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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Online law'
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1
Aderam, Henry Ndejapo Tshapumba. "Consumer protection in online payment methods." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73435.
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This research focuses on online payment methods which are premised on electronic funds transfer. It is a general discourse that the use of online payment methods is risky. It is held that the fear of fraud and abuse of a payment system is at the focal point of such risk.
Banks which provide these payment systems are usually not prepared to negotiate with their prospective customers. Resultantly, banks contract out of the risk associated with online payments, specifically the liability for unauthorized electronic funds transfers. This culminates in bank’s customers bearing the majority of that risk as a result of the bank-customer contract.
Some of the laws applicable to this relationship also ascribe to the notion above. They burden bank’s customers solely with the liability of the use of their cards until notification to the bank of its theft or misuse. This shows a completed disregard of the nature of how online payment methods operate.
Such imposition of liability is excessively one-sided in favour of the banks and detrimental to the bank’s customers. Ultimately, the scope of application of the current applicable consumer protection laws is limited by factors such as non-applicability to juristic persons or limitation based on asset value for those that do. This thus denotes a large segment of online payment methods users who cannot avail themselves to measures of protection provided for by the current applicable consumer protection laws.
The research aims to avert the issues as demonstrated above, provide clarity in pursuit of equity and compliance, plus a comprehensive consumer protection approach for online payment methods users.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Carretta, Silvia A. "Blockchain challenges to copyright : Revamping the online music industry." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-173248.
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Winkler, Stephanie D. "Protecting Online Privacy." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/47.
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Online privacy has become one of the greatest concerns in the United States today. There are currently multiple stakeholders with interests in online privacy including the public, industry, and the United States government. This study examines the issues surrounding the protection of online privacy. Privacy laws in the United States are currently outdated and do little to protect online privacy. These laws are unlikely to be changed as both the government and industry have interests in keeping these privacy laws lax. To bridge the gap between the desired level of online privacy and what is provided legally users may turn to technological solutions.
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Gerstner, Christian. "Online sociological research : methods, ethics and the law." Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3823/.
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This thesis offers a comprehensive examination of the dilemmas posed by cyberspace for contemporary social research and in how far current ethical frameworks can manage the risks that may emerge in this new research environment. The study is situated in the period of 1998 to 2010, during which the social uses of rapidly converging technological tools led to the extension of the social world into a new social sphere of social interaction called cyberspace. Social scientists have been quick to explore this sphere; however, as the dominant discourses are based on ideas of newness and difference there is uncertainty over what kind of space it is, whether we can transfer existing methods and ethics and what rules apply in the conduct of research. The thesis first investigates the extent to which the technological tools and ethical dilemmas encountered in cyberspace are in fact new or different. This then necessitates a detailed engagement with the conceptualisation of cyberspace. Thereafter it closes a gap in dominant conceptualisations of cyberspace by offering insights into its legal and regulatory foundations. Next, the thesis reflects on legislation and regulations to identify emerging risks that emerge in everyday social research practice in the online environment. These risks are then used as vignettes to test current ethical guidance’s ability to manage them. The thesis argues that disciplines within the social sciences need to be continually reflexive about their encounters with new spaces, and concludes that cyberspace demands significant engagement with the difficulties posed by the rapid pace of change of technological development and regulatory and legislator foundations in order to manage risk in online social research. Thus while online research is the focus, the potential of this thesis is to offer a historical insight into the reflexivity of the discipline in particular in how successfully it encounters new spaces of/for research.
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Hasslinger, Anders, Selma Hodzic, and Claudio Opazo. "Consumer Behaviour in Online Shopping." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Health and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-4715.
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The Internet has developed into a new distribution channel and online
transactions are rapidly increasing. This has created a need to understand how
the consumer perceives online purchases.
The purpose of this dissertation was to examine if there are any particular
factors that influence the online consumer. Primary data was collected through
a survey that was conducted on students at the University of Kristianstad.
Price, Trust and Convenience were identified as important factors. Price was
considered to be the most important factor for a majority of the students.
Furthermore, three segments were identified, High Spenders, Price Easers and
Bargain Seekers. Through these segments we found a variation of the different
factors importance and established implications for online book stores.
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Mdluli, Buyile Doris. "Online Consumer Protection: an analysis of the nature and extent of online consumer protection by South African legislation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12894.
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Myers, Cheryl. "Law professors’ existential online lifeworlds: an hermeneutic phenomenological study." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35443.
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Doctor of PhilosophyCurriculum and Instruction
Thomas Vontz
This phenomenological study hermeneutically explores law professors’ felt experiences within online existential lifeworld spheres. Prose, poetry, color images, and virtual journeying provide descriptive and interpretive text suggesting expansion of Gadamer’s fusion of horizonal understanding. Law professors who teach asynchronously online selected five color images from pixabay.com corresponding with the five universal existential themes: body, space, time, relationships and material things/technology (van Manen, 2014) as catalysts to conversationally explore what it feels like to transition from classroom to online instruction. Multiple phenomenological, artistic, and scientific theories prismatically amplify and explain the study’s design: Gadamer’s hermeneutical circle of understanding (1960/2006), Termes six-point spherical perspective (2016), Einstein’s closed yet unbounded universe (Egdall, 2014), and Seamon’s concept of “at homeness” (2012). Dialogical understanding of Self and Other(s) through Gadamer’s call for festival and serious play (1960/2006) is activated: The reader is invited to interact with the study text through visual and auditory web experiences. Researcher’s hermeneutic and existential retelling of the professors’ conversations begins to unfold metaphorically around a table within a virtual forest. When researcher’s previously bracketed-away prejudice for incorporating synchronous modalities into online learning erupts, professors’ longing felt for classroom home actualizes and ultimately emerges as a sixth existential dimension proposed by the researcher. A culminating journey through virtual desert in search of online home continues the retelling and metaphorically incorporates all six existential themes. Dramatic changes in researcher’s lifeworld view, ways of knowing and being, self view, self action and pedagogical development as a result of conducting the study are summarized. Future research is implicated including exploration of professors’ existentially felt experiences while teaching synchronously online and deep-mining professorial empathy toward students. Factors that impinge on all law professors’ transitioning to online instruction contextually anchor the study: 1) Legal pedagogy’s evolution from 18th Century professional skills training through the late 19th Century intrusion of legal doctrine instruction, and 20th Century paralegal skills training; 2) The American Bar Association’s 21st century mandates for graduating students with both legal skills and legal doctrine training; 3) 21st Century pedagogical Immutables (teaching online, teaching legal job skills, teaching legal doctrine, teaching to standardized tests); and 4) 21st Century Protean Challenges (institution and student demand for technology-based instruction, the Global Legal Services Industry’s hierarchical control over legal education and practice, enrollment and tuition crises, multi-cultural limitations, and the pedagogical conundrum of choosing among multiple online design and delivery modalities).
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Burns, Christine Vanda Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Online legal services - a revolution that failed?" Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32468.
