Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ontogeny

Academic literature on the topic 'Ontogeny'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ontogeny"

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Gabryel, Nasser Suleiman. "Ontogeny." Anuac 3, no. 1 (June 28, 2015): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7340/anuac2239-625x-152.

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The ontogeny of the anthropology consists in returning to the history of the discipline, of its formation. It involves studying its institutional and intellectual development.The philosophical anthropology is an essential matrix of the current anthropology; its study allows us to understand the historic shape of intellectualization of the concepts and the work of definition which notably begins in the XVI century with Montaigne and in the XVIII century with Kant. As a consequence, the philosophy was the armature of the ontogeny of the anthropology and allowed to propose a universal frame of analysis on the world and men.
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Brown, Caleb, Robert Holmes, and Phillip Currie. "A subadult individual of Styracosaurus albertensis (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) with comments on ontogeny and intraspecific variation in Styracosaurus and Centrosaurus." Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology 8 (May 11, 2020): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18435/vamp29361.

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Styracosaurus albertensis is an iconic centrosaurine horned dinosaur from the Campanian of Alberta, Canada, known for its large spike-like parietal processes. Although described over 100 years ago, subsequent discoveries were rare the last few decades, during which time several new skulls, skeletons, and bonebeds were found. Here we described an immature individual, the smallest known for the species, represented by a complete skull and fragmentary skeleton. Although ~80% maximum size, it possesses a suite of characters associated with immaturity, and is regarded as a subadult. The ornamentation is characterized by a small, recurved, but fused nasal horncore; low, rounded postorbital horncores; and short, triangular, and flat parietal processes. Using this specimen, and additional skulls and bonebed material, the cranial ontogeny of Styracosaurus is described, and compared to Centrosaurus. Styracosaurus shows a similar early ontogeny of the nasal horncore, starting thin, recurved, and unfused, but retains the recurved morphology into large adult size, and never develops the procurved morphology common in Centrosaurus. The postorbital horncores of Styracosaurus are lower and more rounded than those of Centrosaurus throughout ontogeny, and show greater resorption later in ontogeney. The length and thickness of the parietal processes increase drastically through ontogeny, but their position and orientation are static across the size series. Several diagnostic Styracosaurus albertensis specimens now preserve medially orientated P3 spikes, causing issues for the diagnosis of S. ovatus. Variability in parietal ornamentation, either expression of P1 and P2 parietal processes, or other cranial ornamentations, does not appear to correlate with stratigraphy.
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Nadel, B., S. Tehranchi, and A. J. Feeney. "Coding end processing is similar throughout ontogeny." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 12 (June 15, 1995): 6430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.12.6430.

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Abstract During the recombination process, extensive processing of the coding ends provides tremendous potential diversity to the joint of any two gene segments. However, the diversity of the newborn B and T cell repertoires is greatly reduced compared with that of the adult. At the mechanistic level, this difference is primarily due to the absence of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase expression until the first week after birth. Additionally, one direct consequence of the lack of N regions early in ontogeny is the more frequent occurrence of homology-directed recombination, reducing even further the potential of diversity. Other enzymatic factors could also contribute to this ontogenic difference. However, the use of the homology-directed recombination pathway early in life obscures the analysis of the coding end processing. In this study we compared the coding end processing throughout ontogeny, in normal and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase -/- mice in the presence of minimal homology-directed recombination. The analysis of partial D-J joints allowed us to avoid potential bias by early selection events. Our results show that the extent of nucleotide deletion of a given end is consistent throughout ontogeny in the presence or absence of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. However, a distinctive processing pattern is observed for each coding end.
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Bunn, H. Franklin. "Reversing Ontogeny." New England Journal of Medicine 328, no. 2 (January 14, 1993): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199301143280210.

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Potter, V. "Blocked ontogeny." Science 237, no. 4818 (August 28, 1987): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3616628.

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Ng, K. W. "Osteoblast ontogeny." Bone 27, no. 4 (October 2000): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(00)80023-x.

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BLACKMORE, STEPHEN. "CELLULAR ONTOGENY." Cladistics 2, no. 3 (June 1986): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1986.tb00458.x.

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Bennett, S. Christopher. "Ontogeny andArchaeopteryx." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28, no. 2 (June 12, 2008): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[535:oaa]2.0.co;2.

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Buckley, William R. "Computational Ontogeny." Biological Theory 3, no. 1 (March 2008): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/biot.2008.3.1.3.

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Bovet, Pierre. "Functional ontogeny." Behavioural Processes 14, no. 2 (April 1987): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6357(87)90048-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ontogeny"

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Mossadegh, Rashti Noushin. "Ontogeny of testicular macrophages, the guardians of fertility." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0141/document.

