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Journal articles on the topic 'Online Labor'

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Published: 7 July 2024

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1

Shostak, Art. "CYBERUNIONISM: GETTING LABOR ONLINE." New Labor Forum 15, no. 1 (May 1, 2006): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10957960500446627.

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2

Казакова, Е. А., М. С. Сандомирская, А. Д. Суворов, А. И. Хажгериева, and Р. К. Шавшин. "Platforms, online labor markets, and crowdsourcing. Part 1. Traditional online labor market." Journal of the New Economic Association, no. 3(60) (September 8, 2023): 120–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/22212264_2023_3_120-148.

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Обзор охватывает современные научные теоретические и эмпирические статьи, посвященные изучению платформенных онлайн–рынков труда. В работе рассматриваются примеры функционирования подобных рынков в России и за рубежом, их типология и различия, обусловливающие необходимость дифференциации подхода к их изучению и регулированию. По своей природе онлайн–рынки труда имеют двойственный характер. С одной стороны, они обладают чертами двусторонних платформ. Часть обзора посвящена особенностям сетевых эффектов, вопросам ценообразования как на уровне заказчиков, так и на уровне всей платформы, а также оптимальным механизмам установления взаимодействия между двумя сторонами рынка (мэтчингу). С другой стороны, онлайн–платформы труда наследуют черты традиционного рынка, в связи с чем мы уделяем внимание таким актуальным для рынков труда вопросам, как асимметрия информации, условия сохранения или преодоления географической, социокультурной и гендерной дискриминаций, а также сложности обеспечения трудовых гарантий работникам. Освещенные в обзоре особенности онлайн–платформ труда могут найти отражение в разработке регулирования, учитывающего правовую и экономическую специфику подобных рынков; они могут быть также полезны как для заказчиков и исполнителей на онлайн–рынках труда, стремящихся повысить эффективность участия на платформе, так и для организаторов таких рынков. In this survey, we overview recent theoretical and empirical studies on online labor platforms and provide real life examples on how these markets function in Russia and worldwide. We discuss ways to classify online labor platforms. We concentrate on respective distinctive features of different categories of online and platforms and, due to their structural differences, justify the need for differential approach to such markets research and regulation. Online labor platforms have dual nature. On the one hand, such markets can be regarded as two-sided platforms. Therefore, one part of the survey discusses network effects, optimal pricing strategies (both at the deal and platform level), and matching. On the other hand, online labor platforms inherit specific features of traditional labor market. Accordingly, our study highlights the labor market perspective: discrimination, worker rights protection, information asymmetry, and the mechanisms to avoid it, here including reputation, among the examples. Our study highlights legal and economic features of online labor platforms that should be taken into account when designing related competition and regulation policy. Moreover, the study can benefit workers and employers in the online labor markets that look at maximizing their respective surpluses from using a platform. Key words: online platforms, labor market
3

Dube, Arindrajit, Jeff Jacobs, Suresh Naidu, and Siddharth Suri. "Monopsony in Online Labor Markets." American Economic Review: Insights 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180150.

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Despite the seemingly low switching and search costs of on-demand labor markets like Amazon Mechanical Turk, we find substantial monopsony power, as measured by the elasticity of labor supply facing the requester (employer). We isolate plausibly exogenous variation in rewards using a double machine learning estimator applied to a large dataset of scraped MTurk tasks. We also reanalyze data from five MTurk experiments that randomized payments to obtain corresponding experimental estimates. Both approaches yield uniformly low labor supply elasticities, around 0.1, with little heterogeneity. Our results suggest monopsony might also be present even in putatively “thick” labor markets. (JEL C44, J22, J23, J42)
4

Tausendfreund, Doris, Natalya Timofeeva, and Tatyana Evdokimova. "Forced Labor in Nazi Germany: Online Archive of Interviews and Related Educational Online Platform." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2019): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.1.16.

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Introduction.The article deals with the problem of forced labor in Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Despite the existence of profound scientific publications devoted to this problem in Russia and abroad, it still needs to be developed. The article emphasizes the urgency of its research in historical, anthropological and humanities perspective, because personal experience of those who survived after forced labor in Nazi Germany, must be stored in collective memory and comprehended by subsequent generations. Methods and materials. Digital Humanities based on the method of oral history allows to solve this problem. The article presents two options of practical implementation of the issue: the online archive of the interview Forced Labor in 1939-1945. Memories and history and related online platform Learning based on interviews. Forced labor in 1939-1945. The archive includes about 600 narrative biographical interviews with victims of Nazi forced labor in 26 countries. The site accompanying the archive is now available in English, German, Russian and Czech. The second project is based on six specially selected interviews from the archive. Broad source base and nationally-oriented concept of forced labor in Nazi Germany, presented on the platform, create the historical context necessary for using this resource primarily in the secondary educational system of the Russian Federation. Analysis and results. The article shows the possibility of using archive-interviews in science and education, and emphasizes that traditional and new methods of historical research can complement each other. The article emphasizes that biographical films created on the basis of interviews can make the memory of forced labor in Nazi Germany, first of all, of “eastern workers” and Soviet prisoners of war more visible in Russian cultural memory. Contribution of authors to writing an article. Characteristics of peculiarity of oral historical sources, online collections of interviews, compensation payments are given by D. Thousendfreund. Analytics of the project “Forced Labor 1939-1945. Memoirs and History “and online platform” Learning based on interviews. Forced labor 1939-1945”, as well as conclusions are prepared by N.P. Timofeev. Introduction, problem historiography and general editing of the article belong to T.V. Evdokimova.
5

Bélanger, Marc. "Online Collaborative Learning for Labor Education." Labor Studies Journal 33, no. 4 (January 11, 2008): 412–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x07306652.

