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Journal articles on the topic 'Ontological Asymmetry'
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Rumelili, Bahar, and Ayşe Betül Çelik. "Ontological insecurity in asymmetric conflicts: Reflections on agonistic peace in Turkey’s Kurdish issue." Security Dialogue 48, no. 4 (April 24, 2017): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010617695715.
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This article contributes to the recent literature on ontological security in conflict studies by empirically investigating, through a case study of Turkey’s Kurdish issue, how ontological asymmetry complicates peace processes. Over time, all conflicts become embroiled in a set of self-conceptions and narratives vis-à-vis the Other, the maintenance of which becomes critical for ontological security. In ethnic conflicts, however, these conceptions and narratives also intersect with a fundamental ontological asymmetry, because such conflicts often pit state parties with secure existence against ethnic groups with contested status and illegitimate standing. We argue that peace processes are easier to initiate but harder to conclude in ontologically asymmetric conflicts. Accordingly, we find that during the 2009–2015 peace process in Turkey, ontological (in)security-induced dynamics presented themselves in cyclical patterns of ambitious peace initiatives receiving greater support among the Kurdish public but giving way, at the first sign of crisis, to a rapid and dramatic return to violence, which neither side acted to stem. Moreover, we underscore that ontologically asymmetric conflicts, such as Turkey’s Kurdish issue, are often characterized by a societal security dilemma, where the conditions of ontological security for one party undermine those of the other. Therefore, building consensus around a new shared peace narrative may not be possible or desirable, and a lasting solution to Turkey’s Kurdish issue depends on the development of an agonistic peace around coexisting, multiple and contestatory narratives.
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Corkum, Phil. "Aristotle on Ontological Dependence." Phronesis 53, no. 1 (2008): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852808x252594.
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AbstractAristotle holds that individual substances are ontologically independent from non-substances and universal substances but that non-substances and universal substances are ontologically dependent on substances. There is then an asymmetry between individual substances and other kinds of beings with respect to ontological dependence. Under what could plausibly be called the standard interpretation, the ontological independence ascribed to individual substances and denied of non-substances and universal substances is a capacity for independent existence. There is, however, a tension between this interpretation and the asymmetry between individual substances and the other kinds of entities with respect to ontological independence. I will propose an alternative interpretation: to weaken the relevant notion of ontological independence from a capacity for independent existence to the independent possession of a certain ontological status.
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Shannon, Nathan D. "Covenant Relation as Prolegomena to Knowledge of God: An Exegetical Study of John 5." Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie 61, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nzsth-2019-0018.
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Summary The classical view of the Creator-creature relation conveys ontological asymmetry by affirming a real creature-Creator relation and a rational Creator-creature relation. But the hermeneutical implications of this view obscure the Creator-creature symmetry of biblical religion. In this article I propose a real covenant relation as a divine initiative establishing a relation within which Creator-creature intercourse is possible, actual, and real. I defend the notion of real covenant relation through a study of John 5, and I develop it theologically with reference to Reformed biblical and covenant theology. A real covenant relation preserves ontological asymmetry, vindicates religious symmetry, and affirms rather than obscures the anthropomorphic tenor of biblical revelation.
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Paoletti, Michele Paolini. "Respects of Dependence and Symmetry." Studia Neoaristotelica 18, no. 1 (2021): 31–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studneoar20211812.
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In this article I discuss several apparent counterexamples to the asymmetry of ontological dependence. These counterexamples were introduced in discussions about grounding, but they can affect every theory of ontological dependence. I show that, if one adopts metaontological pluralism (i.e., the view according to which there are many dependence relations), one has some advantages when it comes to defending the asymmetry of dependence. In Section 1, I introduce metaontological pluralism and my own version of it, which is based on Respect-of-Dependence Relations (rd-relations). I then single out five strategies to deal with apparent cases of symmetric dependence and show that two of them are only available to metaontological pluralists. In Sections 2, 3, and 4 I deal with cases of symmetric dependence by adopting these strategies. Finally, in Section 5, I anticipate and reply to three objections against my account.
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Reza, Muhammad. "Metaphor in Mark Forster's Album LIEBE S/W." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 1998–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1888.
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This study is a cognitive semantic analysis of the conceptual metaphor of the song lyrics in Mark Forster's album Liebe S/W. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The theories used are the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) by Lakoff&Johnson (2003) as the main theory and image schema theory by Croft & Cruse (2004). The data sources in this study were taken from the lyrics of 14 German songs from the album Liebe S/W (2019) by Mark Forster. This study was carried out for the purpose of describing the characteristics of the metaphors, the types of conceptual metaphors and image schemes contained in the song lyrics in the album. Mark Forster's cognition as a singer-songwriter on the album can be seen with this study through a conceptual metaphor approach. Based on the results of the research, it is found as many as 52 data containing metaphorical expressions. Based on the analysis in accordance with Saeed's theory as a metaphor characteristic theory, it shows that there are 13 data with abstraction,15 data with conventionality, 9 data with systematicity, and 15 data with asymmetry. The ontological metaphors is the most dominant in the album. Data analysis using the Lakoff&Johnson theory shows that the conceptual metaphors are found as many as 32 ontological metaphors, 15 orientational metaphors, and 5 structural metaphors. The image schemes found are 20 containers, 4 multiplicities, 4 existences, 5 identites, 12 spaces and 1 scale. Some patterns were found based on theories, 1) metaphors with the characteristics of abstraction and asymmetry have ontological, orientational and structural conceptual metaphors with all types of image schemes. 2) metaphors with conventional characteristics only have ontological conceptual metaphor type with some image schemes, except multiplicity. 3) metaphors with systematic characteristics have ontological and orientation conceptual metaphors with image schemes, except identity and scale.
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Obsu, Fiseha, Getachew Kassa, and Samuel Tefera. "Ontological Insecurity and Peace Process: Southern Ethiopia’s Conflict in the Space-Time Continuum." Eirene Estudios de Paz y Conflictos 7, no. 13 (July 4, 2024): 15–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.62155/eirene.v7i13.274.
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T This study discussed ontological security in the peace process and its impact on conflict transformation in southern Ethiopia conflicts. By analyzing the Garri and Borana conflict and the peace process, the study demonstrates how ethnic conflicts involving conceptions of self-narratives with ontological asymmetry deter peace initiatives. Ontological security framework and qualitative approach guided the study, which sought to interpret reality from the context of the respondents. The study used Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussions as a source of primary data and review of secondary sources. Accordingly, the study revealed that the southern Ethiopia peace process since the establishment of ethnic federalism, particularly between Garri [Somali] and Borana [Oromo], has been characterized by persistent ontological (in)security, conflicting narratives, and recurring violence, perpetuating cycle of insecurity and hindering the achievement of durable peace. Breaking this cycle requires negotiations that address the central narratives embraced by both groups, promoting mutual recognition and transforming antagonistic relationships. Embracing coexistence and constructing transformative strategies can create a mutually acceptable narrative that can challenge the established conflict narrative. The study concludes that a peaceful, stable, and mutually supportive environment can be fostered by creating a durable framework that addresses the ontological security concerns of both communities.
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Barrett, John C. "Comment on ‘The symmetries and asymmetries of human–thing relations. A dialogue’." Archaeological Dialogues 24, no. 2 (December 2017): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203817000149.
