Journal articles on the topic 'Online invitation methods'
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Zakharia, Elia. "Pengaruh Penerapan Invitation Dialog pada Online Course." Jurnal SAINTEKOM 7, no. 2 (September 25, 2017): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.33020/saintekom.v7i2.43.
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Invitation is a helpful hint, usually shown first when user open application or form. The form of invitation implementation is very diverse, and one of them is invitation dialog. The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of invitation dialog implementation on online course, in terms of usability (effectiveness and efficiency).Methods to achieve the purpose of this study consisted of five stages, namely requirement analysis of invitation dialog interface, design the interface, construct the prototype, usability testing and data collection, last data analysis and interpretation.Based on the test results from 32 Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta (UAJY) students, implementation of invitation dialog affects the effectiveness of online course usage 93.75%, and efficiency 56.603%. Invitation dialog on the online course has a good effect on efficiency, but it does not have a significant impact on efficiency.
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Kitchener, H., M. Gittins, M. Cruickshank, C. Moseley, S. Fletcher, R. Albrow, A. Gray, et al. "A cluster randomized trial of strategies to increase uptake amongst young women invited for their first cervical screen: The STRATEGIC trial." Journal of Medical Screening 25, no. 2 (May 22, 2017): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141317696518.
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Objectives To measure the feasibility and effectiveness of interventions to increase cervical screening uptake amongst young women. Methods A two-phase cluster randomized trial conducted in general practices in the NHS Cervical Screening Programme. In Phase 1, women in practices randomized to intervention due for their first invitation to cervical screening received a pre-invitation leaflet and, separately, access to online booking. In Phase 2, non-attenders at six months were randomized to one of: vaginal self-sample kits sent unrequested or offered; timed appointments; nurse navigator; or the choice between nurse navigator or self-sample kits. Primary outcome was uplift in intervention vs. control practices, at 3 and 12 months post invitation. Results Phase 1 randomized 20,879 women. Neither pre-invitation leaflet nor online booking increased screening uptake by three months (18.8% pre-invitation leaflet vs. 19.2% control and 17.8% online booking vs. 17.2% control). Uptake was higher amongst human papillomavirus vaccinees at three months (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.69–2.53, p < 0.001). Phase 2 randomized 10,126 non-attenders, with 32–34 clusters for each intervention and 100 clusters as controls. Sending self-sample kits increased uptake at 12 months (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20–1.91, p = 0.001), as did timed appointments (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.14–1.74, p = 0.001). The offer of a nurse navigator, a self-sample kits on request, and choice between timed appointments and nurse navigator were ineffective. Conclusions Amongst non-attenders, self-sample kits sent and timed appointments achieved an uplift in screening over the short term; longer term impact is less certain. Prior human papillomavirus vaccination was associated with increased screening uptake.
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Jin, Liyin. "Improving Response Rates in Web Surveys with Default Setting: The Effects of Default on Web Survey Participation and Permission." International Journal of Market Research 53, no. 1 (January 2011): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-53-1-075-094.
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Researchers are increasingly using internet instruments such as email and online surveys as data-collection methods. However, web survey response rates are fairly low, which threatens the efficiency of web surveys. To use web surveys to gather data effectively, it is thus critical to improve the response rate of participants without compromising the low-cost advantage of this approach. The goal of this study is to explore the effects of default settings on consumers' web survey participation with a series of online field experiments. The findings are as follows. First, default settings affect respondents' choice of online survey participation. Compared with the ‘no default’ condition, nearly 25% more respondents chose to take a longer survey when ‘taking longer survey’ was set as the default option. Second, survey length influences respondents' willingness to participate in a future survey. Respondents who took longer surveys were more likely to accept an invitation to participate in a future survey. Third, default settings and survey length create a significant interaction effect that drives participation. Default effects are stronger when respondents have participated in a short survey instead of a long one. Finally, in the context of a web-based survey, default settings change both consumer participation and email invitations permission rates due to the ‘trade-off aversion’ principle.
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Ryan, Mairead, Jo Waller, and Laura AV Marlow. "Could changing invitation and booking processes help women translate their cervical screening intentions into action? A population-based survey of women’s preferences in Great Britain." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e028134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028134.
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ObjectivesMany women who do not attend screening intend to go, but do not get around to booking an appointment. Qualitative work suggests that these ‘intenders’ face more practical barriers to screening than women who are up-to-date (‘maintainers’). This study explored practical barriers to booking a screening appointment and preferences for alternative invitation and booking methods that might overcome these barriers.DesignA cross-sectional survey was employed.SettingGreat Britain.ParticipantsWomen aged 25–64, living in Great Britain who intended to be screened but were overdue (‘intenders’, n=255) and women who were up-to-date with screening (‘maintainers’, n=359).Results‘Intenders’ reported slightly more barriers than ‘maintainers’ overall (mean=1.36 vs 1.06, t=3.03, p<0.01) and were more likely to think they might forget to book an appointment (OR=2.87, 95% CI: 2.01 to 4.09). Over half of women said they would book on a website using a smartphone (62%), a computer (58%) or via an app (52%). Older women and women from lower social grades were less likely to say they would use online booking methods (all ps <0.05). Women who reported two or more barriers were more likely to say they would use online booking than women who reported none (ps <0.01).ConclusionsWomen who are overdue for screening face practical barriers to booking appointments. Future interventions may assess the efficacy of changing the architecture of the invitation and booking system. This may help women overcome logistical barriers to participation and increase coverage for cervical screening.
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Barber, Michael J., Christopher B. Mann, J. Quin Monson, and Kelly D. Patterson. "Online Polls and Registration-Based Sampling: A New Method for Pre-Election Polling." Political Analysis 22, no. 3 (2014): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpt023.
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This article outlines a new method for surveys to study elections and voter attitudes. Pre-election surveys often suffer from an inability to identify and survey the likely electorate for the upcoming election. We propose a new and inexpensive method to conduct representative surveys of the electorate. We demonstrate the performance of our method in producing a representative sample of the future electorate that can be used to study campaign dynamics and many other issues. We compare pre-election outcome forecasts to election outcomes in seven primary and general election surveys conducted prior to the 2008 and 2010 primary and general elections in three states. The results indicate that the methodology produces representative samples, including in low-turnout elections such as primaries where traditional methods have difficulty consistently sampling the electorate. This new methodology combines Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling, mailed invitation letters, and online administration of the questionnaire. The PPS sample is drawn based on a model employing variables from the publicly available voter file to produce a probability of voting score for each individual voter. The proposed method provides researchers a valuable tool to study the attitudes of the voting public.
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Atyia, Sara A., Frank P. Paloucek, Allison R. Butts, Douglas R. Oyler, Craig A. Martin, Aric D. Schadler, and Aaron M. Cook. "Impact of PhORCAS references on overall application score for postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency candidates." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 15 (June 15, 2020): 1237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa152.
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Abstract Purpose The disparity between the number of applicants for postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency positions and the number of available residency positions increases the need to optimize how applicants are evaluated. The purpose of the study described here was to evaluate the correlation of ratings of residency candidate characteristics by academic and professional references listed on residency applications with overall application score, applicant ranking, and the likelihood of candidates receiving an invitation to interview. Methods A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the correlation of reference writers’ ratings of 13 candidate characteristics and their overall recommendations with program-determined outcomes (eg, final application score, applicant ranking, and invitation to interview) through analysis of PGY1 applications submitted through the Pharmacy Online Residency Centralized Application System (PhORCAS) from 2015 through 2018. Keywords and themes within the open-ended section of letters of reference were also analyzed for correlation with overall application score. Results A total of 5,923 references listed on 1,867 applications to 4 PGY1 pharmacy residency programs processed by PhORCAS were included in the analysis. For the majority of applicant characteristic ratings (ie, 74% of 56,872 ratings overall), reference writers rated candidates as exceeding expectations, and applicants were “highly recommended” by these evaluators in 91% of cases. References’ average characteristic ratings and overall recommendations were poorly correlated with final application score (R2 = 0.12 [P < 0.0001] and R2 = 0.08 [P < 0.0001], respectively), final ranking (R2 = 0.02 [P < 0.0001] and R2 = 0.03 [P < 0.0001], respectively), and invitation to interview (R2 = 0.07 [P < 0.0001] and R2 = 0.04 [P < 0.0001], respectively). For the themes evaluated, references’ use of teaching words best correlated with normalized final application score, although the correlation was poor (R2 = 0.007, P = 0.0001). Conclusion Reference writers’ ratings of PGY1 residency candidate characteristics in PhORCAS are poorly correlated with application score, applicant ranking, and invitation to interview. The results of this study suggest that the existing PhORCAS standardized form for submitting references is of limited utility in its current state.
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Fernández-Sanlés, Alba, Daniel Smith, Gemma L. Clayton, Kate Northstone, Alice R. Carter, Louise AC Millard, Maria Carolina Borges, et al. "Bias from questionnaire invitation and response in COVID-19 research: an example using ALSPAC." Wellcome Open Research 6 (July 19, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17041.1.
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Background: Longitudinal studies are crucial for identifying potential risk factors for infection with, and consequences of, COVID-19, but relationships can be biased if they are associated with invitation and response to data collection. We describe factors relating to questionnaire invitation and response in COVID-19 questionnaire data collection in a multigenerational birth cohort (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC). Methods: We analysed online questionnaires completed between the beginning of the pandemic and easing of the first UK lockdown by participants with valid email addresses who had not actively disengaged from the study. We assessed associations of pre-pandemic sociodemographic, behavioural, anthropometric and health-related factors with: i) being sent a questionnaire; ii) returning a questionnaire; and iii) item response (for specific questions). Analyses were conducted in three cohorts: the index children born in the early 1990s (now young adults; 41 variables assessed), their mothers (35 variables) and the mothers’ partners (27 variables). Results: Of 14,849 young adults, 41% were sent a questionnaire, of whom 57% returned one. Item response was >95%. In this cohort, 78% of factors were associated with being sent a questionnaire, 56% with returning one, and, as an example of item response, 20% with keyworker status response. For instance, children from mothers educated to degree-level had greater odds of being sent a questionnaire (OR=5.59; 95% CI=4.87-6.41), returning one (OR=1.60; 95% CI=1.31-1.95), and responding to items (e.g., keyworker status OR=1.65; 95% CI=0.88-3.04), relative to children from mothers with fewer qualifications. Invitation and response rates and associations were similar in all cohorts. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of considering potential biases due to non-response when using longitudinal studies in COVID-19 research and interpreting results. We recommend researchers report response rates and factors associated with invitation and response in all COVID-19 observational research studies, which can inform sensitivity analyses.