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6

Amer-Yahia, Sihem, and Senjuti Basu Roy. "The ever evolving online labor market." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 12, no. 12 (August 2019): 1978–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3352063.3352114.

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7

Kokkodis, Marios, and Panagiotis G. Ipeirotis. "Reputation Transferability in Online Labor Markets." Management Science 62, no. 6 (June 2016): 1687–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2217.

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8

Белова, Л. Г. "VIRTUAL LABOR MIGRATION OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED SPECIALISTS AND ONLINE LABOR MARKET." Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 1, no. 255 (2022): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2022-15-4-122-131.

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The article examines a new form of labor migration of highly qualified specialists’ virtual migration. The relevance of the issues of migration of highly qualified specialists in the conditions of digitalization is substantiated. It is noted that digitalization has contributed to the emergence of an online labor market, where new labor and migration relations are being formed, a new type of employee appears – a digital worker, digital labor platforms are being created. The positive and negative consequences of virtual migration are determined. There are new migration opportunities for highly qualified specialists within the country. In conclusion, Russia’s growing need for highly qualified specialists from the IT sector is noted. Government measures are required to ensure balance in the Russian labor market in the conditions of digitalization of the Russian economy
9

Matias, J. Nathan. "The Civic Labor of Volunteer Moderators Online." Social Media + Society 5, no. 2 (April 2019): 205630511983677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305119836778.

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Volunteer moderators create, support, and control public discourse for millions of people online, even as moderators’ uncompensated labor upholds platform funding models. What is the meaning of this work and who is it for? In this article, I examine the meanings of volunteer moderation on the social news platform reddit. Scholarship on volunteer moderation has viewed this work separately as digital labor for platforms, civic participation in communities, or oligarchy among other moderators. In mixed-methods research sampled from over 52,000 subreddit communities and in over a dozen interviews, I show how moderators adopt all of these frames as they develop and re-develop everyday meanings of moderation—facing the platform, their communities, and other moderators alike. I also show how this civic notion of digital labor brings clarity to a strike by moderators in July 2015. Volunteer governance remains a common approach to managing social relations, conflict, and civil liberties online. Our ability to see how communities negotiate the meaning of moderation will shape our capacity to address digital governance as a society.
10

Brink, William D., Tim V. Eaton, Jonathan H. Grenier, and Andrew Reffett. "Deterring Unethical Behavior in Online Labor Markets." Journal of Business Ethics 156, no. 1 (May 18, 2017): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3570-y.

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11

Laitenberger, Ulrich, Steffen Viete, Olga Slivko, Michael Kummer, Kathrin Borchert, and Matthias Hirth. "Unemployment and Online Labor: Evidence from Microtasking." MIS Quarterly 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 771–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2022/17347.

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We analyze the relationship between unemployment and the supply of online labor for microtasking. Using detailed U.S. data from a large microtasking platform between 2011 and 2015, we study the participation and the number of hours supplied by workers in the U.S. We found that more individuals registered on the platform and completed microtasks as the unemployment level in the commuting zone increased. This effect was strongest in regions with a high share of low-skilled workers. Our analyses of the intensive margin, wage elasticity, and temporal work patterns suggest that the increased participation was likely motivated by an effort to substitute income. Our findings suggest that microtasking platforms are an interesting online labor market for less educated workers. However, we also observed very low retention rates, indicative of a solely transient participation effect.
12

Hirpara, Saloni Atulbhai, Mamata B. Rajgor, and Devang A. Shah. "Online DBMS for Improving Labor Availability and Access to Labor Welfare Schemes." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 6631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.6631ecst.

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In India, the construction industry contributes more than 5% of the country’s GDP and 78 percent of gross capital creation. On the other hand, projects are becoming more complicated daily, necessitating new approaches to achieve good long-term construction work. Since the building industry is a labor-intensive industry, overcoming labor shortages has proven difficult. The project manager and other professionals want to finish the job on time, but labor shortages cause time and cost overruns. Furthermore, concerns about worker safety, financial incentives, and the lack of access to provident funds (PF) and employee state insurance (ESI) have caused young people to lose interest in the construction industry. This study examines and reviews the definition of labor scarcity, problems in access to labor welfare schemes, and labor protection policies in the construction industry and recommends the most effective and appropriate mitigation steps to address these issues.
13

Mikhailov, A. V. "Influence of the Fourth industrial Revolution on the transformation of labor protection standards." Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 48 (66)—54 (73). http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2011-07.