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Gavin Lucas questions whether Ian Hodder's analysis of the ‘entanglements’ between humans and many other things necessarily assumes an inherent asymmetry. The quick answer is that it is more than likely, and we might wonder why Lucas thinks that this is a problem. The recent ‘ontological turn’ in archaeology has sought to treat the differences between all things ‘symmetrically’ and ‘without a priori subsuming them into an asymmetrical regime of radical divides’ (Olsen and Witmore 2015, 188). One such radical divide would be between living things (such as humans) and non-living things (such as hammers): it is the potential asymmetry across this divide that Lucas seems to want to avoid.
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GERALD DOWNING, F. "ONTOLOGICAL ASYMMETRY IN PHILO AND CHRISTOLOGICAL REALISM IN PAUL, HEBREWS AND JOHN." Journal of Theological Studies 41, no. 2 (1990): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jts/41.2.423.
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Catani, Lorenzo, and Matthew Leifer. "A mathematical framework for operational fine tunings." Quantum 7 (March 16, 2023): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-03-16-948.
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In the framework of ontological models, the inherently nonclassical features of quantum theory always seem to involve properties that are fine tuned, i.e. properties that hold at the operational level but break at the ontological level. Their appearance at the operational level is due to unexplained special choices of the ontological parameters, which is what we mean by a fine tuning. Famous examples of such features are contextuality and nonlocality. In this article, we develop a theory-independent mathematical framework for characterizing operational fine tunings. These are distinct from causal fine tunings – already introduced by Wood and Spekkens in [NJP,17 033002(2015)] – as the definition of an operational fine tuning does not involve any assumptions about the underlying causal structure. We show how known examples of operational fine tunings, such as Spekkens' generalized contextuality, violation of parameter independence in Bell experiment, and ontological time asymmetry, fit into our framework. We discuss the possibility of finding new fine tunings and we use the framework to shed new light on the relation between nonlocality and generalized contextuality. Although nonlocality has often been argued to be a form of contextuality, this is only true when nonlocality consists of a violation of parameter independence. We formulate our framework also in the language of category theory using the concept of functors.
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Czabanowska-Wróbel, Anna. "Poetry and Existence: The Kingfishers of Adam Zagajewski and Gerard Manley Hopkins." Konteksty Kultury 20, no. 1 (July 14, 2023): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23531991kk.23.006.17909.
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The article presents an interpretation of Adam Zagajewski’s poem “The Kingfisher” from the 2014 volume Asymmetry in the context of Gerard Manley Hopkins’s [“As kingfishers catch fire, dragonflies draw flame”], whose initial words, cited in English, were used as the motto. The article reviews the motif of the kingfisher in poetry and culture. The possible readings of the poem also relate to the symbolism of colours and fire, through which its ontological and metapoetic senses are revealed.
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Jang, Sunhee. "Relational Aesthetics in the Age of Climate Change: The Third Jeju Biennale(2022) and the Representation of Object-Oriented Ontology." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 3 (March 30, 2023): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.03.45.03.751.
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This research aims to discuss how the third Jeju Biennale entitled “Flowing Moon, Embracing Land” represented “climate change” and the “object-oriented thought.” Examining Timothy Morton’s theory and the strategies of biennale together, this research focuses on the way in which the biennale combined “object-oriented ontology” with “Eastern philosophy” and a “mythic world.” Morton coined the term “hyperobjects,” which are so massively distributed in our time and space like global warming or the Covid-19 pandemic. He defined the present that we observe such hyperobjects as the “age of asymmetry” and discussed today’s artistic features with Hegelian aesthetics. Particularly Morton’s discussion of animism provides us with a fresh perspective to the ontological equality between humans and non-humans, as well as contemporary art. As a result, this research demonstrates how the biennale represented the gradual and diverse approaches to the ontological equality of life and non-life, from animals and plants to things.
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Makarychev, Andrey. "Semiotic games and domestic geopolitics: Estonian Russophones during the war in Ukraine." Journal of Regional Security, no. 00 (2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jrs18-41781.
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Analogical reasoning is a discursive strategy often used by decisionand policymakers, think tankers, academics, and cultural producers to either justify actions or learn lessons from references to events in the past. This comparative essay conceptualizes the drastic distinction between the functioning of analogical reasoning in Russian and Ukrainian discourses during the current war. The author argues that the asymmetry between the two modes of analogical reasoning is glaring when it comes not only to the interpretation of history, but also to the drastically dissimilar emotional modalities, understandings of ontological security and rationality, justice and many other concepts shaping Ukraine's and Russia's international agency.
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Gourinat, Jean-Baptiste. "The Ontology and Syntax of Stoic Causes and Effects." Rhizomata 6, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rhiz-2018-0005.
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Abstract The ontology of Stoic causes and effects was clearly anti-platonic, since the Stoics did not want to admit that any incorporeal entity could have an effect. However, by asserting that any cause was the cause of an incorporeal effect, they returned to Plato’s syntax of causes in the Sophist, whose doctrine of the asymmetry of nouns and verbs identified names with the agents and verbs with the actions. The ontological asymmetry of causes and effects blocked the multiplication of causes by reducing it to an efficient cause. However, while ontology and syntax merged into the doctrine of the effect as an incorporeal predicate, this was further complicated by a relational description of a cause as the effect of a body on a body and by the distinction of causes. Since there are different kinds of causes, not every kind of cause has the same syntactical role in the nexus of causal relations. This refinement of the original syntactical model presumably allowed the Stoics to give a more coherent view of human action than is usually assumed.
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Lacour, Philippe. "Adolf Grünbaum critique de Ricoeur." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 7, no. 1 (August 18, 2016): 120–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2016.341.
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In this article, I try to reconstitute the inchoative debate that took place between Ricœur and Grünbaum concerning the epistemology of Freudian psychoanalysis. The debate was more inchoative than effective because of its asymmetry (Grünbaum read and analyzed Ricœur, but the converse is far from certain). First, I will underline the originality of Ricœur’s theory of motivation (as a mix of reason and cause) and causality (teleological). Then, I will examine the rest of Grünbaum’s objections: the overvaluation of clinical relationship and language, the ontological specificity of psychical reality, the narrative originality of the psychoanalytical explanation and the status of symbol. I finally conclude by underlining the added value of the debate concerning the specificity o
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Honderich, Ted. "Causation: Rejoinder to Sanford." Philosophy 62, no. 239 (January 1987): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100038602.
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The door's being shut caused the room to be wanner. As we can also say, a set of conditions or events which included the door's being shut caused the room to be warmer. The set of conditions or events. whatever is to be said more carefully of their ontological category, and their closer specification, can be called a causal chrwnslance. The question of causal priority, as it is named, is the question of analysing or elucidating the difference or asymmetry between cause and causal circumstance on the one hand, and, on the other hand, their effect. David Sanford does not like my answer1 and sticks to his own more original one2. I should like to say briefly why
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Zamora Corona, Alonso. "Coyote drums and jaguar altars: Ontologies of the living and the artificial among the K’iche’ Maya." Journal of Material Culture 25, no. 3 (March 7, 2020): 324–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183520907937.
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For the current-day K’iche’ Maya of the Highland community of Momostenango, Guatemala, animals are conceived as having not human, but artificial souls: they are, in fact, objects that exist in the mountain dwellings of their gods. Conversely, artefacts like sacred altars are seen as being wild animals of the gods and ancestors, which can bring illness and death to people when not fed by ritual offerings. Based on this and other data that the author gathered during his recent ethnographic fieldwork among the K’iche’, in this article he explores the ontological paradoxes of living beings and artefacts among current-day Maya and other Mesoamerican peoples of the past to propose a version of perspectivism that incorporates the ideas of technology, asymmetry and material culture to the more horizontal and personhood-based model proposed for Amazon cultures by Viveiros de Castro in his article, ‘Cosmological deixis and Amerindian perspectivism’ (1998).