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Les macrophages sont des cellules de l’immunité innée et sont localisés dans la majorité des organes du corps, présentant des fonctions spécifiques dépendant de leur lieu de résidence.Les macrophages d’origine embryonnaire sont la source majeure des macrophages tissulaires et sont capables de se maintenir à long terme dans la plupart des organes adultes.Cependant, il reste certains organes comme le testicule, où l’origine des macrophages n’est pas clairement déterminée. Le testicule est considéré comme un organe immuno-privilégié et a cette nécessité de protéger de tous contacts les spermatozoïdes des cellules immunitaires, qui pourraient induire une auto-immunité.Les macrophages testiculaires (tMφ) contribuent à maintenir ce statut d’organe immuno-privilégié en produisant des cytokines immunosuppressives. Pour ces raisons, les tMφ peuvent être considérés comme des “ gardiens de la fertilité”. Dans les testicules adultes, deux différentes populations de macrophages, nommées interstitielles et péritubulaires, ont été identifiées en se basant sur leurs morphologies et localisations distinctes, mais leur origine et leur mode de développement et de maintenance restent encore inconnus. En combinant des méthodes de traçage cellulaire et la mise au point d’un modèle de transfert adoptif dans des souriceaux, j’ai démontré que les macrophages d’origine embryonnaire contribuaient exclusivement à la population de tMφ interstitielle dès la naissance et que les tMφ péritubulaires proviennent exclusivement de la moelle osseuse. Après avoir caractérisé les tMφ, mes prochaines investigations se porteront sur l’étude des fonctions de chacune de ces deux populations
Macrophages are innate immune cells residing in most of the organs of the body and ensure proper organ function. Traditionally, it has been known that macrophages can be derived from HSC progenitors in the bone-marrow (BM), but technology using fate-mapping tools has revealed that macrophages can already be generated from embryonic progenitors. Embryo-derived macrophages are a major source of tissue-resident macrophages and can self-maintain during adulthood. The origin of resident macrophages in the testis, however, so far has not been well studied.Importantly, the testis is considered as an immune-privileged organ by protecting the highly immunogenic spermatozoa sequestrated in the seminiferous tubules from the entrance of immune cells. In the adult testis, macrophages participate in the creation of an immune suppressive microenvironment preventing auto-immune attack. Therefore, testicular macrophages tMφ could be considered as the guardians of fertility. Recently,two different macrophage populations have been identified in the adult testis, called interstitial and peritubular, based on their distinct localization and morphology,but their developmental origin and homeostatic maintenance were unknown.Combining the genetic lineage tracing and the neonatal adoptive transfer model, I could demonstrate that the embryo-derived macrophages give rise exclusively to interstitial tMφ. Peritubular tMφ, however, only emerge postnatally from BM-derived progenitors. .My findings provide framework for future investigations into the distinct functions of these two tMφ populations in establishment of immune-privilege as well as the support of spermatogenesis and male hormone production
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Martins, Bárbara Araújo. "Osteologia descritiva e desenvolvimento do esqueleto axial e apendicular de Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger,1895) (Characiformes Characidae) /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141890.

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Orientador: Ricardo Cardoso Benine
Resumo: O gênero Gymnocorymbus Eigenmann 1908, pertencente à família Characidae, se distribui ao longo da Amazônia, Orinoco e Paraguai, e pode ser diagnosticado dos outros pertencentes à família por meio de alguns caracteres específicos para este gênero. Uma espécie importante dentro desse grupo é o Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, também conhecida como tetra negro ou black skirt tetra. Esta espécie vem sendo amplamente utilizada em estudos gerais de biologia, genética e fisiologia, porém apenas recentemente foi alvo de um estudo taxonômico abrangente cujos resultados levaram a necessidade de um maior entendimento dos estados dos caracteres envolvidos. Assim, o objetivo do presente projeto foi de descrever o processo de desenvolvimento ontogenético – dos componentes dos esqueletos axial e apendicular de Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, com ênfase nas características informativas do ponto de vista filogenético, assim como a osteologia de exemplares adultos visando complementar a informação existente e o entendimento das prováveis sinapomorfias previamente propostas. Os espécimes de G. ternetzi utilizados neste estudo foram adquiridos comercialmente e mantidos em tanques comunitários de 300 litros com temperatura de 26 a 28°C e pH entre 6,5 e 6,8. Após a entrada no período reprodutivo, machos e fêmeas foram colocados dois a dois (casais) em aquários de 30 litros, com temperatura em torno de 28°C. Situações para estimular a desova foram simuladas e após a desova os adultos foram retirados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The genus Gymnocorymbus Eigenmann 1908, belongs to the Characidae family, is distributed along the Amazon, Orinoco and Paraguay, and can be diagnosed from other belonging to the family through some specific characters for this genus. An important species within this group is the black tetra, also known as black skirt tetra. This species has been widely used in general studies of biology, genetics and physiology, but only recently has undergone a comprehensive taxonomic study whose results have led to the need for greater understanding of the states of the characters involved. The objective of this project was to describe the ontogenetic development process - the components of the axial and appendicular skeletons of Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, with emphasis on informative features of the phylogenetic point of view, as well as the osteology of adult to complement existing information and understanding of the likely synapomorphies previously proposed. The specimens of G. ternetzi used in this study were commercially purchased and kept in community tanks of 300 liters with temperature 26 to 28 ° C and pH between 6.5 and 6.8. After entering the breeding season, males and females were placed in pairs (couples) in aquariums of 30 liters, with temperatures around 28 ° C. Situations to stimulate spawning were simulated and after spawning adults were taken to avoid possible predation of eggs. Our results provide important information on the development of the appendicular and axial skeleto... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Hübner, Tom. "Ontogeny in Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-125983.

