Academic literature on the topic 'ONMS system'

AbstractThe mission of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) is to serve as the trustee for the nation’s system of marine protected areas, to conserve, protect, and enhance their biodiversity, ecological integrity, and cultural legacy. A century of ocean dumping has left the world with a forgotten legacy of chemical and conventional weapons, nuclear waste dumpsites, shipwrecks, abandoned pipelines, and wellheads found in all ocean waters, including those of the National Marine Sanctuary System. The ONMS created the Resources and Undersea Threats (RUST) database to catalogue potential threats, including shipwrecks, munitions dumpsites, radiological waste dumpsites, abandoned pipelines, and wellheads. RUST data are composed of and synthesized from numerous databases and thousands of document files that cover the U.S. coastline out to the outer continental shelf; however, initial database population has primarily focused on the NMS System. These data sources combine to create a single, all-inclusive entry for each submerged site that includes but is not limited to positioning, site type (i.e., vessel or munitions dumpsite), ship/container typology, cargo, type and estimated amount of hazardous material remaining (e.g., oil, diesel fuel, mustard gas), and inherent risks associated with the site. Taking a proactive instead of a reactive approach to mitigating this risk will reduce response costs and diminish the threat of environmental and socioeconomic damages.

Abstract BACKGROUND The differences between 3-dimensional (3D) high definition (HD) and 2-dimensional (2D) 4-K ultra-HD (4K) endoscopy and their respective advantages remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of these endoscopy systems in endonasal skull base surgery. METHODS Consecutive series of endoscopic endonasal surgeries performed after introduction of 3D/HD and 2D/4K systems (July 2017) were retrospectively evaluated. Sporadic cases treated with either system, or a conventional 2D standard definition (SD) system, during the rental period from March 2016 were also included. Objective comparisons between the systems were made for newly diagnosed Knosp grade 0 to 3 pituitary adenomas. Surgical procedures were divided into nasal, sphenoidal, and intradural phases, and the surgical procedural time was compared for each phase. The time required for and accuracy of suturing the sellar floor dura was also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 74 cases were treated with 3D/HD and/or 2D/4K, and 12 cases with 2D/SD. 3D/HD was advantageous in the nasal phase because of its intuitive depth perception. 2D/4K was advantageous in the intradural phase because of its superior image quality. Surgical time of the nasal phase with 3D/HD, and that of the intradural phase with 2D/4K, were significantly shorter than that with 2D/SD. The time required for and accuracy of sellar floor dural suturing showed a trend toward improving in the order of 2D/SD, 2D/4K, and 3D/HD. CONCLUSION 3D/HD and 2D/4K endoscopy systems have different advantages, which are useful in distinct surgical phases. Understanding the characteristics of endoscopy systems is important for selecting the most appropriate system for distinct surgical situations.

Using a proper choice of the dynamical variables, we show that a non-autonomous dynamical system transforming to an autonomous dynamical system with a certain coordinate transformations can be obtained by solving a general nonlinear first-order partial differential equations. We examine some special cases and provide particular physical examples. Our framework constitutes general machineries in investigating other non-autonomous dynamical systems.

Abstract BACKGROUND The management of medically refractory epilepsy patients who are not surgical candidates has remained challenging. Closed loop—or responsive—neurostimulation (RNS) is now an established therapy for the treatment of epilepsy with specific indications. The RNS® system (NeuroPace Inc, Mountainview, California) has recently been shown to be effective in reducing the seizure frequency of partial onset seizures. The electrode design consists of either intracerebral depth electrodes or subdural strip electrodes, and stereotaxis is typically used to guide placement into the EZ. Details on the operative techniques used to place these electrodes have been lacking. OBJECTIVE To address the advantage of using a robotic-assisted technique to place depth electrodes for RNS® system placement compared to the typical frame-based or frameless stereotactic systems. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our single center, technical operative experience with RNS® system placement using robotic assistance from 2014 to 2016 via chart review. RESULTS Twelve patients underwent RNS® system placement using robotic assistance. Mean operative time was 121 min for a median of 2 depth electrodes with mean deviation from intended target of ∼3 mm in x, y, and z planes. Two patients developed wound infections, 1 of whom was reimplanted. Seizures were reduced by ∼40% at 2 yr, similar to the results seen in the open label portion of the pivotal RNS trial. CONCLUSION Robotic-assisted stereotaxis can be used to provide a stable and accurate stereotactic platform for insertion of intracerebral RNS electrodes, representing a safe, efficient and accurate procedure.

Abstract BACKGROUND To be efficient, intraoperative task-presentation systems must accurately present various language and cognitive tasks to patients undergoing awake surgery, and record behavioral data without compromising convenience of surgery. OBJECTIVE To present an integrated brain mapping task-presentation system we developed and evaluate its effectiveness in intraoperative task presentation. METHODS The Brain Mapping Interactive Stimulation System (Brain MISS) is a flexible task presentation system that adjusts for patient comfort, needs of the surgeon, and operating team, with multivideo recording for patients’ behavior. A total of 48 patients from 3 centers underwent intraoperative language task test during awake brain surgery with the Brain MISS. Each patient was assigned 5 questions each on picture naming, reading, and listening comprehension before and during awake surgeries. The accuracy of intraoperative stimulus-response (without electrical stimulation) was recorded. The Brain MISS was to be considered effective, if the lower limit of 95% CI of patients’ intraoperative response was ≥80% and also if the accuracy of intraoperative response of all patients was statistically higher than 80%. RESULTS All patients successfully underwent intraoperative assessment with the Brain MISS. The overall accuracy of stimulus response was 95.8% (95% CI 90.18%-100.00%), with the lower limit being higher than 80% and the response accuracy also significantly being higher than 80% in all patients (P = .006). CONCLUSION The Brain MISS is a portable and effective system for presenting and streamlining complicated language and cognitive tasks during awake surgery. It can also record standardized patient response data for neuroscientific research.