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Remenyi, Matthias. "More than a Person." European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 12, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v12i1.3047.
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The question whether God should be thought of as personal or a-personal is closely linked to the issue of an appropriate model of God-world relation on the one hand and the question how to conceive divine action on the other hand. Starting with a discussion of the scientific character of theology, this article critically examines the univocal-personal concept of God. Traditional Christian conceptions of God have, however, always acknowledged a radical asymmetry between the personal existence of created beings and the ground of being itself. In a second step, the ontological truth claim associated with this way of speaking about God is being related to its methodological consequences. In final step, attention is given to the relation of immanence and transcendence as it is defended in different versions of panentheism: As an alternative to divine interventionism, panentheism can be shown to explicate divine providence as formal and final causation.
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KUMYSHEVA, L. Ch, and Z. A. KUCHUKOVA. "WOMEN-DZHIGITS OR GENDER DIMENSION OF FAUSAT BALKAROVA’S POETRY." Kavkazologiya, no. 1 (2021): 208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2021-1-208-227.
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On the basis of lyric and epic works, the authors of the article investigate the specific features of the gender picture of the world of the classic of Kabardian literature Fousat Balkarova. The structuring of the holistic material into 5 interrelated sections allows the authors to consistently, close-up consider the thematic, personal, linguistic, chronological and conflict-prone aspects of the poetess' ethnogender consciousness. The historically conditioned process of transformation of social constructs «masculine» and «feminine» of the Adyghe patriarchal society under the pressure of factors of civilization and modernization is shown. The analysis made it possible to reveal in the poetry of F. Balkarova and identify the ontological metacode «woman-dzhigit», marking the dominance of masculine traits in the image of a new, self-sufficient woman of the post-war years. The article also examines a complex of issues related to the accelerated pace of life, the «double repertoire» of women, gender asymmetry, the conflict of two generations, artistic ethnography.
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Anton, Audrey L. "Respecting One's Elders: In Search of an Ontological Explanation for the Asymmetry Between the Proper Treatment of Dependent Adults and Children." Philosophical Papers 41, no. 3 (November 2012): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05568641.2012.743215.
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Wong, Pak Nung. "Articulating the Inarticulate from the Margins of the State: A Post-Orientalist Alternative." Philippine Political Science Journal 30, no. 1 (December 16, 2009): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2165025x-03001002.
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The purpose of this essay is to elaborate on the theory and practice of the discursive analytical approach. In response to the epistemological and ontological challenges raised by the PPSJ 2002 forum on Orientalism and Philippine political studies, the discursive analytical approach aims to address power asymmetry in modern knowledge production, between the representing and represented. By examining the theories and practices of representation in positivism, interpretivism, structuralism and postmodernism, this essay argues for a post-Orientalist theory and practice which investigates claims of power/knowledge of state subjects. Drawing from selected fieldwork snapshots in the Cagayan Valley, a discursive analytical approach attempts to articulate the inarticulate as, in Gramsci’s term, intellectuals. It aims to encourage continuous dialogue between the representing and represented. By seeing every individual as an agent of social change, it aims to encourage collaborative engagement, which renders the future of the Philippine state open to change. By continuously engaging with the state subjects serendipitously, the researcher may also serve as a venue for diverse actors to address their concerns of the Philippine state.
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Golovko, N. V. "Natural Historical Attitude: Objectivity Before Truth Book Review: Turner D. Making Prehistory: Historical Science and the Scientific Realism Debate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 20, no. 4 (September 13, 2023): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-127-140.
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Derek Turner believes that a proper interpretation of Arthur Fine’s natural ontological attitude can help to reveal the nature of the difference between «historical» (geology, archeology, forensics) and «empirical» (physics, chemistry) sciences. From his point of view, the apparent asymmetry between these sciences is a consequence of different understanding of the possibilities to «manipulate» the objects of study and the role played by background theories. In our opinion, Turner’s concept is a good example of how profound and inviting the instrumentalistic concept of science could be. First, it is «reflexive» in the sense that it constrained other instrumentalist theories (B. Fraassen’s constructive empiricism deeply flawed). And secondly, it is «constructive» – the emphasis that «the strength of arguments for or against scientific realism can vary depending on the scientific context» quite unexpectedly leads to the fact that «ideographic / nomothetic division is not very helpful», and to the fact that «epistemic disadvantage, but the same epistemic status». Reflections on the book: Turner D. Making Prehistory: Historical Science and the Scientific Realism Debate. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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Clementi, F. K. "Between Jew and Nature: Tracing Jewish Ethics in the Ecological Imagination of Bernard Malamud’s Dubin’s Lives." Studies in American Jewish Literature (1981-) 38, no. 1 (March 2019): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/studamerjewilite.38.1.0047.
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ABSTRACT The idea that Jews are “ecophobes” is a favorite shtick of American comedy. But does it reflect the truth? This article offers an alternative reading of the Jewish cultural production in twentieth-century American literature that goes beyond the stereotypical image of the “unnatural Jew.” Principally focused on Bernard Malamud’s novel Dubin’s Lives, this article frames Malamud’s work within the context of post-war environmental thought, American Jewish literature, and Jewish environment ethics. I hope to provide an alternative vision of modern American Jewish imagination and its relation to the nonhuman environment. I argue that this relation takes shape in Jewish culture due in part to its historical context: a context marked by Diaspora and assimilation. I enlist Emmanuel Lévinas’s ethics of asymmetry and Hans Jonas’s ontological ethics to show how Judaism and Jewish philosophy can be an ally in the creation or expansion of contemporary environmental ethics. Textual or performative Jews, to whom American literature and humor have accustomed us, are finally “two with Nature” (as Woody Allen says) not because they are Jewish but, perhaps, because they are not “Jewish” enough.
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Gorostidi-García, Maider, Arantxa Rodríguez-Berrio, and Iratxe Aristegui-Fradua. "Dissensus as part of dialogue in organizational change processes: a case study in an NGO." IJAR – International Journal of Action Research 19, no. 2 (August 14, 2023): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v19i2.04.
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In this article we discuss, from the experience of action research on organizational change in an NGO, how interpreting the concept of dialogue in organizational theory has impacted the way in which it has been understood and applied in the processes of change that organizations experience. The ontological relationship that has been established between dialogue and organizational change and the interpretative frameworks used, although they have represented a great epistemological and practical breakthrough, have also limited the potential of the concept of dialogue itself by oversimplifying it. The reflective analysis allowed by action research on the case leads us to propose dissensus as an alternative: recognizing dissensus as natural in the organizational context and as an engine of real change. Understanding dialogue only as a search for consensus leads people to hide differences and not properly manage them in the process of change, because talking about organization is talking about relational and communicative patterns that highlight the influence of power, internal asymmetry and diversity in the processes of change. This complexity demands a new look on know how to read it and understand it properly without oversimplifying it.
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Katz, Emily. "Ontological Separation in Aristotle’s Metaphysics." Phronesis 62, no. 1 (December 7, 2017): 26–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685284-12341318.
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Ontological separation plays a key role in Aristotle’s metaphysical project: substances alone are ontologically χωριστόν. The standard view identifies Aristotelian ontological separation with ontological independence, so that ontological separation is a non-symmetric relation. I argue that there is strong textual evidence that Aristotle employs an asymmetric notion of separation in theMetaphysics—one that involves the dependence of other entities on the independent entity. I argue that this notion allows Aristotle to prevent the proliferation of substance-kinds and thus to secure the unity of his metaphysical system.
