Relevant bibliographies by topics / Online toxicity

Academic literature on the topic 'Online toxicity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Online toxicity"

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Lashkarashvili, Nineli, and Magda Tsintsadze. "Toxicity detection in online Georgian discussions." International Journal of Information Management Data Insights 2, no. 1 (April 2022): 100062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100062.

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&NA;. "Online self-reporting to monitor chemotherapy toxicity." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1182 (December 2007): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711820-00009.

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Lobo, Paula Reyero, Enrico Daga, and Harith Alani. "Supporting Online Toxicity Detection with Knowledge Graphs." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 16 (May 31, 2022): 1414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19398.

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Due to the rise in toxic speech on social media and other online platforms, there is a growing need for systems that could automatically flag or filter such content. Various supervised machine learning approaches have been proposed, trained from manually-annotated toxic speech corpora. However, annotators sometimes struggle to judge or to agree on which text is toxic and which group is being targeted in a given text. This could be due to bias, subjectivity, or unfamiliarity with used terminology (e.g. domain language, slang). In this paper, we propose the use of a knowledge graph to help in better understanding such toxic speech annotation issues. Our empirical results show that 3% in a sample of 19k texts mention terms associated with frequently attacked gender and sexual orientation groups that were not correctly identified by the annotators.
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Salminen, Joni, Sercan Sengün, Juan Corporan, Soon-gyo Jung, and Bernard J. Jansen. "Topic-driven toxicity: Exploring the relationship between online toxicity and news topics." PLOS ONE 15, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): e0228723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228723.

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Goyal, Nitesh, Ian D. Kivlichan, Rachel Rosen, and Lucy Vasserman. "Is Your Toxicity My Toxicity? Exploring the Impact of Rater Identity on Toxicity Annotation." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555088.

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Machine learning models are commonly used to detect toxicity in online conversations. These models are trained on datasets annotated by human raters. We explore how raters' self-described identities impact how they annotate toxicity in online comments. We first define the concept of Specialized Rater Pools: rater pools formed based on raters' self-described identities, rather than at random. We formed three such rater pools for this study - specialized rater pools of raters from the U.S. who identify as African American, LGBTQ, and those who identify as neither. Each of these rater pools annotated the same set of comments, which contains many references to these identity groups. We found that rater identity is a statistically significant factor in how raters will annotate toxicity for identity-related annotations. Using preliminary content analysis, we examined the comments with the most disagreement between rater pools and found nuanced differences in the toxicity annotations. Next, we trained models on the annotations from each of the different rater pools, and compared the scores of these models on comments from several test sets. Finally, we discuss how using raters that self-identify with the subjects of comments can create more inclusive machine learning models, and provide more nuanced ratings than those by random raters.
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Machová, Kristína, Marian Mach, and Matej Vasilko. "Recognition of Toxicity of Reviews in Online Discussions." Acta Polytechnica Hungarica 19, no. 4 (2022): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12700/aph.19.4.2022.4.1.

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Brown, A. "Kidney Toxicity Related to Herbs and Dietary Supplements: Online Table of Kidney Toxicity Cases." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 116, no. 9 (September 2016): A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.300.

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Chong, Yun Yu, and Haewoon Kwak. "Understanding Toxicity Triggers on Reddit in the Context of Singapore." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 16 (May 31, 2022): 1383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19392.

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While the contagious nature of online toxicity sparked increasing interest in its early detection and prevention, most of the literature focuses on the Western world. In this work, we demonstrate that 1) it is possible to detect toxicity triggers in an Asian online community, and 2) toxicity triggers can be strikingly different between Western and Eastern contexts.
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Basch, Ethan, David Artz, Dorothy Dulko, Kevin Scher, Paul Sabbatini, Martee Hensley, Nandita Mitra, John Speakman, Mary McCabe, and Deborah Schrag. "Patient Online Self-Reporting of Toxicity Symptoms During Chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 15 (May 20, 2005): 3552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.04.275.