The purpose of this paper is to identify problems in the identified picking process that lead to consumer dissatisfaction and provide solutions to problems that exist in the company, especially in warehousing, supported by analysis of the running system to obtain the information needed. The decision-making system is used to be able to produce information regarding picking orders in adjusting the number of orders, availability of pickers and distribution to consumers. The research method that uses the PIECES analysis and technology acceptance model method to determine the user's acceptance of the system being built. The smart digital order picking system was able to significantly accelerate the order picking business process from the ones that previously took a long time after implementation could meet consumer needs quickly.

Abstract BACKGROUND Large vascular brain tumors pose an exceptional challenge in young children. Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is an example of a rare, often large and especially vascular neuroepithelial tumor that most commonly arises in children under 5 yr old. Although patients may be cured by total resection, this tumor poses significant surgical risks and challenges related to intraoperative hemostasis. OBJECTIVE To describe our experience using a transcollation system during brain tumor surgery in a child to achieve hemostasis and minimize blood loss while preserving normal brain tissue. METHODS A 3-yr-old girl presented following a fall and was found to have a giant CPP growing from the right lateral ventricle. Given the vascularity of the tumor and the low intravascular reserve in a small child, a transcollation device was used to reduce blood loss intraoperatively. RESULTS Gross total resection was achieved with approximately 300 mL of blood loss without complications. The patient did well postoperatively. Imaging performed at 3 mo after resection revealed return of normal brain architecture. CONCLUSION Transcollation devices appear to be an effective and safe addition to the armamentarium of neurosurgical hemostatic options in intracranial tumor resection in which there is a high risk of intraoperative hemorrhage.

This report describes the development of a system for controlling documents. The report starts with a problem description which the company wants an intranet-based solution for. The report then continues to describe the development phase for the different parts of the system which results in a complete system. The company that wanted this system is called Orbit One and is located in Ronneby, Sweden. They have had a problem with old documents circulating in different versions and in different binders. Now thanks to their new system they can access their documents easy and on demand through their intranet.

This thesis describes work carried out on several chemical aspects of fused 1,2,3-triazin-4-ones. In the first section several sUbstituted l,2,3-benzotriazinones were prepared with a view to observing their rate of deazoniation. It ,was envisaged that a kinetic analysis of this reaction would aid the elucidation of the nature of a hitherto controversial reaction intermediate. The rate constants obtained were used to construct Hammett plots and hence calculate the reaction constants. Several pieces of evidence were obtained that suggested the intermediate was of a diradical nature. Unfortunately, this could not be substantiated by Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation spectroscopy. The second section involved devising a new synthetic route for the preparation of l,2,3-thieno[ 3,4-d]triazinones since the one existing preparation gave polysubstituted products. A simple thienotriazinone was obtained which was used to study the reaction conditions required to cause its deazoniation. It was envisaged that for this reaction to occur, a potentially undesirable sulphurE[intermediate must be surmounted. As anticipated the thieno[3,4-d]triazinone did not deazoniate under the normal conditions.The synthetic route used to prepare the thieno[3,4-d]triazinone also afforded an intermediate aminonitrile. An investigation into the versatility of this compound as a potential precursor to other fused heterocycles was undertaken. Several fused thienopyrimidines were obtained. The final section of this work was dedicated to devising a synthetic route for the preparation of pyrroloand furanotriazinones. Unfortunately these compounds were not obtained due to difficulties of instability and excessive water solubility encountered in the synthesis, several useful intermediates were, however, successfully prepared.

The aim of the project was to investigate the use of mercury mediated cyclisation reactions resulting in the generation of 2,3-dihydropyran-4//-one and 3(2//)-furanone systems. Chapter one discusses the general synthesis of dihydropyranones and furanones. The chapter continues and focuses upon the use of a mercury-mediated cyclisation strategy in the synthesis of 2,3-dihydropyran-4-ones and 3(2//)-mranones. Finally the chapter describes efforts to utilise a mercury-mediated cyclisation strategy to synthesise useful synthetic intermediates. Chapter two is focused upon protein phosphorylation inhibitors, and begins by discussing the processes of protein phosphorylation and compounds which inhibit the process. The chapter focuses on fostriecin and phospholine compounds, and discusses efforts to synthesise key fragments of the compounds using a mercury-mediated cyclisation protocol. Chapter three describes histone deacetylase inhibitors, and their mode of action. The use of computational models to predict and rationalise inhibitor activity is discussed. A small selection of HDAC inhibitors are used to demonstrate the Autodock system in predicting inhibitory activity. A previously unknown compound is synthesized, and inhibitory properties compared to those predicted by the Autodock system. Chapter four discusses efforts to synthesise the spiroketal subunit of (-)-calyculin A. Initially a mercury-mediated cyclisation strategy is presented, detailing the preparation of two key fragments which are combined to form a key scaffold used in the cyclisation strategy. The chapter then describes the use of auxiliary fragments in attempts to generate the spiroketal fragment.