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The Fourth industrial Revolution, together with the transformation of labor law in connection with the further digitalization of production processes, implies further development and change of the norms of the Institute of labor protection. Based on the analysis of possible prospects for the development of legal relations in this area, the conclusion is made about the complexity of legal regulation of labor protection due to the increase in the volume of remote labor and the use of online control of production processes. English version of this article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/impact-of-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-on-the-transformation-of-labour-safety-standards/63659.html
14

Galieva, G. F., E. V. Sazanova, E. N. Dik, and R. R. Amineva. "Study of Current Trends of Participation of Population of the BRICS and OECD Countries in the Global Online Labor Market." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management 13, no. 3 (August 2, 2023): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1552-2023-13-3-10-23.

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The relevance of the study is the need to study current trends in the global online employment market in developed and developing countries in order to level out possible imbalances in the labor market in the context of digital development.The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis and identify the features of the participation of the population of the BRICS and OECD countries in the functioning of the global online labor market at the present stage, as well as to determine measures to ensure the balanced development of the traditional labor market in the implementation of new forms of online employment.The objectives of the study are to identify the level of formation of the basic conditions for the access of the population of some BRICS and OECD countries to the global online labor market; to determine trends in the participation of the population of the BRICS and OECD countries in the global online labor market; to form recommendations to ensure the balanced development of the traditional market in the conditions of the activation of the online labor market.Methodology. The study was conducted using the method of content analysis of information from open sources, methods of comparative and economic analysis. The results of data analysis are presented using systematization methods, tabular and graphical methods. The formation of recommendations is provided by the use of the logical method, as well as analysis and synthesis.Results. The gap in the level of formation of basic conditions for access to digital infrastructure between the BRICS and OECD countries has been revealed, which determines their differences in the use of the potential of the global online labor market. It has been established that the global online labor market is generally more preferable for employers from developed OECD countries and specialists from developing BRICS countries. The directions of expanding the possibilities of using the potential of the global online labor market for the BRICS and OECD countries are substantiated.Conclusion. The analysis confirmed the authors' assumption that there are significant differences between developed and developing countries in using the potential of public participation in the global online labor market.
15

Peng, Renzhong, Qiqin Hu, and Bochra Kouider. "Teachers’ Acceptance of Online Teaching and Emotional Labor in the EFL Context." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 19, 2023): 13893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813893.

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The recent growth and sustainability in online education have led to a greater demand for language teachers to accept online teaching and a heightened focus on language teachers’ emotions in an online setting. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study attempted to investigate the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ acceptance of online teaching and their emotional labor in online teaching. A questionnaire was distributed to 338 EFL teachers working at 19 middle schools and 24 high schools in China, and 10 teachers were interviewed. Following a series of analyses of the data, a structural relationship model integrating acceptance of online teaching and online teaching emotional labor strategies was developed and tested. The results indicate that EFL teachers’ acceptance of online teaching significantly predicts three emotional labor strategies in online teaching. Specifically, EFL teachers’ acceptance of online teaching positively influences deep acting and expression of naturally felt emotions, while negatively affecting surface acting. The obtained results address important theoretical, methodological, and practical gaps by examining the interplay between acceptance of online teaching and emotional labor in the context of online language education, a dimension that previous studies have largely overlooked.
16

Zhang, Gong, and Shulei Bi. "Evolutionary game analysis of online game studios and online game companies participating in the virtual economy of online games." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (January 24, 2024): e0296374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296374.

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In the context of the new economic development in the post-pandemic era, "play" labor as an important component of digital work has become an inexhaustible driving force for the growth of the digital economy. Previous research has shown that "play" labor, as an emerging business model, can effectively promote the growth of the digital economy. However, there is a relative lack of research on the dynamic evolutionary game between "play" labor suppliers represented by game studios and online gaming companies. In this study, we applied the theoretical approach of dynamic evolutionary game theory to establish a game model depicting the evolution of both parties involved in the virtual economy of online gaming. The aim was to investigate the strategic selection mechanisms and influencing factors for game studios and online gaming companies participating in the virtual economy of online gaming. By analyzing the evolutionary game path, equilibrium points, and factors influencing the evolutionary game outcome, as well as conducting numerical simulation analysis using Matlab software, we found that the incremental gains and costs resulting from the strategic choices of online gaming companies and game studios in engaging in the virtual economy of online gaming affect the evolutionary outcomes. In addition, for the probability ratio of online game studios and online game companies choosing to participate in the virtual economy of online games, whether it is online game studios or online game companies, the larger the initialization ratio, the more likely the evolution result is to develop in a mutually beneficial direction. After an in-depth analysis and discussion of the evolutionary game results, relevant policy recommendations were proposed. We hope to provide a reference for promoting online game companies to strengthen the adequate supervision of online game studios’ participation in the virtual economy of online games and optimize and improve the virtual economic environment.
17

Shesteryakova, Irina V., and Igor A. Shesteryakov. "LABOR ON ONLINE PLATFORMS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES." European and Asian Law Review 5, no. 1 (2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34076/27821668_2022_5_1_32.

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18

Xia, Chaolun, and Shan Muthukrishnan. "Revenue-Maximizing Stable Pricing in Online Labor Markets." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 5 (September 21, 2017): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v5i1.13299.