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Carolan, E. J. "Gap junctions in lymphocyte ontogeny." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233181.

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Marsh, Deborah Frances. "The ontogeny of opioid analgesia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286332.

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Frederickson, Joseph Alexander. "Craniofacial Ontogeny In Centrosaurus apertus." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/229570.

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Geology
M.S.
Centrosaurus apertus, a large bodied ceratopsid from the Late Cretaceous of North America, is one of the most common fossils recovered from the Belly River Group of Canada. This fossil record shows a wide diversity in morphology and size, with specimens ranging from putative juveniles to fully-grown individuals. The goal of this study was to reconstruct the ontogenetic changes that occur in the craniofacial skeleton of C. apertus through a quantitative cladistic analysis. Forty-seven cranial specimens were independently coded in separate data matrices for 80 hypothetical multistate growth characters and 130 binary growth characters. Analyses were executed under heuristic searches with all characters unordered and equally weighted. Both analyses yielded the max-limit of 100,000 most parsimonious saved trees and the strict consensus collapsed into large polytomies, so a 50% majority rule consensus was obtained to recover structure in the data. In order to reduce conflict resulting from missing data, fragmentary individuals were removed from the data matrices and the analyses were rerun under a branch and bound search for both multistate and binary data sets. The multistate analysis yielded a single most parsimonious tree, while the binary analysis yielded thirteen equally most parsimonious trees. A strict consensus of the thirteen trees collapsed into a polytomy in the most mature individuals, but the resolved portion is consistent with the tree recovered in the multistate analysis. Among both the complete and the reduced data sets the multistate analyses recovered a shorter tree with a higher consistency index (CI) than the additive binary data sets. The arrangement within the trees show a progression of specimens with a recurved nasal horn in the least mature individuals, followed by specimens with straight nasal horns in relatively more mature individuals, and finally specimens with procurved nasal horns in the most mature individuals. The supraorbital unit, however, shows no consistent pattern of development. The parietal horns develop relatively early, becoming long and curved in some of the least mature skulls. In relatively mature individuals these structures resorb, leaving the horns with a withered appearance. This resorption continues in the most mature individuals until much of the horn is gone. The development of the parietal and nasal horns may represent a heterochronic process (i.e. peramorphosis) in centrosaurine evolution, where juvenile morphology is similar to that of basal neoceratopsians, whereas the adult condition is comparable to that of derived centrosaurines. Bone textural changes were found to be sufficient proxies for relative maturity in individuals that have not reached adult size. Additionally, frill size is congruent with relative maturity status and makes an acceptable proxy for ontogenetic status, especially in smaller individuals. In adult-sized individuals, the fusion of the epoccipitals and the orientation of the nasal horn are the best indicators of relative maturity. There is no clear evidence for sexually specific characters or sexual size dimorphism in C. apertus.
Temple University--Theses
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Xu, Liqun. "Ontogeny of myocardial excitation-contraction coupling." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51512.pdf.

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Acquah, Daniel Kofi. "The ontogeny and epistemology of mentalising." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546587.

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Laumann, Katie May. "Sturgeon (Acipenseridae) phylogeny, biogeography, & ontogeny." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616731.

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Thought of as "ancient" fishes, 25 broadly recognized extant sturgeon species are classified in four genera (Acipenser, Huso, Pseudoscaphirhynchus, and Scaphirhynchus). Molecular and morphological analyses have led to broad but conflicting changes to sturgeon phylogeny. For example, the position of Scaphirhynchus among other sturgeons had been contentious, and various sets of sturgeon species have been proposed to make up the subfamily Husinae. Here, a molecular phylogeny of sturgeons, based on the full mitogenome, is presented. In this phylogeny, Scaphirhynchus is recovered with strong support as basal to the other sturgeons. Huso huso is recovered as basal within a clade containing P. kaufmanni and several species of Acipenser, and is proposed as a new, monotypic subfamily Husinae. This phylogeny is used to examine phylogenetic signal in individual genes and in gene families. The protein coding genes as a unit, and individually, along with 16s rRNA, show phylogenetic signal most similar to that of the full mitogenome. The phylogeny, along with evolutionary relationships of pinnipeds and lampreys, provides the basis for the exploration of sturgeon biogeography. Relationships among geographic areas inhabited by sturgeons are found, finding two sets of related areas- a Pacific area group and an Atlantic group. Relationships of areas within and between these groups reflect area relationships proposed by previous biogeographic and geologic studies. Phylogenetic signal is tested amongst ontogenetic characters, and is recovered in the timing at which larval sturgeon teeth are completely resorbed, indicating that the timing of ontogenetic milestones can carry signal. The phylogeny is used to remove confounding signal from, and investigate correlations among, behavioral and morphological ontogenetic characters. Correlation is found between one pair of characters.
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Fan, Di. "Ontogeny of the peripheral gustatory pathways." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE044.

