Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ontologie'
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Jean, Grégori. "Quotidienneté et ontologie : essai de non-ontologie fondamentale." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE2013.
Full textBeing and Time opened on the need to repeat the « question of being », but « started » with an analysis of « everydayness ». If our time is not very inclined to hear the ontological-fundamental project, at least it seized the « everyday » until setting it up into an authentical philosophical paradigm : from researches on the « life-world » to « ordinary language phi-losophies », from « everyday life sociologies » to various attempts to constitute it as a genuine ethical-political claim, it crosses today all our theoretical and practical ways. This work takes note of this paradigm, but projects it, on a critical mode, towards what, according to Heideg-ger, constituted its proper « place »: the ontological-daily Difference. It shows indeed, through an internal reading of the history of phenomenology, and more specifically of funda-mental ontology, that this problem represents somehow its blind focal point, and introduces certain architectonic faults in which a thought like Wittgenstein’s and a sociology like Goff-man’s are engulfed, insofar as they question implicitly what enabled it to ensure, between the two « terms » of this Difference, the continuity required by its gesture of auto-foundation : the « faktum » of « average and vague understanding of Being ». Consequently, this work pro-poses to follow the path of a « fundamental non-ontology » ; not however for itself but — echoing the « second » Heidegger — to the extent that such an « out-being » of everyday life constitutes the (non)basis from which the « question of being » requires to be asked again.
Loebe, Frank. "Ontological Semantics." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-166326.
Full textHazuza, Petr. "Ontologie přístupnosti budov." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202106.
Full textSiegemund, Katja. "Contributions To Ontology-Driven Requirements Engineering." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-162704.
Full textZiani, Mina. "Conception d'une ontologie hybride à partir d'ontologies métier évolutives : intégration et alignement d'ontologies." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30081.
Full textThis thesis concerns the scope of knowledge management using ontological models.To represent domain knowledge, we design a hybrid ontology on two levels: In a local level, each experts’ group has designed its own ontology. In a global level, a consensual ontology containing all the shared knowledge is automatically created.We design a computer-aided system to help experts in the process of mapping creation. It allows experts to choice similarity measures relatively to the ontology characteristics, to reuse the calculated similarities and to verify the consistency of the created mappings.In addition, local ontologies can be updated. This involves modifications in the global ontology and on the created mappings. A relevant approach of our domain was developed.In particular, ontology versioning is used in order to keep a record of all the occurred modifications in the ontologies; it allows to return at any time a previous version of the hybrid ontology.The exploited domain is geotechnics which gathers various business experts. A prototype is in progress and currently does not still captures ontology evolution
Ducros, Paul. "Ontologie de la psychanalyse." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2001.
Full textEichler, Marc. "Extraktion einer OWL-Ontologie." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11482143.
Full textLe, Bihan Baptiste. "Un espace-temps de contingences." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S133.
Full textI begin by giving reasons to accept the block-universe view, the strongly supported by physics view that we live in a four-dimensional world. According to it, the past and the future are as real as the present. But then, it seems that the future is determined in the sense that what will be the case will necessarily be the case. In the dissertation, I want to examine whether we have to accept this consequence. I show that we do not have to bite the bullet: the future might be both real and contingent. I first start to consider modal realism (possible futures are real) as a possible solution. However, I propose then another account, actualist (positing the reality of only one possible world: the space-time we live in). This solution relies on a conventionalist theory about metaphysical modality. It states that modal modality is purely conventional. In combination with a realist interpretation of natural modality (causal and/or nomological), this framework allows me to propose that the future is conventionally closed and naturally contingent. In this view, the necessity of the future holds in virtue of linguistic conventions and then is conventionally necessary. But this is a distinct phenomenon from the natural contingency of the future: the future is naturally contingent because there are mind-independent probabilistic relations holding between the present and the future. This solution has strong consequences: most importantly, an anti-realist view about ordinary objects and physical particles. I end up by presenting and arguing in favor of the general image of the world that comes out from these views
Kleb, Joachim [Verfasser]. "Ontologie-basierte Monosemierung / Joachim Kleb." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2015. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
Full textAhouma, Adaye. "Technoscience-ontologie : la"rupture systématique"." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIML002.