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Nuñez Erices, Gonzalo. "Boundaries and Things. A Metaphysical Study of the Brentano-Chisholm Theory." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 33, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 15–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2019-330203.
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Abstract The fact that boundaries are ontologically dependent entities is agreed by Franz Brentano and Roderick Chisholm. This article studies both authors as a single metaphysical account about boundaries. The Brentano-Chisholm theory understands that boundaries and the objects to which they belong hold a mutual relationship of ontological dependence: the existence of a boundary depends upon a continuum of higher spatial dimensionality, but also is a conditio sine qua non for the existence of a continuum. Although the view that ordinary material objects and their boundaries (or surfaces) ontologically depend on each other is correct, it does not grasp their asymmetric relationship: while the existence of a surface rigidly depends upon the existence of the very object it belongs to, the existence of a physical object generically depends upon having some surface. In modal terms, both are two kinds of de re ontological dependence that this article tries to distinguish.
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Neupane, Ravindra. "Humans and Animals’ Relationship in Karen Joy Fowler’s We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves." Baneshwor Campus Journal of Academia 2, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bcja.v2i1.55760.
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This article has explored on the relationships between humans and nonhuman creatures which has long been a predominant dichotomous conceptualization. Especially it has analyzed Karen Joy Fowler’s book We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves which focuses on the relationship between humans and animals. The book also makes readers think about the interspecies relationship’s ethics and epistemologies as a part of ecopoetics. The present debate over animal rights and the condemnation of speciesism, which accords human creatures’ epistemic and ontological privilege, are central issues in critical and cultural animal studies.
The dichotomous view of human-animal relationships holds that there is a categorical border between humans - who are perceived as moral subjects with personal rights and whose internal life is psychologically accessible - and animals, some of which can be considered as companions but always have a lower (or no) status in terms of legal and cultural status and whose minds are inaccessible. To investigate human and animal relations, I have formulated three steps throughout the paper. I have started by discussing recent theories that examine the bond between us and monkeys. Then I have discussed how Kellogg's experiment serves as a significant backdrop to Fowler's book.
Finally, I have addressed the novel’s contribution to current critical discussions about human-animal interactions and animal rights, as well as the major plot of the book, which develops when the protagonist learns her own role in the ecopoetics of her chimpanzee sister Fern. The paper has investigated ecopoetics that emphasizes the move from interspecies companionship and togetherness to human superiority and instrumental asymmetry, focusing on the intricate human-animal relationships which recount an environment that causes (non-)human trauma and loss.
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Elena, Seredkina. "Philosophical Foundations of Applied Anthropomorphism In Social Robotics." Technologos, no. 4 (2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2020.4.05.
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This article is devoted to the philosophical foundations of anthropomorphism in the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), a new interdisciplinary field of research. On the basis of modern scientific works, a positive concept of anthropomorphism as a cognitive mechanism ensuring human adaptation to a complex external environment is formulated. The theoretical principles of applied anthropomorphism (AA) are being developed to identify the conditions for activating anthropomorphic projections in a user during an HRI act. There are two key factors in the structure of AA: appearance and autonomous behaviour. Asymmetry principle is formulated: behavioral realism is more important than highly anthropomorphic appearance. The principle of coherence is formulated: the necessity of synchronisation of the appearance and the robot's behaviour, that is, the level of development of behavioral patterns of the robotic system determines the degree of its anthropomorphism. Various forms of anthropomorphism are distinguished. These differences can be described in terms of involvement in cognitive activity. Anthropomorphism as passive ascription and simple projection receives negative assessment in social robotics, while anthropomorphism, which is deduced from autonomous robots behaviour or initiated by them, is assessed positively. The epistemological foundations of the robotic revolution of the late 80s-early 90s of the XX century are analysed; the methodology of "behavior-based robotics" is examined thoroughly. The behavioral approach in robotics is based on the concept of weak artificial intelligence, within which computational operations and functions of a machine represent concatenation of processes and can lead to the illusion of intelligence in a robot, primarily due to projective intelligence from a human-observer side. These questions are analysed in the context of modern philosophical theories, such as second-order cybernetics, autopoiesis. Anthropomorphism as active ascription of cognitive or emotional states to the robot from the observer side in order to rationalise the behaviour of the object is correlated with D. Dennett's intentional stance. At the end of the article, the phenomenon of attribution of human characteristics to non-human entities in Eastern religious cults is studied. The question of the ontological status of gods and robots is raised.
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Jamal, Amal. "Ontological Counter-securitization in Asymmetric Power Relations: Lessons from Israel." International Studies Review 22, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 932–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viz057.
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Abstract This article seeks to enhance the understanding of ontological counter-securitization and the constitution of securitized subjects in the context of asymmetrical power relations. It builds on the available critique of the conceptualization of counter-securitization and the differentiation between physical and ontological securitization in order to facilitate a better understanding of the identity formation of securitized subjects as resistance. It argues that whereas the current literature deals with the differentiation between physical and ontological dimensions of securitization and recently with the meaning of counter-securitization, nonetheless the treatment of the later as a resistance is limited. It remains in the realm of the physical dimensions of securitization, rendering ontological ones unaddressed. The article argues that ontological counter-securitization emerges as an analytical category when the mismatch between the physical and ontological securitization policies is utilized as a structural opportunity for resisting asymmetrical power relations. The article exemplifies its theoretical arguments through exploring the complicated securitization policies of Israel toward its Palestinian citizens and the resistance of the latter to such policies. It argues that despite the fact that the Israeli physical and ontological securitization of its Palestinian citizens have not matched, they have been constructed as complementary and therefore have not been morally justifiable. This lack of moral justifiability has had repercussions on the legitimacy of the securitization policy, leading to the rise of the securitized subject as a securitizing agency that is able to practice counter-securitization. Since the power relations between the state and its Palestinian citizens has been asymmetrical, the latter limited their counter-securitization to the ontological dimension, manifested through politicizing their indigenous identity. The conceptualization of politicizing indigeneity as an ontological counter-securitization strategy of resistance has not been addressed in the available literature on securitization theory. Thus, exploring its analytical merits is a central goal of this article.
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Berdaus, Svetlana V. "Moderate Foundationalism in Husserl's Phenomenology." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 472 (2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/472/2.
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The article deals with the problem of knowledge justification in Husserl's phenomenology. The author of the article shows that, in the matter of justification of knowledge, Husserl's phenomenology does not fully meet the requirements of either foundationalism or coherentism. The fundamentalist way of reasoning assumes the presence of basic beliefs, from which all inference beliefs are derived. One of the most paradigmatic examples of foundationalism is the Cartesian “cogito ergo sum”, and it is this kind of justification that is present in phenomenology. However, the Cartesian method of justification is accepted by Husserl in a truncated form: the ego is the source of apodictic evidence, but it cannot guarantee the adequacy of subsequent conclusions. In this regard, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that Husserl is a moderate foundationalist in the matter of knowledge justification. In search of an explanatory principle for such a position, a hypothesis is expressed about the asymmetry between epistemological and ontological approaches to the interpretation of the ego's experience in Husserl's phenomenology. A non-epistemic understanding of the ego's experience presupposes the recognition of the obviousness of the existence of the ego as a thinking instance, while an epistemic understanding concerns all peripheral superstructures of the ego, which, in fact, are inferential knowledge from the basic belief given by the formulation cogito ergo sum. The presence of these restrictions forced Dagfinn Follesdahl to qualify Husserl's phenomenology as a kind of coherentism. The author of the article objects to this, believing that phenomenology cannot be considered either as a form of coherentism or as a form of (strong) foundationalism. Based on William Alston's thesis on the combination of epistemic and non-epistemic beliefs in a rethought type of foundationalism and on the works of LLaurence BonJour, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that Husserl's phenomenology should be understood as moderate foundationalism. The specificity of phenomenology -its appeal to the experience of the transcendental ego - leads to the fact that the pre-predicative structures of consciousness become the criterion of validity as such. Thus, moderate foundationalism in phenomenology boils down to the fact that Husserl recognized the undoubted evidence of the non-epistemic experience of the ego experience and, on the other hand, saw the possibility of correcting epistemic beliefs that do not affect the fundamental nature of the non-derivative basis.