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In the late 1990s a number of law firms and other organisations began to market online products which "package" legal knowledge. Unlike spreadsheets, word processing software and email, these products are not designed to provide efficiency improvements. Rather, online legal knowledge products, which package and apply the law, were and are viewed by many as having the potential to make major changes to legal practice. Many used the term &quitrevolution" to describe the anticipated impact. Like any new technology development, many intersecting factors contributed to their development. In many ways they built on existing uses of technology in legal practice. The various information technology paradigms which underpin them - text retrieval, expert systems/artificial intelligence, document automation, computer aided instruction (CAI) and hypertext - were already a part of the "computerisation of law". What is new about online legal knowledge products is that as well as using technology paradigms such as expert systems or document automation to package and apply the law, they are developed using browser-based technologies. In this way they leverage the comparative ease of development and distribution capabilities of the Internet (and/or intranets). There has been particular interest in the impact of online legal knowledge products on the legal services provided to large commercial organisations. With the increasing burden of corporate compliance, expanding role of the in-house lawyer and pressure to curb costs, online legal knowledge products should flourish in commercial organisations and many have been adamant that they will. However, there is no convincing evidence that anything like a "revolution" has taken place. Success stories are few and far between. Surprisingly few have asked whether this "revolution" has failed, or seriously analysed whether it lies ahead. If it does lie ahead, what factors, if any, need to taken into account in order for it to take place? If there is to be no revolution, what value should be placed on online legal knowledge products? In this dissertation I use the findings of my own empirical work, supported by a literature survey, to demonstrate that the impact of online legal knowledge products has been modest. I argue that in order to build successful online legal knowledge products it is necessary to appreciate that a complex system of interacting factors underpins their development and use,and address those factors. I propose a schematic representation of the relationships involved in producing an online legal knowledge product and use the findings of some empirical work, together with a review the literature in related fields, to identify the factors relevant to the various components of this framework. While there are many interacting factors at play, four sets of considerations emerge from my research as particularly important: integrating different technology paradigms, knowledge acquisition, usability, and implementation. As a practical matter, the implication of these findings is that some online legal knowledge products are more likely to be successful than others, and that there are other technology applications that may represent a better investment of the limited in-house technology budget than many online legal knowledge products. I also argue that while most of the challenges involved in integrating different technology paradigms, improving usability, and effective implementation can be addressed with varying levels of effort, the problem of the knowledge acquisition bottleneck is intractable. New approaches to knowledge acquisition are required to overcome the knowledge acquisition bottleneck. I identify some potential approaches that emerge from my research: automation, collaboration and coalition, phasing and simple solutions.
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Kohl, Uta, and n/a. "An analytical framework on regulatory competence over online activity." University of Canberra. Law, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050509.105817.
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This thesis examines the application of traditional jurisdictional doctrines to
online activity. It analyses not only to what extent, and why, the Internet
challenges existing principles allocating regulatory competence, but the
factors which shape, and must shape, the regulatory responses to these
challenges, in an attempt to create an analytical framework within which the
search for viable solutions can begin.
The overarching argument made in this thesis is that the keys to viable future
Internet regulation are deeply embedded in past and present regulation and
that we cannot simply look for the most efficient legal solutions, regardless of
how they fit within existing laws. This would be inconsistent with the law's
basic function to answer the need for certainty and predictability. Building
upon this fundamental premise, it is further argued, and shown, that an
understanding of the public law - private law dichotomy within the existing
jurisdictional framework, as well as its deeply entrenched status, is essential
for appreciating the severity of the jurisdictional problems caused by the
Internet and actual and likely regulatory responses to them. It is argued that
this explains why both sets of rules have consistently accommodated
transnational online activity differently, giving rise to different problems -
problems which ultimately touch upon fundamental legal notions, such as
formal justice, the rule of law or obedience to law which cannot but set further
outer parameters of the search for solutions to the jurisdictional problems
triggered by the Internet.
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Leung, Siu Cheong. "Building trust and confidence in online dispute resolution." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b20833787a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005.Title from title screen (viewed on 27 Mar. 2006) "Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement of Master of arts in arbitration and dispute resolution." Includes bibliographical references.
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Mudau, Sipho. "The copyright protection of online user-generated content." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12935.
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Includes bibliographical references.Online social networking sites such as Facebook and YouTube allow creative works to be more easily copied and distributed. This type of content is generally referred to as user-generated content and its creation has become a major component of our daily routine. As a result, user-generated content has the potential to influence not just the nature of social interactions but methods of doing business. The advent of user-generated content poses new challenges to copyright law, the conventional medium of protecting these creative works. The global reach of the internet and the increasing ease of access thereto make infringement of original material more likely and more frequent. User-generated content is also surrounded by legal uncertainty in the areas of defamation and privacy. It is beyond the scope of this paper to deal in any depth with these issues. This dissertation will focus on the implications of user-generated content within the realm of copyright. Specifically, this paper examines whether South African copyright law, in its present state, adequately protect the rights and interests of content creators on one end and website owners and proprietors on the other. This assessment will be guided, in part, by judicial precedent and legislative policies adopted in other jurisdictions.
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Larsén, Linus. "Online dispute resolution och artificiell intelligens : en överblick." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-140686.
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Khaosaeng, Khanuengnit. "Online re-creation culture in the 21st century : the reconciliation between copyright holders, online re-creators and the public interest." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24645.
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In the online culture of the 21st century, people worldwide re-create and disseminate works by using existing works. Facilitated by the Internet and digital technologies, 'online re-creations' have become much more common, more widespread, and more sophisticated than ever before. Online re-creations are new works created based on pre-existing copyright protected materials: they are for instance fan fiction, parody, mash-up, fanvid, machinima and virtual world. Due to the difficulties to obtain authorisation from right owners of the original works, online re-creations are potentially infringing the rights of copyright holders. Infringements are usually assumed to occur despite the uncertain legal status and the various nature of online re-creation. Nevertheless copyright and online re-creations are both essential. Re-creations and their online culture are beneficial to individuals and the society at large due to the three principles i.e. creativity, freedom of speech and the public interest. This thesis finds that copyright law that should encourage creative expressions has restrained and discouraged creative re-creations. Besides, the existing copyright exceptions are insufficient and ineffective to safeguard the rights of the re-creators and the interest of the public in accessing and reworking from copyright protected works. It is therefore vital to reconcile the conflicting interests: the exclusive rights of the copyright owners, the rights of re-creators and the interest of the public. To achieve a fair and reasonable balance between the conflicting rights and interests, this thesis proposes that everyone should have a right to use existing works in making creative re-use of such works without infringing copyright. The 'right to re-create' will be granted to the person whose re-creation meets all specified criteria.
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Shiu, Lawrence Mateo. "Can arbitration resolve disputes arising from online activity? online auctions and other related activities /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b23454325a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2008."Submitted to School of Law in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 1, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Naicker, Prian. "Adoption of online legal services by law firms in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64893.
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The legal profession is in the midst of a disruption that has been ignited by technology
and fanned by legal entrepreneurs. The fate of todays law firms, lie in their ability to
escape from the confines of the Òpractical artÓ that has existed for centuries. Conflicted
by the trade-off between efficiency and revenue generation, the jury is still out on the
adoption of online legal services by law firms.
Academics have not paid much attention into low innovation industries. The legal
industry is one such industry that is relatively understudied from a technology adoption
perspective. This research study used the technology-organisation-environment (TOE)
framework to identify six factors which were posited to influence the adoption of online
legal services within the legal industry in South Africa.
Data collected from an online survey targeted at lawyers currently employed or
associated with law firms operating in South Africa yielded a total of 120 usable
responses. The study found perceived compatibility to be the only adoption factor
which significantly influences the adoption of online legal services in South Africa.
The versatility of the TOE framework was demonstrated by its ability to understand
technology adoption in a new context. The study concluded that the TOE framework
can be improved upon if it took into account the maturity level of the technology being
studied. The findings are positioned to help practitioners gain a better understanding of
the state of online legal services adoption in South Africa and the offers practical
suggestions on how law firms can survive in a virtual world in demand of commoditised
legal services.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
nk2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
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Bigelow, Robert W. "Perception of Online Legal Education among Recently Retired Law School Faculty." Thesis, Capella University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10680562.