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García Becerra, Olalla. "Survey Research on Quality Expectations in Interpreting: The Effect of Method of Administration on Subjects’ Response Rate." Meta 60, no. 3 (April 5, 2016): 542–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036142ar.
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The use of new technologies within research into interpreting quality has produced new tools that are expected to increase the number of subjects taking part in survey studies. The growth of Internet users has led to a rise of online questionnaires mainly as a result of their time saving advantages. This paper compares the response rate obtained using three different ways of presenting a questionnaire about quality expectations in interpreting to subjects: in person, via an invitation to take part in an online questionnaire and by including the questionnaire within the text of an email to the subjects. The results of this study show that the subjects tend to participate more when the questionnaire is administered in person. In general male participation was higher than female, but no significant difference was observed with respect to the method of administration. Regarding the particular field of knowledge, the group of subjects working in a scientific and technological area was the only one in which the response rate for the paper “in person” questionnaire was not notably higher than for the other methods.
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Levine, Martha S., and Nancy K. Lowe. "Measuring Nurse Attitudes About Childbirth: Revision and Pilot Testing of the Nurse Attitudes and Beliefs Questionnaire." Journal of Nursing Measurement 23, no. 2 (2015): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.23.2.287.
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Background and Purpose: Labor/delivery nurse attitudes and beliefs may affect nursing care decisions and patient outcomes. This psychometric study was conducted to revise the Nurse Attitudes and Beliefs Questionnaire-Revised (NABQ-R). Methods: The NABQ-R contains 42 items scored with a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). An online survey invitation was sent to Colorado intrapartum nurses with 84 complete surveys returned. Results: The NABQ-R scores ranged from 82 to 156 and the Cronbach’s alpha was .90. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and all items loaded on at least 1 factor. Conclusions: Our results support acceptable initial psychometric properties for the NABQ-R consistent with existing theory indicating that the NABQ-R shows promise for use in future studies.
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Murray, Andrew, Astrid Junge, Patrick Gordon Robinson, Mario Bizzini, Andre Bossert, Benjamin Clarsen, Daniel Coughlan, et al. "International consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injuries and illnesses in golf." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 19 (August 26, 2020): 1136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102380.
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Epidemiological studies of injury in elite and recreational golfers have lacked consistency in methods and definitions employed and this limits comparison of results across studies. In their sports-generic statement, the Consensus Group recruited by the IOC (2020) called for sport-specific consensus statements. On invitation by International Golf Federation, a group of international experts in sport and exercise medicine, golf research and sports injury/illness epidemiology was selected to prepare a golf-specific consensus statement. Methodological stages included literature review and initial drafting, online feedback from the consensus group, revision and second draft, virtual consensus meetings and completion of final version. This consensus statement provides golf-specific recommendations for data collection and research reporting including: (i) injury and illness definitions, and characteristics with golf-specific examples, (ii) definitions of golf-specific exposure measurements and recommendations for the calculation of prevalence and incidence, (iii) injury, illness and exposure report forms for medical staff and for golfers, and (iv) a baseline questionnaire. Implementation of the consensus methodology will enable comparison among golf studies and with other sports. It facilitates analysis of causative factors for injuries and illness in golf, and can also be used to evaluate the effects of prevention programmes to support the health of golfers.
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Graham, Rumi, and Christina Winter. "What Happened After the 2012 Shift in Canadian Copyright Law? An Updated Survey on How Copyright is Managed across Canadian Universities." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 3 (September 18, 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8g953.
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Abstract
Objective – The purpose of this study is to understand the practices and approaches followed by Canadian universities in copyright education, permissions clearance, and policy development in light of major changes to Canadian copyright law that occurred in mid-2012. The study also seeks to identify aspects of copyright management perceived by the universities to be challenging.
Methods – In 2015, an invitation to complete an online survey on institutional copyright practices was sent to the senior administrator at member libraries of Canada’s four regional academic library consortia. The invitation requested completion of the survey by the person best suited to respond on behalf of the institution. Study methods were largely adapted from those used in a 2008 survey conducted by another researcher who targeted members of same library consortia.
Results – While the university library maintained its leadership role in copyright matters across the institution, the majority of responding institutions had delegated responsibility for copyright to a position or office explicitly labeled copyright. In contrast, respondents to the 2008 survey most often held the position of senior library administrator. Blanket licensing was an accepted approach to managing copyright across Canadian universities in 2008, but by 2015 it had become a live issue, with roughly half of the respondents indicating their institutions had terminated or were planning to terminate their blanket license.
Conclusion – In just seven years we have witnessed a significant increase in specialized attention paid to copyright on Canadian university campuses and in the breadth of resources dedicated to helping the university community understand, comply with, and exercise various provisions under Canadian copyright law, which include rights for creators and users.
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Gavin, Jeff, Karen Rodham, Neil Coulson, and Leon Watts. "Meeting the support needs of patients with complex regional pain syndrome through innovative use of wiki technology: a mixed-methods study." Health Services and Delivery Research 2, no. 24 (July 2014): 1–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr02240.
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BackgroundUsing online discussion forums can have a positive impact on psychological well-being through development of shared group identity and validation of thoughts, feelings and experiences. This may be particularly beneficial to people with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), who often become socially isolated, lack mobility and face threats to their sense of identity. We set up a peer-support online forum to identify the nature of support provided and to explore its development over time. We then introduced a collaborative writing task to facilitate further the development of social processes implicated in psychological support.Research questions(1) What constitutes support in newly developed online interactions? (2) How does the process of giving and receiving support online evolve? (3) Can the combination of an online forum and a collaborative writing task increase support relative to an online forum alone?DesignThis is a three-phase mixed-methods research design. Phase 1: an online forum was launched. Phase 2: forum members were invited to cowrite a patient-centred CRPS information resource. Phase 3: the resource was shared and feedback was sought.ParticipantsPosts from 26 members (seven males, 19 females) were analysed. The mean age of members was 35.6 years. The number of years since diagnosis was available for 14 members (ranging from 5 months to 10 years with a mean duration of 3.9 years).Data analysisIn order to explore what constitutes support in newly developed online interactions, an inductive thematic analysis was conducted on all ‘introductory posts’ posted during phase 1. In order to explore how the process of giving and receiving support online evolved, a deductive content analysis using the Social Support Behavior Code was conducted on all forum posts posted during the first 12 months.ResultsFive themes were identified in members’ first posts. Three of these themes contributed to the development of a ‘common-identity’ community, while the remaining two established a positive tone, consistent with that of a ‘common-bond’ community. Content analysis revealed that support requests were present in 15.5% of posts: predominantly informational support (8.6%) with the remaining support categories ranging from 1.3% to 2.6%. Social support was present in 88.8% of posts; predominantly emotional support (72.8%) followed by informational (36.2%) and esteem (30.2%) support. For a variety of reasons, we were unable to address the third question fully; we gave all members the option of contributing to the collaborative writing task and anticipated comparing those who accepted the invitation with those who did not. However, either participants continued to take part in the forum and contributed to the writing task, or they ceased to interact with the forum altogether, thereby limiting our ability to compare across time and task.ConclusionsFew members of the forum explicitly requested social support, but many offered it (emotional support was the most prevalent). There was evidence of both common-identity and common-bond community development from the outset. This continued to shape forum interactions throughout the 12 months of the study and set up a space that had an over-riding positive and supportive tone which enabled the members to reach out and offer support to similar others, in effect helping them to re-engage with the wider world. Future work that examines support across networked online communities is necessary.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Abouee-Mehrizi, Amirreza. "A National Survey of Iranian Academicians’ Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccination." Caspian Journal of Health Research 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/cjhr.6.1.334.1.
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Background: Given the importance of using the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the control and prevention of this disease, the aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of Iranian medical and healthcare professionals regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2020. The target population was professors and researchers of Iranian universities of medical sciences. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed in a study on mapping global trends in vaccine confidence. The participants were invited through an online invitation to respond to the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and compared using the Chi-square test. Results: Out of 16500 invitations, 918 subjects participated in the study. Most of the participants were female (55.7%). Almost 51% of participants had a PhD degree. The results showed that 46.3% were not sure about the effectiveness and safety of the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority of participants (67.2 %) responded that the country has to provide the vaccine for free rather than paying the cost of the vaccine. Moreover, 73.0 % preferred the COVID-19 vaccine made in a foreign country to the COVID-19 vaccine made in their own country. The United States followed by Germany have been selected by most Iranian researchers to produce the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: This study showed the high importance of creating a culture and raising the level of awareness and knowledge of the people before the preparation and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine in the community.
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Funkhouser, Ellen, Kavya Vellala, Camille Baltuck, Rita Cacciato, Emily Durand, Deborah McEdward, Ellen Sowell, Sarah E. Theisen, and Gregg H. Gilbert. "Survey Methods to Optimize Response Rate in the National Dental Practice–Based Research Network." Evaluation & the Health Professions 40, no. 3 (January 10, 2016): 332–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278715625738.
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Surveys of health professionals typically have low response rates, and these rates have been decreasing in the recent years. We report on the methods used in a successful survey of dentist members of the National Dental Practice–Based Research Network. The objectives were to quantify the (1) increase in response rate associated with successive survey methods, (2) time to completion with each successive step, (3) contribution from the final method and personal contact, and (4) differences in response rate and mode of response by practice/practitioner characteristics. Dentist members of the network were mailed an invitation describing the study. Subsequently, up to six recruitment steps were followed: initial e-mail, two e-mail reminders at 2-week intervals, a third e-mail reminder with postal mailing a paper questionnaire, a second postal mailing of paper questionnaire, and staff follow-up. Of the 1,876 invited, 160 were deemed ineligible and 1,488 (87% of 1,716 eligible) completed the survey. Completion by step: initial e-mail, 35%; second e-mail, 15%; third e-mail, 7%; fourth e-mail/first paper, 11%; second paper, 15%; and staff follow-up, 16%. Overall, 76% completed the survey online and 24% on paper. Completion rates increased in absolute numbers and proportionally with later methods of recruitment. Participation rates varied little by practice/practitioner characteristics. Completion on paper was more likely by older dentists. Multiple methods of recruitment resulted in a high participation rate: Each step and method produced incremental increases with the final step producing the largest increase.
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Gaur, Vikas, Akhilesh Jain, Gaurav Purohit, and Kiran Gaur. "Psychological Impact of the Corona Virus Lockdown on the General Population: A Cross Sectional Online Survey." Archives of Psychiatry Research 57, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20471/dec.2021.57.02.04.
