Journal articles on the topic 'Online Channel Competition'
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Qin, Zhaoqiong. "Review Product Distribution Through Different Channels." International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2021100103.
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This study aims to investigate the literature in product distribution and channel competition. In this study, past work related to the product distribution through different channels is extensively reviewed. Based on the channel differentiation, channel competition is also reviewed. Finally, the study proposes that the future research may focus on helping the producer make a decision whether to sell the product through its own direct channel (online) through a physical channel or both based on the difference between these two channels.
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Xu, Guangye, and Hanguang Qiu. "Pricing and Distribution Strategies in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 13, no. 3 (July 2020): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2020070102.
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Internet has revolutionized distribution channels. Online orders are forwarded to the brick-and-mortar store to make the fulfillment, which is a new distribution strategy in a dual-channel supply chain. However, there is little research on the value of using such distribution strategy in dual-channel setting. To fill this gap, this article considers a manufacturer marketing a product through a dual-channel supply chain, comprised of an online channel and an offline retail channel. We develop a game theory model to investigate the pricing decisions and the distribution strategies, as well as to examine the impacts of the new distribution strategy on price competition and the dual-channel supply chain member's profits. By comparing the results of the traditional distribution strategy and the new distribution strategy, we find that the new distribution strategy can soften price competition when the proportion of the revenue generated by the direct channel is high enough, while if the proportion is low enough, it may intensify price competition. We also find that the supply chain members can achieve a win-win situation when the wholesale price is higher, and the proportion is greater under the new distribution strategy.
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Yue, Bicheng. "Research on Multichannel Supply Chain Pricing Under Different Dominance." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, no. 5 (October 28, 2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i5.2638.
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In a multichannel supply chain comprising of dual-channel retailers with both physical and online channels as well as single-channel e-tailers with online channels, a multichannel demand model for e-commerce is constructed based on customer channel preferences, and a Stackerberg game model with price competition dominated by dual-channel retailers and single-channel e-tailers as well as a Bertrand game model with equal rights are established to analyze the impact of different channel rights structures on the price, demand, and profit of the two retailers. The results show that the single-channel e-tailer under the dual-channel retailer-dominated game has the highest profit, and the dual-channel retailer under the single-channel e-tailer-dominated game has the highest profit; thus, both retailers should accept the other’s dominant channel rights for profit maximization.
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Xiao, Hanyu. "Competition in multichannel expert services in duopoly." Journal of Modelling in Management 14, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 1088–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-02-2019-0030.
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Purpose This study aims to describe the general picture of the competition in multichannel expert services in duopoly market and discuss how the quality difference may affects the competition between service providers with different quality levels, where both providers offer face-to-face channel and one of providers offers online channel additionally and service quality that consumers have heterogeneous preferences for is vertically differentiated. These results can be used to determine which service providers should offer online expert services and understand the competition in multichannel expert services in duopoly. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the stylized vertical differentiation model to investigate the role of quality in expert services market, assuming that two services providers offer the same services with different quality levels and one of them having additional online services. Taking into account the differences of services from products and the particularity of online service, this paper extends the vertical differentiation model to expert services market. Findings The quality difference is the key factor in the competition of expert services. Service prices and the profits of providers, independent of the quality levels, are positively related to the quality difference, whereas the demand of online services is in the opposite direction regardless of which provider offers online channel. It demonstrates that provider with low-quality level should open online channel from the point of view of social welfare if it is closely related to the expert services, even though any provider can make more profits by opening online channel. Research limitations/implications This extended vertical differentiation model, taking into account the importance of vertical differentiation in expert service, ignores the horizontal differentiation. More accurate strategies for multichannel expert services providers with what level of the quality a provider should offer is needed in future work. Moreover, this paper does not consider the different waiting costs of consumers in face-to-face channel and assumes that their problem will be solved eventually. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, no study has focused on the quality difference in multichannel expert services market or discussed how to offer online expert services in the duopoly market. This study extends the vertical differentiation model to the multichannel expert service market. Therefore, it fills this research gap and extends research to expert services market in the new network environment, aiming to help understand the competition in multichannel expert services.