Brazil has majority share of hydroelectric power in its generation matrix electricity, depending on the rainy seasons and settlement of multiannual reservoirs to ensure safety in the generation and distribution system power national power. In this context, time series analysis can provide information useful for planning and more efficient operation of the reservoirs, identifying possible trends in the flow of data or precipitation of the integrated stations hydroelectric plants. The trend analysis in hydrological series is held traditionally using non-parametric tests such as the Mann-Kendall test, and You can treat both monotonic trends or abrupt as in various ways. Such tests, although not require information about the distribution of data, require data to be independent, which rarely occurs in series hydrologic variables. Thus, new tests have arisen in the trend analysis, with objective of taking the autocorrelation of the series under consideration. This paper proposes trend analysis of historical streamflow series of major basins contribute to the National Interconnected System (SIN), obtained from data National Electric System Operator (ONS). The analysis will aim check importance of considering the autocorrelation of the data to detect trends, analyzing the first series without considering the autocorrelation - the nonparametric method Traditional Mann-Kendall with Sen estimator - and then applying filters Pre-Whitening and Trend-Free Pre-Whitening. The tests were implemented through the MatLab program to analyze the average natural flow monthly provided by the ONS. The spatial distribution of trends found It was presented through maps created the Free Software QGIS. The results found for the ONS posts corroborated the theory that the autocorrelation influences the detection of trends. Keywords: autocorrelation, trend analysis, hydropower se
O Brasil possui participaÃÃo majoritÃria de energia hidroelÃtrica em sua matriz de geraÃÃo de energia elÃtrica, dependendo das estaÃÃes chuvosas e da regularizaÃÃo plurianual dos reservatÃrios para garantir a seguranÃa na geraÃÃo e distribuiÃÃo de energia do sistema elÃtrico nacional. Nesse contexto, a anÃlise de sÃries temporais pode oferecer informaÃÃes Ãteis para o planejamento e a operaÃÃo mais eficientes dos reservatÃrios, identificando possÃveis tendÃncias nos dados de vazÃo ou de precipitaÃÃo dos postos integrados Ãs usinas hidrelÃtricas. A anÃlise de tendÃncias em sÃries hidrolÃgicas à realizada tradicionalmente atravÃs de testes nÃo-paramÃtricos, como o teste de Mann-Kendall, e pode tratar tanto de tendÃncias monotÃnicas, quanto de abruptas ou de formas diversas. Esses testes, apesar de nÃo requererem informaÃÃes sobre a distribuiÃÃo dos dados, requerem que os dados sejam independentes, o que raramente ocorre nas sÃries de variÃveis hidrolÃgicas. Assim, novos testes surgiram na anÃlise de tendÃncias, com o objetivo de levar a autocorrelaÃÃo das sÃries em consideraÃÃo. O presente trabalho propÃe a anÃlise de tendÃncias das sÃries histÃricas de vazÃes das principais bacias que contribuem para o Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN), obtidas a partir de dados do Operador Nacional do Sistema ElÃtrico (ONS). A anÃlise terà por objetivo verificar a importÃncia da consideraÃÃo da autocorrelaÃÃo dos dados na detecÃÃo de tendÃncias, analisando as sÃries primeiramente sem considerar a autocorrelaÃÃo - pelo mÃtodo nÃoparamÃtrico tradicional de Mann-Kendall com estimador de Sen - e, em seguida, aplicando os filtros do Pre-Whitening e do Trend-Free Pre-Whitening. Os testes foram implementados atravÃs do programa MatLab, para anÃlise das vazÃes naturais mÃdias mensais disponibilizadas pelo ONS. A distribuiÃÃo espacial das tendÃncias encontradas foi apresentada atravÃs de mapas criados no software livre QGIS. Os resultados encontrados para os postos do ONS corroboraram a teoria de que a autocorrelaÃÃo influencia na detecÃÃo de tendÃncias.

Native Multicast plays an important role in distributing and managing delivery of some of the most popular Internet applications, such as IPTV and media delivery. However, due to patchy support and the existence of multiple approaches for Native Multicast, the support for Native Multicast is fragmented into isolated areas termed Multicast Islands. This renders Native Multicast unfit to be used as an Internet wide application. Instead, Application Layer Multicast, which does not have such network requirements but is more expensive in terms of bandwidth and overhead, can be used to connect the native multicast islands. This thesis proposes Opportunistic Native Multicast (ONM) which employs Application LayerMulticast (ALM), on top of a DHT-based P2P overlay network, and Automatic Multicast Tunnelling (AMT) to connect these islands. ALM will be used for discovery and initiating the AMT tunnels. The tunnels will encapsulate the traffic going between islands' Primary Nodes (PNs). AMT was used for its added benefits such as security and being better at traffic shaping and Quality Of Service (QoS). While different approaches for connecting multicast islands exists, the system proposed in the thesis was designed with the following characteristics in mind: scalability, availability, interoperability, self-adaptation and efficiency. Importantly, by utilising AMT tunnels, this approach has unique properties that improve network security and management.