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Purpose: To assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 infection lockdown on the general population. Methods: From 28th April to 4th May 2020, an online survey was conducted using snowballing sampling and invitation through online social media to participate. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were collected. Psychological impact was assessed with the help of self designed questionnaire adapted from DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 CCSM-Adult scale. Results: In total, there were 568 responses from different cities / villages of the country. Out of these eight responses were excluded from the study because of lack of consent and final sample size analyzed was 560 (358 male, 202 female). Half of the participants were under 35 years of age, 63.9% were male, 49% have done post graduation and 59.1% were living in nuclear family. Analysis of response revealed presence of a high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms ranging from 5.5 % to 49.3% in the participants. Anxiety symptoms (49.3%), manic symptoms (37.3%) depressive symptoms (36.1%), anger issues (28.6%), somatic symptoms (26.3%) and sleep problems (24.5%) were the most common domains of psychiatric symptomatology reported by participants. Conclusion: Our study provides early evidence of a significant psychological impact of COVID-19 infection and lockdown on common people living in the community indicating a need for quick, comprehensive and longitudinal assessment of mental health needs of the population for early diagnosis and prevention of psychiatric disorders.
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Muratova, O. V. "The Concept of Transnational Consumer Law in the Modern World." Lex Russica, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.152.7.020-028.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of changes that have taken place in the regulation of cross-border contractual relations with the participation of consumers in connection with the development of information and telecommunication technologies and e-commerce. The author examines the concept of «transnational online contract» and the influence of a «digital element» on the characteristics of contractual relations. Also, the paper provides for the classification of online contracts with due regard to: 1) the subject matter of the online contract; 2) characteristics of the parties involved in the online contractual relationship; 3) the process of concluding and executing the online contract.Attention is drawn to the fact that new methods of conclusion of contracts has predetermined the emergence of new approaches to qualification of certain aspects of contractual relations between the parties, in particular, it concerns determining the moment of contract conclusion, distinguishing between offer and invitation to offer in online interaction, assessing the validity of online contracts and dispute resolution mechanisms online.The article analyzes the impact of globalization of trade on consumer markets, mechanisms of regulation of transnational consumer relations in the context of e-commerce. It is noted that globalization of trade has pointed to the need to develop a transnational approach to the regulation of e-commerce, to unify and harmonize relevant legal instruments. The author examines the steps taken in this direction within the framework of UNCITRAL, the EU, by the representatives of American business. It is concluded that the US policy concerning consumer protection is aimed at implementation of economic interests of business, which promotes competition and commercial prosperity in the market, but at the same time puts consumers at risk when concluding online contracts. This approach runs counter to the EU policies that promote implementation of social regulation in order to maximize consumer protection.The authors consider Lex mercatoria as a separate source of transnational consumer law.
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Emani, Srinivas, Yichuan Grace Hsieh, Greg Estey, Holly M. Parker, Xiaofeng Zhang, Karen Donelan, and Jeanhee A. Chung. "Researcher Perceptions of a Self-Service Online Portal to Facilitate Volunteer Recruitment into Clinical Trials." ACI Open 05, no. 02 (July 2021): e59-e66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732406.
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Abstract Background Recruitment of volunteers is a major challenge for clinical trials. There has been increasing development and use of Internet-based portals in recruitment for clinical research. There has been little research on researcher use and perceptions of these portals. Objectives This study evaluated researcher perceptions of use of Rally, an Internet-based portal for clinical trial volunteer recruitment. Methods A cross-sectional survey was developed and implemented to understand researcher perceptions. From theoretical models of information technology use, the survey adopted items in four domains: ease of use, usefulness, facilitating conditions, and self-efficacy. The dependent variable was researchers' behavioral intention to use Rally. The survey captured characteristics of researchers such as gender, age, and role. It was implemented using the REDCap survey tool. An email invitation followed by three reminders was sent to researchers. A hierarchical regression model was applied to assess predictors of behavioral intention. Results The survey response rate was 35.6% (152 surveys received from 427 contacted researchers). In the hierarchical regression model, facilitating conditions and self-efficacy predicted behavioral intention (F (4,94) = 6.478; p <0.001). The model explained 21.6% of the variance in behavioral intention (R-square change = 21.3%, p <0.001). Conclusion Facilitating conditions and self-efficacy predicted researchers' behavioral intention to use Rally for volunteer recruitment into clinical trials. Future research should document best practices and strategies for enhancing researcher use of online portals for volunteer recruitment.
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Oberle, Joachim, Florian Grubhofer, Samuel Schmid, and Dominik Baschera. "Perioperative Use of Anticoagulant and Platelet-inhibiting Medications for Elective Spine Surgery: Results of a Nationwide Survey." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 79, no. 05 (March 9, 2018): 398–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615295.
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Background and Study Aims Perioperative use of anticoagulant and platelet-inhibiting agents by patients undergoing spine surgery poses the dilemma of increased risk of hemorrhage. We examined the standards of use for these medications and expert opinions through a nationwide survey. Materials and Methods An online-based survey was conducted by invitation. A personal token to access the survey was sent to one representative of each neurosurgical and orthopaedic unit performing spine surgery and to all other active members of the Swiss Society of Neurosurgery and the Swiss Society of Spinal Surgery. A total of 97 e-mail invitations were sent to 19 representatives of neurosurgical or orthopaedic units and 78 registered neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons who potentially perform spine surgery. Results From February to April 2016, 40 surgeons (26 neurosurgeons, 14 orthopaedic surgeons) completed the survey (41%). Among the respondents, 55% prescribed prophylactic heparin preoperatively; depending on the procedure, 83 to 95% prescribed heparin postoperatively. Depending on the type of surgery, 23 to 48% discontinued acetylic acid preoperatively, and 80 to 87% always discontinued clopidogrel preoperatively. On average, platelet inhibition was resumed 4 ± 2.5 days postoperatively. Orthopaedic surgeons recommenced platelet inhibition earlier than neurosurgeons (p = 0.013). Anticoagulation with rivaroxaban was discontinued 3 ± 2 days before surgery. Depending on the indication, 72 to 98% of respondents temporarily replaced traditional anticoagulation therapy (vitamin K antagonists) with heparin perioperatively. Conclusion Administration and discontinuation of anticoagulant and platelet-inhibiting medications in the perioperative setting of spinal surgery differ vastly between different units and surgeons. Recommendations from the spine surgeon societies may be helpful to develop nationwide guidelines.
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Schneider, Margaret, Tanya Mathew, Madeline Gibson, Christine Zeller, Hardeep Ranu, Adam Davidson, Pamela Dillon, Nia Indelicato, and Aileen Dinkjian. "2286 A CTSA External Reviewer Exchange Consortium: Description and lessons learned." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.39.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To share the experience gained and lessons learned from a cross CTSA collaborative effort to improve the review process for Pilot Studies awards by exchanging external reviewers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The CEREC process is managed by a web-based tracking system that enables all participating members to view at any time the status of reviewer invitations. This online tracking system is supplemented by monthly conference calls during which new calls for proposals are announced and best practices are identified. Each CTSA hub customized the CEREC model based on their individual pilot program needs and review process. Some hubs have supplemented their internal reviews by only posting proposals on CEREC that lack reviewers with significant expertise within their institutions. Other hubs have requested 1–3 external reviewers for each of their proposals or a selection of most promising proposals. In anticipation of potential scoring discrepancies, several hubs added a self-assessment of reviewer expertise and confidence at the end of each review. If a proposal is on the cusp of fundability, then the reviewers’ self-assessment may be taken into account. In addition to the tracking data collected by the online system, a survey of CEREC reviewers was conducted using Qualtrics. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Across the 144 proposals submitted for reviews, CEREC members issued a total of 396 email invitations to potential reviewers. The number of invitations required to yield a reviewer ranged from 1 to 17. A total of 224 invitations were accepted, for a response rate of 56%. An external reviewer was unable to be located for 5 proposals (3%). Ultimately, 196 completed reviews were submitted, for a completion rate of 87%. The most common reasons for non-completion after acceptance of an invitation included reviewer illness and discovery of a conflict of interest. CEREC members found the process extremely useful for locating qualified reviewers who were not in conflict with the proposal being reviewed and for identifying reviewers for proposals related to highly specialized topics. The survey of CEREC reviewers found that they generally found the process easy to navigate and intellectually rewarding. Most would be willing to review additional CEREC proposals in the future. External reviewer comments and scores were generally in agreement with internal reviewer comments and scores. Thus, hubs could factor in external reviewer scores equally to internal reviewer scores, without feeling compelled to calibrate external reviewer scores. Overall, through CEREC external reviewers, mainly due to the stronger matching of scientific expertise and reduction of potential bias, the quality of reviews appear to be higher and more pertinent. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Some aspects of the process emerged that will be addressed in the future to make the system more efficient. One issue that arose was the burden on the system during multiple simultaneous calls for proposals. Future plans call for harmonizing review cycles to avoid these overlaps. Efficiency also will be improved by optimizing the timing of reviewer invitations to minimize the probability of obtaining more reviews than requested. In addition to the original objective of CEREC, the collaboration has led to additional exchange of information regarding methods and processes related to running the Pilot Funding programs. For example, one site developed a method using REDCap to manage their reviewer database; an innovation that is being shared with the other CEREC partners. Another site has a well-developed process for integrating community reviewers into their review process and is sharing their training materials with the remaining CEREC partners.
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Borno, Hala, Christine Duffy, Sylvia Zhang, Zinnia Loya, Todd Golden, Debora Oh, Anobel Y. Odisho, and Scarlett Lin Gomez. "REACT: A feasibility study to test the integration of a cancer registry early case ascertainment process via electronic pathology reporting with an online clinical trial matching tool." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.207.