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Li, Gang, Fengfeng Huang, T. C. Edwin Cheng, and Ping Ji. "Competition Between Manufacturer's Online Customization Channel and Conventional Retailer." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 62, no. 2 (May 2015): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tem.2015.2406913.
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Hu, Y. S., L. H. Zeng, Z. L. Huang, and Q. Cheng. "Optimal channel decision of retailers in the dual-channel supply chain considering consumer preference for delivery lead time." Advances in Production Engineering & Management 15, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14743/apem2020.4.378.
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Facing competition from manufacturers' online direct channels, how retailers make sales channel decisions to increase consumer stickiness has become the core concern of the industry and academia. Empirical research showed that delivery lead time is a key factor that affects consumers' preference for online channels. To analyze the impact of consumer delivery time preference on channel selection and pricing strategy of retailers, consumer delivery lead time preference function was improved from a linear function to an exponential function and consumer demand under the mixed dual-channel supply chain of manufacturer and retailer was derived. Then, the Stackelberg game models under different channel strategies of retailer were established and solved. Results show that consumer preference for delivery lead time has four implications on the channel decision of retailers under manufacturer encroachment in the dual-channel supply chain. First, the dual retail channels strategy is the optimal choice for retailers, and the profit margins that a retailer obtains from dual retail channels supply chain and single online retail channel supply chain will increase as consumers' delivery lead time preference coefficient increases. Second, the optimal pricing of online retail channel and offline retail channel is positively related to consumers' delivery lead time preference coefficient. By contrast, the optimal pricing of online direct channel is negatively related to consumers' delivery lead time preference coefficient. Third, the optimal pricing of online retail channel is higher than that of offline retail and online direct channels. Fourth, a retailer and a manufacturer can adopt a compensation-based whole price contract to address the conflict brought about by the optimal channel choice of the retailer. This study introduces consumer delivery lead time preference into retailer channel decision making and provides a theoretical reference for retailer's mixed channel construction in practice.
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Jia, Xingxing. "Decision-making of online channels under three power structures." Measurement and Control 53, no. 3-4 (January 6, 2020): 296–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019879172.
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In recent years, e-commerce has developed rapidly. Many manufacturers are beginning to integrate with the Internet and regard online platforms, such as online marketplaces and self-owned online malls, as important sale channels for their products. Considering the difference of shopping experience between the two online channels, this paper models price and service competition between the two channels. This paper discusses the decisions of supply chain participants with three power structures, that is, the manufacturer Stackelberg game, the online marketplace firm Stackelberg game, and the Nash game. The results show that the channel service level and the consumer sensitivity to channel service positively affect the channel price and demand. We characterize a threshold for the wholesale price. When the wholesale price is below the threshold, the channel prices are lowest in the Nash game, and when the wholesale price is greater than the threshold, the channel prices are lowest when the manufacture acts as the leader. Differentiated services can improve the supply chain participants’ profits and the system’s profit compared with the same service. More interestingly, this paper finds that the online marketplace firm should pay attention to improving its service level, while the manufacturer should pay attention to other work differently, such as focusing on generating promotional value and shaping corporate brand image by the self-owned online mall channel.
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Li, Pei Qin. "How Channel Promotions and Brand Promotions Work on Dual Markets Competition Together Based on a Weakest Traditionally Retailer: From a Three-Dimensional Simulation Analysis Perspective." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 3631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.3631.
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Channel promotions compete against brand promotions among two manufacturers and one traditional retailer in e-commerce age. Being a leader the first strong manufacturer is not only the weakest traditional retailer’s supplier but also a competitor to the second weaker manufacturer in the internet at the same time. The paper focuses on three supply chain partners’ dynamic games in dual channels and finds out their optimal promotion competition decisions. By three-dimensional simulation analysis it reveals some objective laws of management decisions, such as limits of the traditional retailer’s living space in dual markets competition, and the conditions that all of the three partners could join in the dual markets competition, especially the strong manufacturer 1 could take part in the online market competition, and the strong manufacturer 1 should control its Internet brand promotion level to keep its strong status, etc.
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Hou, Yuhang, and Gengjun Gao. "Pricing and manufacturing strategy of dual-channel green supply chain under common product competition." BCP Business & Management 29 (October 12, 2022): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v29i.2164.