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Within some areas of traditional legal education there has been discussion of and advocacy for greater acceptance and integration of online technology. This study addresses the enormous gap in the legal literature concerning perceptions of online legal education and adds to the robust body of literature concerning perceptions of online education in general, with a focus on a specific type of institution: law school. This qualitative exploratory study involved the collection and analysis of perceptions among 15 recently retired full-time faculty members from traditional brick-and-mortar law schools regarding online legal education. Through a process of examination and coding, this research identified and clarified topics and patterns in the data. Perceived benefits of online learning in law school included its facilitation of a diversity of learning styles, improved accessibility, and a reduction of fear and pressure. Critical perceptions included worries over the loss of physical face-to-face presence, reduction of fear and pressure, and possible incompatibility with clinical legal education. Other concerns involved engagement/discipline in online (and live) education, the approach of some for-profit institutions, technological issues, cheating, and class size (in live and online settings). The findings suggest a relationship between exposure to and appreciation of online learning and an anomalous relationship (with caveats) between faculty gender and appreciation of online learning. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of all forms of delivery of legal education, with emphasis on whether online education is used to replicate traditional law school education or to accommodate different learning styles through distinct pedagogies.
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Poon, Allen. "How to deploy online dispute resolution (ODR) in Hong Kong." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21847708a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007."Master of Art in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW6409 dissertation" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Andrews, Lisa Tarsi. "Online privacy on university campuses: The law, policy, administrative, and student perspectives." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280584.
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Higher education, like many large institutions, has integrated technology into many aspects of its daily operations. As a result, many policies and resultant enforcement procedures have been put into place. The question arises as to the privacy of the students' actions online. To what degree monitoring of the network is occurring is of great interest. In addition, what is happening outside the university in the law related to online privacy may provide a window into the level of privacy afforded to students utilizing the campus network. This exploratory case study attempts to integrate four perspectives on online privacy: the law, policy, administrative, and student perspectives. It is expected that over time, privacy online has decreased within the law and on campuses, while the interests of the state and university administrations have taken precedence over individual privacy online. In addition, it is expected that student and administrative perspectives will favor increased individual privacy online. The implications of this study are far reaching, as the area of privacy online is continuously emerging.
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Fiesler, Casey. "The role of copyright in online creative communities: law, norms, and policy." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53937.
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Many sources of rules govern our interactions with technology and our behavior online—law, ethical guidelines, community norms, website policies—and they do not always agree. This is particularly true in the context of content production because copyright law represents a collection of complex policies that often do not always account for the ways that people use and re-use digital media. Within legal gray areas, people make decisions every day about what is allowed, often negotiating multiple sources of rules. How do content creators make decisions about what they can and cannot do when faced with unclear rules, and how does the law (and perceptions of the law) impact technology use, creativity, and online interaction? Combining in-depth interviews, large-scale content analysis, and surveys, my work examines the complex relationship between law, site policy, norms, and technology. This dissertation provides a better understanding of how content creators engage with copyright and how norms organically form within communities of creators. It concludes with a set of design and policy recommendations for online community designers to help better support current practices among content creators.
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Fakhrtdinov, Renat. "Freedom of Expression Online : Ban of Political Expression on the Internet in Russia." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161971.
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Cai, Weiping. "Online dispute resolution in Hong Kong the current practices and future developments /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21843016a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006."A dissertation submitted to School of Law, City University of Hong Kong for degree of Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 22, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Ahlin, Alexander, and Joakim Bergman. "Avtalsslutande genom internet : En genomgång av avtalsrätt i förhållande till internet samt online auktioner." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69540.
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Tekniken utvecklas mer för varje dag och i takt med detta så ingås avtal allt mer i elektronisk form. I takt med teknologisk framgång uppstår det dock nya problem. Frågan är om den åldrande regleringen i avtalslagen för traditionella avtal kan appliceras på dessa nya problem i förhållande till elektroniska avtal. Syftet med arbetet har varit att fastställa gällande rätt för elektroniska avtal. För att kunna göra detta har en redogörelse av innehållet i traditionell avtalsrätt gjorts. Därefter följer en analys samt en jämförelse av likheter och skillnader gentemot varandra. Detta arbete har använt traditionell juridisk metod för att besvara syftet. Resultatet av arbetet är att avtalslagens allmänna karaktär gör att lagen är applicerbar på elektroniska avtal samt internetauktioner. Det finns dock viktiga skillnader som med hjälp av praxis kommer klargöras. Den teknologiska utvecklingen i form av till exempel elektroniska signaturer har sett till att det nu är säkrare än någonsin att ingå elektroniska avtal.
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Amajuoyi, Ugochi Christine. "Online peer-to-peer lending regulation : justification, classification and remit in UK law." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/28035.
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Despite its benefits, online peer-to-peer lending bears the risks associated with traditional forms of institutionalised lending. However, because individuals have taken over the role of the institutional lender, and the institutional participant in this form of lending takes a step back by acting only as an intermediary between the borrowers and lenders, ordinary individuals are left to bear the type of risks that institutions have traditionally borne, but without the same means of doing so. There has been little academic analysis of the role and form that regulation should take in the regulation of peer-to-peer lending and most discussions centre on the American regulatory experience. This thesis sets out to examine the theoretical classification of online peer-to-peer lending and the theoretical and practical justifications for regulating it. The aim is to ascertain the most appropriate way to regulate peer-to-peer lending, taking into account the underlying conceptual model which underpins it. The study adopts a theoretical analysis of P2PL participants and regulation based on the concepts of consumer protection and paternalism. It includes a doctrinal analysis of the UK peer-to-peer lending legislation and regulation to identify, describe and explain the rules pertaining to the industry. It also uses a comparative approach to compare P2PL with existing forms of financial lending and similar (dis)intermediated forms of transacting between individuals to show that online peer-to-peer lending is a unique form of intermediated transaction. The thesis argues that it is important that regulation displays an understanding of the underlying conceptual framework of the business model it aims to regulate. In doing so, it also argues that the peer-to-peer lending users are more than just ‘consumers’. They demonstrate a shift in the conception of individuals from consumers to prosumers because they participate in the production side of the services they receive. It goes further than existing discussions of prosumption by positing the concept of the ‘lendsumer’ to give a more accurate account of the role and experiences of peer-to-peer lenders and the effect this has on their transactional relationships and the risks they face because of this role. Based on this analysis, the thesis shows that the UK regulatory regime has limited suitability because it lacks awareness of the underlying prosumption model of peer-to-peer lending, focusing only on the business-to-consumer aspects. Consequently, it does not resolve all the issues resulting from the tripartite, participatory nature of the peer-to-peer lending transaction. In light of these findings, the thesis proposes the regulatory use of two main concepts and highlights their implications for peer-to-peer lending regulation. The first is the ‘lendsumer’ as a new paradigm of the consumer which has implications for the regulatory protections afforded to the P2P lenders. The second is the use of gatekeeper liability, adapted to online peer-to-peer lending, as a way to affect these protections in light of the particular vulnerabilities and risks experienced by the peer-to-peer lender.
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Renner, Jasmine R. "Social Media and the Law : A Practical Guide for Educational Leaders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. http://amzn.com/1493587552.
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1. Understanding the legal issues regardIng social media and networking sites and their users -- 2. The role of social media and networking in education -- 3. Social media and the freedom of expression -- 4. Social media and faculty privacy rights -- 5. Social media and intellectual property rights -- 6. Social media discipline and suspension -- 7. Social media policies and guidelines for educators -- 8. Case scenarios: Social media and the law.
"In "Social Media and the Law: A Practical Guide for Educational Leaders", Dr. Jasmine Renner engages educational leaders, faculty, administrators and students about the legal implications of their use of social networking sites (SNS) and how they can move beyond mere defensive mechanisms when confronted with legal challenges, to proactive measures and initiatives that curb or reduce legal liabilities.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1039/thumbnail.jpg
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Correa, Harcus Ana Maria. "Discrimination in Online Platforms: A Comparative Law Approach to Design, Intermediation and Data Challenges." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/313295.