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207 Background: Representation of diverse patient populations in prostate cancer clinical trials is essential to ensure results are applicable to all men. However, underrepresentation among underserved populations remains a critical problem. Population-based cancer registries provide a potential platform to overcome problems with inclusion of diverse patient populations in clinical research when used as a source for recruitment. Methods: Leveraging statewide implementation of early-case ascertainment (ECA) via electronic pathology for cancer case identification, we performed a feasibility study within the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry to (1) test a process using ECA to identify new cases of advanced prostate cancer for potential enrollment into clinical trials and (2) test the utility of an online clinical trial matching tool to improve matching of underrepresented patients into clinical trials. All study materials were translated into Spanish, and recruiters were Spanish-speaking. Results: A total of 419 cases were identified from 19 reporting facilities through ECA and sent invitation letters; 18 cases were excluded due to physician contraindication, and 68 (16%) declined participation. All enrolled participants (N=54) completed baseline surveys. To date, 40 participants completed follow-up surveys after using the online matching tool. Most participants were White (80%), of higher income (>$150,000; 41%), and college-educated (70%). Thirty-seven percent indicated awareness of cancer clinical trials, 69% stated interest in participating in clinical research, and 72% held a positive attitude towards cancer clinical trials. However, 46% indicated they would not participate in a randomized study. To assess utility of the matching tool, 65% indicated it increased their interest in participating in a clinical trial. Conclusions: ECA needs to ensure sociodemographic data are available to make it useful as a tool for clinical trials. Preliminary results indicate ECA used in combination with an online clinical trial matching tool may serve as an important recruitment vehicle for prostate cancer clinical trials.
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Constantinou, Demitri, Georgia Torres, Natalia Neophytou, Peter Fourie, Xenia Buntting, and Philippe Gradidge. "‘I’m doing it for myself’: Using a smartphone-based exercise service during the COVID-19 lockdown in the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a9053.
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Background: Sufficient physical activity (PA) lowers poor health outcomes, with data showing these protective effects in populations under varying levels of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. The advent of online PA programmes has created novel opportunities to offset the deleterious effects of inactivity. However, data are limited and the readiness and acceptance of such technology is unknown. These authors nevertheless noted an opportunity to investigate this approach based on promising emerging data at the time of the hard lockdown in South Africa.
Objective: This exploratory study investigated the engagement and perceptions of a smartphone application to promote health and fitness in a sample of employees at a South African university.
Methods: Employed members of staff (n=15) of the University of the Witwatersrand were recruited through email invitation during the hard Level 5 COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Individualised home-based PA programmes were prescribed through a mobile application for a period of eight weeks. Researchers qualified in Biokinetics provided online supervision of the exercise sessions during the intervention. Participants were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire about their use of the application. Thematic analysis was used to understand these responses.
Results: Lack of motivation was perceived to have a negative effect on participation in the online PA programme. Only one participant reported using the mobile application consistently during the study period, while half of the participants reported having trouble with the usage of the application. The participants frequently mentioned the need for technical support and further engagement from the clinicians supervising the PA programme to ensure use and progression. Staff identified issues with connectivity and already having too many phone applications (apps) amongst the reasons for the technical difficulties.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the challenges and potential for the uptake of online PA interventions during COVID-19 and, despite its small sample size, the data provide important lessons learned that will be used as information in further investigations.
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Shoaf, Kimberley I., Melissa M. Kelley, Kaitlin O'Keefe, Katharine D. Arrington, and Michael L. Prelip. "Enhancing Emergency Preparedness and Response Systems: Correlates of Collaboration between Local Health Departments and School Districts." Public Health Reports 129, no. 6_suppl4 (November 2014): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549141296s414.
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Objective. Collaboration between existing components of the public health system is important for protecting public health and promoting community resilience. We describe the factors that promote collaborative emergency preparedness and response activities between local health departments (LHDs) and school systems. Methods. We gathered data from a multistage, stratified random sample of 750 LHDs nationwide. Utilizing a mailed invitation, we recruited respondents to participate in an online questionnaire. We calculated descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. The majority of LHDs collaborated with school systems for emergency preparedness and response activities and most indicated they were likely to collaborate in the future. Characteristics of the jurisdiction, general experience and perceptions of collaboration, and characteristics of the preparedness collaboration itself predicted future collaboration. Conclusion. Our results help us understand the nature of collaborations between LHDs and school systems on emergency preparedness and response activities, which can be used to identify priority areas for developing successful and sustainable joint efforts in the future. By focusing on the perceived value of collaboration and building on existing non-preparedness partnering, communities can increase the likelihood of ongoing successful LHD-school system emergency preparedness collaborations.
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P., Bijulakshmi. "A Cross-Sectional Study on the Mental Health of Professionals Working from Home in Tamilnadu, India, during the Covid-19 Pandemic." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 23 (June 7, 2021): 1760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/364.
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BACKGROUND The Covid pandemic situation has brought drastic changes in workplace environments around the world with many organizations shifting to work from home (WFH) models. So, an online survey was conducted in India among professionals working from home to evaluate their mental health and determine as to how they were coping with working from home during this pandemic. METHODS An online survey was conducted with an invitation to professionals working from home to participate in the study. The survey questionnaire contained statements regarding their level of comfort in working from home and the statements from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS - 21) and the acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ - II). A total of 912 responses were statistically analysed. RESULTS Results showed that 63.9 % of the participants were experiencing various levels of stress, with 8.6 % having severe levels of stress; while 62.9 % had some level of anxiety, 6.9 % of the participants had severe levels of anxiety. 31 % of the respondents had some level of depression while 1.2 % had levels indicative of severe depression. Only 40.5 % of the respondents reported being comfortable working from home and 55 % of the people reported they could not work without disturbances at home. The nature of job, age, gender and parental status all influenced the levels of stress, anxiety and depression while WFH. CONCLUSIONS People who are working from home are stressed, anxious and have various levels of depression as clearly evidenced in this study. KEY WORDS Working from Home, Covid 19 Pandemic, Stress, Anxiety and Depression, Experiential Avoidance
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Lehrhaupt, Kerri, Lori Tauber Marcus, Anne Quinn Young, Jenny Isaacson, Marc Hurlbert, Colleen McKenna, Linda Wenger, and Kathy Giusti. "Cancer patients: Assessing awareness, attitudes and claimed behavior around key decision points upon being diagnosed." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e23052-e23052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e23052.
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e23052 Background: As precision medicine becomes increasingly important in oncology, patients need to be educated on making decisions at diagnosis to optimize their outcomes. The HBS Kraft Precision Medicine Accelerator is working with national cancer organizations to understand and address gaps in knowledge and action. Informed by prior patient and physician research, the Accelerator developed the Right Track framework, which addresses the unmet educational needs of patients as they navigate their journey. Methods: Participants with newly diagnosed cancer were recruited by the 5 participating foundations from their databases of affiliated patients (MMRF: n = 63, PanCAN: n = 202, LUNGevity: n = 51, PCF: n = 71, MBC Alliance: n = 66). Inclusion criteria included currently living in the US, 25 years or older, diagnosed with a qualifying cancer in the past 12 months (past 18 months for LUNGevity), self-reported as being at least somewhat knowledgeable in their disease, and self-reported as having some input in treatment decisions. The study was conducted by Kantar Health and sponsored by the HBS Kraft Precision Medicine Accelerator. The fielding was conducted in October 2018. Potential respondents were e-mailed an invitation to complete a 20-minute online survey. Potential respondents were also exposed to an invitation via social media from the participating study sponsors. The respondents were asked a series of customized questions that assessed their awareness and behavior on items within each of the four pillars of the Right Track framework. Results: Descriptive analyses were conducted on each of the four pillars (Right Team, Right Tests, Right Treatment, Sharing at Every Step) and it was found that educational gaps exist across all five cancers. Patients require guidance on selecting a knowledgeable team and facility, understanding their specific cancer sub-type and genomic information, participation in clinical trials and the importance of sharing their data. Conclusions: There is a strong need for patient advocacy foundations to work as unbiased, patient-focused organizations, such that they are well-positioned to help close these knowledge gaps.
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Siau, Evan, Hernando Salazar, and Jonathan Klein. "Non-oncologist physician knowledge of radiation therapy at an urban community hospital." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 10534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.10534.
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10534 Background: Appropriate referral for radiation therapy (RT) is crucial for cancer care. Previous work suggests that many non-radiation oncologists who care for cancer patients are uncomfortable referring for RT. We surveyed physicians in a community hospital in Bronx, New York to assess their training in RT and understanding of RT. Methods: Invitations to complete an online questionnaire were sent to all faculty and resident physicians at St. Barnabas Hospital. The questionnaire asked about previous training in oncology, RT knowledge self-rating and an objective knowledge assessment of RT indications and effectiveness. Statistical analysis used Pearson chi-square and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test and ANOVA for interval variables. Results: 247 participants received the invitation email, and 87 responded (35% response rate). Among responders, 19 were attending physicians (22%) and 66 (76%) were residents (2 failed to disclose). 51 respondents (59%) were from Internal Medicine (IM) and 20 (24%) from Emergency Medicine. 72% of respondents reported caring for > 5 cancer patients in the past month, but 45% (37% of IM respondents) never refer patients for RT. 71% of respondents stated they received no formal radiation oncology training in medical school, and 47% reported no oncology training at all. Pluralities believed themselves to be “somewhat knowledgeable” about RT indications (49%), benefits (53%), and side effects (55%). Objective assessment mean score was 6.2/12 (median 7) for all respondents. IM respondents scored higher than others (mean 7.7 vs 3.5; p < 0.001), but only 28% of IM respondents (0% of others) scored 10/12 or higher. Scores did not differ between attending and resident physicians (p = 0.75), resident PGY level (p = 0.43), or receiving oncology training in medical school (p = 0.54). Factors cited by > 50% as affecting RT referral decisions either “somewhat” or “a lot” were: type of cancer, patient wishes, family wishes, poor functional status, and life expectancy. Conclusions: Many physicians are unaware of RT effectiveness or indications, which may affect referral patterns. Previous oncology training was not associated with higher knowledge scores.
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Hurley, Rachel M., Kirk Wyatt, Rachel F. Johnson, Michael W. O'Brien, Wendy J. Zenz, Stacy R. Anderson, Cheryl A. Brugger, Kathryn Jean Ruddy, Judy Caroline Boughey, and Sandhya Pruthi. "Previsit breast cancer educational microlearning videos: Impact on patient satisfaction and engagement." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 6526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.6526.