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In online labor markets, millions of paid tasks are performed by workers every day. We solve the stable pricing problem, that is, given the information about tasks and workers, to find a revenue-maximizing mechanism — pricing and allocation — that is stable (where no worker or task is treated unfairly), and truthful (tasks reveal their true needs). We propose two truthful, stable mechanisms named SMUP and SMNP. In SMUP, we use randomized uniform pricing, and prove that it has (1 + log h)-guarantee on revenue where h is the maximum price of a task. In SMNP, we use randomized non-uniform pricing, and prove that it has (3+3 log h)-guarantee on revenue, slightly worse than SMUP analytically. However our experiments show, SMNP has much less variance than SMUP. For the online setting when tasks arrive over time, we present a truthful online stable mechanism with (2 + 2 log h)-guarantee on revenue.
19

Campos, Raquel, María Arrazola, and José de Hevia. "Online job search in the Spanish labor market." Telecommunications Policy 38, no. 11 (December 2014): 1095–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2014.09.006.

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20

Fu, Yan, Nan Li, Juan Feng, and Qiang Ye. "Incongruent skills and experiences in online labor market." Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 45 (January 2021): 101025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2020.101025.

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21

Mingaleva, Zh A., and S. V. Shuraleva. "REMOTE EMPLOYMENT THROUGH INTERNET PLATFORMS: CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION IN RUSSIA." Ex jure, no. 2 (2021): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2619-0648-2021-2-102-117.

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Abstract: the article is devoted to the problems of the economic expansion and explosive growth of online internet platform employment. The classifications of digital labor platforms is also considered. Using the methods of bibliographic and statistical analysis, content analysis were identified socio-economic and legal problems arising from online internet platform employment including the risk of employment precarization among young people, women and other vulnerable groups. Assessing the possibility of partial extension of labor law regulation to certain categories of online internet platform workers, the authors focusing on the transnational nature of these platforms, justify the importance of conceptual legal regulation framework for online platform workers at the international and regional levels, including the EAEU. The question of the applicability of home work international labor standards to the online internet platform employment relations is considered. The importance of encouraging the internet platforms voluntary initiative towards extension international labor standards to online internet platform workers, especially the right to association, is emphasized.
22

Munoz, Isabel, Pyeonghwa Kim, Clea O'Neil, Michael Dunn, and Steve Sawyer. "Platformization of Inequality: Gender and Race in Digital Labor Platforms." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8, CSCW1 (April 17, 2024): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3637385.

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We contribute empirical and conceptual insights regarding the roles of digital labor platforms in online freelancing, focusing attention to social identities such as gender, race, ethnicity, and occupation. Findings highlight how digital labor platforms reinforce and exacerbate identity-based stereotypes, bias and expectations in online freelance work. We focus on online freelancing as this form of working arrangement is becoming more prevalent. Online freelancing also relies on the market-making power of digital platforms to create an online labor market. Many see this as one likely future of work with less bias. Others worry that labor platforms' market power allows them to embed known biases into new working arrangements: a platformization of inequality. Drawing on data from 108 online freelancers, we discuss six findings: 1) female freelance work is undervalued; 2) gendered occupational expectations; 3) gendered treatment; 4) shared expectations of differential values; 5) racial stereotypes and expectations; and 6) race and ethnicity as an asset. We discuss the role of design in the platformization and visibility of social identity dimensions, and the implications of the reinforced identity perceptions and marginalization in digital labor platforms.
23

Shen, Shaotong. "Play Labor from the Perspective of Marx's Alienated Labor." Journal of Education and Educational Research 4, no. 3 (August 24, 2023): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v4i3.11341.

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The play labor under Marx's alienated labor vision refers to the play as the purpose of the labor, this kind of labor is affected by consumer culture, street sports activities, electronic games and so on. This article through the analysis of Marx's alienated labor theory, and from the daily life of the selection of electronic games this case to explain the alienation mechanism behind the play labor, pointing out the new situation of players being exploited by capital. This paper analyzes Marx's alienated labor theory and makes an in-depth analysis of "play labor from the perspective of Marx's alienated labor". Through the analysis, it can be seen that play labor is a special form of alienated labor which is influenced by consumer culture, street sports activities and electronic games. It not only makes people feel "invisibly enslaved", but also affects the way of behavior and thinking in People's Daily life. In the current social environment, people are used to accepting the fast-food culture, lack of judgment and self-control, it is easy to become a free worker in the game industry chain under the cover of the casual meaning of online games. With the deep integration and development of platform capitalism and information capitalism, digital media technology has gradually erased the boundaries between reality and virtual, leisure and labor. Scholars have attributed this behavior of participating in online games for the purpose of entertainment and leisure and generating a large amount of surplus value for game companies to a new form of digital labor -- play labor.
24

Gregory, Karen, and Sava Saheli Singh. "Anger in Academic Twitter: Sharing, Caring, and Getting Mad Online." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 16, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i1.890.

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This article examines two different cases or “events” in Twitter to understand the role that negative emotions play in online discussions of academic labor. As academic labor conditions deteriorate and academics take to online spaces, they do so to critique, connect, and organize. We suggest that negative emotions may play a productive role in raising awareness of labor issues, as well as serving as a site for organizing across academic hierarchies and beyond the university. Additionally, negative emotions may fuel the production of new networks, personal, and professional connections. However, as we show, anger online can also provoke substantive repercussions, both personally and institutionally. We suggest that paying attention to the role that negative emotions play on Twitter can help academics gain a better sense of how to use their digital labor for collective action.
25

Gregory, Karen, and Sava Saheli Singh. "Anger in Academic Twitter: Sharing, Caring, and Getting Mad Online." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 16, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol16iss1pp176-193.