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Purpose Tracking symptoms related to treatment toxicity is standard practice in routine care and during clinical trials. Currently, clinicians collect symptom information via complex and often inefficient mechanisms, but there is growing interest in collecting outcome information directly from patients. Patients and Methods The National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events schema for seven common symptoms was adapted into a Web-based patient-reporting system, accessible from desktop computers in outpatient clinics and from home computers. Eighty patients with gynecologic malignancies beginning standard chemotherapy regimens were enrolled between April and September 2004. During an 8-week observation period, participants were encouraged to log in and report symptoms at each follow-up visit, or alternatively, to access the system from home. Results All patients completed an initial log in. At each subsequent appointment, most enrollees (80% to 85%) reported symptoms using the online system, with a mean of three follow-up visits per patient during the observation period (range, one to six). Sixty of 80 patients (75%) logged in at least once from home. Use was significantly associated with prior Internet experience. Forty-two severe toxicities (grade 3 to 4) entered from home prompted seven clinician interventions. Most patients (96%) found the system useful and would recommend it to others. Conclusion Patients are capable of reporting symptoms experienced during chemotherapy using a Web-based interface. Assessment in the clinical trial setting and comparison of direct patient- versus clinician-based approaches for reporting symptoms and their severity are warranted.
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Basch, E. M., D. Dulko, D. Artz, K. Scher, P. Sabbatini, M. Hensley, N. Mitra, J. Speakman, M. McCabe, and D. Schrag. "Patient online self-reporting of toxicity symptoms during chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 16_suppl (June 2005): 6025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6025.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Online toxicity"

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Melin, Ruben. "Pushing buttons: an ethnographic interview study on toxicity in online gaming cultures." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för genusvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444218.

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The purpose of this study is to research toxicity through how it was understood, experienced, and described by game enthusiasts. The toxicity described is further explored through theories of cultural and symbolic domination and through feminist game studies and the lens of masculinity theory. I have thus looked at the cultural fields of online gaming as social domains sometimes structured by hierarchies, where subjects may be positioned in relation to one another by virtue of norms, their identities, habitus, symbolic capital and through (more or less symbolic) violence.  The study is based on semi-structured interviews with six gaming enthusiasts who are about twenty to forty years old, five identifying as men and one identifying as a woman. Interpretation has been conducted through a thematic and discourse analytically inspired method, and through the theoretical framework primarily consisting of Bourdieu´s (developed) theoretical concepts of fields, capital, habitus and symbolic violence, combined with Iris Marion Young’s theory of cultural dominance and social constructionist theories on masculinity. The study shows how subjects may make sense of online gaming as a social arena often associated to online violence and discrimination, and how this can be further analysed from a gender studies perspective.
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Laumann, William. "'You cannot mute that someone walks under a turret and dies': : Exploring League of Legends-players' perception, definitions of toxicity and their effect on everyday life." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446116.

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This study explores the phenomenon of toxicity in the multiplayer online battle arenagame, League of Legends, from a player point of view. It also explores how time andspace is experienced through gaming related actions to better understand the contextualfactors. Along with that this study also aims at understanding how toxicity is perceived byplayers and how toxicity affects their everyday life in regards to time and space.A mixed phenomenological framework is applied to explore taken-for-grantedexperiences and most importantly, to understand how toxicity is perceived by the players.Along with this framework the concepts of time and space are used to analyse thepractices of everyday life, gaming practices and routines as well as to gain a betterunderstanding of how toxic behaviours in League of Legends affect everyday life.This study utilises in-depth semi-structured interviews with 13 participants togather data in the form of lived experience to better understand how toxicity is perceivedby regular players of the game. Results from this study indicate that players performpreparatory routine actions which helps establish a gaming space which alters how spaceand time is perceived. Within this space other actions are made to make space ‘feel right’.Other findings indicate that toxicity is perceived to be of different grades of seriousness,where the lowest grade consists of behaviours that are deemed as normalised and part ofthe game and the highest grade invokes feelings of hopelessness and frustration. Thisstudy claims that toxic behaviour in League of Legends does not affect everyday lifeactivities but instead can lead to intense frustration and destruction in the constructedgaming space. Finally, this thesis suggests that, due to the complexity of games, toxicityis studied along with corresponding contextual factors to be successfully explored.
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Jebadurai, Jeshoor Kumar. "Qualitative research of online drug misuse communities with reference to the novel psychoactive substances." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/11352.