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6526 Background: Most patients diagnosed with breast cancer turn to the Internet to learn about their diagnosis; however, information online is often generic, challenging to navigate, and not expert-curated. To facilitate patient education and engagement in our breast clinic, we piloted the implementation of pre-visit education via brief microlearning videos organized within an online platform. Methods: Seventeen videos of 2-4 minute duration were developed by multidisciplinary content experts. Videos covered a variety of educational topics relevant to breast cancer, including treatment options. Patients received a link via email to create an account, which provided access to the platform. Aggregate viewing data and optional patient surveys (online after viewing 3 videos and at the clinical appointment) were used to assess opt-in rates, engagement, and satisfaction. Results: Between September 2018 and January 2019, 57.4% (240/418) of women with biopsy proven breast cancer who were sent an email invitation registered on the platform. On average, patients watched 11 of the 17 videos, with 93.7% of users (225/240) viewing at least one. Overall, 85% (168/198) of women recommend the microlearning format for patient education. The most-viewed video topics included types of breast cancer, breast abnormality and biopsy, understanding biopsy results, tumor markers, and staging. Seventy-eight percent (154/198) of women reported that they planned to share the videos with family or caregivers, and 67% (133/198) felt that the educational content increased their satisfaction with their overall experience. Barriers to video access were emails marked as junk, not having an email address, and difficulties with videos loading. Conclusions: The majority of patients participating in this pilot registered on the platform and watched pre-visit microlearning educational videos. These expert-curated videos contributed to high levels of satisfaction and engagement. Strategies to overcome barriers to access will be developed to expand the reach of this new valuable component of breast cancer care.
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Bowman, Thomas G., Thomas M. Dodge, and Stephanie M. Mazerolle. "Retention Initiatives Used by Professional Master's Athletic Training Program Directors." Athletic Training Education Journal 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1003205.
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Context Many professional master's athletic training program directors believe retention is a problem facing athletic training education. However, it remains unknown what steps, if any, are taken to improve retention. Objective To inquire with program directors about their respective methods and interventions aimed at increasing retention rates. Design Qualitative study. Setting Professional master's athletic training programs. Patients or Other Participants Fifteen program directors out of 25 responded to an online survey invitation for a response rate of 60%. We also completed follow-up telephone interviews with 8 randomly selected program directors to gather greater insight into the ways they improve retention. Main Outcome Measure(s) We asked directors of all 25 professional master's athletic training programs in the United States to complete an online survey. We also asked 8 program directors from those who responded to complete telephone interviews. Grounded theory guided data analysis and we secured credibility through the use of multiple-analyst triangulation, member checks, and peer review. Results We identified 3 themes of ways program directors help improve student retention rates. Our participants described adequately screening admissions packets, providing financial support to defray the cost of pursuing a degree in athletic training at the professional master's level, and various student initiatives. Conclusions Based on our findings, we recommend a thorough application process that screens prospective students and identifies those who can complete the program. Program directors should also find ways to help defray the costs of earning a master's degree to allow students to become integrated into the program intellectually, socially, and clinically without increasing stress levels. Finally, providing students with opportunities for early socialization and mentoring should be aimed at explaining program expectations while preparing the students for professional practice.
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Ferdousi, SS, S. Ferdousi, MM Rahman, MH Khan, SMM Rahman, FR Fahim, and SM Naafi. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards COVID -19 Among University Level Students in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 46, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v46i3.52249.
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Background: SARS-CoV-2 a highly contagious virus causing the current global pandemic of COVID -19 is transmitted mainly through close physical contact and airborne transmission of respiratory droplets, and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Objective: The study was carried out aiming to assess knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of university level (medical and nonmedical) students towards COVID-19. Methods: This online cross-sectional KAP study was carried out among university level students. The questionnaire used consisted of two main sections: demographic and knowledge, attitude and practic es (KAP) towards COVID-19 transmission and prevention. Demographic variables included gender, age, religion, marital status, type of education. KAP section consisted of 14 questions for assessment of knowledge regarding clinical symptoms, transmission route, vaccine, prevention and cont rol of COVID-19. The link of the online questionnaire was shared with students of three government and one private medical colleges and 8 universities of which 5 government and 3 private through their faculties with an invitation to participating in the study. Results: A total of 399 students participated in the study, 6 1.9% were non-medical and 38.1% were medical students; males accounted for 62.7% of the respondents. Knowledge and practice scores were significantly higher in females than in males (p< 0.05). KAP scores were significantly higher among medical students compared to non-medical students (p< 0.05). Though about 52.1% of total students had good knowledge, less than 25% had favourable attitude and 48.6% had good practices towards preventive m easures of COVID-19. Conclusion: There is need for more awareness campaign focusing the students to cover their knowledge gaps, motivation for appropriate practices and further improvement of attitude and practices towards preve ntion of COVID-19 transmission. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(3): 154-160
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Lowson, Paula. "Benefits of mindful compassion for staff, patients and carers." British Journal of Nursing 29, no. 17 (September 24, 2020): s22—s29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.17.s22.
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Aims and objective: This study intended to examine the long-term effect on the emotional wellbeing and behaviour change of staff, patients and carers who attended a one-day Macmillan course on mindful compassion. Methods: People who attended mindful compassion study days in 2016 and 2017 were invited to participate in an online questionnaire in 2019. Results: Nearly 50% (99) of the 200 people who received the invitation completed the survey. Immediately after the course, 38.78% practised mindful compassion as and when required, 28.57% practised when possible, 15.31% practised daily, 13.27% practised 3–4 times a week and 3.5% were not practising. More than half (56%) used mindful compassion to help with home and work life, relationships and family. Two or three years after the course, when asked again, 15.31% of those who answered still practised daily, 11.22% practised 3–4 times a week, 23.47% practised as and when possible and 42.86% did so as needed; 7.14% had not continued practising. Conclusion: Training in mindful compassion benefits patients and carers. In both the short and long terms, mindful compassion was found to reduce anxiety, aid sleep, improve pain management and help people feel more empowered, calm and relaxed. It also helped people cope with stressful situations, gave them time for themselves and enabled them to become much more focused.
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Pugh, Gemma, Patrick O'Halloran, Laura Blakey, Hannah Leaver, and Manuela Angioi. "Integrating physical activity promotion into UK medical school curricula: testing the feasibility of an educational tool developed by the Faculty of Sports and Exercise Medicine." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (June 2020): e000679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000679.
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BackgroundAt present education on exercise medicine and physical activity (PA) promotion does not feature heavily within the medical curriculum.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of a self-directed educational tool (Faculty of Sports and Exercise Medicine (FSEM) exercise prescription booklet) on medical students’ understanding of PA in disease management.MethodsStudents from 22 UK medical schools were invited to complete a brief online questionnaire before and after being provided access to the FSEM exercise prescription booklet.ResultsA total of 205 students responded to the open invitation to participate. At baseline 59% of students agreed that PA promotion was an important part of a doctor’s job with 86% agreeing that PA was important in the prevention of disease. However, confidence to prescribe PA and knowledge of chief medical officer’s adult PA guidelines was low. Following use of the FSEM booklet students’ (n=53) knowledge of PA guidelines and confidence to advise patients about PA significantly improved (p<0.05). Correct response answers to case scenarios covering PA in disease management (specifically osteoarthritis and cancer) also improved (32% and 44% increase, respectively, p<0.01).ConclusionSelf-guided educational tools have the potential to improve the exercise prescription skills of undergraduate medical students. Future research should compare different methods of delivering education on PA within medical schools to determine the most effective means of integrating PA into the curriculum.
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Bell, Sadie, Richard Clarke, Pauline Paterson, and Sandra Mounier-Jack. "Parents’ and guardians’ views and experiences of accessing routine childhood vaccinations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: A mixed methods study in England." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): e0244049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244049.
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Objective To explore parents’ and guardians’ views and experiences of accessing National Health Service (NHS) general practices for routine childhood vaccinations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in England. Design Mixed methods approach involving an online cross-sectional survey (conducted between 19th April and 11th May 2020) and semi-structured telephone interviews (conducted between 27th April and 27th May 2020). Participants 1252 parents and guardians (aged 16+ years) who reported living in England with a child aged 18 months or under completed the survey. Nineteen survey respondents took part in follow-up interviews. Results The majority of survey respondents (85.7%) considered it important for their children to receive routine vaccinations on schedule during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, several barriers to vaccination were identified. These included a lack of clarity around whether vaccination services were operating as usual, particularly amongst respondents from lower income households and those self-reporting as Black, Asian, Chinese, Mixed or Other ethnicity; difficulties in organising vaccination appointments; and fears around contracting COVID-19 while attending general practice. Concerns about catching COVID-19 while accessing general practice were weighed against concerns about children acquiring a vaccine-preventable disease if they did not receive scheduled routine childhood vaccinations. Many parents and guardians felt their child’s risk of acquiring a vaccine-preventable disease was low as the implementation of stringent physical distancing measures (from March 23rd 2020) meant they were not mixing with others. Conclusion To promote routine childhood vaccination uptake during the current COVID-19 outbreak, further waves of COVID-19 infection, and future pandemics, prompt and sustained national and general practice level communication is needed to raise awareness of vaccination service continuation and the importance of timely vaccination, and invitation-reminder systems for vaccination need to be maintained. To allay concerns about the safety of accessing general practice, practices should communicate the measures being implemented to prevent COVID-19 transmission.
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Fénélon-Dimanche, Rébecca, Line Guénette, Alia Yousif, Geneviève Lalonde, Marie-France Beauchesne, Johanne Collin, and Lucie Blais. "Monitoring and managing medication adherence in community pharmacies in Quebec, Canada." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 153, no. 2 (March 2020): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163520902494.
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Background: Community pharmacists have direct access to prescription refill information and regularly interact with their patients. Therefore, they are in a unique position to promote optimal medication use. Objectives: To describe how community pharmacists in Quebec, Canada, identify nonadherent patients, monitor medication use and promote optimal medication adherence. Methods: An invitation to complete a web-based survey was published online through different platforms, including a Facebook pharmacists’ group, an electronic newsletter, a pharmacy network forum and e-mail. The survey included questions on participant characteristics, methods used by pharmacists to identify nonadherent patients and monitor medication use and interventions they used to promote medication adherence. Results: In total, 342 community pharmacists completed the survey. The participants were mainly women (71.6%), staff pharmacists (56.7%) and aged 30 to 39 years (34.2%). The most common method to identify nonadherent patients was to check gaps between prescription refills (98.8%). The most common intervention to promote adherence was patient counselling (82.5%). The most common barriers to identifying nonadherent patients were lack of time (73.1%) and lack of prescription information (65.8%), whereas the most common barriers to intervening were anticipation of a negative reaction from their patients (91.2%) and lack of time (64%). Conclusion: Lack of time and lack of prescription information are frequent challenges encountered by community pharmacists regarding effective monitoring and management of patients with poor medication adherence. Pharmacists could benefit from electronic tools based on prescription refills that would provide quick and easily interpretable information on their patients’ medication adherence. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2020;153:xx-xx.
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McLaughlin, Milena M., Dalila Masic, and Jacob P. Gettig. "Analysis of PGY-1 Pharmacy Resident Candidate Letters of Recommendation at an Academically Affiliated Residency Program." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 31, no. 2 (April 5, 2017): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190017702305.