Full textKouagou, Pascal. "Ontologie heideggérienne et théologie contemporaine." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOL007.
Full textThe aim of our research is to show how Heidegger challenges classical metaphysics of platonic origin, which can be considered as the origin of a causa-sui god, the god of onto-thelogy. For Heidegger, as Nietzsche showed so well, it is a question of proclaiming "the death of God", a supreme value stemming from metaphysics. In the first place, we will deal with the major thems of existential ontology in Heidegger’s work and then show how they have been used by theologians. Secondly we will show how Heidegger’s approach to that is sacred could lead to a new theological formulation. The ultimate aim of our thesis is to show that heidegger is not an atheist and that his thought allows a greater expression of faith than that of the human sciences
Okwa-Ondo, Peter Abraham. "Nouvel humanisme et ontologie africaine." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30026.
Full textIn facts and manifestations watched as irrationals by the scientist and positivist understanding, one can detect from the point of view of the philosophy of Being, a poetic rationality which is at work in every human spirit. This “super-rationalism” able to integrate at the same time both the perceptible and the rational obeys a logic of symbolism we find in the African Ontology.The ontological Africanism leads into a philosophy of the finiteness where the intuitive knowledge frees the spirit from the rationalist dogmatism. It enables a comprehension of the Being as a whole looking at the question of the relationship to the self, and the relationship to the other through the figure of the African sage.Today, the encounter of cultures and civilizations allows a crossing of rationalities and a plurality of values that are the foundation of the new humanism we claim as ours. An humanism based on the respect and the understanding of the other by accepting the difference of his own thought as well as his socio-psychological attributes
Lamontagne, François. "Pour une ontologie du corps /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textRésumé disponible sur Internet. Diapositives à la fin du v. en pochette. CaQCU CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Hignette, Gaëlle. "Annotation sémantique floue de tableaux guidée par une ontologie." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003799.
Full textAmdouni, Emna. "Représentation sémantique des biomarqueurs d’imagerie dans le domaine médical." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S124/document.
Full textIn personalized medicine, radiological measurements and observations play an important role; in particular they help clinicians in making their diagnosis, selecting the appropriate treatment and monitoring the therapeutic response to an intervention as for example the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Many radiology-pathology correlation studies show that quantitative and qualitative imaging features are associated to genetic alterations and gene expression. Therefore, suitable management of imaging phenotypes is needed to facilitate their use and reuse in multiple studies regarding radiological measurements. In litterature, radiological measurements that characterize biological processes of imaged subjects are called imaging biomarkers. The main objective of this thesis is to propose an ontological conceptualisation of imaging biomarkers to make their meaning explicit and formal, improve structured reporting of images. The first part of the thesis presents a generic ontology that defines basic aspects of the imaging biomarker concept, namely; measured biological characteristic, measurement protocols and role in decision making application. The second part of the thesis adresses important semantic modeling challenges related to the description of neuro-imaging data using existing biomedical knowledge, as well as it proposes some “relevant” solutions to the most typical situations that need to be modeled in glioblastoma
Zamazal, Ondřej. "Pattern-based Ontology Matching and Ontology Alignment Evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77051.
Full textMorena, Luca. "Word or object? : a study of disagreement in ontology /." Milano : Albo versorio, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016234905&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textNoordraven, Andreas Albertus. "Kants morele ontologie historische oorsprong en systematische betekenis = Kants moralische Ontologie : historischer Ursprung und systematische Bedeutung /." [Nijmegen : Rotterdam : de auteur] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/7013.
Full textZarebski, David. "Ontologie naturalisée et ingénierie des connaissances." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H232/document.