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La composition chimique des aliments est perçue par les bourgeons du goût et transmise au cerveau postérieur par des nerfs viscérosensoriels particuliers, les nerfs du goût. L’intégrité de ces nerfs est essentielle au maintien des bourgeons du goût chez les animaux adultes. Cependant, leur rôle dans l’ontogénie des bourgeons, chez l’embryon et aux premiers stades postnataux, est controversé and reste non résolu. Dans cette étude, j’ai établi de façon définitive que la formation embryonnaire des bourgeons du goût dépend des nerfs gustatifs chez la souris, unifiant ainsi les mécanismes de maintien/régénération et d’ontogénie de ces organes. En parallèle, j’ai réexaminé la possibilité (jusque-là exclue par d’autres auteurs) d’un rôle du facteur de transcription Foxg1 dans la formation des ganglions sensoriels épibranchiaux. J’ai découvert que Foxg1 est un déterminant des neurones gustatifs dans le ganglion géniculé. Ce nouveau rôle, de pair avec ceux décrits précédemment dans l’épithélium olfactif, la placode otique et la rétine, révèle une cohérence physiologique remarquable des fonctions de Foxg1 (en dehors de son rôle bien établi dans le cortex) en tant que facteur de transcription maître des neurones impliqués dans les « sens spéciaux » : vision, ouïe, odorat et goût
Taste information is received by taste buds and transmitted to the hindbrain by special visceral sensory nerves, the taste nerves. The integrity of taste nerves is essential for the maintenance of taste buds in adult animals. However, a role for taste nerves in the ontogeny of taste buds, in the embryo and at early postnatal stages, has been controversial and is still unresolved. In this study, I establish in a definitive manner that embryonic taste bud formation is nerve-dependent in mouse, thus unifying mechanistically the maintenance/regeneration and ontogeny of these organs. Parallel to this work, I re-examined the possibility (previously excluded by other authors) of a role for the transcription factor Foxg1 in epibranchial ganglion formation. I find that Foxg1 is essential for the differentiation of gustatory neurons in the geniculate ganglion. This novel role, together with previously described ones in the olfactory epithelium, otic placode and retina, unveils a striking physiological coherence of the functions of Foxg1 (outside its well established one in the cortex), as a master transcription factor for neurons involved in “special senses”: vision, hearing, smell and taste
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Books on the topic "Ontogeny"

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Gould, Stephen Jay. Ontogeny and phylogeny. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.

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Breipohl, Winrich, and Raimund Apfelbach, eds. Ontogeny of Olfaction. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71576-1.

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1947-, Humphries C. J., ed. Ontogeny and systematics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

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Stephen, Blackmore, and Knox R. Bruce, eds. Microspores: Revolution and ontogeny. London: Academic, 1990.

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N, Nikitina V., ed. Mekhanizmy ontogeneza i ikh reguli͡a︡t͡s︡ii͡a︡: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1987.

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Sidney, Strauss, ed. Ontogeny, phylogeny, and historical development. Norwood, N.J: Ablex Pub. Corp., 1988.

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1950-, Finlay Barbara L., Innocenti Giorgio M, Scheich H, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. The neocortex: Ontogeny and phylogeny. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.

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Ken, McNamara, ed. Heterochrony: The evolution of ontogeny. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.

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National Science Foundation (U.S.), ed. The ontogeny of inclusive science. [Cedar Rapids, Iowa?: G. Stefanich], 2007.

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Vsesoi͡uznyĭ, simpozium Molekuli͡arnye i. funkt͡sionalʹnye mekhanizmy ontogeneza (1987 Kharkiv Ukraine). Molekuli͡arnye i funkt͡sionalʹnye mekhanizmy ontogeneza: Vsesoi͡uznyĭ simpozium : tezisy dokladov, 27-29 okti͡abri͡a 1987 goda. Kharʹkov: Kharʹkovskiĭ gos. universitet, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ontogeny"

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Mizuno, Tooru M., Ashwini Padhi, Naomi Fineberg, Naomi A. Fineberg, Ashwini Padhi, Michael H. Bloch, James F. Leckman, et al. "Ontogeny." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 923. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_435.

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Koyama, Sachiko. "Ontogeny." In SpringerBriefs in Animal Sciences, 75–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13933-3_6.

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Seethy, Ashikh, Subhradip Karmakar, and Karthikeyan Pethusamy. "Ontogeny." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 4796–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_526.

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Seethy, Ashikh, Subhradip Karmakar, and Karthikeyan Pethusamy. "Ontogeny." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_526-1.

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Lebel, B., C. Tardieu, B. Locker, and C. Hulet. "Ontogeny-Phylogeny." In The Meniscus, 3–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02450-4_1.

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López, Nicolás Robles. "Ontogeny, Overview." In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, 1280–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_392.

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Minelli, Alessandro. "Ontogeny/Phylogeny." In Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis, 359–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51324-5_84.

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Morss, John R. "Against Ontogeny." In Trees of Life, 241–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8038-0_9.

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Jacobson, Marcus. "Neuroglial Ontogeny." In Developmental Neurobiology, 95–142. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4954-0_3.