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This doctoral thesis is at the intersection of law and technology by focusing on the ethical governance of private companies on the topic of discrimination. It centers on algorithmic and intentional discrimination. It aimed to determine whether the European Union and Federal USA law are equipped to address discrimination in the provision of work, goods, and services online. Through and extensive analyses of sources that included private company practices, private anti-discrimination policies, collective and private litigation, court decisions, public regulation at the EU, Member State levels, and United States, this thesis argued that statutory law and legal precedents in the European Union and United States are only partially equipped to address discrimination against statutorily protected classes. The author of this thesis inferred from the selected sources that the main obstacles to the full implementation of the equality principle rely on businesses' structural challenges, including aesthetic design, matching tools, evaluation systems, and network effect of online platforms that ultimately reinforce old biases against protected classes. Furthermore, rigid and more flexible regimes of liability immunities to online intermediaries results in the lack of incentive for structural changes. Finally, in the light of these structural challenges, this thesis asserts that the fight against discrimination in online platforms might produce the best results when also oriented by a model of regulation that encourages online platforms to implement the principle of transparency and fairness in their interactions with users, coupled with the cooperation of anti-discrimination bodies and private businesses.Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Bendzovska, Daniela, Michelle Blomqvist, and Sara Rubenstein. "Assessment of online marketing communications of an automotive company - A case study of Jaguar Cars, Sweden." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Health and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-4701.
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Over the years, the traditional face of marketing has changed. Companies need to adopt ongoing marketing strategies to stay ahead of their competitors; the design and content of their strategies continue to evolve.
In this thesis a case study has been conducted on one company within the automotive industry in Sweden. The case study was performed on Jaguar Cars in Sweden and an assessment of their use of Online Marketing Communication (OMC) as a marketing tool was made.
The case study indicated that Jaguar Cars in Sweden only invest moderately in Online Marketing Communication activities. The thesis indicates that it is important for Jaguar to invest more economic resources into OMC and to be well educated on the subject. The focus for Jaguar should be on creating the perfect synergy between online vs. offline marketing by deploying a more involved Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) approach in order to utilize the internet most effectively. Moreover, the marketing communication decisions should focus on the marketing communications channels that offer the highest benefit for all the stakeholders. Further suggestions for Jaguar were to increase the paid search engine optimization, create a forum, develop an RSS function and also have portal representation.
Key words: Online marketing communications, Integrated marketing communications, internet marketing, automotive industry, OMC channels.
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Parish, Rodney L. "Online In-Service Training versus Traditional Training for Arizona Police Officers." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10979089.
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Arizona police officers are required by the Arizona Police Officer Standards and Training board to complete continuing training on an annual basis. Police continuing training has traditionally been offered as lecture-based classroom training. Online training offers an alternative method of providing training. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an online version of a police training class to a classroom-based version of the same course. Participants consisted of sworn police officers employed by the Phoenix Police Department and taking the department’s Domestic Violence Investigation (DVI) course. The study compared student learning outcomes between the two course versions, as well as student attitudes and perceptions of training.
The study utilized a descriptive research design with a mixed methods approach. Research questions investigated the attitudes and perceptions of participants, compared student learning outcomes between the two course versions, and asked whether educational level and previous experience with online learning was linked to positive learning outcomes in the DVI course. Quantitative data consisted of demographic questionnaires, a 45-question assessment of the likelihood of success in online learning, a 10-question pre-test, and a 10-question post-test. Qualitative data was obtained through interviews with six participants who had taken the DVI course.
The results of the study indicated participants in the online version of the DVI course performed as well or better on the post-test than their counterparts in the classroom. Participants interviewed for the study enjoyed the online presentation of the course, and supported the development of additional online training options within their department. Positive student learning outcomes for the online DVI course provide support for the development of online police training programs.
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Kuppers, Martin Arthur. "Third-party copyright liability of online service providers in the United Kingdom & United States of America." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8494.
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The music and film content providing industry asserts that unauthorised widespread Online Service Provider (OSP) enabled use of their works has played a large part in the factually evident decline in unit sales of the industry’s essential products such as CDs and DVDs, and has thus also allegedly diminished revenue and profits. In this regard, content providing industry legal recourse against OSPs takes two forms. The first is to claim primary copyright infringement, and the second to establish third-party copyright liability for the infringing acts of an OSP’s users. The choice is dictated by the specific facts in individual cases. The latter important and complex case law based category, which applies to a spectrum of OSP connections to infringements, some more direct than others, is specifically treated in this thesis. This thesis examines the, it is argued, inadequate case law based operation of UK third-party copyright liability. By firstly comprehensively studying UK copyright law as it pertains to OSPs, including primary liability as well as exceptions and limitations, UK third-party copyright liability is suitably extrinsically defined. Its intrinsic operation is then analysed. Severe deficiencies having been found and explained in this regard, a basis for reform is sought by conducting a similar examination of US third-party copyright liability, said law being more developed. Thus, a mirrored approach to the preceding UK analysis is taken in the analysis of US copyright law; carefully defining third-party copyright liability and ensuring overall systemic compatibility. Having established the need for reform and having provided a second compatible but more developed source, both strands of third-party copyright liability are compared and contrasted and entirely novel changes to the UK concepts are proposed for legislative adoption. The reformulations allow for apposite future risk analysis by market actors, resulting in greater legal certainty for all parties concerned.
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Iacovino, Livia. "Recordkeeping, ethics and law : regulatory models, participant relationships and rights and responsibilities in the online world /." Dordrecht : Springer, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/511999585.pdf.
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Haynes, J. D. "Risk and regulation of access to personal data on online social networking services in the UK." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/11972/.
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This research investigates the relative effectiveness of different modes of regulation of access to personal data on social networking services in the UK. A review of the literature demonstrated that there was a gap in research comparing different regulatory modes applied to online social networking services (SNSs). A model of regulation was developed based on Lessig’s four modes of regulating the internet. Risk to individual users was selected as a way of testing different regulatory approaches, using the premise that risk-based regulation has become a key consideration in European regulation. The regulatory effects were tested using: online surveys, interviews with industry experts, content analysis of privacy policies, and a legislative review. The research data are appended to the main body of the thesis. The research demonstrated the potential of risk as a means of distinguishing between different regulatory modes and concluded that a combination of regulatory approaches was the most effective way of protecting individuals against abuse of personal data on online SNSs. Further research suggested includes: looking at risk from the perspective of companies, and of society; further development of the regulatory model; and country comparisons to discover whether the findings of this study are more generally applicable.
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Idzhar, Rosslan Shamsul. "A web based solution for a law firm to practice mediations and collaborative divorce cases effectively online /." Leeds : University of Leeds, School of Computer Studies, 2008. http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/fyproj/reports/0708/Shamsul-Idzhar.pdf.
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Jackson, Joseph E. F. "Regulating the online medium in an age of transnational communication : a socio-historical analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/NQ44462.pdf.
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Aminlari, Hirbod. "Zivilrechtliche Haftung der Diensteanbieter für Inhalte Dritter nach deutschem und US-amerikanischem Recht /." Taunusstein : Driesen, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/390328081.pdf.
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Al-Bayati, Murad. "Reform of the Iraqi Private International Law on Transnational Online Contracting : lessons from the EU and the USA." Thesis, Bangor University, 2014. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reform-of-the-iraqi-private-international-law-on-transnational-online-contracting-lessons-from-the-eu-and-the-usa(66397599-18f0-4e9f-b118-bb719aa0774e).html.