Full text«What do I need to know about something to know it ?». It is no wonder that such a general, hard to grasp and riddle-like question remained the exclusive domain of a single discipline for centuries : Philosophy. In this context, the distinction of the primitive components of reality – the so called "world’s furniture" – and their relations is called an Ontology. This book investigates the emergence of similar questions in two different though related fields, namely : Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering. We show here that the way these disciplines apply an ontological methodology to either cognition or knowledge representation is not a mere analogy but raises a bunch of relevant questions and challenges from both an applied and a speculative point of view. More specifically, we suggest that some of the technical answers to the issues addressed by Big Data invite us to revisit many traditional philosophical positions concerning the role of language or common sense reasoning in the thought or the existence of mind-independent structure in reality
Laplane, Lucie. "Cellules souches cancéreuses : ontologie et thérapies." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100119/document.
Full textA new theory of cancer has recently gained importance in the scientific community. According to this theory, cancers develop from a particular sub-population of cancer cells, named “cancer stem cells” (CSCs). The proponents of the CSC theory argue that relapses are caused by CSCs because they escape classical therapies. Consequently, they claim that eliminating all the CSCs of a given cancer is a necessary and sufficient condition to cure the patient. In this dissertation, I scrutinize this therapeutic strategy and I argue that its ability to cure cancers will depend on our understanding of the nature of stemness. Indeed, cancer stem cells are characterized by this property, that is, the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate. However, the nature of stemness is rather obscure. Is it a categorical property or a disposition? Can a non-stem cell (cancerous or not) acquire stemness, and under which conditions? On the basis of analysis survey of the scientific literature, I distinguish four possible concepts of the nature of stemness. I contend that if the CSC theory is true, determining the exact nature of stemness is essential for cancers treatments
Mugneret, Mikaël. "Ontologie, sciences cognitives et identité personnelle." Nancy 2, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc234/2006NAN21012.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to proceed at the examination of some problems related to the nebulous but so fundamental notion of personal identity. At first, we confronted both antireductionist and reductionist views upon self identity. Then, we focalise on non eliminative reductionism. We explore respective worth of psychological and corporeal criterions. Finally, we discuss internalist and externalist conceptions of mind, and drawn out some consequences about the questions of self identity and consciousness unity. Our discussion takes end with the review and the analysis of some critics, opposed to the use of thought experiments in the scope of reflections about the self. We conclude in defining some criterions of self identity which integer, through a temporal and spatial continuity, the somatic then psychological dimension of the individual
Delooz, Thierry. "Pour une ontologie de la relation." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040217.
Full textThe purpose of the author is to take an integral perspective upon a fact confirmed together by experience and reason : every being is connected, so that relation is at the heart of being. Consequently are successively explored : the wordly-being with the fundamental relation of creation through a meditation upon the contemporary revival and development of cosmology, then the divine-being with the "Christian rise of the philosophy" particularly paradigmatical which is god's internal trinity, lastly the human-being whose hermeneutical key is the personal relation to the absolute, which he does not find either in the world or in himself, but the necessity of which he discerns however. Thus cosmology, theology, anthropology converge towards a universal ontology of the being-in-relation
Arnichand, Jean-François. "Représentations et ontologie de la jeunesse." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10007.
Full textThrough the analysis of youth, a new social order appears to us : is there a "young way of life" ? the first part of this work is an interrogation about different approaches of "being young", permanences and changings of social and sociological discourses about youth. Young are an esthetic reality. We try to compare "youth culture" with "popular-culture" and "mass-culture" in a second part. The third part is more specifically about youth and music : different ways of feeling music in different spaces (home, concert) even for the same individual
Loth, François. "Causalité mentale et ontologie des propriétés." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1PH03.