COSTA, C. G. F. Desigualdade, pobreza e governança: uma agenda para Timor-Leste. 2014. 209 f. Tese (Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014.
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The theme of this thesis - "INEQUALITY, POVERTY AND GOVERNANCE: AN AGENDA FOR EAST TIMOR" - stems from an interest to assess the influence of key-actors - NGOs, national governments and the United Nations System - in policy development, in developing countries that emerge from serious conflicts; in particular we search for solutions to deal with the problem of how to evaluate governance, policies and the development path in countries without reliable and structured data. This research animes to contribute to the debate on the influence of NGOs, national governments and the United Nations System on issues concerning governance, sustainable development and environment issues in developing countries that emerge from conflict featuring unconsolidated democracies; We analysed the case of East Timor, between 1999 and 2012, on issues related to social, gender and income inequality and a variety of global issues like climate change and poverty levels, based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The theoretical and methodological basis of this study was Melucci (1991). Notwithstanding this study is stakeholder-oriented based on inter- and transdisciplinary research, on multi-level and participatory governance theories and political philosophy, with focus on horizontal and environmental policy integration and processes as well as questions of legitimacy, accountability and sustainability based on the analysis of secondary sources (text, numbers, images, etc.) and collection of primary empirical data in the field, in 2012, for policy analysis in different contexts - a necessary step due to the fragility and often lack of reliable data and audited information. We analysed official documents and reports such key UN-resolutions, the Timor-Leste National Development Plan (NDP), the Millennium Development Goals Reports (MDGs), Human Development Reports (HDR), Evolution of the Human Development Index (HDI), scientific articles and several technical reports released by development agencies such as ABD, FAO, UNDP and others. We observed a huge discrepancy between rhetoric and practice concerning the key-actors participation as well as noticeable flaws in policy conduction at various levels. Transparency levels are incredibly low and it permeates all levels of the government. The impression one gets is that there was an interest in promoting the pacification process to enable foreign companies to extract oil at low risk, while issues related to governance, accountability and transparency were neglected. It is argued that such challenges were less a matter of rules and regulations then basic approaches, attitudes and power relations. It is possible that these key-actors, in general, did not succeed in find ways to change their approach during the years of stabilization; with little or no progress on issues related to human development, poverty and inequality reduction. Instead of fostering the development of a viable and autonomous civil society its results have demonstrated the depletion of a model of development that on one hand was efficient on the pacification process while on the other hand have failed in the promotion of opportunities, governance and sustainable development. Finally, we conclude that socioeconomic peculiarities and policies adopted in developing countries that emerge from serious conflicts should not be seeing as specific procedural and institutional factors replicable from stabilized societies, it is necessary to draw up a better database and a set of analysis tools based on the peculiar conditions of developing countries emerging from different forms of conflict focusing on mechanisms that promote good governance, transparency and accountability. As final considerations, to support Timor-Leste’s sustainable development policies, we point out the need to relativize the implementation of criteria considered necessary for good governance, establish a hierarchy over time and across priorities in development programs and projects, which must be guided by the specificities of particular contexts. This research contributed to the debate on the influence of NGOs, national governments and the United Nations System on issues concerning governance, sustainable development and environmental related issues in developing countries that emerge from conflict featuring unconsolidated democracies; We analysed the case of East Timor, between 1999 and 2012, on issues related to social, gender and income inequality and a variety of global issues like climate change and poverty levels, based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The theoretical and methodological basis of this study was Melucci (1992). This study is stakeholder-oriented based on inter- and transdisciplinary research, on multi-level and participatory governance theories and political philosophy, with focus on horizontal and environmental policy integration and processes as well as questions of legitimacy, accountability and sustainability. based on the analysis of secondary sources (text, numbers, images, etc.) and collection of primary empirical data in the field, in 2012, for policy analysis in different contexts - a necessary step due to the fragility and often lack of reliable data and audited information. We analysed official documents and reports such key UN-resolutions, the Timor-Leste National Development Plan (NDP), the Millennium Development Goals Reports (MDGs), Human Development Reports (HDR), Evolution of the Human Development Index (HDI), scientific articles and several technical reports released by development agencies such as ABD, FAO, UNDP and others. We observed a huge discrepancy between rhetoric and practice concerning the key-actors participation as well as noticeable flaws in policy conduction at various levels. Corruption levels are high and permeates all levels of the government. The impression one gets is that there was an interest in promoting the pacification process to enable oil companies to extract oil at low risk, while issues related to governance, accountability and transparency were neglected. It is argued that such challenges were less a matter of rules and regulations then basic approaches, attitudes and power relations. It is possible that these key-actors, in general, have not changed their approach during the years of stabilization; with little or no progress on issues related to human development, poverty and inequality reduction. Instead of fostering the development of a viable and autonomous civil society its results have demonstrated the depletion of a model of development that on one hand was efficient on the pacification procces but that on the other hand have failed in the promotion of opportunities, governance and sustainable development. Finally, we conclude that socioeconomic peculiarities and policies adopted in developing countries that emerge from serious conflicts should not be seing as specific procedural and institutional factors replicable from stabilized societies, it is necessary to draw up a better database and a set of analysis tools based on the peculiar conditions of developing countries emerging from different forms of conflict focusing on mechanisms that promote good governance, transparency and accountability. As final considerations, to support Timor-Lestes´s sustainable development policies, we point out the need to relativize the implementation of criteria considered necessary for good governance, establish a hierarchy over time and across priorities in development programs and projects, which must be guided by the specificities of particular contexts.