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Hemleben, Christoph, Michael Spindler, and O. Roger Anderson. "Shell Ontogeny." In Modern Planktonic Foraminifera, 164–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3544-6_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ontogeny"

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Otter, Tim. "Genotype, phenotype and ontogeny." In the 2005 workshops. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1102256.1102323.

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E, EVGENY, MIKHAIL A, and YURY N. "Modeling Ontogeny in Biology." In International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control and Networking - ACCN 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-038-5-07.

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Samuseva, P. D., and A. A. Mekhova. "EXPRESSION OF COPPER METABOLISM GENES IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS DURING THE LIFE CYCLE." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-367.

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In the nematodes C. elegans with a genetic defect in copper metabolism, the expression of genes of the copper transport system (CTS) during ontogeny was studied. In worms, the H828Q substitution in the CUA-1 protein (ortholog of the human Wilson ATPase) was shown to cause a significant delay in development and death at the early stages of ontogeny upon treatment with Ag1+. The significance of the sequence of turning on the activity of CTS genes in the development of nematodes is discussed.
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Agmon, Eran, Alexander J. Gates, and Randall D. Beer. "Ontogeny and adaptivity in a model protocell." In European Conference on Artificial Life 2015. The MIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-33027-5-ch043.

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Devert, Alexandre, Nicolas Bredeche, and Marc Schoenauer. "Arti?cial Ontogeny for Truss Structure Design." In 2008 Second IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops, SASOW. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sasow.2008.53.

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Agmon, Eran, Alexander J. Gates, and Randall D. Beer. "Ontogeny and adaptivity in a model protocell." In European Conference on Artificial Life 2015. The MIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/978-0-262-33027-5-ch043.

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Smith, Christopher E., Jennifer E. Bauer, and Colin D. Sumrall. "GROWTH OF PENTREMITES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR BLASTOID ONTOGENY." In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-312129.

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BAIXERIES, JAUME, RAMON FERRER-I-CANCHO, and BRITA ELVEVÅG. "THE EXPONENT OF ZIPF'S LAW IN LANGUAGE ONTOGENY." In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference (EVOLANG9). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814401500_0055.

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Zietlow, Amelia. "HOW TO MAKE MONSTERS: CRANIOFACIAL ONTOGENY IN TYLOSAURINAE." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-358934.

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Veitch, Margaret A. "INVESTIGATING ONTOGENY IN THE EOCENE CRINOID CONOCRINUS THORENTI." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307369.

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Reports on the topic "Ontogeny"

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Kuczaj II, Stan A. The Ontogeny of the Dolphin Echolocation System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423122.

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Amico, Janet A. Mammary Gland Ontogeny and Neoplasia in Oxytocin Deficient Mice. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401201.

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Tremblay, Michel. Contribution of Protein Tyrosine Phosphateses to the Ontogeny and Progression of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada462811.

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Eshed, Yuval, and Sarah Hake. Shaping plant architecture by age dependent programs: implications for food, feed and biofuel. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597922.bard.

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Age dependent programs are responsible for the physiological and developmental differences of young and mature plants. These include a range of morphological characters such as leaf shape and leaf composition (waxes, lignin etc..) but also different in developmental potentials. Apical buds of juvenile plants are vegetative, while those of mature plants can be reproductive. Likewise, basal buds form in the axills of juvenile leaves have different fates than distal buds formed in the axils of mature leaves. The goal of our joint project is to understand and exploit theses age related programs for specific improvement of crop plants. To that end both the WIS group and the PGEC group are using mutants with age related defects as well as modified expression of miR156 to modify age related programs in crop plants- Tomato and potato in Israel and Maize, switchgrass and Brchipodium in the US. In the US, major effort were made to: Characterize the contribution of selected miR156 target genes to yield component traits of maize. Functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets in new crop plants. In Israel, the research progressed in several directions: Understanding the interplay between age dependent programs and the potential of tomato and potato meristems to produce tubers. Evaluation of the agronomic value of mutants that alter flowering regime in side shoots in general, and in the sympodial buds in particular Characterization of wild type axillary buds, comparing shoot ontogeny of gradually maturing apices from basal and distal positions along the main shoot of tomato.
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Eshed, Yuval, and John Bowman. Harnessing Fine Scale Tuning of Endogenous Plant Regulatory Processes for Manipulation of Organ Growth. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696519.bard.