Full textThe problem of mental causation is traditionally the problem of understanding how a mental substance could interact with a physical substance. Many philosophers these days reject immaterial minds but the problem of mental causation has not gone away. The focus is on how mental properties can be causally relevant to behaviour. This work examines the problem of mental causation and analyses various solutions offered by the literature on the subject. It brings objection to standard resolutions, and establishes a point of reference: the clarification of the underlying ontology. It focuses on mental properties and argues that they should justify causality inside the physical world. The answer offered here, applies the concept of particular properties (i. E. Trope) considered as particularized ways of being, and suggests an identity for mental and physical instances
Mugneret, Mikaël Pouivet Roger. "Ontologie, sciences cognitives et identité personnelle." Nancy : Université Nancy 2, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr/htdocs/docs_ouvert/doc234/2006NAN21012.pdf.
Full textFalco, Riccardo. "Generazione di ontologie da rappresentazioni grafiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6465/.
Full textIdoudi, Rihab. "Fouille de connaissances en diagnostic mammographique par ontologie et règles d'association." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0005/document.
Full textFacing the significant complexity of the mammography area and the massive changes in its data, the need to contextualize knowledge in a formal and comprehensive modeling is becoming increasingly urgent for experts. It is within this framework that our thesis work focuses on unifying different sources of knowledge related to the domain within a target ontological modeling. On the one hand, there is, nowadays, several mammographic ontological modeling, where each resource has a distinct perspective area of interest. On the other hand, the implementation of mammography acquisition systems makes available a large volume of information providing a decisive competitive knowledge. However, these fragments of knowledge are not interoperable and they require knowledge management methodologies for being comprehensive. In this context, we are interested on the enrichment of an existing domain ontology through the extraction and the management of new knowledge (concepts and relations) derived from two scientific currents: ontological resources and databases holding with past experiences. Our approach integrates two knowledge mining levels: The first module is the conceptual target mammographic ontology enrichment with new concepts extracting from source ontologies. This step includes three main stages: First, the stage of pre-alignment. The latter consists on building for each input ontology a hierarchy of fuzzy conceptual clusters. The goal is to reduce the alignment task from two full ontologies to two reduced conceptual clusters. The second stage consists on aligning the two hierarchical structures of both source and target ontologies. Thirdly, the validated alignments are used to enrich the reference ontology with new concepts in order to increase the granularity of the knowledge base. The second level of management is interested in the target mammographic ontology relational enrichment by novel relations deducted from domain database. The latter includes medical records of mammograms collected from radiology services. This section includes four main steps: i) the preprocessing of textual data ii) the application of techniques for data mining (or knowledge extraction) to extract new associations from past experience in the form of rules, iii) the post-processing of the generated rules. The latter is to filter and classify the rules in order to facilitate their interpretation and validation by expert, vi) The enrichment of the ontology by new associations between concepts. This approach has been implemented and validated on real mammographic ontologies and patient data provided by Taher Sfar and Ben Arous hospitals. The research work presented in this manuscript relates to knowledge using and merging from heterogeneous sources in order to improve the knowledge management process
Tittel, Erik. "Refactoring in der Ontologiegetriebenen Softwareentwicklung." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-69119.
Full textIn this thesis an approach is elaborated for the development and evolution of ontology-driven software systems. Ontology-driven software systems are software systems for which ontologies serve as main design documents. Ontologies are furthermore central parts of the running system. They describe the structure of the system and hold data. Parts of the software system are automatically derived from the structure descriptions of the ontology. This work concentrates on the evolution of those systems, thereby defining a catalogue of ontology refactorings. A tool suite called OntoMore is implemented to show the feasibility of the elaborated approach. OntoMore can transform ontologies in metamodels and models of EMF to integrate them in software systems. It can furthermore execute refactorings synchronously on both structures, which is called Co-Refactoring. Hence the consistent evolution of ontologies and models is ensured. The implementation is evaluated with an example ontology about the freelancer domain
Thiele, Kathrin. "The thought of becoming Gilles Deleuze's poetics of life." Zürich Berlin Diaphanes, 2008. http://d-nb.info/986780715/04.
Full textThiault, Dominique. "Définition et opérationnalisation d'une ontologie des processus sociaux - La coopération par engagements et suspensions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0014.