O tema desta tese - "Desigualdade, pobreza e governança: uma agenda para Timor-Leste" - decorre do interesse em avaliar a influência de atores-chave - ONGs, governos nacionais e do Sistema das Nações Unidas - no desenvolvimento de políticas, em países em desenvolvimento que emergem de conflitos graves; em particular, procurar soluções para lidar com o problema de como avaliar políticas de governança, e trajetórias de desenvolvimento em países sem base de dados confiáveis e estruturados. Esta pesquisa buscou contribuir para o debate sobre a influência das ONGs, governos nacionais e do Sistema das Nações Unidas sobre questões relacionadas a governança, desenvolvimento sustentável e questões ambientais em países em desenvolvimento que emergem de conflitos configurando democracias não-consolidadas; Analisamos o caso de Timor-Leste entre 1999 e 2012 com relação a questões socioeconômicas, desigualdade de gênero de renda e uma variedade de questões globais como mudanças climáticas e níveis de pobreza, com base nos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM). A base teórica e metodológica deste estudo foi Melucci (1991). Entretanto, este estudo é "stakeholder-orientado", baseado em investigação interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar, em multi-nível com base em teorias de governança participativa e filosofia política, com foco na integração horizontal de processos de ordem política e ambiental, bem como questões de legitimidade, prestação de contas e sustentabilidade com base na análise de fontes secundárias (texto, números, imagens, etc.) e de recolha de dados empíricos primárias no campo em Timor-Leste, em 2012, para a análise de políticas em diferentes contextos - um passo necessário devido à fragilidade e muitas vezes a falta de dados confiáveis e informações auditadas. Foram analisados documentos oficiais e relatórios-chaves baseados em resoluções da ONU, o Plano de Timor-Leste Desenvolvimento Nacional (PDN), os Relatórios sobre os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM), Relatórios de Desenvolvimento Humano (HDR), Evolução do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), artigos científicos e vários relatórios técnicos divulgados por agências de desenvolvimento, como a ABD, FAO, PNUD e outros. Foi observado uma enorme discrepância entre a retórica e a prática relativa à participação atores-chave, bem como falhas visíveis na condução política em vários níveis. Os níveis de transparência são reduzidos e, isso permeia todas as áreas do governo. A impressão que se tem é que houve interesse em promover o processo de pacificação para permitir que as companhias estrangeiras pudessem extrair petróleo com baixo risco, enquanto que as questões relacionadas à governança, à responsabilidade e à transparência foram negligenciadas. Argumenta-se que esses desafios foram menos uma questão de regras e regulamentos do que abordagens básicas, atitudes e relações de poder. É possível que estes atores-chave, em geral, não tenham conseguido mudar suas abordagens durante os anos de estabilização, com rarefeito progresso em questões relacionadas com o desenvolvimento humano, e a redução da pobreza e desigualdade. Ao invés de fomentar o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade civil viável e autônoma, os resultados têm demonstrado o esgotamento de um modelo de desenvolvimento que, se por um lado eficiente na pacificação falhou na promoção de oportunidades, governança e desenvolvimento sustentável. Por fim, concluímos que peculiaridades socioeconômicas e políticas adotadas em países em desenvolvimento, que emergem de conflitos graves, não devem ser vistas como fatores processuais e institucionais replicáveis de sociedades estabilizadas, é necessário elaborar uma melhor base de dados e um conjunto de ferramentas de análise com base nas condições peculiares dos países em desenvolvimento que emergem de diferentes formas de conflito com foco em mecanismos que promovam a boa governança, transparência e prestação de contas. Como considerações finais, para apoiar políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável em Timor-Leste e em países similares, destacamos a necessidade de relativizar a implementação de critérios considerados necessários para a boa governança, estabelecer uma hierarquia ao longo do tempo, em função das prioridades, em programas e projetos de desenvolvimento, que devem ser guiados pelas especificidades de contextos particulares. Esta pesquisa contribuiu para o debate sobre a influência das ONGs, governos nacionais e do Sistema das Nações Unidas sobre questões relacionadas a governança, desenvolvimento sustentável e questões ambientais em países em desenvolvimento que emergem de conflitos configurando democracias não-consolidadas; Analisamos o caso de Timor Leste entre 1999 e 2012 com relação a questões socioeconômicas, desigualdade de gênero de renda e uma variedade de questões globais como mudanças climáticas e níveis de pobreza, com base nos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM). A base teórica e metodológica deste estudo foi Melucci (1992). Entretanto, este estudo é "stakeholder-orientado",baseado em investigação interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar, em multi-nível com base em teorias de governança participativa e filosofia política, com foco na integração horizontal de processos de ordem política e ambiental, bem como questões de legitimidade, prestação de contas e sustentabilidade. com base na análise de fontes secundárias (texto, números, imagens, etc.) e de recolha de dados empíricos primárias no campo em Timor-Leste, em 2012, para a análise de políticas em diferentes contextos - um passo necessário devido à fragilidade e muitas vezes a falta de dados confiáveis e informações auditadas. Foram analisados ​documentos oficiais e relatórios-chaves baseados em resoluções da ONU, o Plano de Timor-Leste Desenvolvimento Nacional (PDN), os Relatórios sobre os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM), Relatórios de Desenvolvimento Humano (HDR), Evolução do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), artigos científicos e vários relatórios técnicos divulgados por agências de desenvolvimento, como a ABD, FAO, PNUD e outros. Foi observado uma enorme discrepância entre a retórica e a prática relativa à participação atores-chave, bem como falhas visíveis na condução política em vários níveis. Os níveis de corrupção são elevados e permeia todas as áreas do governo. A impressão que se tem é que houve interesse em promover o processo de pacificação para permitir que as companhias petrolíferas pudessem extrair petróleo com baixo risco, enquanto que as questões relacionadas à governança, à responsabilidade e à transparência foram negligenciadas. Argumenta-se que esses desafios foram menos uma questão de regras e regulamentos do que abordagens básicas, atitudes e relações de poder. É possível que estes atores-chave, em geral, não tenham mudado sua abordagem durante os anos de estabilização; com pouco ou nenhum progresso em questões relacionadas com o desenvolvimento humano, a pobreza e a redução da desigualdade. Ao invés de fomentar o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade civil viável e autônoma, os resultados têm demonstrado o esgotamento de um modelo de desenvolvimento que, se por um lado eficiente na pacificação falhou na promoção de oportunidades, governança e desenvolvimento sustentável. Por fim, concluímos que peculiaridades socioeconômicas e políticas adotadas em países em desenvolvimento que emergem de conflitos graves não devem ser vistas como fatores processuais e institucionais replicáveis de sociedades estabilizadas, é necessário elaborar uma melhor base de dados e um conjunto de ferramentas de análise com base nas condições peculiares dos países em desenvolvimento que emergem de diferentes formas de conflito com foco em mecanismos que promovam a boa governança, transparência e prestação de contas. Como considerações finais, para apoiar políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável em Timor-Leste, destacamos a necessidade de relativizar a implementação de critérios considerados necessários para a boa governança, estabelecer uma hierarquia ao longo do tempo, em função das prioridades, em programas e projetos de desenvolvimento, que devem ser guiados pelas especificidades da contextos particulares.