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Online contracting has witnessed some remarkable developments since the internet became a tool for commerce. Mainly in Iraq, such increased practices of online contracting in the cross-border context have not been accompanied with a parallel development in the law. Against this background, this thesis argues that certain rules found in contracting theory and conflict of laws, especially in the Iraqi law, are not adequate enough to govern the legal obligations and disputes arising out of concluding online contracts on websites. A comparative analysis of the legal systems in three different jurisdictions will be used to consider the issues in this thesis: the EU, the US, and Iraq. The rationale behind choosing the aforementioned jurisdictions was to evaluate how successfully each of these jurisdictions have been in dealing with online contracting cases and disputes. Furthermore, the ultimate goal is to examine the possibility of adopting the harmonised laws of the EU and the courts-based approach of the US in proposing a proper reform of Iraqi law in the context of jurisdiction and applicable law matters. In the EU, although substantial harmonisation of rules has been implemented by the European legislature to ensure an effective application of the rules governing contractual obligations in both offline and online practices, some rules are still questionable in terms of their application to internet activities. In the US, despite the fact that courts have been challenged by an abundant number of online contracting cases, the application of US personal jurisdiction rules and the validity and enforceability of online choice of court and law agreements remain unsettled. In Iraq, the application of certain rules of traditional conflict of laws is outdated and the rules are not fit to govern the disputes arising out of online contracts concluded on websites. This thesis concludes that certain reforms of the law, especially Iraqi law, should be more realistic, feasible and appropriate for governing the online contracting process rather than proposing new specific rules for on-line transactions. More specifically, Iraqi legislature should pay more attention to update the Electronic Signature and Transactions Act (IESTA) to provide more legal certainty for contracts concluded on websites. Furthermore, jurisdiction and applicable law rules laid down in articles 14, 15 and 25 of the Civil Code should be also reformed taking into account the special characteristics of the contracting process over the internet.
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Lindell, Philip. "Trademark infringement online : The accountability of internet intermediaries for third-party trademark infringement in the EU and the US." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412913.
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Collingwood, Lisa Hannah. "Privacy protection under the English legal system : is it adequate given the challenges raised by online communicating between individuals?" Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28204/.
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This thesis examines whether the approach to privacy protection under the English legal system is adequate given the distinct challenges raised by online communicating between individuals. In doing this, it aims to fulfil three objectives. Firstly, to show that privacy is, regardless of forum, deserving of appropriate legal protection; secondly, that the existing substantive and procedural basis of protection in England and Wales is flawed, since the altered landscape of privacy engendered by the widespread use of new communications media has been insufficiently assimilated into judicial understandings of privacy; and, thirdly, to analyse whether a revised legal structure would better regulate this area of law. The protection of privacy is an emotive topic, not least because the very nature of privacy itself is open to debate. This thesis plays a vital part in untangling what is, without doubt, a complex area of what may be described as the evolving law of privacy. By adopting its contemporary focus, the thesis is able to offer evaluation and critique of the existing law, highlighting where the English legal system is open to challenge and suggesting how an understanding of the metamorphosed notions of privacy engendered by new communications media might lead to its improved protection at law. Given both the importance of privacy protection and the growing prominence of social media platforms, this represents a crucial and timely research test which, it is hoped, will add to an understanding of these contemporary issues and their consequences. Accordingly, the overall contribution made to knowledge by this study is that, by exploring privacy protection against a backdrop of online communications media, it addresses a gap in the available literature. Within this thesis, the author develops a unique framework with which to better comprehend the increasingly novel ways in which privacy may be violated in a technological age and application of this model allows for the constituent parts of privacy violation to be conceptually broken down against the reality of online communications. This, in turn, allows the author to advance various inventive proposals for how privacy might be better safeguarded in the future.
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Farmer, Shelley Kristine. "Paralegal Students' and Paralegal Instructors' Perceptions of Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Paralegal Course Effectiveness: A Comparative Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404629/.
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To improve online learning pedagogy within the field of paralegal education, this study investigated how paralegal students and paralegal instructors perceived the effectiveness of synchronous and asynchronous online paralegal courses. Survey results were analyzed using independent samples t-test and correlational analysis, and indicated that overall, paralegal students and paralegal instructors positively perceived synchronous and asynchronous online paralegal courses. Paralegal instructors reported statistically significant higher perceptions than paralegal students: (1) of instructional design and course content in synchronous online paralegal courses; and (2) of technical assistance, communication, and course content in asynchronous online paralegal courses. Instructors also reported higher perceptions of the effectiveness of universal design, online instructional design, and course content in synchronous online paralegal courses than in asynchronous online paralegal courses. Paralegal students reported higher perceptions of asynchronous online paralegal course effectiveness regarding universal design than paralegal instructors. No statistically significant differences existed between paralegal students' perceptions of the effectiveness of synchronous and asynchronous online paralegal courses. A strong, negative relationship existed between paralegal students' age and their perceptions of effective synchronous paralegal courses, which were statistically and practically significant. Statistically significant relationships existed between paralegal instructors' perceptions of effective synchronous online paralegal course and the number of courses taught by the paralegal instructor. Lastly, this study provided practical applicability and opportunities for future research.
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Skog, Jonna. "Desinformation, demokrati och digitalisering : En analys av EU:s reglering av desinformation online i förhållande till yttrande- och informationsfriheten i EKMR och EU-stadgan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443549.
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The purpose of this essay is to examine whether current EU regulation of disinformation online is justifiable from a constitutional law perspective, assessed in relation to the protection of the freedom of expression and information. The study initially clarifies the motives behind the EU regulation in question by examining the potential effects that a widespread dissemination of misleading or false information could have on democracy. The protection of the freedom of speech and information provided for by Article 10 of the ECHR and Article 11 of the EU Charter is later examined as regards to the possibility of regulating disinformation and the possibility to hold online intermediaries responsible for the content which they mediate and store. Both existing and recently proposed EU regulation of disinformation is mainly based on what can be considered as a union initiated self-regulation: platform companies are encouraged to counter disinformation on their own initiative through terms of use and content moderation. To some extent, these efforts are then monitored and supervised by the EU. The primary motivation to counteract disinformation is that it may jeopardize citizens’ abilities to make informed decisions and thereby impede public debate. Additionally, an extensive spread of disinformation is considered to undermine citizens' trust in democratic institutions. Since the regulation aims to protect the purposes of the freedom of expression and information, as central preconditions in a well-functioning democracy, it can to a certain extent be considered advantageous from a rights perspective. Meanwhile, the regulation also raises some concerns evaluated in the light of the Convention and the Charter. In particular, it could be questioned whether the regulation is compatible with the legality requirement of Article 10 ECHR and Article 52 (1) of the EU Charter. Furthermore, the risk of platform companies removing more content than the provisions allow may be considered significant, especially in view of the broad EU definition of disinformation. Hence, the EU regulation of disinformation raises a conflict of interest regarding the risk of disinformation and the protection of freedom of expression and information in today's digitalized democracies.
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Vranaki, Asma A. I. "Rethinking relations and regimes of power in online social networking sites : tales of control, strife, and negotiations in Facebook and YouTube." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a0872883-98b3-4215-b000-0974a80cad97.