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Nazarov, S. P. "THE SPECIFICITY OF CONFLICT ASYMMETRIES IN VIRTUAL SPACE." Review of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian research, no. 37 (2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2022-37-38-42.
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The article examines the meaning of virtual space and its ontological role in the interpretative representations of asymmetric armed conflict. The analysis of key asymmetries is carried out in conditions when one of the fundamental layers of being is the virtual space and the interpretations of reality presented by it.
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Donev, Georgi. "Metaphysical Thinking as Transcendence." Filosofiya-Philosophy 31, no. 4 (December 2022): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/phil2022-04-01.
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The article aims to substantiate the genesis of consciousness and self-consciousness through metaphysical thinking. Metaphysical thinking is explicated as a transcendence that a priori determines every possible object of consciousness. In this sense, metaphysical thinking determines a priori the unity of existence. Existence is explicated as a unity of the interpretive models of consciousness. Thus, metaphysical thinking is seen as a function of the transcendent unity that is the a priori truth of the consciousness’ genesis. The logical relation between metaphysical thinking and consciousness is expressed by asymmetric implication. In this way, existence in the language of consciousness is phenomenologized. Thus arises the ontological understanding of existence. In this sense, metaphysical thinking determines the transcendental form of consciousness and the ontological form of existence.
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Antonovskiy, Alexander Yu, and Raisa Ed Barash. "How social ontology is possible from the point of view of epistemology and philosophy of language?" RUDN Journal of Philosophy 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2022-26-3-607-622.
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The article critically examines the project of Brian Epstein's social ontology. The authors propose to interpret a social fact as derived from the appropriate perspective of an observer carrying out a structural reconstruction of a social phenomenon and identify difficulties in the way of analyzing social facts as structurally independent of causally determining factors. The article shows that the determination and foundation of social facts cannot be understood as asymmetric, substantiates the symmetrical nature of the relationship between the determinable complex fact and the ontological foundations that determine them, and suggests that the judgments describing them are equivalent, and also proves the need to involve philosophical and scientific methodology, the resources of the philosophy of language and epistemology to address the issue of the validity of projects “ontological fixation”, which the authors of the article propose to consider as a scientific classification. Understanding the ontology of the social is possible only when going beyond its limits, and any classifications can be idiosyncrasies of individual classifiers or observers, scientifically unequal and requiring epistemological evaluation. The authors note that epistemology allows us to judge the necessity or, on the contrary, artificiality of classification, and the question of the ontological basis of a social fact should be solved by analogy. Accordingly, the search for such ontological foundations is not possible without prior resolution of the epistemological problem: which classifications (fixations) of “natural” or “social species” are structurally necessary (in the sense that their macro-properties properties stem from the internal structure), and which are arbitrarily constructed by the observer, based on his idiosyncrasy or local-historical, cultural or ideological position.
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Taddei, Renzo, and Ana Laura Gamboggi. "Education, anthropology, ontologies." Educação e Pesquisa 42, no. 1 (July 21, 2015): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-9702201506134264.
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The goal of this paper is to analyze the relation between anthropology and education, and the relation of both with the experience of life, in a context of debates in which epistemological concerns have gradually been substituted by a reflection on the ontological dimension of existence. Starting with a discussion on the asymmetric historical relation between anthropology and education, in what concerns the analysis of sociocultural dimensions of learning, we propose the inversion of terms of the expression anthropology of education, and then discuss the paradoxes that characterize the relation between the professional education of the anthropologist, identified as an epistemological exercise, and the ontological dimension of the ethnographic experience. From this discussion, the question of the body of the ethnographer emerges as something absent in mainstream ethnographic production, which is identified as an index of the presence of one of the structuring dichotomies of Western epistemology: the separation of mind and body. The works of authors associated to the so-called ontological turn in social sciences are brought to the discussion, and from the analysis of some of their main contributions, new points of contact between education and anthropology, on more symmetric grounds, emerge. From these, it is of special interest the one that focuses on happiness and the plenitude of becomings, which, albeit an unprecedented theme in anthropology, has been part of the pedagogical debates of the last four decades.
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Wahyudi, Yashinta Nur, Wijayadi -, and Armeria Wijaya. "The Use of Metaphors in Malcolm X Speech Entitled the Black Revolution." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 10, no. 1 (June 10, 2022): 509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v10i1.2730.
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AbstractThis study analyzes the metaphor in Malcolm X's speech entitled The Black Revolution. The method used is qualitative descriptive method using the theory of Lakoff and Johnson (2003) and strengthened by the theory of Saeed (2005) in describing the characteristics contained in the metaphor. This analysis aims to identify the metaphors contained in Malcolm X's speech. The Black Revolution explains how oppression and injustice have been accepted by the black community in America over the years. The results of the research are Structural, Orientation, and Ontological metaphors. The most dominant metaphor used in speech is structural metaphor. Then there are the characteristics of Conventional, Systematic, Asymmetric, and Abstraction. The most dominant characteristic in speech is the systematic one.
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Temirshina, Olesya R. "“Indirect Speech of the Non-material”: Hieroglyph and Symbol in the Philosophical and Aesthetic Works of J. Druskin." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 70 (2023): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2023-70-173-188.
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The paper discusses the reconstruction of Druskin's ideas about hieroglyph as a sign of special ontological category with a projection on the philosophical and religious category of the symbol developed in the philosophy of A. F. Losev and P. Florensky. A comparison of a symbol and a hieroglyph showed the dependence of the organization of their semantics on ontology. Thus, the work proves that both the symbol and the hieroglyph, being derivatives of Christological concepts, are similar in structural and functional aspects. At the structural level, symbol and hieroglyph, removing the opposition between spiritual and the material, establish relations of asymmetric identity; at the functional level, symbol and hieroglyph allow to directly embody the logic of another being in one or another material substratum. The paper argues that the concept of Druskin's hieroglyph should be considered in terms of the concept of unilateral synthetic identity, which goes back to the Christian idea of the impossible alloy and inseparability. In this context, Druskin's hieroglyph models the Logos, associated not with the ontology of the incarnation of the spirit in matter, but with the actualization of spiritual meanings in the material of a work of art. Thus, the study showed that the hieroglyph, on the one hand, is part of Druskin's semiotic-ontological universe, and on the other hand, turns out to be a phenomenon structurally and functionally related to the symbol in its philosophical and religious interpretation.
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Champagne, Marc. "A less simplistic metaphysics: Peirce’s layered theory of meaning as a layered theory of being." Sign Systems Studies 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 523–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2015.43.4.10.
