which causes the marked contrast between the small pockets of fire-tender closed monsoon rainforest and large expanses of fire-tolerant savanna.

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Bowman, DMJS, and PR Minchin. "Environmental Relationships of Woody Vegetation Patterns in the Australian Monsoon Tropics." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 2 (1987): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870151.

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Indirect gradient analysis was applied to 48 vegetation samples taken from a mosaic of woody vegetation at Berry Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. Compositional variation among the samples was effectively summarised by a two-dimensional ordination by non-metric multidimensional scaling. Subsequent rotational correlation analysis revealed marked relationships between the vegetation pattern and edaphic variables which reflect two aspects of the moisture regime: water availability during the dry season and the degree of inundation during the wet season. Moisture availability is principally determined by topographic position, through its relationship with soil texture and water table depth. Poor drainage during the wet season appears to separate Melaleuca communities from those dominated by eucalypts. Shrubby and grassy open forests appear to be differentiated by the intensity of the winter drought. The grassy understoreys, which occur on upslope positions well above the water table, die off shortly after the end of the wet season thus providing fuel for fires. A closed Carpentaria forest, located on the slopes above a spring, was found to have relatively organic-rich, fertile, fine-textured soils, possibly reflecting the superior nutrient cycling of the closed forest compared with the frequently burnt surrounding open communities. We suggest that the dense evergreen vegetation presents a barrier to fires from the open communities. This would account for the greater proportion of woody, closed forest species that regenerate exclusively from seed. The fires in the eucalypt forests are of low intensity and plants have vegetative mechanisms to recover from damage. We conclude that the edaphically determined vegetation controls fire regime rather than the converse.

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Caley, P. "Factors affecting the success rate of traps for catching feral pigs in a tropical habitat." Wildlife Research 21, no. 3 (1994): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940287.

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Factors affecting the success rate of traps for catching feral pigs inhabiting a tropical habitat in the Northern Territory, Australia, were identified by constructing a generalised linear model relating capture rates of pigs to environmental variables. Capture rates were influenced most significantly by time of year, being highest during the late dry season and lowest during the late wet season. The next-most important variables were the presence of fresh pig-tracks at the trap site before construction, and vegetation type, with capture rates higher in closed forest, open forest and woodland habitats than in open woodland and low open woodland habitats. Other variables that significantly influenced capture rates were whether pigs had previously eaten bait at the trap site, presence of rooting, bait type, and distance from water. The model developed here provides a useful framework of planning and conducting feral pig trapping programmes in the Northern Territory and other similar tropical habitats.

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Fidler, Richard L., Christopher R. Niedek, Justin J. Teng, Mary E. Sturgeon, Qi Zhang, David L. Robinowitz, and Jan Hirsch. "Aerosol Retention Characteristics of Barrier Devices." Anesthesiology 134, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003597.

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Background Disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be associated with inoculation dose. This has triggered interest in intubation barrier devices to block droplet exposure; however, aerosol protection with these devices is not known. This study hypothesized that barrier devices reduce aerosol outside of the barrier. Methods Aerosol containment in closed, semiclosed, semiopen, and open barrier devices was investigated: (1) “glove box” sealed with gloves and caudal drape, (2) “drape tent” with a drape placed over a frame, (3) “slit box” with armholes and caudal end covered by vinyl slit diaphragms, (4) original “aerosol box,” (5) collapsible “interlocking box,” (6) “simple drape” over the patient, and (7) “no barrier.” Containment was investigated by (1) vapor instillation at manikin’s right arm with video-assisted visual evaluation and (2) submicrometer ammonium sulfate aerosol particles ejected through the manikin’s mouth with ventilation and coughs. Samples were taken from standardized locations inside and around the barriers using a particle counter and a mass spectrometer. Aerosol evacuation from the devices was measured using standard hospital suction, a surgical smoke evacuator, and a Shop-Vac. Results Vapor experiments demonstrated leakage via arm holes and edges. Only closed and semiclosed devices and the aerosol box reduced aerosol particle counts (median [25th, 75th percentile]) at the operator’s mouth compared to no barrier (combined median 29 [−11, 56], n = 5 vs. 157 [151, 166], n = 5). The other barrier devices provided less reduction in particle counts (133 [128, 137], n = 5). Aerosol evacuation to baseline required 15 min with standard suction and the Shop-Vac and 5 min with a smoke evacuator. Conclusions Barrier devices may reduce exposure to droplets and aerosol. With meticulous tucking, the glove box and drape tent can retain aerosol during airway management. Devices that are not fully enclosed may direct aerosol toward the laryngoscopist. Aerosol evacuation reduces aerosol content inside fully enclosed devices. Barrier devices must be used in conjunction with body-worn personal protective equipment. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