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This thesis investigates the potentially complex power effects generated in Online Social Networking Sites (‘OSNS’), such as YouTube and Facebook, when legal values, such as copyright and personal data, are protected and/or violated. In order to develop this analysis, in Chapter Two, I critically analyse key academic writings on internet regulation and argue that I need to move away from the dominant ‘regulatory’ lens to my Actor-Network Theory-Foucauldian Power Lens (‘ANT-Foucauldian Power Lens’) in order to be able to capture the potentially complex web of power effects generated in YouTube and Facebook when copyright and personal data are protected and/or violated. In Chapter Three, I develop my ANT-Foucauldian Power Lens and explore how key ANT ideas such as translation can be used in conjunction with Foucauldian ideas such as governmentality. I utilise my ANT-Foucauldian Power Lens in Chapters Four to Seven to analyse how YouTube and Facebook are constructed as heterogeneous, contingent and precarious ‘actor-networks’ and I map in detail the complex power effects generated from specific local connections. I argue five key points. Firstly, I suggest that complex, multiple, and contingent power effects are generated when key social, legal, and technological actants are locally, contingently, and precariously ‘fitted together’ in YouTube and Facebook when copyright and personal data are protected and/or violated. Secondly, I argue that ‘materialities’ play key roles in maintaining the power effects generated by specific local connections. Thirdly, I argue that there are close links between power and ‘spatialities’ through my analysis of the Privacy Settings and Tagging in Facebook. Fourthly, I argue that my relational understandings of YouTube and Facebook generate a more comprehensive view of the power effects of specific legal elements such as how specific territorial laws in YouTube gain their authority by virtue of their durable and heterogeneous connections. Finally, I argue that we can extrapolate from my empirical findings to build a small-scale theory about the power effects generated in OSNS when legal values are protected and/or violated. Here I also consider the contributions made by my research to three distinct fields, namely, internet regulation, socio-legal studies, and actor-network theory.
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Hyland, Mark Leo. "The practical difficulties of applying the tort Private International Law rules to the internet using online copyright infringement as the primary research component." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2724.
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The objective of this thesis is to analyse the very real and practical difficulties faced by lawyers in applying the tort private international law (PIL) rules to the internet and to investigate which factors, technology-related or otherwise, either assist or hinder the application of the PIL rules to the internet. These practical difficulties arise from the fact that many of the basic provisions of PIL relate to physical world (or offline) elements such as domicile, nationality and place of damage or harmful event (locus delicti). Effective application of PIL rules is dependent on sovereign competence operating within clear jurisdictional borders. As a consequence, difficulties arise for conflicts lawyers as the internet often disregards borders. Ubiquitous torts, such as unauthorised peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing affecting copyright works and online defamation have become commonplace in the online world.
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Gaston, Keith E. "Distance Learning for Professional Development in Law Enforcement - What Works." UNF Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/844.
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Online distance learning is an essential element in the continuing education of law enforcement officers across the nation. However, little research has been conducted into the use of learning management systems by law enforcement agencies as a tool for professional development. This study attempts to assess the attitudes, preferences, and influences that impact distance learning for professional development work for state law enforcement officers and their agencies. Law enforcement agencies and law enforcement training centers have failed to utilize or embrace distance-learning technologies, or they have adopted distance-learning technology without knowing the effectiveness of the training or learning. For adult learning to be active, the learner must embrace the subject and the training delivery method. The law enforcement profession has historically used traditional classroom lectures for education and hands-on demonstration for training. This study focuses on the attitudes, preferences and other factors that influence the use of distance learning for professional development by state law enforcement officers.
This study incorporated an online survey of 496 Florida state law enforcement personnel employed by the Florida Highway Patrol and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, Division of Law Enforcement. The survey consisted of 64 questions that were analyzed and results into categories of descriptive demographics, work-related, reading and writing skills, technology use, software use, self-belief, self-management, ease of use, and learning preference for a review of factors that influence the attitudes and perceptions of state law law enforcement personnel on the use of learning management systems for profession development learning.
This quantitative study revealed wireless connectivity variations between metropolitan and rural counties does not influence the perception or attitude of state law enforcement personnel on the use of a learning management system. The research also revealed the learning management system does not influence their perception of online, classroom or blended learning for professional development. This research also revealed little correlation to age, race or national origin, sex, and years of experience to the preference for a learning management system for distance learning. The research suggests that level of education does not influence the attitude or perception of users on the use of a learning management system but personnel who are certified instructors do have a stronger preference towards the use of a learning management system for professional development learning. The duty assignment of patrol, investigations, supervisory and administrative, or other duties does not influence the attitude or perception of users of a learning management system.
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Soma, Samantha Isabella. "An Examination of Conflict Conversation in an Online Community: the Pie Fight at DailyKos.com." PDXScholar, 2006. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1466.
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The increasing popularity of the social web and online communities requires the attention of researchers of conflict resolution. Although there are many ways to resolve conflict offline, the ways in which conflict takes place within a native online context have not been much studied. Are any of the tools and strategies that are used to improve communication offline used successfully online, or are some other strategies taking their place? What communication patterns occur within an online community equipped with comment moderation capabilities? This research is a case study and addressed these questions by performing a qualitative analysis of comment conversations within two diaries that discussed a conflict event known as the Pie Fight within the Daily Kos community in June, 2005.
The findings of this research are organized into three sections, which discuss behaviors related to Communication Style, Conflict Minimization or Avoidance, and community members' response to Comment Moderation (Ratings). Novel communication style behaviors which were noted included the use of cut-and-paste "paraphrasing" which was used to escalate conflict rather than resolving it, medium blaming when the writer's own words were quite obviously provocative, and extended leave-taking as a means of maintaining relationships before departing from the community. Conflict minimization or avoidance behaviors included the assumption that removal of discussion about the conflict by deleting an entire diary and comments threads would somehow resolve the disagreements included in them it, the use of benign verbal aggression which seemed to bring some segments of the community together, and the temporary or permanent departure from the community by members who took part in the conflict discussion. Ratings moderation created another point of conflict when negative ratings were threatened, although negative ratings were used mainly to address unproductive language rather than punish differences of opinion. The use of positive ratings to offer silent support or appreciation to members whose reasoned comments received a dismissive response was also observed. These findings could be used in future research about the suitability of online communities as sites of deliberative discussion.
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Schlenkrich, Lara. "An investigation of social computing." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006194.
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Social network sites have recently become extremely popular online destinations as they offer users easy ways to build and maintain their relationships with each other. Consequently, students, lecturers, teachers, parents and businesses are using these tools to communicate with each other in a fast and cost-effective manner. However, literature suggests that the full potential of social network sites has not yet been revealed since users are still battling to overcome the various negative characteristics surrounding these sites. A framework for appropriate use of these sites is needed so that users are able to overcome these negative aspects, allowing them to be more effective and use the sites successfully. The goal of this research is to construct a framework for perceived successful use of social computing tools in educational institutions. This framework will include critical success factors that need to be adopted by users in order to develop the positive aspects of social computing, while at the same time overcoming the disadvantages experienced by users. Factors for successful use were derived from the literature and consolidated into a theoretical framework in order to understand the factors that drive successful use of social network sites. Measures used to test successful use of social network sites were also derived from these sources and were included in the same theoretical framework; these measures allow users to evaluate the extent of perceived successful use of social network sites. This framework was tested empirically by means of a pilot study and online survey, and revised according to the results of the survey. The factors were identified using Cronbach alpha coefficients (in the pilot study) and exploratory factor analysis to confirm the reliability of the scales developed. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis, t-tests and Pearson Chi-Square tests were used to measure the relationships amongst the variables in the framework proposed in this research. The factors influencing perceived successful use of social network sites were identified by the empirical study as: • Privacy and Security Settings need to be enabled. These are split into: - Settings: content that users allow others to see - Viewers: people who are allowed onto a user's profile • It is necessary for users to practise Legal and Acceptable Activities when using social network sites • Suspect Information needs to be checked before sharing it with others • Personal and Professional Time needs to be separated to ensure that work is completed before social activities occur • Users need to practise Professional and Ethical Behaviour • Users need to have a Positive Attitude when using social network sites • Usability of sites affects their success. This includes: - technical capacity (broadband) - ease of use - functionality (range of features and functions) • Current and Controversial Issues need to be discussed on social network sites. The extent to which social network sites are being used successfully can be evaluated by the presence of the following measures: • Range of Content must be available to users. This includes: - Content displayed on profiles - Viewers able to visit profiles • Visitors Behaviour is monitored and no unwanted visitors are present users' profiles • Social Contracts found on sites are followed by users • Critical Thinking Skills and Accurate Information are displayed by users • Work is completed before social activities occur on sites • A Variety of Users is present on sites • Collaboration between people as well as variety of opinions exist on sites • Social Capital (well-being) is present after users have been on sites • Learning and Advising Skills are enhanced on sites. The framework developed provides users with a useful instrument to overcome the negative characteristics associated with social network sites. If used successfully, social network sites can offer lecturers and students a unique method to develop their relationship, creating a positive learning experience.