Full textSocial interactions are becoming increasingly important in organizations that have to adapt to a mediated and evolving environment that involves increasing agility. Most of the models and tools available to organizations today address social interactions based on the coordination of actions and its articulation work, without introducing the social dimension and cooperation based on social processes and mechanisms insufficiently addressed. In this thesis, we propose a meta-model of social interactions based on the formalization of a sociology of social interactions of P. Livet and F. Nef and the construction of an extension to social processes and objects an Applied Ontology of the Processes and Events of G. Kassel
Talbot, François. "Phénoménologie, ontologie et réalité : Hegel et Marx." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30720/30720.pdf.
Full textCrignon, Philippe. "Hobbes et la représentation : une ontologie politique." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082718.
Full textHobbes’s political philosophy reshapes the ontological condition of a human community with the concept of representation. Far from being an other word for delegation, representation deals with the way men unite in one people and avoid the contradiction of the state of nature, where nature nature destroys itself. Hobbes substitutes representation for incarnation, as a model to bring men unto being together. This new foundations for politics split with a theological tradition as well as corporation law. They discredit the idea of a body politic, and opens on a new definition of the person
Milet, Jean-Philippe. "L'absolu technique : technique et ontologie chez Heidegger." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100076.
Full textThe aim of the concept of technical absolute is to lead the connexion of the two views proposed by Heidegger’s thinking: the first view is to think technical as the form of summon to nature (physis); our purpose is then to show that mediation of technical achieves partition between "to be" and "being", and let the partition come as such. The second view is to think technical as unkindness from nature. The aim of this second accentuation is to explore possibility of artifice, by being grounded upon the different fields of "techno-science", and upon art. The leading interrogation bears on the question of decision and undecidable. The endeavor of inquiry is to make light upon the decision as essence of technical, in Heidegger’s thinking, by showing that it achieves possibilities sketched forward in being, which correspond to the manifestation of possible as such. In counterpoint Heidegger’s indications, the inquiry endeavor to outline an alternative concept of possible, which implies, in field of being, the offended space of a possible game ; the display of possible, as undecidable, must be thought through the fields of technical
Hong, Ki-Sook. "Problématique du sujet et ontologie chez Deleuze." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082644.
Full textOur research consists in analysis about the concept of subject which intervenes in the event and must be faithful in the new situation after the event. We examine most of all the problem of ontology for this analysis, because we want to define the concept of subject as the name which is different than ontology’s term. We choose G. Deleuze who is a philosopher contemporary. That is, our research clarifies in development of Deleuze’s ontology and subject. The study is divided into six sections. 1) Investigation of the concept of subject today, ontology, and the question of subject and ontology in Deleuze 2) multiples heterogeneous as pure becoming 3) event and sense 4) champ of virtual 5) time and its sovereignty 6) inside of thought: “subjectivation”. Our conception of the subject which is distant from Deleuze’s thought is decided by the singular topology where the chance of the event is material of the subject and the truth
Langlet, Bruno. "Psychologie et ontologie dans l'oeuvre d'Alexius Meinong." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3099.
Full textIn this work, it is claimed that Meinong’s theory of relations, although established in a psychological aim, has strong ontological implications under a particular aspect and peculiar to Meinong’s view. The requirements appearing from this relationship between psychology and ontology enlighten the meinongian realism. Associated with the problem of complexions which Meinong inherited from the discovery of gestalt qualities by Ehrenfels ; and regarding some applications which are made in the theory of the measure ; such a theory of relations leads Meinong to distinguishing the activities of the mind and the properties of the objects of these activities – properties that cannot ontologically depend on the mind. We claim that the distinction of Twardowski between content and object is not what determines the position of Meinong on objects and on objects of higher order. Meinong seems to have conceived a very similar distinction along his researches on relations and complexions. He even seemed to adopt a critical posture toward some implications of the Twardowski’s distinction - this posture clarifying the specificity of the meinongian realism. The theory of relations also grounds the Meinong’s view on the distinction between existential judgments and categorical judgments. His refusal of Twardowski’s representationalism, and his refusal of the Brentano-martyan view on the reducibility of the categorical judgments to existential ones, are internally connected with his thesis on assumptions and on “absistent” objects
Beqiri, Indrit. "Ontologie per il Web Semantico: un'analisi comparativa." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3581/.