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Background: Letters of recommendation (LORs) are a critical component for differentiating among similarly qualified pharmacy residency candidates. These letters contain information that is difficult to ascertain from curricula vitae and pharmacy school transcripts. LOR writers may use any words or phrases appropriate for each candidate as there is no set framework for LORs. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize descriptive themes in postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) pharmacy residency candidates’ LORs and to examine which themes of PGY-1 pharmacy residency candidates’ LORs are predictive of an interview invitation at an academically affiliated residency program. Methods: LORs for candidates from the Pharmacy Online Residency Centralized Application System (PhORCAS) from 2013 and 2014 for the Midwestern University PGY-1 Pharmacy Residency were analyzed. LOR characteristics and descriptive themes were collected. All scores for candidate characteristics and overall PhORCAS recommendation were also recorded. Results: A total of 351 LORs for 111 candidates from 2013 (n = 47 candidates) and 2014 (n = 64 candidates) were analyzed; 36 (32.4%) total candidates were offered an interview. Themes that were identified as predictors of an interview included a higher median (interquartile range) number of standout words (3 words [1.3-4] vs 3.8 words [2.5-5.5], P < .01) and teaching references (3.7 words [2.7-6] vs 5.7 words [3.7-7.8], P = .01). Conclusion: For this residency program, standout words and teaching references were important when offering interviews.
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Cox, Jill, and Marilyn Schallom. "Pressure Injuries in Critical Care: A Survey of Critical Care Nurses." Critical Care Nurse 37, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2017928.
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BACKGROUND Critical care nurses must be able to skillfully balance the prevention of adverse events such as pressure injuries in an environment with multiple competing and lifesaving technologies that often take precedent. Despite strategies to prevent them, pressure injuries do occur in intensive care unit patients, and consensus is building that some pressure injuries are unavoidable. OBJECTIVES To determine critical care nurses’ attitudes toward prevention of pressure injury and the perceptions of frontline critical care nurses of specific risk factors associated with unavoidable pressure injuries. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. An online survey was posted on the newsletter website of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses in January 2016. RESULTS An invitation to participate in the study was emailed to more than 3000 members of the association; 333 nurses responded, for a response rate of approximately 11%. Among the responders, 73% were employed as bedside critical care nurses. More than half (67%) thought that pressure injuries are avoidable, and 66% disagreed that pressure injury prevention was of less interest than other aspects of critical care. The top 2 risk factors for unavoidable pressure injuries were impaired tissue perfusion and impaired tissue oxygenation. CONCLUSION Critical care nurses are steadfast stewards of safe patient care and think that pressure injury prevention is a crucial aspect of the care they deliver every day. The findings on risk factors for unavoidable pressure injuries mirrored those of experts and provide a layer of support for these factors.
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Sullo, Elaine. "Engineering Faculty Indicate High Levels of Awareness and Use of the Library but Tend to Consult Google and Google Scholar First for Research Resources." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 11, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b84k98.
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A Review of:
Zhang, L. (2015). Use of library services by engineering faculty at Mississippi State University, a large land grant institution. Science & Technology Libraries, 34(3), 272-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2015.1090941
Objective – To investigate the engineering faculty’s information-seeking behaviour, experiences, awareness, and use of the university library.
Design – Web-based survey questionnaire.
Setting – The main campus of a state university in the United States of America.
Subjects – 119 faculty members within 8 engineering departments.
Methods – An email invitation to participate in a 16-item electronic survey questionnaire, with questions related to library use, was sent in the spring of 2015 to 119 engineering faculty members. Faculty were given 24 days to complete the survey, and a reminder email was sent 10 days after the original survey invitation.
Main Results – Thirty-eight faculty members responded to the survey, representing a response rate of 32%. Overall, faculty had a high level of use and awareness of both online and physical library resources and services, although their awareness of certain scholarly communication services, such as data archiving and copyright advisory, was significantly lower. Faculty tend to turn to Google and Google Scholar when searching for information rather than turning to library databases. Faculty do not use social media to keep up with library news and updates. The library website, as well as liaison librarians, were cited as the primary sources for this type of information.
Conclusions – The researcher concludes that librarians need to do a better job of marketing library resources, such as discipline-specific databases, as well as other library search tools. Because faculty use web search engines as a significant source of information, the author proposes further research on this behaviour, and suggests more action to educate faculty on different search tools, their limitations, and effective use.
As faculty indicated a general lack of interest in integrating information literacy into their classes, the researcher notes that librarians need to find ways to persuade faculty that this type of integrated instruction is beneficial for students’ learning and research needs. Faculty were aware of the library liaison program, so this baseline relationship between faculty and librarian can serve as an opportunity to build upon current liaison services and responsibilities.
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Newton Miller, Laura. "University Engineering Faculty Depend on Scholarly Journals, Web Resources, and Face-to-Face Consultations to Help Them with Research." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 7, no. 3 (September 13, 2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b81897.
Full textAbstract:
Objective – To study the information-seeking behaviour of engineering faculty.
Design – Online survey; Purposive sample.
Setting – Engineering departments of 20 large public universities in various regions of the United States.
Subjects – 903 engineering faculty members (including 35% professors; 24% associate professors, 23% assistant professors, and 17% ranked as adjunct faculty, instructors, lecturers, professors emeriti and “other”).
Methods – 4905 researchers were sent an email invitation to complete a 12-item survey with open and closed questions. Email addresses were gathered from university websites.
Main Results – 96% of those surveyed find access to online scholarly journals (current and backfiles) as very important or important. 71% believe access to the physical book collection is very important or important. 56% feel that access to electronic book collections is very important or important. (Further analysis revealed a difference between newer and older faculty- 62% of newer faculty and 52% of faculty in field for 16 or more years think electronic book collections are important). Print subscriptions to journals are important to only 37% of respondents, and providing space to conduct research is important to only 36% of those surveyed. Besides attending conferences and scanning journals, face-to-face discussion with students and colleagues was a key resource for faculty for keeping current in the engineering field. 81% seek information at least weekly to prepare for lectures, about 74% at least monthly to conduct research or write publications, and 77% at least monthly to remain current in their field. 73% visited the physical library fewer than five times in the past year, but researchers were surprised that almost half (47%) rated assistance from library staff as important or very important. 70% see interlibrary loan services as important or very important.
Conclusion – Engineering faculty rely on scholarly journals, Internet, and other electronic resources for their research. They depend on face-to-face consultations with students and colleagues. The physical space of the library is less important.
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Pasari, Amit S., Amol Bhawane, Manish R. Balwani, Priyanka Tolani, Vishal Ramteke, and Nishant Deshpande. "Knowledge about COVID-19 and Practices among Hemodialysis Technicians in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era." International Journal of Nephrology 2020 (October 16, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6710503.
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Introduction. Hemodialysis technicians play a crucial role in infection control practices in hemodialysis units. Thus, it is important to assess the knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 among hemodialysis technicians in this pandemic situation. Materials and Methods. An online survey composed of 22 closed-ended questions using Google Forms was conducted in the month of April (13th to 19th) 2020. The survey consisted of questions regarding the knowledge of COVID-19 and current hemodialysis practice among hemodialysis technicians. The study was approved by the institutional ethics board. The survey was administered online through a mobile phone invitation. Basic statistics (mean and standard deviation or total number and percent) were computed for all covariates. Results. Out of 150, 115 technicians participated in the survey. 80.9% of the participants were males. The mean age of respondents was 28.22 + 6.97 years. Most of the respondents could correctly identify fever (87.8%), breathlessness (86.08%), and dry cough (81.7%) as the symptoms of COVID-19 infection. 75.7% of the technicians were aware that it can be transmitted by asymptomatic persons. 61.1% of the technicians were segregating patients who had symptoms such as fever and cough to the last shift of the day. 81.1% of the technicians read the guidelines issued by the Indian Society of Nephrology—COVID-19 working group. But, only 25.5% of the respondents could rightly identify to keep a minimum distance of two meters between two beds while dialyzing a suspected patient of COVID-19 along with other patients to minimise risk of COVID-19 transmission. 60% of the technicians have received hydroxychloroquine as prophylaxis against coronavirus infection. Conclusion. Our study shows a significant knowledge gap among hemodialysis technicians about COVID-19. Effective COVID-19 education campaigns should be carried out intensively with relevant information among hemodialysis technicians to address the knowledge gap. A well-informed hemodialysis technician can prove to be a great tool to spread the right infection control practices among dialysis-dependent patients.
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Schwartz, Malaika R., Allison M. Cole, Gina A. Keppel, Ryan Gilles, John Holmes, and Cynthia Price. "Complementary and Integrative Health Knowledge and Practice in Primary Care Settings: A Survey of Primary Care Providers in the Northwestern United States." Global Advances in Health and Medicine 10 (January 2021): 216495612110233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21649561211023377.
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Background The demand for complementary and integrative health (CIH) is increasing by patients who want to receive more CIH referrals, in-clinic services, and overall care delivery. To promote CIH within the context of primary care, it is critical that providers have sufficient knowledge of CIH, access to CIH-trained providers for referral purposes, and are comfortable either providing services or co-managing patients who favor a CIH approach to their healthcare. Objective The main objective was to gather primary care providers’ perspectives across the northwestern region of the United States on their CIH familiarity and knowledge, clinic barriers and opportunities, and education and training needs. Methods We conducted an online, quantitative survey through an email invitation to all primary care providers (n = 483) at 11 primary care organizations from the WWAMI (Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana and Idaho) region Practice and Research Network (WPRN). The survey questions covered talking about CIH with patients, co-managing care with CIH providers, familiarity with and training in CIH modalities, clinic barriers to CIH integration, and interest in learning more about CIH modalities. Results 218 primary care providers completed the survey (45% response rate). Familiarity with individual CIH methods ranged from 73% (chiropracty) to 8% (curanderismo). Most respondents discussed CIH with their patients (88%), and many thought that their patients could benefit from CIH (41%). The majority (89%) were willing to co-manage a patient with a CIH provider. Approximately one-third of respondents had some expertise in at least one CIH modality. Over 78% were interested in learning more about the safety and efficacy of at least one CIH modality. Conclusion Primary care providers in the Northwestern United States are generally familiar with CIH modalities, are interested in referring and co-managing care with CIH providers, and would like to have more learning opportunities to increase knowledge of CIH.
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Wu, Alexander, Kate Ackerman, Michelle Barrack, and Adam Tenforde. "DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF INJURIES IN MIDDLE SCHOOL CROSS COUNTRY RUNNERS." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00242.