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This article builds on C. S. Peirce’s suggestive blueprint for an inclusive outlook that grants reality to his three categories. Moving away from the usual focus on (contentious) cosmological forces, I use a modal principle to partition various ontological layers: regular sign-action (like coded language) subsumes actual signaction (like here-and-now events) which in turn subsumes possible sign-action (like qualities related to whatever would be similar to them). Once we realize that the triadic sign’s components are each answerable to this asymmetric subsumption, we obtain the means to track at which level of complexity semiosis finds itself, in a given case. Since the bulk of such a “trinitarian” metaphysics would be devoted to countenancing uninterpreted phenomena, I argue that current misgivings about sign-based ontologies are largely misplaced.Includes: Comment. Semiotics is not metaphysics by Jean-Marie Chevalier (pp. 553–559).
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Doronina, Svetlana. "Studying the phenomenon of childhood philosophically: problems and prospects." Socium i vlast 1 (2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2021-1-127-137.
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Introduction. The author analyzes the problems and prospects of studying the phenomenon of childhood, justifies the specific features and advantages of philosophical approaches, makes an attempt to explicate the optimal methods and strategies of scientific inquiry, correlating with epistemological, ontological, axiological goals and assumptions of the modern paradigm, within which this phenomenon is problematized and reflexively comprehended. The purpose of the work is to identify the specific features of studying the phenomenon of childhood in the context of the philosophical approach. Methods. The author makes use of general scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, serving as philosophical tools. Theoretical reconstruction and comparative analysis, as well as the hermeneutic method of reading texts were used to reveal the peculiarities of studying the phenomenon of childhood, its problems and prospects. Scientific novelty of the study. The study highlights the specific features of studying the phenomenon of childhood; the advantages of philosophical methods and approaches focused on understanding and describing the object under study, creating an integrative idea about it; the author determines development prospects associated with eliminating asymmetric methods of interaction in scientific discourse, and forming interdisciplinary ties. Results. During the research, the author identifies the current problems of studying the phenomenon of childhood philosophically, as well as the prospects for their solution related to the need to form an integrative idea of childhood in the context of interdisciplinary synthesis, using philosophical methods and approaches which make it possible to integrate children’s experience into research discourse, without going beyond the framework of scientific strategies. Conclusions. The philosophical study of the phenomenon of childhood covers a wide range of problems, the solution of which involves searching for answers related, first, to the epistemological and methodological aspects of learning childhood experience; secondly, with ontological, existential and axiological contexts of research. Strategies of philosophical research are aimed at systemic learning the phenomenon of childhood, at tracing the relations between methods, epistemological, ontological, axiological and other assumptions on which cognition is based, and the formation of conceptual ideas about childhood, participating in the constitution of the “adult – child” relations, educational practices in society and culture.
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Lugea, Jane. "Embedded dialogue and dreams: the worlds and accessibility relations of Inception." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 22, no. 2 (May 2013): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947013489618.
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In this article, Text World Theory (Gavins, 2007; Werth, 1999) and Ryan’s model of fictional worlds (1991a, 1991b) are both applied to Nolan’s blockbuster film, Inception (2010) to explore the multi-layered architecture of the narrative. The opening two scenes of Nolan’s screenplay are analysed using Text World Theory, with particular attention to the embedded nature of character dialogue, or, more generally, ‘represented discourse’ (Herman, 1993), otherwise known as Direct Speech (Leech and Short, 2007). Based on this analysis, I suggest a modification to the way in which Text World Theory deals with represented discourse, which improves the framework’s applicability to all text types. Moving from the micro-analysis of the screenplay text, to a macro-analysis of the film narrative as a whole, I outline the various different worlds that make up the reality, dream and ‘limbo’ layers in the film, explaining how most of the action takes place at a remove from the world at the centre of the textual system. I use Deictic Shift Theory’s terms PUSH and POP (Galbraith, 1995) to describe the movements between the ontological layers of the narrative and suggest that these terms are better suited to describe hierarchies of ontology rather than horizontal deictic shifts. Ryan’s taxonomy of accessibility relations is used to describe the ways in which the film differs from reality, as well as the ways in which the dreams differ from the internal reality of the film. The complex ontological structure and asymmetric accessibility relations between the worlds are ascribed as the reason for many viewers’ difficulty in processing the film’s narrative. With its attention to discourse-world factors, Text World Theory is then used to account for the myriad of reactions to Inception – as expressed on online discussion forums – which range from engagement and enjoyment to frustration and resistance.
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Hornborg, Alf. "The World-System and the Earth System." Journal of World-Systems Research 26, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 184–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2020.989.
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Efforts to conceptualize the role of asymmetric resource transfers in the capitalist world-system have been constrained by the emphasis on surplus value and the labor theory of value in Marxist thought. A coherent theory of ecologically unequal exchange must focus on asymmetric flows of biophysical resources such as embodied labor, land, energy, and materials. To conceptualize these flows in terms of “underpaid costs” or “surplus value” is to suggest that the metabolism of the world-system can be accounted for using a monetary metric. This paper rejects both labor and energy theories of value in favor of the observation that market pricing tends to lead to asymmetric resource flows. The Marxist labor theory of value is an economic argument, rather than a physical one. In acknowledging this we may transcend the recent debate within ecological Marxism about whether “nature” and “society” are valid categories. Nature and society are ontologically entwined, as in the undertheorized phenomenon of modern technology, but should be kept analytically distinct. Since the Industrial Revolution, technological progress has been contingent on the societal ratios by which biophysical resources are exchanged on the world market. The failure among Marxist and world-system theorists to properly account for this central aspect of capitalist accumulation can be traced to the pervasive assumption that market commodities have objective values that may exceed their price. Instead of arguing with mainstream economists about whether market assessments of value are justified, it is more analytically robust to observe that market valuation is destroying the biosphere.
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Korac, Srdjan. "War in the 21st century as a tool of the imperial control of planetary “periphery”." Medjunarodni problemi 70, no. 4 (2018): 412–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1804412k.
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The paper analyses how the (mis)use of the concept of international society in the context of the US and other Western countries` foreign policies legitimises an alleged defensive role of the interventionist imperial policy towards rogue, weak and failed states, as well as towards various non-state actors who contest the universality of liberal order. The starting assumption is that the asymmetric character of armed conflicts in the late 20th and early 21st century - combined with notions of international society, democratic peace, and world division into the ?civilised? (liberal) centre and ?uncivilised? periphery - has conditioned the planning and waging wars as disciplinary tools of the Western imperial control policy which is asserted over planetary periphery. The analysis focuses on several indicators which reveal how the methodology of the policing, the criminal justice system and the penalty system is embedded into the ontology of military interventions pursued by the United States, alone or within ad hoc coalitions with other Western and/or regional powers. The author concludes that war as a social practice lost in the early 21st century its traditional ontological features by assuming the structural characteristics of crime control policy, which caused the disruption of the ethical framework in the discursive and practical treatment of hostile states and their soldiers and non-state actors.
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KATZIR, SHAUL. "The emergence of the principle of symmetry in physics." Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 35, no. 1 (September 1, 2004): 35–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsps.2004.35.1.35.