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Kravicz, Gisele Ferreira. "AS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS SOBRE A VIOLÊNCIA NOS JORNAIS ONLINE ENVOLVENDO ADOLESCENTES EM PONTA GROSSA." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2013. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/344.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-20When words, images and ideas are related and then shared by subjects, they create a reality. It is the context of communication that social representations take shape as elements which are present in social relations, thereby constituting a social reality. On such presupposition, this thesis aims at gaining an understanding of how the local online newspapers Diário dos Campos and Jornal da Manhã, in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná (Brazil), addressed issues related to “violence” committed by male teenagers in conflict with the law throughout the year of 2011. The Theory of Social Representations (TSR) was adopted as a theoretical framework, in order to reconstruct the object of research, namely, the social representations of online newspapers. From a methodological point of view, qualitative research was the starting point, and the data were then tabulated following a quantitative research. A total of 65 online newspaper reports on violence committed in 2011 by male teenagers in conflict with the law were catalogued. The analysis of the data was developed in accordance with the research procedure of content analysis, taking into account the frequency of the data in the aforementioned newspapers, and, hence, setting up categories, which were then addressed in light of the Theory of Social Representations (TSR). In its conclusion, the thesis attests that, generally, the social representations in the online newspapers with the law limit the discussion to police issues, thereby discontextualizing the events. Besides, violence is associated with infractional acts, so that violence and crime are seen as synonymous, and this creates a stereotype for these teenagers. Also, social representations have the same way to approach and discuss violence, with little divergence between then.
Palavras, imagens e ideias ao se relacionarem e serem compartilhadas pelos sujeitos criam uma realidade. É no âmbito da comunicação que as representações sociais se configuram como um elemento presente nas relações sociais, constituindo uma realidade social. A partir deste pressuposto a presente dissertação tem por objetivo compreender como os jornais locais online: Diário dos Campos e Jornal da Manhã representam e discutem as matérias referentes à violência praticada pelos adolescentes do sexo masculino em conflito com a lei, no ano de 2011, na cidade de Ponta Grossa (PR). Utilizou-se como referencial teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS) para a construção do objeto de pesquisa, que são as representações sociais dos jornais online sobre a violência. O caminho metodológico tem como ponto de partida a pesquisa qualitativa, e, para a tabulação dos dados, utilizou-se a pesquisa quantitativa. A catalogação dos jornais online foi realizada, sendo catalogadas 65 matérias sobre a violência envolvendo os adolescentes em conflito com a lei no ano de 2011. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se como instrumento de pesquisa a análise de conteúdo, a partir da frequência dos dados, em conjunto com as matérias dos jornais, elencando categorias, sendo estas desveladas à luz do referencial teórico – a TRS. Conclui-se que as representações sociais presentes nos jornais online que apresentam as matérias referentes à violência envolvendo os adolescentes são marcadas por uma centralização nas discussões policiais, caracterizando uma descontextualização das matérias. A violência é associada ao ato infracional, de modo que violência e crime são vistos como sinônimos, o que tende a estereotipar os adolescentes. As representações sociais, de ambos os jornais possuem as mesmas formas de abordar e discutir a violência, com pouca divergência entre eles.
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Alexander, Nilsson. "En konkurrensutsatt spelmarknad : Med särskild inriktning på onlinespel." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-338555.
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Den svenska spellagstiftningen härrör från närmare ett sekel tillbaka i tiden. Staten har sedan 1943 varit ensam aktör på den svenska spelmarknaden och en privatiserad spelmarknad har enbart funnits under den korta tid som Tipstjänst inte varit förstatligat. Sedan införandet av spelmonopolet har mycket hänt. En marknad i konstant utveckling har ställt krav på Sverige att förändra sin lagstiftning för att uppnå förenlighet med rådande EU-rätt. Kravet har ställts dels av EU-kommissionen, dels av privata aktörer som ansett Sveriges lagstiftning strida mot den fria rörligheten för tjänster och etableringsfriheten. Dessa friheter garanteras i EUF-fördraget artikel 49 gällande etablering och artikel 56 rörande tjänster.Sveriges spellagstiftning har varit föremål för flera utredningar varav de två senaste berörs i uppsatsen. Den första utredningen, spelutredningen, publicerades år 2008 och resulterade inte i någon förändrad lagstiftning. Den senare utredningen, spellicensutredningen från år 2017, har resulterat i flera förslag till en ny spellag och föreskrifter för att få verka på en konkurrensutsatt spelmarknad. Förslagen förväntas träda ikraft den 1 januari 2019 och skulle innebära en konkurrensutsatt spelmarknad avseende alla spel förutom lotterier. Dessa ska alltjämt, som en följd av låg efterfrågan och möjligheten att garantera inkomster till allmännyttiga ändamål, ankomma på staten att erbjuda. Förslaget att inte konkurrensutsätta lotterier anser jag i min uppsats strida mot rådande EU-praxis och begränsningen står enligt mig inte i proportion ställt mot de syften som föranleder den nya lagstiftningen.I uppsatsen redogörs tidigt för EU-domstolens avgöranden som är hänförliga till spelmarknaden. Praxis från EU-domstolen genomsyrar sedan uppsatsen och en löpande prövning sker gällande nuvarande och den föreslagna lagstiftningen. Störst fokus fästs vid de avgöranden som behandlar rättfärdigandegrunderna i artikel 52 EUF-fördraget. Dessa rättfärdigandegrunder ger fog för begränsande nationell lagstiftning förutsatt att begränsningen grundas med hänsyn till allmän ordning, säkerhet eller hälsa. Dessutom får begränsningen inte vara oproportionerlig, något som framkommer av EU-domstolens resonemang i de flesta avgöranden som tas upp i min framställning.Den föreslagna lagstiftningen analyseras på vissa punkter, med inriktning på onlinespel då uppsatsen är avgränsad till ett fokus på spel online. Avgränsningen bottnar i tillgänglighet, gränsöverskridande moment och teknisk utveckling.
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Chen, Jiahong. "Data protection in the age of Big Data : legal challenges and responses in the context of online behavioural advertising." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33149.
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This thesis addresses the question of how data protection law should respond to the challenges arising from the ever-increasing prevalence of big data. The investigation is conducted with the case study of online behavioural advertising (OBA) and within the EU data protection legal framework, especially the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It is argued that data protection law should respond to the big data challenges by leveraging the regulatory options that are either already in place in the current legal regime or potentially available to policymakers. With the highly complex, powerful and opaque OBA network, in both technical and economic terms, the use of big data may pose fundamental threats to certain individualistic, collective or societal values. Despite a limited number of economic benefits such as free access to online services and the growth of the digital market, the latent risks of OBA call for an effective regulatory regime on big data. While the EU's GDPR represents the latest and most comprehensive legal framework regulating the use of personal data, it has still fallen short on certain important aspects. The regulatory model characterised by individualised consent and the necessity test remains insufficient in fully protecting data subjects as autonomous persons, consumers and citizens in the context of OBA. There is thus a pressing need for policymakers to review their regulatory toolbox in the light of the potential threats. On the one hand, it is necessary to reconsider the possibilities to blacklist or whitelist certain data uses with mechanisms that are either in place in the legal framework or can be introduced additionally. On the other hand, it is also necessary to realise the full range of policy options that can be adopted to assist individuals in making informed decisions in the age of big data.