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Objective: This research aimed at reviewing the information provided by the online drug misuse communities with reference to the available evidence-based literature on the novel psychoactive substances. Methodology: Among hundreds of novel psychoactive substances, four groups (phenethylamines, tryptamines, piperazines and miscellaneous) were selected for the study. Various website drug fora were identified by Google and Yahoo search engines using a set of specific key words. The methods consisted of extracting and analysing qualitative data from the identified website fora. This was also supplemented by critical reviewing the existing evidence-based literature search for each of the selected psychoactive compounds. Results: The combined search results identified 84 unique website fora from which qualitative data were extracted for thirty novel psychoactive substances and organised into technical folders. This data extracted from online communities has thrown some light on factors such as the mode of purchase, subjective experiences, reasons for use, combinations, legislation, mechanisms of action in the CNS, side effects, toxicity and its management. This would enable the clinicians to be obtain full history when assessing and would inform better treatment choices. Conclusions: A range of novel psychoactive substances have been made recently available across the globe. The sale is easily achieved through the Internet. New legislations are made to control some recreational substances whilst newer substances appear. Furthermore, the distributors sell the backlog of products even after controlling of the substance has occured and hence are liable to potentiating criminal investigations. It is here suggested as well that the 'genuinity' of each onlince susbtance is questionable. Evidence-based literature is scant for the vast majority of these substances. Accidental overdoses are common occurences and some of the potential life-threatening clinical situations include sympathomimetic toxidrome and serotonin syndrome. Benzodiazepines appear to help with agitation and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Better levels of international cooperation and rapid share of available information may be needed to tackle the emerging problem of the novel psychoactive substances.
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Books on the topic "Online toxicity"

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Sobieraj, Sarah. Credible Threat. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089283.001.0001.

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This book argues that the rampant hate-filled attacks against women online are best understood as patterned resistance to women’s political voice and visibility. This abuse and harassment coalesces into an often-unrecognized form of gender inequality that constrains women’s use of digital public spaces, much as the pervasive threat of sexual intimidation and violence constrain women’s freedom and comfort in physical public spaces. What’s more, the abuse exacerbates inequality among women, those from racial, ethnic, religious, and/or other minority groups, are disproportionately targeted. Drawing on in-depth interviews with women who have been on the receiving end of digital hate, Credible Threat shows that the onslaught of epithets and stereotypes, rape threats, and unsolicited commentary about their physical appearance and sexual desirability come at great professional, personal, and psychological costs for the women targeted—and also with underexplored societal level costs that demand attention. When effective, identity-based attacks undermine women’s contributions to public discourse, create a climate of self-censorship, and at times, push women out of digital publics altogether. Given the uneven distribution of toxicity, those women whose voices are already most underrepresented (e.g., women in male-dominated fields, those from historically undervalued groups) are particularly at risk. In the end, identity-based attacks online erode civil liberties, diminish public discourse, limit the knowledge we have to inform policy and electoral decision making, and teach all women that activism and public service are unappealing, high-risk endeavors to be avoided.
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Book chapters on the topic "Online toxicity"

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Pringle, Ramona. "Social Infrastructure: Designing for Online Civility." In Exploring the Toxicity of Lateral Violence and Microaggressions, 309–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74760-6_16.

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Marcoux, Thomas, Adewale Obadimu, and Nitin Agarwal. "Dynamics of Online Toxicity in the Asia-Pacific Region." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 80–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60470-7_9.

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Anjum and Rahul Katarya. "Analysis of Online Toxicity Detection Using Machine Learning Approaches." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 381–92. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8542-2_29.

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Lee, Matthew D. "Crowdsourcing, Communities and Social Identities: Using Citizen Science to Combat Online Toxicity." In Serious Games, 231–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45841-0_22.

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Rybinski, Maciej, William Miller, Javier Del Ser, Miren Nekane Bilbao, and José F. Aldana-Montes. "On the Design and Tuning of Machine Learning Models for Language Toxicity Classification in Online Platforms." In Intelligent Distributed Computing XII, 329–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99626-4_29.

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Rossini, Patrícia. "Beyond toxicity in the online public sphere: understanding incivility in online political talk." In A Research Agenda for Digital Politics, 160–70. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781789903096.00026.

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Rines, Olivia. "Online Community Bonds as a Method of Mitigating Toxicity in an Interactive Livestream." In Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Media Fandom, 303–22. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3323-9.ch017.