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This article examines two different cases or “events” in Twitter to understand the role that negative emotions play in online discussions of academic labor. As academic labor conditions deteriorate and academics take to online spaces, they do so to critique, connect, and organize. We suggest that negative emotions may play a productive role in raising awareness of labor issues, as well as serving as a site for organizing across academic hierarchies and beyond the university. Additionally, negative emotions may fuel the production of new networks, personal, and professional connections. However, as we show, anger online can also provoke substantive repercussions, both personally and institutionally. We suggest that paying attention to the role that negative emotions play on Twitter can help academics gain a better sense of how to use their digital labor for collective action.
26

Rochadiat, Annisa M. P., Stephanie Tom Tong, Jeffrey T. Hancock, and Chloe Rose Stuart-Ulin. "The Outsourcing of Online Dating: Investigating the Lived Experiences of Online Dating Assistants Working in the Contemporary Gig Economy." Social Media + Society 6, no. 3 (July 2020): 205630512095729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120957290.

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A small cottage industry emerging within the larger gig economy is online dating assistant (ODA) companies that allow paying clients to outsource the labor associated with online dating, including profile development, date selection and matching, and even interaction (i.e., ODAs assume their clients’ identities to exchange messages with other [unsuspecting] daters to secure face-to-face dates). The newness of this industry presents an opportunity to investigate the lived experience of remote employees working in an up-and-coming virtual organization. Through interviews with six ODAs, we explored motivations, day-to-day workflow, and development of work identities. Analysis uncovered unique challenges ODAs faced when performing the “human-based” tasks of online dating, which differed starkly from other popular services being bought and sold in the gig economy (e.g., rideshare, food delivery). Findings also show how ODAs engage in pragmatic and critical sensemaking as they navigate the specific challenges associated with ODA labor, and those created by remote work and gig labor, more generally.
27

Kuselias, Stephen. "Who are you? Inconsistent identity reporting in online labor markets." Accounting Research Journal 33, no. 3 (April 15, 2020): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-05-2019-0090.

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Purpose Online labor pools continue to grow in popularity, serving as an inexpensive, readily available source of research data. Despite early skepticism, accounting research has generally found evidence that supports the use of these labor pools. However, one important distinction unique to online labor markets is the pre-screening process that qualifies participants for future studies. As the identity of online participants are generally unknown, researchers rely on participants’ self-reported identities to establish a pool of qualified respondents. This paper aims to provide evidence of the reliability of online participants’ answers to pre-screening questions. Design/methodology/approach Following the current literature’s recommendations on pre-screening candidates, I employ a multi-stage design using two similar surveys that are taken by each participant. I compare participants' answers on the first survey and the second survey to provide evidence on the consistency of their responses. Findings My results indicate that online participants are responding with substantial inconsistency to survey questions related to their social identity at a rate that may not be tolerable for many researchers. This has implications for researchers who use these online labor markets to represent a particular population of interest. Originality/value This study is the first to provide evidence on the consistency of online labor market participant responses. Additionally, it is the first to test the efficacy of current recommended guidelines for identifying populations of interest in the literature.
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Pamuji Nugroho, Totok Susilo. "Analisis Komponen Biaya Terhadap Pendapatan Bisnis Online Shop (Studi Kasus Pada Bisnis Online Shop Kota Surakarta)." JAMER : Jurnal Akuntansi Merdeka 2, no. 2 (January 5, 2022): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/jamer.v2i2.60.

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This study aims to determine the cost components needed to generate maximum income in the online shop business from January to June 2021. In order to generate maximum income, there are certainly many factors that must be considered. The population of this study is online business people in Surakarta, totaling 65 people, the sample selection criteria are online business people who earn below 100 million rupiah per year. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the cost of expeditions, raw material costs and labor costs have a positive and significant impact on online shop business income in the city of Surakarta. Simultaneous test results also prove that expedition costs, raw material costs and labor costs also have a positive and significant effect on online shop business income in the city of Surakarta.
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Munoz, Isabel, Michael Dunn, Steve Sawyer, and Emily Michaels. "Platform-mediated Markets, Online Freelance Workers and Deconstructed Identities." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555092.

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We advance the concept of deconstructed identity to explain how online workers' identities are being reshaped, diminished and controlled by digital labor platforms. We focus on online freelance workers and contribute to contemporary conceptualizations regarding worker's self-presentation. The empirical basis for our analysis and theorizing build from two rounds of a longitudinal panel study of online freelance workers and their interactions with online labor platforms. Findings illuminate how online freelancer's identity presentation is constrained by the structuring of their profile, the ratings and client feedback, the algorithms used by the digital platform, and platform's terms of use. Data demonstrate that workers' profiles are focused on skills, reflecting the realities of competing for work in under-regulated labor markets. Study participants report the centrality of client and platform ratings of their work, and the need to manage client feedback and ratings as a core part of their online identity presentation. These findings suggest that, far from a subjective and personal story, a freelancer's identity on a digital labor platform is better understood as a standardized depiction of skills, ratings, and metrics controlled by platform algorithms. Coupled with use policies and evolving platform designs, this platform control creates what seems to be a form of indentured servitude. We further note online freelancers both recognize this control and resist their deconstructed identity.
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Huang, Liming, Tingting Zheng, and Qiaomin Huang. "Online Labor Education Optimization Method Based on Computer Intelligent Algorithm." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 17, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8740978.