Full textAmjad, Fahd. "Approche ontologie pour l'intégration des entreprises distribuées." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0334/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we have provided a complete review of the semantic web technologies and their corresponding utility in the current environment for small to medium sized enterprise (MSE). The traditional approaches to enterprise integration favour large enterprise entities and force contractual limitations on smaller partners, but at the same time the pressure to guard the individual enterprise competence is ever increasing, the distributed enterprise (MSE) in such an environment have limited number of choices, which forces them to make strategic decisions and enter into a long term agreements with their partners and this limits their flexibility to the market changes. We, in this thesis, propose a semantic web based ontology approach for integrating the information as well as physical resource of the distributed enterprise. This web based approach acts as a decision support for better resources utility as well as distributed information integration. The work related to web ontology?s for information integration is not new, but the approach proposed in this thesis for distributed enterprise is an added value. Similarly, we have also proposed semantic web ontology as a configuration system to manage the distributed resources of the virtual enterprise, for this we have modelled OWL-DL ontology on the semantic of the industrial integration standard ISA-95, and subsequently used this ontology artefact as a configuration artefact to manage the distributed virtual enterprise material and equipment resources this is the main proposition of the thesis of utilizing semantic web ontology as resource configuration decision support
Amjad, Fahd. "Approche ontologie pour l'intégration des entreprises distribuées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0334.
Full textIn this thesis, we have provided a complete review of the semantic web technologies and their corresponding utility in the current environment for small to medium sized enterprise (MSE). The traditional approaches to enterprise integration favour large enterprise entities and force contractual limitations on smaller partners, but at the same time the pressure to guard the individual enterprise competence is ever increasing, the distributed enterprise (MSE) in such an environment have limited number of choices, which forces them to make strategic decisions and enter into a long term agreements with their partners and this limits their flexibility to the market changes. We, in this thesis, propose a semantic web based ontology approach for integrating the information as well as physical resource of the distributed enterprise. This web based approach acts as a decision support for better resources utility as well as distributed information integration. The work related to web ontology?s for information integration is not new, but the approach proposed in this thesis for distributed enterprise is an added value. Similarly, we have also proposed semantic web ontology as a configuration system to manage the distributed resources of the virtual enterprise, for this we have modelled OWL-DL ontology on the semantic of the industrial integration standard ISA-95, and subsequently used this ontology artefact as a configuration artefact to manage the distributed virtual enterprise material and equipment resources this is the main proposition of the thesis of utilizing semantic web ontology as resource configuration decision support
Cahen, Muriel. "La structure du temps : ontologie et représentation." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0107.
Full textIn the frame of a relationist and non-substantialist conception of time, understood as a structure of events in relations, I will argue for the realism of the representation of time spawned by perception. I will show the isomorphism between the structure of time thus represented and the ontological structure of time. This isomorphism will be grounded in a correspondence between the constructions of these structures. I will proceed in four steps. The first part is an enquiry into the problems raised by relationist constructions of time and the requisits bearing upon their base elements: events and relations. The second part will propose an informal model of construction of time able to solve these problems, and state the nature of its base elements. The third part will show that perception gives those basic elements, which allows for a construction of time that suits the model. Basing itself on an ontological hypothesis concerning events and relations, the last part will propose an ontological construction of time equally conform to the suggested model. I will conclude that perceptual data generate a realist representation of time
Talhi, Asma. "Proposition d’une modélisation unifiée du Cloud Manufacturing et d’une méthodologie d’implémentation, basées sur les ontologies d’inférence." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0017/document.