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Background and objectives: Manipulation of plant organ growth is one of the primary reasons for the success of mankind allowing increasing amounts of food for human and livestock consumption. In contrast with the successful selection for desirable growth characteristics using plant breeding, transgenic manipulations with single genes has met limited success. While breeding is based on accumulation of many small alterations of growth, usually arise from slight changes in expression patterns, transgenic manipulations are primarily based on drastic, non-specific up-regulation or knock down of genes that can exert different effects during different stages of development. To successfully harness transgenic manipulation to attain desirable plant growth traits we require the tools to subtly regulate the temporal and spatial activity of plant growth genes. Polar morphology along the adaxial/abaxial axis characterizes lateral organs of all plants. Juxtaposition of two cell types along this axis is a prerequisite of laminar growth induction. In the study summarized here, we addressed the following questions: Can we identify and harness components of the organ polarity establishment pathway for prolonged growth? Can we identify specific regulatory sequences allowing spatial and temporal manipulation in various stages of organ development? Can we identify genes associated with YABBY-induced growth alterations? Major conclusions and implications: We showed that regulated expression, both spatially and temporally of either organ polarity factors such as the YABBY genes, or the organ maturation program such as the CIN-TCPs can stimulate substantial growth of leaves and floral organs. Promoters for such fine manipulation could be identified by comparison of non-coding sequences of KAN1, where a highly conserved domain was found within the second intron, or by examination of multiple 5” regions of genes showing transient expression along leaf ontogeny. These promoters illustrate the context dependent action of any gene we examined thus far, and facilitate fine tuning of the complex growth process. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. The present study was carried out on the model organism Arabidopsis, and the broad application of its findings were tested in the tomato crop. We learned that all central regulators of organ polarity are functionally conserved, probably in all flowering plants. Thus, with minor modifications, the rules and mechanisms outlined in this work are likely to be general.
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Fields, Michael J., Mordechai Shemesh, and Anna-Riitta Fuchs. Significance of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptors in Bovine Pregnancy. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568790.bard.

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Oxytocin has multiple actions in bovine reproductive tract and it was our purpose to determine the nature of these actions and their significance for the physiology of bovine reproduction. The bovine oxytocin receptors (OTR) gene was cloned and its expression studied during the cycle and pregnancy. OTR mRNA changed in parallel with OTR with control occurring mainly at the transcriptional level. However, the endocrine regulation of OTR were found in endometrium and cervical mucosa at estrus and at parturition. In both tissues OTR were suppressed in the luteal phase and early pregnancy. Whereas cervical OTR remained suppressed throughout pregnancy, endometrial OTR began to increase soon after implantation and reached higher concentrations in midpregnancy than at estrus. OTR in caruncles did not increase until third trimester, and OTR in cervical mucosa, cotyledons and fetal membranes increased only at term. Myometrial OTR showed less variation and OTR were present throughout the cycle and pregnancy but increased significantly during mid- and late pregnancy. OTR were localized in endometrial epithelial cells and lumina epithelial cells of cervical mucosa as determined by immunohistochemistry. Endometrial OTR were functional throughout pregnancy and mediated PGF release from day 50 onwards in a receptor density related manner. OTR in cervical mucosa mediated PGE release both in vivo and in vitro, as shown in cyclic cows. The ontogeny of uterine OTR was studied from third trimester fetal stage until puberty. OTR were present in endometrium and cervical mucosa in high concentrations throughout this period; myometrial OTR began to increase somewhat later but also reached adult values by 6-mo of age. In the prepuberal heifers OT injections failed to initiate PGF2a, release. The influence of steroids on the effect of OT was examined. Ovariectomy and E2 were without effect, but P4 with or without E2 induced a massive PGF2a release in response to OT in spite of reduced OTR. Bovine cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) were cloned and their expression studied in the endometrium of prepuberal heifers and pregnant cows. Untreated and E2 treated prepuberal heifers did not express COX-2 but P4 treated heifers did express the mRNA for COX-2, albeit weakly. During the second half of pregnancy COX-2 mRNA was strongly expressed in cotyledons and somewhat less in caruncles, whereas endometrium, myometrium and cervical mucosa showed only weak, if any, COX-2 mRNA under basal conditions. However, 2 h after OT injection significant increases in COX-2 mRNA were found in endometrial RNA. Thus OT is capable of inducing the expression of the inducible COX-2 gene, and hence the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. The results indicate that the functions of OT are numerous and probably essential for successful pregnancy and parturition.
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Halevy, Orna, Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni, and Israel Rozenboim. Enhancement of meat production by monochromatic light stimuli during embryogenesis: effect on muscle development and post-hatch growth. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586471.bard.