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ABSTRACT: In 1894 Pierre Curie formulated rules for relations between physical phenomena and their symmetry. The symmetry concept originated in the geometrical study of crystals, which it served as a well-defined concept from the 1830s. Its extension as a rule for all physics was a gradual and slow process in which applications, though often partial, preceded the formulation and clear conceptualization of the rules. Two traditions that involved ““interdisciplinary”” study were prominent in applying consideration of symmetry to physics. One is a French tradition of physical crystallography that linked crystalline structure and form to their physical, chemical and even biological qualities, which drew back to Haüüy, and included Delafosse, Pasteur, Senarmont, and Curie. This tradition (until Curie) employed qualitative argument in deducing physical properties. A mathematical approach characterizes the second tradition of Franz Neumann and his students. During the 1880s two members of this tradition, Minnigerode and Voigt, formulated rules of symmetry and implicitly recognized their significance. Yet, until 1894 both traditions studied only crystalline or other asymmetric matter. Then, Curie, who drew on the two traditions, extended the rules of symmetry to any physical system including fields and forces. Although originated in a specific idealistic ontological context, symmetry served also adherents of molecular materialism and was eventually found most effective for a phenomenological approach, which avoided any commitment to a specific view of nature or causal processes. Therefore, the rule of symmetry resembles the principles of thermodynamics. Its emergence suggests parallels to the history of energy conservation.
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Shildrick, Margrit. "Neoliberalism and Embodied Precarity." South Atlantic Quarterly 118, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 595–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-7616175.
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The term neoliberalism has appeared in the policies of the Global North for several decades, with the concept of precarity in employment practices coming from the same period. In the last few years, however, precarity has been embodied and personalized, coming to signify not only an epistemological category but something more akin to an ontological state that raises complex questions of identity. My contribution uses it in that latter sense and will take the links between precarity, debility, and more specifically disability as central concerns. In feminist thought in particular, precarity mobilizes both a critical perspective on neoliberalism and a transformative prospective. It allows us to both acknowledge and go beyond a concern with inequities of power, which so strongly signal an expectation of negativity and lack of social justice, to ask how the notion of precarious bodies might already signal a potential for communality and promote the strength of relationality. Rather than following the familiar path of putting the globalization of inequality center stage and calling for new social and political rights for disabled people that take account of their asymmetric specificities, I want to disturb some of the issues—and not least the unproblematized resort to identity categories—through thinking the phenomenological implications of global intercorporeality. As one highly significant aspect of contemporary globalization, neoliberalism pursues a policy of putative self-dependency and rational self-management that seem at odds with the widely recognized capacity of globalization to undermine the certainties of spatial and temporal orientations. While the latter clearly has its own risks, it would be a mistake, I think, to equate the two movements as though both were equally damaging. Instead we should ask how new configurations of time and space are operationalized, and new flows of energy enhanced. What can be gained from the apparent precarity of disorientation, and the entry into what Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari call zones of proximity? For feminist and disability scholars, the task is surely to think new horizons by considering how we might multiply possibilities of revitalization.
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Афанасьев, А. И., and В. Н. Князев. "DEVELOPMENT OF A WIRELESS CONTROL SYSTEM ON THE BASIS OF «THE INTERNET OF THINGS» CONCEPT." МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ, ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ 8, no. 1(28) (February 2, 2020): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.26102/2310-6018/2020.28.1.002.
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В статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы и проблемы разработки беспроводных систем управления на основе концепции Интернет вещей ( Internet of Things IoT). В качестве важных проблем выделены недостаточная гибкость и оперативность выбора каналов связи для передачи данных, недостаточная защищенность каналов связи и предложены способы решения данных проблем. Научная новизна заключается в разработке адаптивного алгоритма выбора канала для передачи данных, отличающегося от известных алгоритмов более высокой гибкостью и надежностью. Гибкость (адаптивность) алгоритма заключается в автоматическом выявлении доступных каналов, а надежность в обеспечении гарантированной передачи команд управления. Также предложен модифицированный алгоритм шифрования, основанный на комбинированном использовании симметричного алгоритма шифрования ГОСТ 34.12-2015 и ассиметричного алгоритма шифрования на эллиптических кривых, позволяющий повысить уровень надежности защищенного взаимодействия между компонентами системы управления при обеспечении достаточной скорости передачи сообщений. Проведено проектирование беспроводной системы управления с применением, в том числе, онтологического и визуального моделирования. Полученные в ходе проведенного исследования результаты использованы в качестве основы при создании аппаратного и программного обеспечения автоматизированной системы управления IoT-устройствами для частного жилого дома. In the article it is discussed current issues and problems of developing wireless control systems based on the concept of Internet of Things . As important problems here there are an insufficient flexibility and efficiency of the choice of communication channels for data transmission, the insufficient protection of communication channels and the ways to solve these problems were proposed. The scientific novelty is in the development of an adaptive algorithm for selecting a channel for data transmission, which is different from the well-known algorithms by higher flexibility and reliability. The flexibility (adaptability) of the algorithm is the automatic identification of available channels, and the reliability is providing of guaranteed transfer of the control commands. Also there were proposed a modified encryption algorithm based on the combined using of a symmetric encryption algorithm GOST 34.12-2015 and an asymmetric encryption algorithm on elliptic curves, allowing to increase the level of reliability of the protected interaction between the components of the control system while ensuring a sufficient speed of message transmission. There was designed a wireless control system with using an ontological and visual modelling among other things. The results, which were received in the course of the study were used as the basis for creating hardware and software of an automated control system for IoT devices for a private house.
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Astrakhantsev, Andrii, and Stanislav Pedan. "Improving user security during a call." Radioelectronic and Computer Systems 2024, no. 2 (April 23, 2024): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2024.2.14.
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The recent development of mobile networks has led to the emergence of new threats and methods of implementing existing ones. Phishing attacks, including robocalls, are causing record losses to both individual users and large corporations. At the same time, existing countermeasures cannot provide protection against such attacks because most existing solutions focus on device authentication, whereas user authentication does not occur during a call. Another problem with mobile networks is that there is no point-to-point encryption, i.e., the speech is encrypted only on the segment from the subscriber to the base station. The subject of study in this article is the process of ensuring user security during a call. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of mutual user authentication and end-to-end data encryption in a mobile network during a call. The main objectives are the protection of users from spoofing and vishing and the proposal of a protection method by implementing mutual authentication of users during a call without storing confidential information on the side of a "trusted third party". Method of secure key exchange and end-to-end encryption during a call in the mobile network was proposed. It prevents the interception of calls by the operator for circuit-switched and packet networks. The methods used are mathematical modelling, ontological approach, and multi-criteria optimization models. Because of this research, an algorithm for mutual authentication of users is proposed by introducing biometric authentication methods and modifying the sequence of messages during a call. The proposed approach can be implemented for CS-call and VoLTE/VoWiFi calls. A call cannot be received without user biometric authentication; such as ear pattern or bone conduction methods. Modified SETUP and CONNECT ACK messages are used to inform the other party about the user verification result. This prevents user spoofing, call masquerading, and robocalls. A combination of the proposed asymmetric encryption, a short authentication string, and hashes of previous calls provides a higher level of confidentiality, integrity, and additional resistance to man-in-the-middle attacks. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the integration of the above methods into the sequence of call flow messages for providing mutual authentication, end-to-end encryption, and counteraction to the number of network attacks. The proposed methods allow one level to increase the provision of services of privacy and observation groups and can be implemented in the software part of user equipment.
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Schmid, Joseph C. "Symmetry’s revenge." Analysis, August 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/anad021.
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Abstract James Henry Collin recently developed a new symmetry breaker favouring the ontological argument’s possibility premiss over that of the reverse ontological argument. The symmetry breaker amounts to an undercutting defeater for the reverse possibility premiss based on Kripkean cases of a posteriori necessity. I argue, however, that symmetry re-arises in two forms. First, I challenge the purported asymmetry in epistemic entitlements to the original and reverse possibility premisses. Second, relevantly similar Kripkean cases equally undercut the original possibility premiss.
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Bodén, Linnea, and Tanja Joelsson. "Advancing feminist relationality in childhood studies." Childhood, August 31, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09075682231199363.