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Scharneck, Justin William. "A framework for the governance of social media in the workplace." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020180.
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Social media is fast becoming an ever-increasingly significant part of the world of business and a phenomenon which cannot be evaded. The advent of social media in the workplace compels organisations to acclimatise to the transformation emanating from employees‟ adoption of these technologies (Hanaki & Casella, 2008). Approximately seventy percent of organisations do not have a social media governance framework in place (Fink et al., 2011). Social media governance in organisations is very disjointed; companies have varying stances as to social media strategy, the risks, benefits and business use of social media (Thompson et al., 2011). The growth of social media and its use in the business environment will see a more standardised approach to social media governance (Thompson et al., 2011). Being at the forefront of technology development in Africa, and in certain areas, globally (Government of the Republic of South Africa, 2012), places added emphasis on IT organisations in South Africa to set the standard as it relates to social media governance. The diversity and depth of the human and technology resources within these organisations, creates an environment conducive to establishing and pioneering sound social media governance structures. The treatise consists of a study on the governance of social media and the successive development of two frameworks; an integrated framework for the governance of social media in the workplace, as well as integrated framework for a social media policy within an IT organisation. These frameworks are empirically evaluated amongst employees, within the context of Information Technology (IT) organisations, in South Africa. Several recommendations are proposed by the author in relation to the adoption of the proposed frameworks.
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Meyer, Stella. "Conspiracy theories and freedom of speech in the online sphere : An analysis of QAnon’s ban from Facebook and Twitter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-455063.
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At the crossroads of law, conspiracy theory research and philosophy, this thesis investigates the permanent ban of QAnon from Facebook and Twitter, determining whether their deplatforming constitutes a violation of free speech. By first conducting a content analysis of free speech legislation in Germany and the US, it becomes evident that the matter needs to be approached from an ethical perspective rather than a legal one. To this end, I am testing an ethical framework suggested by Cíbik and Hardoš (2020). Based on the concept of ethical unreasonableness, the framework will be used to determine whether QAnon is harmful and its ban was justified. The case study consists of an in-depth analysis of QAnon’s evolution, distribution and core narratives in Germany and the US, followed by an examination of Facebook and Twitter’s justifications for deplatforming all QAnon assets. The ethical framework will then be applied to selected QAnon narratives based on their prevalence in the time from February 2020 to February 2021. It becomes clear that the ethical framework at hand needs to be adjusted and is unsuitable for everyday content moderation but should still be used by the social media companies for training purposes to improve decision making. The question of whether deplatforming QAnon was a violation of free speech is not easily answered as depending on the point of view it is or is not a violation of freedom of speech. Ultimately, big social media companies need to be redefined as to their role and responsibilities in today’s societies before any content moderation measures can be adequately examined.
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Ruhwanya, Zainab Said. "Attitudes toward, and awareness of, online privacy and security: a quantitative comparison of East Africa and U.S. internet users." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20409.
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Master of ScienceComputing and Information Sciences
Eugene Vasserman
The increase in penetration of Internet technology throughout the world is bringing an increasing volume of user information online, and developing countries such as those of East Africa are included as contributors and consumers of this voluminous information. While we have seen concerns from other parts of the world regarding user privacy and security, very little is known of East African Internet users’ concern with their online information exposure. The aim of this study is to compare Internet user awareness and concerns regarding online privacy and security between East Africa (EA) and the United States (U.S.) and to determine any common attitudes and differences. The study followed a quantitative research approach, with the EA population sampled from the Open University of Tanzania, an open and distance-learning university in East Africa, and the U.S. population sampled from Kansas State University, a public university in the U.S. Online questionnaires were used as survey instruments. The results show no significant difference in awareness of online privacy between Internet users from East Africa and the U.S. There is however, significant difference in concerns about online privacy, which differ with the type of information shared. Moreover, the results have shown that the U.S. Internet users are more aware of online privacy concerns, and more likely to have taken measure to protect their online privacy and conceal their online presence, than the East African Internet users. This study has also shown that East Africans Internet users are more likely to be victims of online identity theft, security issues and reputation damage.
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Brasienė, Dovilė. "Vaiko teisių pažeidimai ir jų prevencija internetiniuose socialiniuose tinkluose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130626_185547-72708.
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Tyrimo tikslas yra aptarti vaiko teisių galimus pažeidimus ir prevenciją internetiniuose socialiniuose tinkluose. Magistro darbe analizuojamas vaiko teisių pažeidimų internetiniuose socialiniuose tinkluose prevencijos organizavimas ir įgyvendinimas gimnazijoje, siekiant išsiaiškinti esamą situaciją, kad būtų imtasi konkrečių veiksmų plano. Tyrimas buvo organizuojamas 2012 metų gruodžio 17-21 dienomis. Anketinės apklausos metodu ištirti 170 gimnazijos I ir II klasės mokiniai (iš jų 88 pirmokai ir 82 antrokai) bei 35 pedagogai ir kiti gimnazijos darbuotojai, dirbantys šioje gimnazijoje. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog gimnazistai suvokia internetinių socialinių tinklų grėsmes, dažnai su jomis susiduria pažeisdami savo teises. Šios grėsmės internete juos neramina, o susidūrę su jomis jie linkę apie tai niekam nepasakoti. Mokiniai jaučiasi turį pakankamai žinių ir įgūdžių bendravimui internete, gebėjimų siekiant užtikrinti saugų darbą internete. Atlikta tyrimų rezultatų analizė atskleidė šiuos vaiko teisių pažeidimų internetiniuose socialiniuose tinkluose prevencijos gimnazijoje organizavimo ypatumus: gimnazijoje vis dėlto nepakankamai vykdoma įtaigi prevencinė veikla, gimnazijos bendruomenė šviesdama mokinius apie jų saugų darbą internete apsiribojama gimnazistų paviršutinišku informavimu ir švietimu, ne visi pedagogai šviečia ir informuoja mokinius apie jų saugų darbą internete. Aktyviausiai prevenciją vykdo dalykų pedagogai, integruotų pamokų ir klasės auklėtojai organizuotų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Research objective is to review violations of children’s rights in online social networks. In MA thesis there is being analysed the prevention management and implementation of violations of children‘s rights in gymnasium having the aim to clarify a present situation in order the efficient action plan to be created. The research was conducted 17-21 December in 2012. Using the method of questionnaire survey there were interviewed 170 gymnasium‘s first and second graders (out of them 88 first graders and 82 second graders), 35 teachers and other employees who work in this gymnasium. Research outcome showed that gymnasium students realise threats of social networks and face them violating their rights. These threats on the Internet make them feel anxious and while facing them they are tend not to talk to anybody. Students feel quite confident in having knowledge and skills to communicate on the Internet and abilities to ensure safe work online. The analysis of research findings revealed particularities of prevention management in the gymnasium concerning violations of children‘s rights in social networks: impellent prevention activity is not sufficient enough in the gymnasium; the gymnasium community educating students about their safe work online narrow to shallow spreading of information and education; not all teaching staff educate and inform students about their safe work online. The most active prevention is organised by subjects’ teachers during integrative lessons and... [to full text]