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Background: High school athletes participating in cross-country sports are at increased risk of overuse injuries. Little is known in younger athletes including those participating in running during middle school regarding prevalence of injuries or related risk factors. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of sports-related injuries in middle school cross-country runners. Methods: This was a retrospective online survey study of middle school cross-country runners. Middle school cross-country coaches from middle school teams in the Boston area sent letters of invitation via email to the parents of their athletes to participate in an optional, anonymous online survey administered in REDCap. Participants received a $5 gift card for their time. The online survey included demographic information, weight, height, training variables, daily dietary patterns, and injury history. We conducted univariate and bivariate analyses while stratifying for sex. Results: A total of 101 subjects completed the survey, 47% (n=48) were female. Mean age was 12.5 years [SD 0.94], and 24% (n=24) were in sixth grade, 39% (n=39) in seventh grade, and 38 % (n=38) in 8th grade. The mean BMI for girls was 17.9 kg/m2 and for boys 18.24 kg/m2. The self-reported race/ethnicity was white in 72% (n=72), Asian in 22% (n=22), Latino in 5% (n=5), and black in 1% (n=1). Mean weekly mileage during the cross-country season was 15.2 miles [SD 7.6]. Of female subjects, 17% (n=8) reported that they were diagnosed with a bone stress injury (BSI) due to running, compared to 2% (n=1) of male subjects, p=0.009. The injured bones in females included the tibia (n=1), fibula (n=1), navicular (n=1) and metatarsal bones (n=6). The injured bone in the male was a sacral fracture. Compared to those without injury, runners with BSIs did not have observed differences in calcium or vitamin D intake; no differences were observed related to ball sport or other forms of strengthening exercises. A total of 63 non-fracture injuries occurred from running, with females (18%) more likely to have sprained ankles than males (6%, p=0.47). Conclusions/Significance: Running-related injuries are relatively common in middle school cross-country runners. In middle school, female runners are more likely to sustain running related BSIs than male runners. Efforts to prevent overuse stress injuries in middle school runners should be considered. [Table: see text]
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Faulkner, Guy, Subha Ramanathan, Ronald C. Plotnikoff, Tanya Berry, Sameer Deshpande, Amy E. Latimer-Cheung Latimer-Cheung, Ryan E. Rhodes, Mark S. Tremblay, and John C. Spence. "ParticipACTION after 5 years of relaunch: a quantitative survey of Canadian organizational awareness and capacity regarding physical activity initiatives." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 38, no. 4 (April 2018): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.38.4.02.
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Introduction ParticipACTION is a Canadian physical activity communications and social marketing organization relaunched in 2007. This study assesses the capacity of Canadian organizations to adopt, implement, and promote physical activity initiatives. The four objectives were to compare findings from baseline (2008) and follow-up (2013) with respect to: (1) awareness of ParticipACTION; (2) organizational capacity to adopt, implement and promote physical activity initiatives; (3) potential differences in capacity based on organizational size, sector, and mandate; and (4) assess perceptions of ParticipACTION five years after relaunch. Methods In this cross-sectional study, representatives from local, provincial/territorial, and national organizations completed an online survey assessing capacity to adopt, implement, and promote physical activity. Descriptive statistics and one-way analyses of variance were conducted to examine the objectives. Results Response rate for opening an email survey invitation and consenting to participate was 40.6% (685/1688) and 540 surveys were completed. Awareness of ParticipACTION increased from 54.6% at baseline to 93.9% at follow-up (Objective 1). Findings at both baseline and follow-up reflected good organizational capacity to adopt, implement and promote physical activity (Objective 2) although some varied by organizational sector and mandate (Objective 3). Most respondents reported that ParticipACTION provided positive leadership (65.3%), but there was less agreement regarding ParticipACTION’s facilitation of infrastructure (44.0%) or organizational will/motivation (47.1%)(Objective 4). Conclusion Canadian organizations continue to report having good capacity to adopt, implement, and promote physical activity. There was no discernible change in capacity indicators five years after ParticipACTION’s relaunch although its broader contribution to the physical activity sector was endorsed.
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Roeleveld, Peter P., and J. C. A. de Klerk. "The Perspective of the Intensivist on Inotropes and Postoperative Care Following Pediatric Heart Surgery: An International Survey and Systematic Review of the Literature." World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 9, no. 1 (November 1, 2017): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150135117731725.
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Introduction: Inotropes are frequently being used in children undergoing heart surgery to prevent or treat low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). There is only limited evidence that inotropes actually positively influence postoperative outcome. Our aim was to describe the current international practice variation in the use of inotropes following congenital heart surgery. Methods: We developed an online survey regarding the postoperative use of inotropes. We sent an invitation to all 197 registered members of the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (PCICS) to participate in the survey. We also performed a systematic review of the literature. Results: Ninety-eight people (50%) responded, representing 62 international centers. Milrinone is routinely used perioperatively by 90 respondents (97%). Adrenaline/epinephrine is routinely used by 43%, dopamine by 36%, dobutamine by 11%, and levosimendan by 6%. Steroids are used routinely by 54% before initiating cardiopulmonary bypass. Vasopressin is used by 44% of respondents. The development of LCOS is monitored with lactate in 99% of respondents, physical examination (98%), intermittent mixed venous saturation (76%), continuous mixed venous saturation (13%), echocardiography (53%), core–peripheral temperature gap (29%), near-infrared spectrometry (25%), and 4% use cardiac output monitors (PiCCO, USCOM). To improve cardiac output, 42% add/increase milrinone, 37% add adrenaline, and 15% add dopamine. Rescue therapy is titrated individually, based on the patients’ pathophysiology. A systematic review of the literature failed to show compelling evidence with regard to the benefit of inotropes. Conclusions: Despite the lack of sufficient evidence, milrinone is used by the vast majority of caregivers following congenital heart surgery.
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Leng, Graham. "Use of Acupuncture in Hospices and Palliative Care Services in the Uk." Acupuncture in Medicine 31, no. 1 (March 2013): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2012-010230.
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Purpose The aim of the present work was to evaluate the availability of acupuncture in UK hospices and specialist palliative care services and to identify any barriers to the use of acupuncture in these settings, to determine the characteristics of available acupuncture services and of practitioners providing acupuncture, and to determine awareness of the evidence base for the use of acupuncture in palliative care. Methods An online questionnaire with an invitation to participate was circulated by email to 263 hospices and specialist palliative care services in the UK. Results A response rate of 54% was obtained. Acupuncture was provided by 59% of services that responded. In general, small numbers of patients receive acupuncture as part of their palliative care treatment as inpatients, day patients or outpatients. Most practitioners were regulated health professionals who had received a Western-style training in acupuncture and used a Western-style medical acupuncture approach. Where acupuncture was not available the commonest reason given was the lack of a suitable practitioner. Most agreed that if funding and a suitable practitioner were available, acupuncture would be a useful addition to their service. The level of awareness of specific types of evidence supporting the use of acupuncture in palliative care was low, but most respondents were aware that some evidence existed. Conclusions There is a need to increase training in acupuncture for healthcare professionals working in palliative care. There is also a need to raise awareness of the potential benefits to patients and the evidence base supporting the use of acupuncture in palliative care.
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Stellato, Daniel, Marroon Thabane, Caitlin Eichten, and Thomas E. Delea. "Preferences of Canadian Patients and Physicians for Treatment of HR+/HER2− Advanced Breast Cancer." Current Oncology 28, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28010051.
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(1) Background: Past research suggests that patients with advanced breast cancer prefer treatments with improved clinical outcomes and lower risk of side effects. Evidence on preferences of Canadian patients and physicians for treatments for advanced breast cancer is limited. (2) Methods: Patients’ and physicians’ preferences for treatments for HR+/HER2−, pre-/peri-menopausal advanced breast cancer were assessed by an online discrete choice experiment (DCE). Treatment alternatives were characterized by seven attributes regarding dosing, efficacy, and toxicities, with levels corresponding to those for ribociclib plus a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI), NSAI, and tamoxifen. For patients, impacts of advanced breast cancer on quality of life (QOL) and ability to work/perform activities of daily living also were assessed. Patients were recruited by a Canadian breast cancer patient advocacy group through email and social media. Physicians were recruited by email. (3) Results: Among 118 patients starting the survey, 23 completed ≥ 1 DCE question (19%). Among 271 physicians who were sent the e-mail invitation, 21 completed ≥ 1 DCE question (8%). For both patients and physicians, the increased probability of remaining alive and without cancer progression over 2 years was the most important attribute. A treatment with attributes consistent with ribociclib plus NSAI was chosen by patients and physicians in 70% and 88% of the time, respectively. A substantial proportion of patients reported worrying about future diagnostic tests and their cancer getting worse; (4) Conclusions: Canadian patients and physicians are generally concordant in preference for advanced breast cancer treatments, preferring ribociclib plus NSAI to other options.
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Groulx, Mathieu, Alexandra Nadeau, Marcel Émond, Jessica Harrisson, Pierre-Gilles Blanchard, Douglas Eramian, and Eric Mercier. "Continuous flow insufflation of oxygen compared with manual ventilation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A survey of the paramedics." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211018105.
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Introduction: In 2018, a continuous flow insufflation of oxygen (CFIO) device (b-card™, Vygon (USA)) placed on a supraglottic airway (SGA) became the standard of care to ventilate patients during adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) care in Quebec–Capitale-Nationale region, Canada. This study aims to assess the paramedics’ perception as well as the disadvantages and the benefits relative to the use of CFIO during OHCA management. Methods: An invitation to complete an online survey (Survey Monkey™) was sent to all 560 paramedics who are working in our region. The survey included 22 questions of which 9 aimed to compare the traditional manual ventilation with a bag to the CFIO using a 5-point Likert-type scale. Results: A total of 244 paramedics completed the survey, of which 189 (77.5%) had used the CFIO device during an OHCA at least once. Most respondents felt that the intervention was faster (70.2%) and easier (86.5%) with the CFIO device compared with manual ventilation. CFIO was also associated with perceived increased patient safety (64.4%) as well as paramedic safety during the evacuation (88.9%) and the ambulance transport (88.9%). Paramedics reported that physical (48.1%) and cognitive (52.9%) fatigue were also improved with CFIO. The main reported barriers were the bending of the external SGA tube and the loss of capnography values. Conclusion: The use of CFIO during adult OHCA care allows a simplified approach and was perceived as safer for the patient and the paramedics compared with manual ventilation. Its impact on patient-centred outcomes needs to be assessed.