Topics on the theoretical and practical foundations of data management, primarily in transport, are presented. They are devoted to the basic concepts and definitions, the history of development, and the basics of data management in transport systems. The main methods and models of data management are presented. The issues of data management in the systems of various types of transport: water, rail, road, air, pipeline, as well as specialized and non-traditional ones are considered. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For training University and College students in specialties involving the study of disciplines related to data management in information and transport systems.

Audition is the ability to sense and interpret pressure waves within a range of frequencies. The system tries to solve the what and where tasks: what is the sound source (interpretation), and where is it (location)? Auditory environments vary in the number and location of sound sources, their level and in the degree of reverberation, yet biological systems have robust techniques that work over a large range of conditions. We briefly review the auditory system, including the auditory brainstem and mid-brain major components, attempting to connect its structure with the problems to be solved: locating some sounds, and interpreting important ones. Systems using knowledge of animal auditory processing are discussed, including both CPU-based and Neuromorphic approaches, starting from the auditory filterbank, and including silicon cochleae: feature (auditory landmark) based systems are considered. The level of performance associated with animal auditory systems has not been achieved, and we discuss ways forward.

AbstractCompositional methods are central to the development and verification of software systems. They allow breaking down large systems into smaller components, while enabling reasoning about the behaviour of the composed system. For concurrent and communicating systems, compositional techniques based on behavioural type systems have received much attention. By abstracting communication protocols as types, these type systems can statically check that programs interact with channels according to a certain protocol, whether the intended messages are exchanged in a certain order. In this paper, we put on our coalgebraic spectacles to investigate session types, a widely studied class of behavioural type systems. We provide a syntax-free description of session-based concurrency as states of coalgebras. As a result, we rediscover type equivalence, duality, and subtyping relations in terms of canonical coinductive presentations. In turn, this coinductive presentation makes it possible to elegantly derive a decidable type system with subtyping for $$\pi $$ π -calculus processes, in which the states of a coalgebra will serve as channel protocols. Going full circle, we exhibit a coalgebra structure on an existing session type system, and show that the relations and type system resulting from our coalgebraic perspective agree with the existing ones.

In this research the technology of complex Markov chains, i.e. Markov chains with a memory is applied to forecast financial time-series. The main distinction of complex or high-order Markov chains [1] and simple first-order ones is the existing of after effect or memory. The high-order Markov chains can be simplified to first-order ones by generalizing the states in Markov chains. Considering the “generalized state” as the sequence of states makes a possibility to model high-order Markov chains like first-order ones. The adaptive method of defining the states is proposed, it is concerned with the statistic properties of price returns [2]. According to the fundamental principles of quantum measurement theories, the measurement procedure impacts not only on the result of the measurement, but also on the state of the measured system, and the behaviour of this system in the future remains undefined, despite of the precision of the measurement. This statement, in our opinion, is general and is true not only for physical systems, but to any complex systems [3].