Full textIn this research, we introduce a methodology to build a CM architecture. Cloud Manufacturing is an emerging paradigm in which dynamically scalable and virtualized resources are provided to the users as services over the Internet. Our architecture serves as a platform for mapping users and manufacturing resources' providers with the aim of enhancing collaboration within Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) by reducing costs and development time. Since some providers may use different descriptions of their services we believe that semantic web technologies like ontologies are robust tools for mapping providers' descriptions and users' requests in order to find the suited service. Then, we use ontology to build the knowledge model of Cloud Manufacturing domain. The ontology defines the steps of the pro- duct lifecycle as services and also takes in account the Cloud Computing features (storage, Computing capacity, etc.). The Cloud Manufacturing ontology contributes to intelligent and automated service discovery and is included in a platform for mapping users and providers. The proposed methodology ASCI-Onto is inspired by ASDI framework (analysis-specification- design-implementation) which has already been used in supply chain, healthcare and manu- facturing domains. The goal of the new methodology consists of designing easily a library of components for a Cloud Manufacturing system. Finally, an example of application of this methodology with a simulation model, based on the CloudSim software, is presented. The goal is to help industrials to make their decisions in order to design Cloud Manufacturing systems
Birouste, Clément. "Le Magdalénien après la Nature : une étude des relations entre humains et animaux durant le Magdalénien moyen." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20009/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to bring new elements to our comprehension of human-animal relationships in one of the emblematic cultures of the European Upper Palaeolithic, the Middle Magdalenian of south-western France, through a two-pronged approach treating animal (and human) depictions and animal (and human) skeletal remains. Rigid naturalism, which presupposes an opposition between nature and culture, as well as the assumed universality of anthropocentrism, are limiting to this endeavor. These intellectual frames of reference confine the realms of investigation of both archaeozoology and the study of figurative art, impeding in part our ability to access the ways in which communities of the past apprehended their own environment. We concentrate therefore on theoretical postures that authorize the relativization of naturalistic ontology while all the same recognizing a diversity of ontologies.Our project is therefore an attempt to identify the specific ontological system of the Middle Magdalenian via its attributed archaeological remains – with the objective of determining the nature of human-animal relationship during the Middle Magdalenian. Philippe Descola’s model of four modes of identification seems to us to be the best adapted approach for such an enterprise, as it provides precise definitions that are easily employed.Middle Magdalenian parietal art focuses particularly on very specific distinctions, but also on the individuation of animals and their respective behaviours, seeming to bring out the depicted animals’ intentionality. Certain methods participate in the linking of these intentionalities: notably the parietal plan, the use of natural reliefs, and the way humanity is represented. A study focusing on skeletal animal remains from Middle Magdalenian sites shows that the general pattern of butchery operations and its supposed ritualization is particularly oriented towards animal individuality and subjectivity. This generalized butchery pattern of animals shows parallels with the treatment of certain human remains. In the two cases, a particular emphasis is seen in the minutia and intensity of procedures and an over-representation of skulls in habitat sites, indicating a relative equivalence between the status of humans and non-humans, as well as a desire to reduce the subjectivity of individuals via the transformation of forms. The intentions conveyed by these diverse practices – in parietal art, and in the treatment of animal and human remains – seem particularly representative of Descola’s animist mode of identification, and appear to be incompatible with other modes of identification, including totemism, which we often associate with the European Upper Palaeolithic. A globalized theme of animist bent appears, in which the individuation of humans as animals seems important, as is their linkage. Diverse forms of interaction between human and non-human individuals may have found their place in what appears to constitute a cycle integrating practices underlining the apparition and disparition of animal subjectivity
Wiggershaus, Nick. "Mind the Gap : A Historico-Philosophical Investigation of the Ontological Status of Computer Programs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2025. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSHS/2025/2025ULILH004.pdf.