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Relationality has become central to Childhood Studies and even described as its ontological ground. Feminist theories offer articulate theorizing on relationalities, yet feminist ideas of relationality have not had a significant impact on Childhood Studies. Through focusing on feminist notions of corporeal specificity, sexual-temporal difference and asymmetry, and transcorporeality, this paper argues that feminist theorizations open up a space to engage with childhood and children’s lives as not only relational or entangled, but as inevitably imbricated in relations of power.
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Farrokh, David, Joseph A. Stone, Keith Davids, Ben W. Strafford, and James L. Rumbold. "Why isn’t flow flowing? Metatheoretical issues in explanations of flow." Theory & Psychology, March 20, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09593543241237492.
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A flow state describes intrinsically rewarding experiences of complete absorption in a task. While descriptive accounts of flow have gained prominence in “popular” psychology, scientific research has reached a crisis point due to perceived limitations of current theoretical explanations for the experience. Here, we evaluate key metatheoretical frameworks underpinning previous explanations of flow and situate the need for reconsidering the ontological status of flow experiences and the causal entailments that might be needed to explain them. We consider the possibility that the subject–object dualism implied, and the organismic asymmetry apparent in prevalent metatheoretical frameworks, may create intractable problems for explanations of flow. Finally, the suitability of the ecological metatheory and eco-physical variables for explaining flow experiences is discussed.
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Dreyer, Yolanda. "Karl Barth’s male-female order: A kingpin of dogmatic disparity." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 63, no. 4 (May 7, 2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v63i4.266.
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Karl Barth’s gender perspective is often analysed with reference to his so-called “theoethics” or “creational theology”. This perspective perpetuates an asymmetry in gender relations that was prevalent in Biblical times, throughout Christianity and to some extent still is visible today. He based his view on the subordination of women on an exegesis of Genesis 1:27 as “intertext” of Ephesians 5:22-23. Barth’s asymmetrical gender perspective is a product of his embedment in Western Christian tradition which in turn, is rooted in early Christian patriarchal theology. The aim of this article is to focus on Barth’s ontological reframing of the traditional understanding of the Biblical notion of human beings as created in the “image of God”. The article consists of four sections: (a) Luther’s and Calvin’s gender perspectives; (b) the Enlightenment failure to achieve emancipation; (c) gender disparity in Reformed theology; and (d) a feminist alternative.
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Zamorano Farías, Raúl. "DESPARADOJIZACIÓN DE LA FORMA PARADOJA." World Complexity Science Academy Journal 2, no. 3 (December 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.46473/wcsaj27240606/20-12-2021-0013//full/html.
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disciplinary fields, surpassing classical thought, it carries with it the status of ambiguity, uncertainty and even incomprehensibility that traditional thought gave it, which has been in charge of suppressing the paradoxes to only exploit the distinction between being and not being, since analyzing other questions would force self-implication of what is considered as an undue epistemological action from the ontological tradition. Precisely, this work analyzes and problematizes the treatment that scientific reflection has given to the problem of paradoxes, in order to examine the conditions of their possibility, which depend on a particular configuration of distinctions with which social systems operate in modern and modern society, where the prevalence of uncertainty, contingency and asymmetry is recognized. Empirically, it is assumed that the operation of the paradox, that is, the difference, refers to the operation of a system or, in other words, to the observation of the observations of the observer who observes and, consequently, that scientific knowledge it has no contact with reality, but is a product of a knowing system that self-referentially and contingently constitutes the real from the distinctions. Therefore, the forms of the paradox can only be treated when they are observed by the observers, this is from a perspective that today is called second-order cybernetics, de-paradoxising the paradox as a distinction that produces distinctions and knowledge.
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Bartelmus, Martin. "Kleists Teichoskopie auf die Moderne. Über Kollektive, Meuten, Subjekte und das Tier-Werden im Trauerspiel Penthesilea." Journal of Literary Theory 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2015-0009.
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AbstractIn Kleist’s so called »Trauerspiel«Assuming this perspective on the text it is now possible to negotiate subjectivity and individuality as ideological constructions. This allows for approaching its deconstruction as well as other modes of being such as group-formation, hybrid and the pack. By associating Penthesilea to her dogs Kleist’s text aims at the fragile status of human beings in the Modernity. Penthesilea is thus turned into an animal. As a murderous pack the female protagonist stands amongst being aTo understand Kleist’s »ethnological view« on the constitutive self-descriptions of Modernity, it is expedient to read Penthesilea as an ontological experiment. With the help of the concept of theTo meet the significance of Penthesilea’s tragedy it is indeed necessary not to stop at the point of understanding the Becoming-Animal as a subversive and critical act. With Bruno Latour’s ethnological view on Modernity it is possible to re-construct Kleist’s strategy of talking about Becoming-Animal as shift to reconsider the way of assembling human and non-human actors. The pack will be understood as a specific group-formation and the Becoming-Animal as a mode of existence. In his latest workModernity, Latour argues, has always constituted Nature as an objective external place, whereas Society has always been constituted as the place of subjects. Around 1800 the practices of separation and purification of hybrids and group-formations are expressed through a dispositive of humanism that emerges amidst the tension of the discourses of romanticism, classicism, medicine, psychology, anthropology, and philosophy of the subject. The aim of the present article is to show that the entanglement of those mentioned theories by Latour and Deleuze/Guattari is important for the understanding of Kleist’s critical view on the fragile constructedness of the subject as a human being.Therefore the play makes use of a narrative strategy which is highly apt to show those compounds: the »teichoscopy«. With this seemingly detached way of observation Kleist is able to report not only on the practices of separation and purification, but also on the hybrids and group-formations.The article adopts this strategy to observe both sites of Kleist’s understanding of the Modernity. Hence, section 2 of the analysis starts with a first teichoscopy on hybrids and group-formations in the (self-)descriptions of Amazons and Greeks.On the basis of the state of war the protagonists in the play are always associated with animals, things and other humans. With the focus on Achilles and Penthesilea it is significant how language is involved in constructing, out of these hybrids, the dichotomy between subject and object and therefore unambiguous ontological statuses. However, with the term of Becoming-Animal that dichotomy is suddenly uncertain. On this account the aim is to understand animals and things not asThat leads to the second teichoscopy in section 3. The focus shifts now to Penthesilea’s process of Becoming-Animal. This allows to show the power of Modernity as well as their concepts of »human« and »animal«. Therefore Penthesilea’s association with her dogs and the slaughter of her lover Achilles – as a dog, like a dog and with her dogs – is not displayed in the play, but it is reported by the Amazons. This uncertain form of report points to the crux of Kleist’s tragedy: Penthesilea and her dogs undermine the established regulatory power and the dispositive of humanism around 1800. Still, Kleist does not persist in an elaborated ideal. For that he demonstrates the counter-mechanisms of Modernity on Penthesilea: this includes turning Penthesilea literally into an animal, or in other words, transforming the Becoming-Animal into a solid state of being by means of performative speech.Under those circumstances the perspective changes in section 4: the play abandons the strategy of teichoscopy in favour of the monologue to execute on Penthesilea a radical re-subjectivation. The asymmetry of Modernity results in a desperate suicide: the pack yields the subject, instead of the group-formation a single human being comes to existence. Penthesilea has to remove all other non-human actors like her bow and her dogs from herself to understand herself as a human being in the way of Modernity.Consequently Becoming-Animal – as implied – is a mode of existence outside of established institutions. This mode breaks with the old institutions of Modernity established by the