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Toxicity—aggressive, discriminatory, or hostile behavior that impacts a group or community—is a significant issue on the livestreaming platform Twitch, where a single toxic utterance can disrupt the dynamic between a streamer and their fans. This chapter examines the ways in which a female Twitch streamer combats issues of toxicity by creating and supporting a fan community that is heavily invested in her and therefore endeavors to conform to the norms and regulations of her community. Through the analysis of a single two-hour stream, this chapter considers the ways in which a streamer can balance the appearance of a close relationship with her community with a high level of moderation and regulation to resist toxic behavior and thus ensure her and her fan community's well-being and happiness.
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Schrier, Karen. "Why Should We Teach Ethics and Civics?" In We the Gamers, 19–28. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190926106.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 reviews the reasons for learning ethics and civics. Why do these skills matter and why should they be taught—now? This chapter dives into 10 reasons why ethics and civics education should be prioritized, and why it is currently lacking. It includes evidence-based research and data-driven perspectives. These reasons include the need to navigate an increasingly interconnected, global, and diverse world; the need to close the gaps in civics knowledge and skills; the fact that ethics and civics skills prepare students for success more generally; the need to navigate disinformation, trolling, and other disruptive communication; and the need to reduce hate, harassment, and toxicity, both online and offline.
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Chemaly, Soraya. "Demographics, Design, and Free Speech." In Free Speech in the Digital Age, 150–69. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190883591.003.0010.

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The toxicity of online interactions presents unprecedented challenges to traditional free speech norms. The scope and amplification properties of the internet give new dimension and power to hate speech, rape and death threats, and denigrating and reputation-destroying commentary. Social media companies and internet platforms, all of which regulate speech through moderation processes every day, walk the fine line between censorship and free speech with every decision they make, and they make millions a day. This chapter will explore how a lack of diversity in the tech industry affects the design and regulation of products and, in so doing, disproportionately negatively affects the free speech of traditionally marginalized people. During the past year there has been an explosion of research about, and public interest in, the tech industry’s persistent diversity problems. At the same time, the pervasiveness of online hate, harassment, and abuse has become evident. These problems come together on social media platforms that have institutionalized and automated the perspectives of privileged male experiences of speech and violence. The tech sector’s male dominance and the sex segregation and hierarchies of its workforce result in serious and harmful effects globally on women’s safety and free expression.
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Conference papers on the topic "Online toxicity"

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Martens, Marcus, Siqi Shen, Alexandru Iosup, and Fernando Kuipers. "Toxicity detection in multiplayer online games." In 2015 International Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games (NetGames). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netgames.2015.7382991.

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Almerekhi, Hind, Haewoon Kwak, Bernard J. Jansen, and Joni Salminen. "Detecting Toxicity Triggers in Online Discussions." In HT '19: 30th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3342220.3344933.

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Brassard-Gourdeau, Eloi, and Richard Khoury. "Subversive Toxicity Detection using Sentiment Information." In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Abusive Language Online. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-3501.

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Xenos, Alexandros, John Pavlopoulos, and Ion Androutsopoulos. "Context Sensitivity Estimation in Toxicity Detection." In Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH 2021). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.woah-1.15.

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Vassermann, Lucy. "AI Principles in Identifying Toxicity in Online Conversation." In WWW '21: The Web Conference 2021. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442442.3452307.

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Dinischiotu, Anca, Roxana Elena Cristian, and Miruna Silvia Stan. "Characterization of silicon quantum dots’ properties and kidney toxicity in mice." In 2nd International Online-Conference on Nanomaterials. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocn2020-07849.

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Dori-Hacohen, Shiri, Keen Sung, Jengyu Chou, and Julian Lustig-Gonzalez. "Restoring Healthy Online Discourse by Detecting and Reducing Controversy, Misinformation, and Toxicity Online." In SIGIR '21: The 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3464926.

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Srivastava, Saurabh, and Prerna Khurana. "Detecting Aggression and Toxicity using a Multi Dimension Capsule Network." In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Abusive Language Online. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-3517.

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Chvasta, Alyssa, Alyssa Lees, Jeffrey Sorensen, Lucy Vasserman, and Nitesh Goyal. "Lost in Distillation: A Case Study in Toxicity Modeling." In Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Online Abuse and Harms (WOAH). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.woah-1.9.

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Mall, Raghvendra, Mridul Nagpal, Joni Salminen, Hind Almerekhi, Soon-Gyo Jung, and Bernard J. Jansen. "Four Types of Toxic People: Characterizing Online Users’ Toxicity over Time." In NordiCHI '20: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3419249.3420142.

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