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The original objectives were: A. To determine the critical embryonic age for monochromatic green light stimulation. B. To follow the ontogeny of embryos exposed to monochromatic green light vs. darkness. C. To investigate the effects of monochromatic green light illumination on myoblast and fiber development in the embryo. D. To investigate the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on growth and meat production. E. To evaluate the direct effect of monochromatic green light on cultured embryonic and adult myoblasts. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monochromatic light stimuli during incubation period of broilers on muscle development and satellite cell myogenesis. Based on previous studies (Halevy et al., 1998; Rozenboim et al., 1999) that demonstrated the positive effects of green-light illumination on body and muscle growth, we hypothesized that monochromatic light illumination accelerates embryo and muscle development and subsequently enhances muscle growth and meat production. Thus, further decreases management costs. Under the cooperation of the laboratories at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and University of Washington we have conducted the following: 1. We have established the critical stage for exposure to green monochromatic light which has the maximal effect on body and muscle growth (Objective A). We report that embryonic day 5 is optimal for starting illumination. The optimal regime of lighting that will eliminate possible heat effects was evaluated by monitoring egg core temperature at various illumination periods. We found that intermitted lighting (15 min. on; 15 min. off) is optimal to avoid heat effects. 2. We have evaluated in detail gross changes in embryo development profile associated to green light stimuli vs. darkness. In addition, we have investigated the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on body and muscle growth (Objective B,D). 3. We have studied the expression profile of muscle regulatory proteins during chicken muscle cell differentiation in cultures using newly developed antibodies. This study paved the way for analyzing the expression of these proteins in our photo stimulation experiments (Objective C). 4. We have studied the pattern ofPax7 expression during myogenesis in the posthatch chicken. Experimental chick pectoralis muscles as well adult myoblast cultures were used in this study and the results led us to propose a novel model for satellite cell differentiation and renewal. 5. The effects of monochromatic green light illumination during embryogenesis have been studied. These studies focused on fetal myoblast and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation at pre- and posthatch periods and on the effects on the expression of muscle regulatory proteins which are involved in these processes. In addition, we have analyzed the effect of photo stimulation in the embryo on myofiber development at early posthatch (Objective C). 6. In follow the reviewers' comments we have not conducted Objective E. The information gathered from these studies is of utmost importance both, for understanding the molecular basis of muscle development in the posthatch chicks and for applied approach for future broiler management. Therefore, the information could be beneficial to agriculture in the short term on the one hand and to future studies on chick muscle development in the embryo and posthatch on the other hand.
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Funkenstein, Bruria, and Cunming Duan. GH-IGF Axis in Sparus aurata: Possible Applications to Genetic Selection. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580665.bard.

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Many factors affect growth rate in fish: environmental, nutritional, genetics and endogenous (physiological) factors. Endogenous control of growth is very complex and many hormone systems are involved. Nevertheless, it is well accepted that growth hormone (GH) plays a major role in stimulating somatic growth. Although it is now clear that most, if not all, components of the GH-IGF axis exist in fish, we are still far from understanding how fish grow. In our project we used as the experimental system a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), which inhabits lagoons along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe, and represents one of the most important fish species used in the mariculture industry in the Mediterranean region, including Israel. Production of Sparus is rapidly growing, however, in order for this production to stay competitive, the farming of this fish species has to intensify and become more efficient. One drawback, still, in Sparus extensive culture is that it grows relatively slow. In addition, it is now clear that growth and reproduction are physiological interrelated processes that affect each other. In particular sexual maturation (puberty) is known to be closely related to growth rate in fish as it is in mammals, indicating interactions between the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes. The goal of our project was to try to identify the rate-limiting components(s) in Sparus aurata GH-IGF system which might explain its slow growth by studying the ontogeny of growth-related genes: GH, GH receptor, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptor, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and Pit-1 during early stages of development of Sparus aurata larvae from slow and fast growing lines. Our project was a continuation of a previous BARD project and could be divided into five major parts: i) obtaining additional tools to those obtained in the previous project that are necessary to carry out the developmental study; ii) the developmental expression of growth-related genes and their cellular localization; iii) tissue-specific expression and effect of GH on expression of growth-related genes; iv) possible relationship between GH gene structure, growth rate and genetic selection; v) the possible role of the IGF system in gonadal development. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) The cDNAs (complete or partial) coding for Sparus IGFBP-2, GH receptor and Pit-1 were cloned. Sequence comparison reveals that the primary structure of IGFBP-2 protein is 43-49% identical to that of zebrafish and other vertebrates. Intensive efforts resulted in cloning a fragment of 138 nucleotides, coding for 46 amino acids in the proximal end of the intracellular domain of GH receptor. This is the first fish GH receptor cDNA that had been cloned to date. The cloned fragment will enable us to complete the GH - receptor cloning. 2) IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGF receptor transcripts were detected by RT-PCR method throughout development in unfertilized eggs, embryos, and larvae suggesting that these mRNAs are products of both the maternal and the embryonic genomes. Preliminary RT-PCR analysis suggest that GH receptor transcript is present in post-hatching larvae already on day 1. 3) IGF-1R transcripts were detected in all tissues tested by RT-PCR with highest levels in gill cartilage, skin, kidney, heart, pyloric caeca, and brain. Northern blot analysis detected IGF receptor only in gonads, brain and gill cartilage but not in muscle; GH increased slightly brain and gill cartilage IGF-1R mRNA levels. 4) IGFBP-2 transcript were detected only in liver and gonads, when analyzed by Northern blots; RT-PCR analysis revealed expression in all tissues studied, with the highest levels found in liver, skin, gonad and pyloric caeca. 5) Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-1R and IGFBP-2 was analyzed during gonadal development. High levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 expression were found in bisexual young gonads, which decreased during gonadal development. Regardless of maturational stage, IGF-II levels were higher than those of IGF-L 6) The GH gene was cloned and its structure was characterized. It contains minisatellites of tandem repeats in the first and third introns that result in high level of genetic polymorphism. 7) Analysis of the presence of IGF-I and two types of IGF receptor by immunohistochemistry revealed tissue- and stage-specific expression during larval development. Immunohistochemistry also showed that IGF-I and its receptors are present in both testicular and ovarian cells. Although at this stage we are not able to pinpoint which is the rate-limiting step causing the slow growth of Sparus aurata, our project (together with the previous BARD) yielded a great number of experimental tools both DNA probes and antibodies that will enable further studies on the factors regulating growth in Sparus aurata. Our expression studies and cellular localization shed new light on the tissue and developmental expression of growth-related genes in fish.
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Yaron, Zvi, Abigail Elizur, Martin Schreibman, and Yonathan Zohar. Advancing Puberty in the Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) and the Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis). United States Department of Agriculture, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695841.bard.