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Farahani, Pendar. "Challenges in Pharmacotherapeutics Education for Diabetes in Real-World Clinical Settings: Views From Family Medicine and Internal Medicine Residents." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 38, no. 3 (May 31, 2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v38i3.22702.
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Purpose: Pharmacotherapy for diabetes in real-world clinical settings is very complex and is posing a challenge for residents in training. The purpose of this study was to explore the views of residents in Canada regarding educational priorities for pharmacotherapy in diabetes management. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to explore different domains of pharmacotherapy in diabetes management, including different clinic>al settings, combination pharmacotherapy with different classes of medications and patients’ characteristics, including comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. The questionnaire and the letter of invitation was sent to residents through their program directors. The results were gathered through an online survey system. Due to the study design, response rate could not be determined. For data analysis, SPSS Software was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square testing was utilized for comparisons of proportions. Results: Thirty-four residency programs in Canada were contacted and 165 residents completed the study. A significant number of the residents (59%) viewed combination pharmacotherapy for diabetes management as the most important educational priority (p < 0.001). Regarding insulin therapy, combination of insulin with another class of agents was recognized as the most important educational priority by 51% of residents (p < 0.001). Among all classes of medication for blood glucose management the education on the use of newer class of medication such as GLP1 agonists, DPP4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors was recognized as a priority by 77% of residents (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study provides new data and insights into residents’ views on diabetes pharmacotherapy. Educational curriculums may incorporate these views from residents on the educational priorities that were identified in this study.
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Nelson, Brett D., Rasa Izadnegahdar, Lauren Hall, and Patrick T. Lee. "Global Health Fellowships: A National, Cross-Disciplinary Survey of US Training Opportunities." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-11-00214.1.
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Abstract Introduction Medical trainee interest and participation in global health programs have been growing at unprecedented rates, and the response has been increasing opportunities for medical students and residents. However, at the fellowship level, the number and types of global health training opportunities across specialties have not previously been characterized. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November and December 2010 among all identified global health fellowship programs in the United States. Programs were identified through review of academic and institutional websites, peer-reviewed literature, web-based search engines, and epidemiologic snowball sampling. Identified global health fellowship programs were invited through e-mail invitation and follow-up telephone calls to participate in the web-based survey questionnaire. Results The survey identified 80 global health fellowship programs: 31 in emergency medicine, 14 in family medicine, 11 in internal medicine, 10 in pediatrics, 8 interdisciplinary programs, 3 in surgery, and 3 in women's health. Of these, 46 of the programs (57.5%) responded to the survey. Fellowship programs were most commonly between 19 and 24 months in duration and were nearly equally divided among 2 models: (1) fellowship integrated into residency, and (2) fellowship following completion of residency. Respondents also provided information on selection criteria for fellows, fellowship training activities, and graduates' career choices. Nearly half of fellowship programs surveyed were recently established and had not graduated fellows at the time of the study. Conclusion Institutions across the nation have established a significant, diverse collection of global health fellowship opportunities. A public online database (www.globalhealthfellowships.org), developed from the results of this study, will serve as an ongoing resource on global health fellowships and best practices.
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Oguti, Blanche, Malick Gibani, Christopher Darlow, Claire S. Waddington, Celina Jin, Emma Plested, Danielle Campbell, Claire Jones, Tom C. Darton, and Andrew J. Pollard. "Factors influencing participation in controlled human infection models: a pooled analysis from six enteric fever studies." Wellcome Open Research 4 (October 11, 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15469.1.
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Background: Enteric fever is an acute febrile-illness caused by infection with the human-restricted Salmonella serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Controlled human infection models (CHIM) of S. Typhi and Paratyphi infection are used to accelerate vaccine development and to better understand host-pathogen interactions. The primary motivations for participants to take part in these studies are unknown. We studied participant motivations, attitudes and the factors influencing CHIM study participation. Methods: Participant surveys were nested in six enteric fever CHIM studies conducted at a single centre in Oxford, UK, between 2011 and 2017. All eligible participants received one invitation to complete an anonymous, self-administered paper or online survey on either day 28 or 60 after challenge. A descriptive analysis was performed on these pooled data. All studies were included, to minimize selection bias. Results: Survey response rates varied from 33.0%-86.1%, yielding 201 participants. In the cohort, 113/198(57.0%) were educated to bachelor’s level, 61.6% were employed, 30.3% were students and 4.6% were unemployed. The most commonly cited motivations for CHIM study participation were a desire to contribute to the progression of medicine (170/201; 84.6%); the prospect of financial reimbursement (166/201; 82.6%) and curiosity about clinical trials (117/201; 57.2%). The majority of respondents (139/197; 70.6%) reported that most people advised them against participation. Conclusion: Motivation to participate in a CHIM study was multi-factorial and heavily influenced by internal drivers beyond monetary reimbursement alone. High educational attainment and employment may be protective factors against financial inducement; however, further research is needed, particularly with CHIM studies expanding to low-income and middle-income countries.
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Anguiano, Rebekah H., Autumn D. Zuckerman, Elizabeth Hall, Erica Diamantides, Lisa Kumor, Deborah L. Duckworth, Megan Peter, et al. "Comparison of provider satisfaction with specialty pharmacy services in integrated health-system and external practice models: A multisite survey." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, no. 11 (March 2, 2021): 962–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab079.
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Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to obtain insight into providers’ satisfaction with services offered by health-system integrated specialty pharmacies and to determine whether providers’ perceptions of services offered under an integrated model differ from perceptions of external specialty pharmacy services. Methods A multi-site, cross-sectional, online survey of specialty clinic healthcare providers at 10 academic health systems with integrated specialty pharmacies was conducted. The questionnaire was developed by members of the Vizient Specialty Pharmacy Outcomes and Benchmarking Workgroup and was pretested at 3 pilot sites prior to dissemination. Prescribers of specialty medications within each institution were identified and sent an email invitation to participate in the study that included a link to the anonymous questionnaire. Respondents were asked to rate their agreement with 10 statements regarding quality of services of integrated and external specialty pharmacies on a 5-point scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). An analysis to determine differences in providers’ overall satisfaction with the integrated and external specialty pharmacy practice models, as well as differences in satisfaction scores for each of the 10 statements, was performed using paired-samples t tests. Results The mean (SD) score for overall satisfaction with integrated specialty pharmacies was significantly higher than the score for satisfaction with external specialty pharmacies: 4.72 (0.58) vs 2.97 (1.20); 95% confidence interval, 1.64-1.87; P < 0.001. Provider ratings of the integrated specialty pharmacy model were also higher for all 10 items evaluating the quality of services (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusion The study results confirm that the health-system integrated specialty pharmacy practice model promotes high rates of provider satisfaction with services and perceived benefits.
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Cozma, Alina-Georgiana, Maria Aluaș, and Sorana D. Bolboacă. "Ghostwriting and Authorship Practices in Biomedical Research: A Study Protocol." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica 66, Special Issue (September 9, 2021): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbioethica.2021.spiss.25.
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"Background: Scientific paper authorship represents an important form of academic attainment for research professionals and brings specific benefits (e.g., contribution science, recognizing the author’s intellectual efforts). Authors certify their work’s integrity by accepting the responsability of the published content. The principal two important unethical authorship is honorary authors (the criteria of authorship not met) and ghost authors (contributed substantially but not listed as an author). Aim: The current study has two-fold aim: to determine the prevalence of authorship violations in the biomedical journals according to the Web of Science classification and to evaluate its variation by article type (e.g., research, review, or editorial) and presence/absence authors contributions requirements. Materials and Methods: The following steps will be apply: 1) Identification of journal categories of interest – data source: Journal Citation Reports 2020 (JCR2020); 2) Identification of the eligible journal – JCR2020 by selection of journals weighted according to the number of jorunals in a specific category. The selection will be stratified by the Rank by Journal Citation Indicator (JCI); 3) Collection of characteristics of the included journals regarding the year 2020: total number of articles, number of articles and references, number of reviews and associated references; JCI percentile, open access policy and publication fee if applicable; 4) Random selection (simple random method) of authors who published in 2020. The selection will be done weighted according to the number of manuscripts published in 2020; 5) Development and validation of the questionnaire; 6) Invitation of the corresponding author to participate in the study; 7) Online anonymously data collection. The study protocol will be deposited in an international database. "
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Miller, Robin Elizabeth. "Graduate Students May Need Information Literacy Instruction as Much as Undergraduates." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 9, no. 3 (September 9, 2014): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8bg7b.
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A Review of:
Conway, Kate. (2011). How prepared are students for postgraduate study? A comparison of the information literacy skills of commencing undergraduate and postgraduate studies students at Curtin University. Australian Academic & Research Libraries, 42(2), 121-135.
Abstract
Objective – To determine whether there is a difference in the information literacy skills of postgraduate and undergraduate students beginning an information studies program, and to examine the influence of demographic characteristics on information literacy skills.
Design – Online, multiple choice questionnaire to test basic information literacy skills.
Setting – Information studies program at a large university in Western Australia.
Subjects – 64 information studies students who responded to an email invitation to participate in an online questionnaire, a 44% response rate. Of those responding, 23 were undergraduates and 41 were postgraduates.
Methods – Over the course of two semesters, an online survey was administered. In order to measure student performance against established standards, 25 test questions were aligned with the Australian and New Zealand Information Literacy Framework (ANZIIL) (Bundy, 2004), an adapted version of the ACRL Information Literacy Standards for Higher Education (Association of College & Research Libraries, 2000). In the first semester that the survey was administered, 9 demographic questions were asked and 11 in the second semester. Participants were invited to respond voluntarily to the questionnaire via email. Results were presented as descriptive statistics, comparing undergraduate and postgraduate student performance. The results were not tested for statistical significance and the author did not control for confounding variables.
Main Results – Postgraduate respondents scored an average of 77% on the test questionnaire, while undergraduates scored an average of 69%. The 25% of respondents who had previous work experience in a library achieved average scores of 79%, in contrast to 69% among those who had not worked in a library. Average scores for undergraduates in the 20-30 age group were 81%, while those in the 30-40 age group averaged 65%. Among both undergraduate and postgraduate students, scores may indicate deficiencies in information literacy skills in several areas, including parsing citations, strategies for locating specific content, and defining an information need.
Conclusion – The study concludes that postgraduate students’ information literacy skills may be marginally better than the skills of undergraduates. Age was found to be associated with higher performance among undergraduate students, and a variety of “basic” information literacy skills may elude many respondents. These findings might prompt librarians and instructors to look closely at gaps in information literacy knowledge among students at both the undergraduate and postgraduate level.