As an emerging field, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has a myriad of security vulnerabilities that must be addressed to protect system integrity. To stay ahead of novel attacks, cybersecurity professionals are developing new software and systems using machine learning techniques. Neural network architectures improve such systems, including Intrusion Detection System (IDSs), by implementing anomaly detection, which differentiates benign data packets from malicious ones. For an IDS to best predict anomalies, the model is trained on data that is typically pre-processed through normalization and feature selection/reduction. These pre-processing techniques play an important role in training a neural network to optimize its performance. This research studies the impact of applying normalization techniques as a pre-processing step to learning, as used by the IDSs. The impacts of pre-processing techniques play an important role in training neural networks to optimize its performance. This report proposes a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model with two hidden layers for IDS architecture and compares two commonly used normalization pre-processing techniques. Our findings are evaluated using accuracy, Area Under Curve (AUC), Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC), F-1 Score, and loss. The experimentations demonstrate that Z-Score outperforms no-normalization and the use of Min-Max normalization.

In this paper, the possibilities of using augmented reality technology are analyzed and the software model of the solar system model is created. The analysis of the available software products modeling the solar system is carried out. The developed software application demonstrates the behavior of solar system objects in detail with augmented reality technology. In addition to the interactive 3D model, you can explore each planet visually as well as informatively – by reading the description of each object, its main characteristics, and interesting facts. The model has two main views: Augmented Reality and 3D. Real-world object parameters were used to create the 3D models, using the basic ones – the correct proportions in the size and velocity of the objects and the shapes and distances between the orbits of the celestial bodies.

The research is based on the statement that retina produces the proper level of electrical activity, sourcing visual system. I started the research with partial darkening of different parts of the visual fields of humans to register possible psychological and physiological changes. The tested showed dramatically increasing variability and number of changes within just four exact types of darkening. More, emotional and physiological aspects of those changes were polarized into general acceptance and general rejection of a certain type of darkening in most of the individual tests. Thus the tested formed two opposite groups within every one of those types of darkening: a group with general negative reactions and a group with general positive ones. Further, those types of darkening turned out combined in pairs. General tune of reactions of most of the tested changed to strictly reverse within a pair of upper-lower types of darkening of peripheral vision and outer-inner ones as well. Between the pairs of types of darkening, there was no correspondence. The tested showed stability of their reactions during at least several months. Thus I may state a possibility of existence in the visual system of humans of two independent neuropsychological structures both having two alternative modes of functioning with a stable preference of just one of them in every individual case. If it is true, there may be a vision-based typology.

The value added tax (VAT) is supposed to be a tax on consumption that achieves greater economic efficiency than alternative indirect taxes. It is also meant to facilitate enforcement through the ‘self-enforcing mechanism’ – based on opposed incentives for buyers and sellers, and because of the paper trail it creates. Being a rather sophisticated tax, however, the VAT is complex to administer and costly to comply with, especially in lower-income countries. This paper takes a closer look at how the VAT system functions in practice in Rwanda. Using a mixed-methods approach, which combines qualitative information from focus group discussions with the analysis of administrative and survey data, we document and explain a number of surprising inconsistencies in the filing behaviour of VAT-remitting firms, which lead to suboptimal usage of electronic billing machines, as well as failure to claim legitimate VAT credits. The consequence of these inconsistencies is twofold. It makes it difficult for the Rwanda Revenue Authority to exploit its VAT data to the fullest, and leads to firms, particularly smaller ones, bearing a higher VAT burden than larger ones. There are several explanations for these inconsistencies. They appear to lie in a combination of taxpayer confusion, fear of audit, and constraints in administrative capacity.

Four different classroom observation instruments—from the Service Delivery Indicators, the Stallings Observation System, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, and the Teach classroom observation instrument—were implemented in about 100 schools across four regions of Tanzania. The research design is such that various combinations of tools were administered to various combinations of teachers, so these data can be used to explore the commonalities and differences in the behaviors and practices captured by each tool, the internal properties of the tools (for example, how stable they are across enumerators, or how various indicators relate to one another), and how variables collected by the various tools compare to each other. Analysis shows that inter-rater reliability can be low, especially for some of the subjective ratings; principal components analysis suggests that lower-level constructs do not map neatly to predetermined higher-level ones and suggest that the data have only a few dimensions. Measures collected during teacher observations are associated with student test scores, but patterns differ for teachers with lower versus higher subject content knowledge.

The development of the information society and technological progress are significantly influenced by the learning tools. Therefore, to the variety of tools that could be used to support the study of any discipline new ones emerging lately are continuously being added. Along with the great deal of systems of computer mathematics (SCM), web-oriented versions of SCM mathematical applications and other math learning tools the cloud-based versions of mathematical software such as MapleNet, MATLAB web-server, WebMathematica and others are now being used. These tools accomplishment becomes the essential part of training mathematics teachers. Domestic and foreign experiences of using cloud services for forming professional competences of mathematics teachers are analyzed. The place of the CoCalc within the system of mathematical disciplines learning tools is investigated. The task of improving the math teachers’ ICT competence by means of cloud services use in the process of training is considered. Among the new forms of learning rising along with the cloud services dissemination are such as collaborative learning, inquiry-based learning, person-oriented learning. At the same time, the use of the appropriate cloud service in the study of some mathematical discipline improves the assimilation of the learning material and improves the knowledge acquisition process on most topics. The analysis of current research of Ukrainian scientists on the problem in question shows that the progress is underway as for further elaboration and implementation of new learning methods and techniques of using cloud services in the higher education institutions.