Full textThis thesis addresses the ontological status of computer programs. Previous studies have placed computer programs in almost every ontological category available and claimed that they have a ‘dual nature.' My primary contribution to the debate is offering an alternative framework emphasizing computational implementation and its relata. I argue that we do not need to endorse the dual nature view by suggesting that ‘program' is a polyseme - an umbrella term hosting various entities spanning the abstract-concrete dichotomy. The advantage of this view is the avoidance of positing metaphysically dubious entities. Instead, we can understand the ontology of programs as a network of relations between abstracta and concreta that we bundle together through implementation when using computing machines as epistemic tools. To flash out and explore the claims of this alternative view, I first delve into the philosophical literature on implementation and taxonomize its different notions. In due course, I offer a unified theory of agential implementation, short UTAI. Specifically, UTAI advocates developing a series of related clarificatory case studies that track three different dependency relations between us and the ontologically different constituents under the term program. Accordingly, I discuss the implications of the first dependency relation between programmers and programs as abstract objects. By adopting the Problem of Creation - a well-known issue from the philosophy of art - I present a fresh perspective on the metaphysical options that allow us to view programs as abstract entities. Next, I focus on the second dependency relation between human agents and physical computation. As a result, I provide a new argument for understanding computational implementation as a three-place relation and develop a suitable notion called Implementation-as (based on the DEKI account of scientific representation). Lastly, I address the third dependency relation between programmers and the material systems used for program execution. By combining the insights of interventionism, technical artifacts, and neo-mechanistic literature, I introduce the notion of ‘physical programmability.'
Garcia, Pierre. "La souverainete et l'etre : essai sur les fondements speculatifs de la derniere philosophie de schelling." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2015.
Full textEberhart, Andreas. "Ontology-based infrastructure for intelligent applications." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972319662.
Full textWohner, Wolfgang. "EOS an epistemological ontology-driven system for knowledge processing /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97127553X.
Full textMartins, André. "Le réel et l'illusion : pour une ontologie non métaphysique." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE2001.
Full textWhen philosophers in general speak about being or truth, or when Spinoza writes about substance, nature or god, or when Nietzsche discusses life and the all, they are concerned with the real. Taking as a point of departure that the real is common to all persons and objects, this thesis proposes, instead of a model of analogy, a model of univocity as a support for an understanding of the real, thereby constituting an ontology - and not a metaphysics that doubles the real by reifying an image of being. Analogy is added to univocity, just as all illusion is added to the real. This thesis builds the above model of univocity with the aid of the philosophies of Spinoza, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Gilles Deleuze, and Clement Rosset, and with quantum physics. One will analyse analogy in the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Descartes, and Kant by confronting them with the real. In conclusion, the notion of the "superhuman", of humankind as individuation in harmony with the real, is substituted for the idea or the image of man illusorily separated from unique and non-separable substance that constitutes him, and of which he is, like all things, only a mode
Kirmse, Karoline. "Eine Methode zur Berechnung der Ähnlichkeit zwischen Konzepten unter Berücksichtigung der Modellierungsperspektive." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-23629.
Full textSchneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Zur "Konstruktion des Gegenstandes" in den Geisteswissenschaften." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-152587.
Full textPuget, Raphael. "Etude de la classification dans un trés grand nombre de catégories." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066312/document.
Full textThe increase in volume of the data nowadays is at the origin of new problematics for which machine learning does not possess adapted answers. The usual classification task which requires to assign one or more classes to an example is extended to problems with thousands or even millions of different classes. Those problems bring new research fields like the complexity reduction of the classification process. That classification process has a complexity usually linear with the number of classes of the problem, which can be an issue if the number of classes is too large. Various ways to deal with those new problems have emerged like the construction of a hierarchy of classifiers or the adaptation of ECOC ensemble methods. The work presented here describes two new methods to answer this extreme classification task. The first one consists in a new asymmetrical measure to help the partitioning of the classes in order to build a hierarchy of classes. The second one proposes a sequential way to aggregate effectively the most interesting classifiers