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People’s lives are undergoing tremendous changes with the development of the times. Compared with the past, people’s pursuit of spiritual and cultural life also makes our education field usher in a huge development to adapt to the changes in the context of the times. But, at the same time, the development of labor education is gradually being downplayed by people, resulting in a series of problems such as people preferring comfort and not working. Aiming at this common problem, this paper will use the ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm in the computer intelligent algorithm to optimize the way of labor education. It includes the principle and basic process of the ant colony algorithm, the establishment of the mathematical model of the original ant colony algorithm, and the improved algorithm of the ant colony algorithm. The research results of the optimization method of labor education showed the following: when the number of ant colonies reaches 51, the number of iterations of the algorithm will be the least, and the corresponding shortest path is also the best solution; when the combination of pheromone intensity and volatility factor is 3, the optimal solution can be quickly found, and the algorithm inflection point of MMAS is 44.82. From the research results, it can be seen that the computer intelligent algorithm has a good choice for the optimization of labor education and can achieve a major breakthrough in the traditional model of labor education.
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Rahman, Hatim A. "An Exchange Theory Of Relationships In Online Labor Markets." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 17785. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.17785abstract.

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Cerqua, Augusto, and Peter James Urwin. "Unpicking the Gender Hiring Bias in Online Labor Markets." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 16137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.16137abstract.

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Bechky, Beth, Ming D. Leung, Natalia Levina, Hatim A. Rahman, and Melissa Valentine. ""Online Labor Markets: Fad, Fringe, or Future of Work?"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 14694. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.14694symposium.

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Jackman, Laura J. "Writing childbirth: women’s rhetorical agency in labor and online." Technical Communication Quarterly 28, no. 3 (June 4, 2019): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10572252.2019.1618108.

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Ishii, Kumi, and Kris M. Markman. "Online customer service and emotional labor: An exploratory study." Computers in Human Behavior 62 (September 2016): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.04.037.

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Damoska Sekuloska, Jovanka. "INFLUENCE OF THE ONLINE FREELANCING TO THE LABOR MARKET." Economic Development 24, no. 3 (2022): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.55302/ed22243087ds.

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Mourelatos, Evangelos. "Mood and Hiring Choice: An Online Labor Market Experiment." Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 106 (October 2023): 102069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2023.102069.

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Казакова, Е. А., М. С. Сандомирская, А. Д. Суворов, А. И. Хажгериева, and Р. К. Шавшин. "Platforms, online labor markets, and crowdsourcing. Part 2. Crowdsourcing." Journal of the New Economic Association, no. 4(61) (December 18, 2023): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/22212264_2023_4_128-144.

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Li, Hanlin, Brent Hecht, and Stevie Chancellor. "All That’s Happening behind the Scenes: Putting the Spotlight on Volunteer Moderator Labor in Reddit." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 16 (May 31, 2022): 584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19317.

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Online volunteers are an uncompensated yet valuable labor force for many social platforms. For example, volunteer content moderators perform a vast amount of labor to maintain online communities. However, as social platforms like Reddit favor revenue generation and user engagement, moderators are under-supported to manage the expansion of online communities. To preserve these online communities, developers and researchers of social platforms must account for and support as much of this labor as possible. In this paper, we quantitatively characterize the publicly visible and invisible actions taken by moderators on Reddit, using a unique dataset of private moderator logs for 126 subreddits and over 900 moderators. Our analysis of this dataset reveals the heterogeneity of moderation work across both communities and moderators. Moreover, we find that analyzing only visible work – the dominant way that moderation work has been studied thus far – drastically underestimates the amount of human moderation labor on a subreddit. We discuss the implications of our results on content moderation research and social platforms.
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Chen, Zhilong, Xiaochong Lan, Jinghua Piao, Yunke Zhang, and Yong Li. "A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Algorithm-Mediated Labor of Online Food Deliverers in China." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555585.

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In recent years, China has witnessed the proliferation and success of the online food delivery industry, an emerging type of the gig economy. Online food deliverers who deliver the food from restaurants to customers play a critical role in enabling this industry. Mediated by algorithms and coupled with interactions with multiple stakeholders, this emerging kind of labor has been taken by millions of people. In this paper, we present a mixed-methods analysis to investigate this labor of online food deliverers and uncover how the mediation of algorithms shapes it. Combining large-scale quantitative data-driven investigations of 100,000 deliverers' behavioral data with in-depth qualitative interviews with 15 online food deliverers, we demonstrate their working activities, identify how algorithms mediate their delivery procedures, and reveal how they perceive their relationships with different stakeholders as a result of their algorithm-mediated labor. Our findings provide important implications for enabling better experiences and more humanized labor of deliverers as well as workers in gig economies of similar kinds.
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Soriano, Cheryll Ruth R., and Jason Vincent A. Cabañes. "Entrepreneurial Solidarities: Social Media Collectives and Filipino Digital Platform Workers." Social Media + Society 6, no. 2 (April 2020): 205630512092648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120926484.