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Both the genes and cDNA sequences encoding the b-subunits of black carp LH and FSH were isolated, cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the bcFSHb and LHb5'flanking regions revealed that the promoter region of both genes contains canonical TATA sequences, 30 bp and 17 bp upstream of the transcription start site of FSHb and LHb genes, respectively. In addition, they include several sequences of cis-acting motifs, required for inducible and tissue-specific transcriptional regulation: the gonadotropin-specific element (GSE), GnRH responsive element (GRE), half sites of estrogen and androgen response elements, cAMP response element, and AP1. Several methods have been employed by the Israeli team to purify the recombinant b subunits (EtOH precipitation, gel filtration and lentil lectin). While the final objective to produce pure recombinantGtH subunits has not yet been achieved, we have covered much ground towards this goal. The black carp ovary showed a gradual increase in both mass and oocyte diameter. First postvitellogenic oocytes were found in 5 yr old fish. At this age, the testes already contained spermatozoa. The circulating LH levels increased from 0.5 ng/ml in 4 yr old fish to >5ng/ml in 5 yr old fish. In vivo challenge experiments in black carp showed the initial LH response of the pituitary to GnRH in 4 yr old fish. The response was further augmented in 5 yr old fish. The increase in estradiol level in response to gonadotropic stimulation was first noted in 4 yr old fish but this response was much stronger in the following year. In vivo experiments on the FSHb and LHb mRNA levels in response to GnRH were carried out on common carp as a model for synchronom spawning cyprinids. These experiments showed the prevalence of FSHP in maturing fish while LHP mRNA was prevalent in mature fish, especially in females. The gonadal fat-pad was found to originate from the retroperitoneal mesoderm and not from the genital ridge, thus differing from that reported in certain amphibians This tissue possibly serves as the major source of sex steroids in the immature black carp. However, such a function is taken over by the developing gonads in 4 yr old fish. In the striped bass, we described the ontogeny of the neuro-endocrine parameters along the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis during the first four years of life, throughout gonadal development and the onset of puberty. We also described the responsiveness of the reproductive axis to long-term hormonal manipulations at various stages of gonadal development. Most males reached complete sexual maturity during the first year of life. Puberty was initiated during the third year of life in most females, but this first reproductive cycle did not lead to the acquisition of full sexual maturity. This finding indicates that more than one reproductive cycle may be required before adulthood is reached. Out of the three native GnRHs present in striped bass, only sbGnRH and cGnRH II increased concomitantly with the progress of gonadal development and the onset of puberty. This finding, together with data on GtH synthesis and release, suggests that while sbGnRH and cGnRH II may be involved in the regulation of puberty in striped bass, these neuropeptides are not limiting factors to the onset of puberty. Plasma LH levels remained low in all fish, suggesting that LH plays only a minor role in early gonadal development. This hypothesis was further supported by the finding that experimentally elevated plasma LH levels did not result in the induction of complete ovarian and testicular development. The acquisition of complete puberty in 4 yr old females was associated with a rise in the mRNA levels of all GtH subunit genes, including a 218-fold increase in the mRNA levels of bFSH. mRNA levels of the a and PLH subunits increased only 11- and 8-fold, respectively. Although data on plasma FSH levels are unavailable, the dramatic increase in bFSH mRNA suggests a pivotal role for this hormone in regulating the onset and completion of puberty in striped bass. The hormonal regulation of the onset of puberty and of GtH synthesis and release was studied by chronic administration of testosterone (T) and/or an analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (G). Sustained administration of T+G increased the mRNA levels of the PLH subunit to the values characteristic of sexually mature fish, and also increased the plasma levels of LH. However, these changes did not result in the acceleration of sexual maturation. The mRNA levels of the bFSH subunit were slightly stimulated, but remained about 1/10 of the values characteristic of sexually mature fish. It is concluded that the stimulation of FSH gene expression and release does not lead to the acceleration of sexual maturity, and that the failure to sufficiently stimulate the bFSH subunit gene expression may underlie the inability of the treatments to advance sexual maturity. Consequently, FSH is suggested to be the key hormone to the initiation and completion of puberty in striped bass. Future efforts to induce precocious puberty in striped bass should focus on understanding the regulation of FSH synthesis and release and on developing technologies to induce these processes. Definite formulation of hormonal manipulation to advance puberty in the striped bass and the black carp seems to be premature at this stage. However, the project has already yielded a great number of experimental tools of DNA technology, slow-release systems and endocrine information on the process of puberty. These systems and certain protocols have been already utilized successfully to advance maturation in other fish (e.g. grey mullet) and will form a base for further study on fish puberty.
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