The article is devoted to substandard elements which are considered as one of the components in the system of urban forms of communication. The Object of our research is substandard vocabulary, the Subject is structural characteristics of the modern city language, the Purpose of the study is to define the main types of substandard vocabulary and their role in the system of urban communication. The theoretical base of our research includes the scientific works of native and foreign linguists, which are devoted to urban linguistics (B. Larin, M. Makovskyi, V. Labov, T. Yerofeieva, L. Pederson, R. McDavid, O. Horbach, L. Stavytska, Y. Stepanov, S. Martos). Different lexical and phraseological units, taken from the Ukrainian, Russian and American Dictionaries of slang and jargon, serve as the material of our research. The main components of the city language include literary language, territorial dialects, different intermediate transitional types, which are used in the colloquial everyday communication but do not have territorial limited character, and social dialects. The structural characteristics, proposed in the article, demonstrate the variety and correlation of different subsystems of the city language. Today peripheral elements play the main role in the city communication. They are also called substandard, non-codified, marginal, non-literary elements or the jargon styles of communication. Among substandard elements of the city language the most important are social dialects, which include such subsystems as argot, jargon and slang. The origin, functioning and characteristics of each subsystem are studied on the material of linguistic literature of different countries. It is also ascertained that argot is the oldest form of sociolects, jargon divides into corporative and professional ones, in the structure of slangy words there are common and special slang. Besides, we can speak about sociolectosentrism of the native linguistics and linguemosentrism of the English tradition of slang nomination. Except social dialects, the important structural elements of the city language are also intermediate transitional types, which include koine, colloquialisms, interdialect, surzhyk, pidgin and creole. Surzhyk can be attributed to the same type of language formations as pidgin and creole because these types of oral speech were created mostly by means of the units mixing of the obtruded language of the parent state with the elements of the native languages.

One of the well-known results of the theory of management is the fact, that multi-stage hierarchical organization of management is unstable. Hence, the ideas expressed in a number of works by Don Tapscott on advantages of network organization of businesses over vertically integrated ones is clear. While studying the basic tendencies of business organization in the conditions of globalization, computerization and internetization of the society and the results of the financial activities of the well-known companies, the authors arrive at the conclusion, that such companies, as IBM, Boeing, Mercedes-Benz and some others companies have not been engaged in their traditional business for a long time. Their partner networks performs this function instead of them. The companies themselves perform the function of system integrators. The Tapscott’s idea finds its confirmation within the framework of a new powerful direction of the development of the modern interdisciplinary science – the theory of the complex networks (CN) [2]. CN-s are multifractal objects, the loss of multifractality being the indicator of the system transition from more complex state into more simple state. We tested the multifractal properties of the data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach in order to analyze scaling properties of our company. Comparative analysis of the singularity spectrumf(®), namely, the difference between maximum and minimum values of ® (∆ = ®max ¡ ®min) shows that IBM company is considerably more fractal in comparison with Apple Computer. Really, for it the value of ∆ is equal to 0.3, while for the vertically integrated company Apple it only makes 0.06 – 5 times less. The comparison of other companies shows that this dependence is of general character. Taking into consideration the fact that network organization of business has become dominant in the last 5-10 years, we carried out research for the selected companies in the earliest possible period of time which was determined by the availability of data in the Internet, or by historically later beginning of stock trade of computer companies. A singularity spectrum of the first group of companies turned out to be considerably narrower, or shifted toward the smaller values of ® in the pre-network period. The latter means that dynamic series were antipersistant. That is, these companies‘ management was rigidly controlled while the impact of market mechanisms was minimized. In the second group of companies if even the situation did changed it did not change for the better. In addition, we discuss applications to the construction of portfolios of stock that have a stable ratio of risk to return.

The article discusses the theory and methods of simulation training, its significance in the context of training specialists for areas where the lack of primary qualification is critical. The most widespread hardware and software solutions for the organization welders' simulation training that use VR- and AR- technologies have been analyzed. A review of the technological infrastructure and software tools for the virtual teaching-and-production laboratory of electric welding has been made on the example of the achievements of Fronius, MIMBUS, Seabery. The features of creating a virtual simulation of the welding process using modern equipment based on studies of the behavioral reactions of the welder have been shown. It is found the simulators allow not only training, but also one can build neuro-fuzzy logic and design automated and robotized welding systems. The functioning peculiarities of welding's simulators with AR have been revealed. It is shown they make it possible to ensure the forming basic qualities of a future specialist, such as concentration, accuracy and agility. The psychological and technical aspects of the coaching programs for the training and retraining of qualified welders have been illustrated. The conclusions about the significant advantages of VR- and AR-technologies in comparison with traditional ones have been made. Possible directions of the development of simulation training for welders have been revealed. Among them the AR-technologies have been presented as such that gaining wide popularity as allow to realize the idea of mass training in basic professional skills.