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The article examines the role of social media groups for online freelance workers in the Philippines—digital workers obtaining “gigs” from online labor platforms such as Upwork and Onlinejobs.ph—for social facilitation and collective organizing. The article first problematizes labor marginality in the context of online freelance platform workers situated in the middle of competing narratives of precarity and opportunity. We then examine unique forms of solidarity emerging from social media groups formed by these geographically spread digital workers. Drawing from participant observation in online freelance Facebook groups, as well as interviews and focus groups with 31 online freelance workers located in the cities of Manila, Cebu, and Davao, we found that online Filipino freelancers maintain active social interaction and exchange that can be construed as “entrepreneurial solidarities.” These solidarities are characterized by competing discourses of ambiguity, precarity, opportunity, and adaptation that are articulated and visualized through ambient socialities. While we argue that these entrepreneurial solidarities do not reflect a passive and simplistic acceptance of neoliberal discourses about digital labor by digital workers, the solidarities forged in these groups also work to undermine their resistive potential such that these tend to reinforce rather than impose pressure toward critical structural changes that can improve the viability of digital labor conditions.
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Ticona, Julia. "Red flags, sob stories, and scams: The contested meaning of governance on carework labor platforms." New Media & Society 24, no. 7 (July 2022): 1548–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14614448221099233.

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Labor platform scams are an opportunity to integrate scholarship about governance across social media and labor platforms. Labor platforms have borrowed governance mechanisms from social media to cultivate trust among users and remove problematic content. However, while these platforms may share governance strategies, labor platforms mediate employment relationships between workers and clients with different amounts of power. Based on a multistakeholder ethnography of carework labor platforms, online careworker forums, and interviews, this study describes scams on carework labor platforms. Labor platforms narrate workers into the role of technology consumers, constricting their own obligations to workers. Workers’ explanations of scams vary, with some contesting and others aligning with platform narratives. Some workers seek support in online forums, which remediate the harm of scams for some but also enroll workers in unpaid labor. These scams challenge the assumption of antagonism between the interests of workers and platform companies and highlight the consumerization of work.
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Sun, Gengxin. "Quantitative Analysis of Online Labor Platforms’ Algorithmic Management Influence on Psychological Health of Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (March 3, 2023): 4519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054519.

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Online labor platforms (OLPs) can use algorithms to strengthen the control of the labor process. In fact, they construct work circumstances with higher work requirements and pressure. Workers’ autonomy in behavior is limited, which will have a great influence on their labor psychology. In this paper, taking the online take-out platform as an example and by using a qualitative study of take-out riders’ delivery processes, which were supplemented by semi-structured, in-depth interviews with online platform executives and engineers, we used grounded theory to explore the influencing factors of OLPs’ algorithmic management on take-out riders’ working psychology. The quantitative analysis results showed that, in the context of conflict between work autonomy and algorithmic management, platform workers experienced psychological tensions relating to work satisfaction, compensation, and belonging. Our research contributes to protect public health and labor rights of OLP workers.
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Dong, Lingfeng, Ting Ji, and Jie Zhang. "Effects of Conversation Politeness on Hiring Decision in Online Labor Markets: An Inverted U-Shaped Relationship Exploration." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 15351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215351.

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This study examined the effect of politeness, as a key reflection of linguistic features of conversation in the online labor marketplace, on hiring behavior. Drawing on the politeness theory, a non-linear relationship was theorized. A hypothesis was put forward and examined against a large-scale archival dataset from a Chinese online labor market. Using an econometric model, the results demonstrated that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between politeness and hiring decisions. The study offers theoretical implications to the online labor market literature and politeness theory by providing empirical insights on the role of politeness in hiring decision. In addition, our findings offer beneficial and practical contributions for vendors and platform operators.
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Huang, Ronggui. "Network fields, cultural identities and labor rights communities: Big data analytics with topic model and community detection." Chinese Journal of Sociology 5, no. 1 (January 2019): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x18820500.

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The Weibo platform is a social space for interaction and expression. This requires scholars to examine, in a simultaneous fashion, communication patterns and the communicated content among Weibo users. Based on theories of ‘network and culture’ and relational sociology, this article contends that network fields and the communicated cultural meanings are mutually constituted. A latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model and social network analysis techniques were used to examine 51,288 Weibo posts published by users concerned for workers revealing the relationship between community structures and communities’ focal topics. Specifically, the result of LDA topic modeling shows that the focal topics regarding labor issues could be categorized into four groups: workers’ culture (art and entertainment) and welfare; predicaments and problems; strikes (rights defending actions) and labor organizations; and institutions and labor rights. Analysis of interaction patterns among users resulted in the identification of five major online communities which, based on the primary communicated topics within communities, were labeled as the Labor Homeland Community; Labor Culture Community; Labor Rights Protection Community; Labor Interest Concerned Community; and Labor Institution Concerned Community. The results also showed two new trends in relation to labor issues: first, workers’ culture and their integration into urban life have garnered increasing online attention with the growth of new generation workers; and second, the Weibo platform provides an interaction channel for labor researchers and labor non-governmental organizations, and such interaction facilitates the latter to critically reflect the current conditions or plights of workers from an institutional/structural perspective. This article concludes with a discussion about the significance of utilizing big data analytics to study online culture and social mentality.
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Gutiérrez, Elizabeth, Ben Lourie, Alexander Nekrasov, and Terry Shevlin. "Are Online Job Postings Informative to Investors?" Management Science 66, no. 7 (July 2020): 3133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3450.