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Woinarski, JCZ, and SC Tidemann. "The Bird Fauna of a Deciduous Woodland in the Wet-Dry Tropics of Northern Australia." Wildlife Research 18, no. 4 (1991): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910479.

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Censuses of birds were made monthly from October 1986 to October 1987 in a deciduous woodland in the Australian Northern Territory. Additional limited counts of granivorous birds were made in March and April 1988. The woodland was selected for the study because it contains a population of the endangered Gouldian finch (Erythrua gouldiae). The species composition of birds was temporally unstable; this was associated with the marked wet-dry seasonality. For some foraging groups (e.g. nectarivores, foliage-gleaners), diversity was correlated with resource availability. Although the species composition of birds of this site is not very similar to that of any other surveyed area, it falls within the range encompassed by that of woodlands across tropical Australia, and is distinct from that of open and closed forests in the same region. Tropical savanna woodlands and open forests differ in composition of their foraging groups compared with their temperate counterparts. The species richness of granivores, hawking insectivores, nectarivores and terrestrial omnivores at this site is unusually high. The changing composition of bird species in this tropical woodland site suggests that many birds in this environment undergo substantial regional movements. The conservation of such species demands large and heterogeneous reserves, a strategically located reserve system and/or sympathetic management of land outside reserves.

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Fogarty, William, Stewart Riddle, Melissa Lovell, and Ben Wilson. "Indigenous Education and Literacy Policy in Australia: Bringing Learning Back to the Debate." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 47, no. 2 (July 20, 2017): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.18.

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In a policy landscape dominated by forces that seek to continually reshape education according to market logics, there are particular impacts on the seemingly intractable crisis of Indigenous education policy making. Entrenched discourses of deficit result in education policy continually being ‘done to’ communities, with little heed paid to the effects of such efforts on the learning opportunities available to young Indigenous learners, particularly those living in remote communities. This paper examines the contemporary network of policy levers that come to shape how literacy policy is framed for Indigenous Australians through narratives of failure and crisis. In doing so, we ask what learning is made (im)possible and what are some of the ‘flattening’ effects on literacy curriculum and pedagogy as a result? Further, this paper seeks to open up the conversation around what learning is possible when the policy landscape is unflattened, when policy is ‘done with’ communities, and when pedagogical practices are opened up, rather than closed down.

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Nair, Chenicheri Sid, Jinrui Li, and Li Kun Cai. "Academics’ feedback on the quality of appraisal evidence." Quality Assurance in Education 23, no. 3 (July 6, 2015): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-05-2014-0023.

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Purpose – This paper aims to explore academics’ perspectives on the quality of appraisal evidence at a Chinese university. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey with both closed items and open-ended questions was distributed among all academics at the university (n = 1,538). A total of 512 responded to the questionnaire. The closed items were initially analysed using EXCEL and SPSS; the open-ended questions were thematically analysed. Findings – The academics believed that the quality of student survey and peer observation of teaching were affected by subjectivity and the lack of understanding of appraisal. Academics also suggested that appraisals should be contextualised and the approach standardised. The study suggests the need for training that informs and engages relevant stakeholders to ensure the rigour of appraisal. Originality/value – The study raises the issue of quality assurance regarding appraisal data from the perspective of academics. It is based on the collaborative effort of academics in Australia, China and New Zealand, with the support of the management staff at the case study university. The study informs both appraisers and academics of quality assurance issues in appraisal. It also contributes to the literature, in that it initiates dialogues between communities of practices through collective questioning on the quality and mechanisms of appraisal in tertiary education.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Open and closed shop Australia'

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