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Human capital is a key factor in value creation in the modern corporation. Yet the disclosure of investment in human capital is scant. We propose that a company’s online job postings are disclosures made outside of the investor-relations channel that contain forward-looking information that could be informative to investors about future growth. We find that changes in the number of job postings are positively associated with changes in future performance and that this relation is stronger when postings likely represent growth rather than replacement. Consistent with job postings providing new information to the market, investors react positively to changes in the number of job postings. The market reaction to postings is stronger when firms are likely to be hiring for growth rather than replacement and for firms with low labor intensity (and therefore high marginal productivity of labor). This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
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Fu, Yan, Juan Feng, and Qiang Ye. "Skill Spanning in the Online Labor Market: A Double-Edged Sword?" Journal of the Association for Information Systems 23, no. 3 (2022): 750–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00739.

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Freelancers in online labor markets often display many skills in their profiles to increase their chances of being hired. However, such behavior may lead to the skills they display straddling multiple categories, that is, “skill spanning.” In this paper, we extend the concept of category spanning into online labor markets in the form of skill spanning and empirically examine (1) how freelancers’ skill spanning affects employers’ hiring decisions for two different types of jobs (low- and high-skill jobs, respectively), and (2) how freelancers’ skill matching moderates the effects of skill spanning on employers’ hiring decisions. Based on a unique dataset of 12,428 high-skill jobs and 19,875 low-skill jobs on a leading online labor platform, we find that freelancers’ skill spanning has different impacts on employers’ hiring decisions for these two job types. Specifically, for high-skill jobs, freelancers’ skill spanning reduces their likelihood of winning contracts; however, for low-skill jobs, freelancers’ skill spanning and their probabilities of winning contracts demonstrate an inverse U-shape relationship. Furthermore, freelancers’ skill matching can moderate the negative effects of skill spanning for high-skill jobs but not for low-skill jobs. Our findings provide guidelines for different stakeholders in online labor markets, including freelancers and platform owners.
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Andrejevic, Mark B. "Surveillance and Alienation in the Online Economy." Surveillance & Society 8, no. 3 (September 9, 2010): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v8i3.4164.

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The critical literature on commercial monitoring and so-called “free labor” (Terranova, 2000) locates exploitation in realms beyond the workplace proper, noting the productivity of networked activity including the creation of user-generated-content and the profitability of commercial sites for social networking and communication. The changing context of productivity in these realms, however, requires further development of a critical concept of exploitation. This article defines exploitation as the extraction of unpaid, coerced, and alienated labor. It considers how such a definition might apply to various forms of unpaid but profit-generating online activity, arguing that commercial monitoring redoubles the conscious, intentional activity of users in ways that render it amenable to a critique of exploitation. Given the role of commercial monitoring in the emerging online economy, the paper emphasizes the importance of supplementing privacy critiques with approaches that identify the ways in which new forms of surveillance represent a form of power that seeks to manage and control consumer behavior.
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Chen, Wei-Chu, Siddharth Suri, and Mary L. Gray. "More Than Money: Correlation among Worker Demographics, Motivations, and Participation in Online Labor Market." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 13 (July 6, 2019): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v13i01.3216.

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Most prior research about online labor markets examines the dynamics of a single work platform and either worker demographics or motivations associated with that site. How demographics and motives correlate with each other, and with engagement across multiple platforms, remains understudied. To bridge this gap, we analyze survey responses from 1700 people working across four different online labor platforms to understand: What motivates people to participate in online labor markets and how do individual motives correspond to larger demographic patterns and structural dynamics that more broadly shape traditional employment opportunities? Our results show that age, gender, education, and number of income sources help explain who does ondemand work, when they do it, and why. Even more striking, these broader social dimensions of work correlate with when and why individuals work across multiple on-demand platform companies. Together, these factors structure ondemand labor markets more than individual choice or the presumed “flexibility” of on-demand work alone.
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Kim, Hyoung-Ryoul. "P-522 WORK ENVIRONMENT AND OVERWORK AMONG SALES AND LOGISTICS WORKERS IN KOREA." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1295.

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Abstract Introduction As online orders expand, offline stores are shrinking, and logistics and delivery are becoming key business areas. There is also a big change in the working environment of workers at large discount stores. Methods In this study, offline sales workers, online order packaging, online order delivery workers were interviewed about the working environment, and labor intensity evaluation using heart rate measurement was conducted. A total of 13 people were evaluated for labor intensity using heart rate, and interviews were conducted on the working environment. Results Sales and packaging workers worked eight hours a day and five days a week, but the majority worked Saturday and Sunday. Online delivery workers worked 26 days a month and were off 4 days a month. They had two days off every two weeks, so they worked 13-14 days in a row. In addition, they often do delivery work at night and do other side jobs in the morning, so the total working hours per day were often 15-16 hours. In the labor intensity evaluation using heart rate, some overwork was confirmed in packaging workers, and overwork due to long working hours was also confirmed in delivery workers. Discussion Rather than being positive for the working environment, these changes are heading toward threatening the safety of workers, such as increasing labor intensity, increasing working hours, and increasing night labor.
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