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As consumers' green demand continues to rise, the competition between ordinary products and green products is becoming more and more intense. In order to study the impact of product competition and consumer green demand on product price and product greenness, as well as the optimal manufacturing strategy of dual-channel green supply chain, for a manufacturer and a retailer that can produce common products and green products, a set of The dual-channel supply chain composed of traditional retail channels and online direct sales channels, according to the different production modes of manufacturers, established a dual-channel supply chain game model of traditional production mode, green production mode and mixed production mode, and compared the products under the three production modes Price, greenness, and manufacturer's profit are verified with examples. The results show that: based on the consistent pricing strategy, consumer channel preference directly affects product price and greenness; product competition and consumer green demand sensitivity coefficients both promote product prices and product greenness; the manufacturer's optimal manufacturing strategy For the mixed production mode.
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Saha, Subrata, and Izabela Nielsen. "Strategic Integration Decision under Supply Chain Competition in the Presence of Online Channel." Symmetry 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13010058.
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This study explores the pricing decisions of substitutable products for two competing supply chains in the presence of an online channel. Each supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and an exclusive retailer and one of the manufacturers distributes products through the online channel. We examine optimal decisions under five scenarios to explore how the strategic cooperation between two manufacturers at the upstream horizontal level or with the retailer at the vertical level affects product pricing decisions and the performance of two supply chains? The results reveal that decisions for cooperation with competing manufacturers and opening an online channel are correlated. In the absence of an online channel, cooperation with their respective retailer can lead to a higher supply chain profit. However, if a manufacturer opens an online channel, then cooperation with competing manufacturers can lead to a higher supply chain profit. Under the vertical integration, total supply chain profit might be lower compared to a scenario where members in each supply chain remain independent. Consumers also need to pay more for products.
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Li, Pei Qin. "Research on Supply Chain Hybrid Competition and Channel Pervasion Effects in E-Commerce Age." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.507.
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Supply chain hybrid competition happens among two manufacturers and one traditional retailer in e-commerce age. Being a channel leader the first manufacturer’s role becomes a little sophisticated. That is, being the traditional retailer’s supplier and competing with the traditional retailer’s on the internet at the same time. Besides, as an online competitor the second manufacturer’s channel status could go steadily up as electronic market becomes more mature institutionally. This paper compares two kinds of game models corresponding to two different channel statuses in supply chain partners, which means a weakest traditional retailer or a weakest online manufacturer separately. It finds two models’ existence conditions of supply chain partners’ optimal revenues, optimal decision variables, etc. By numerical analysis it especially analyzes their channel pervasion effects, at the same time, it gives some useful managerial inspiration further.
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Pi, Shangyu, and Yang Wang. "An E-Tailer’s Operational Strategy under Different Supply Chain Structures." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052141.
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Motivated by the enormous business success of E-tailers and their distinct business strategies, this paper analyzes the characteristics of dual online channel competition and the fundamental willingness of an E-tailer to open its marketplace to other retailers while at the same time competing with them. We build game theory models to study the dual-channel competition between an incumbent E-tailer and other online retailers under different supply chain structures. Either the manufacturer or authorized third-party retailers can start an online store in the E-tailer’s marketplace. The results show that the transaction fee charged by the platform and the service level provided to customers play significant roles in deciding the marketplace business strategy—the E-tailer faces complicated issues when these two factors fluctuate. A pure strategy of raising the transaction fee may not always be beneficial and a competitor’s superior service level may help to enhance a rival’s sales price. In the expanded research, dual online channel competition with an unauthorized third-party retailer, which is common in the online marketplace, is also examined.
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Liu, Liwen, Lingli Wu, and Xianpei Hong. "Cross-brand and cross-channel advertising strategies in a dual-channel supply chain." RAIRO - Operations Research 54, no. 6 (September 16, 2020): 1631–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018091.
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The economic value of private brands and online marketing channel have been widely recognized in literature and practical life. Besides, studies show that advertising, as one of the major factors, can affect consumer attitudes and has significant effects on demand and profit. On the existing basis, this paper analyzes the advertising strategies under competition between a national brand manufacturer and a retailer with private brand, where the national brand can be sold both through a direct channel and a store channel but the retailer brand can be sold only through a store channel. We study the best advertising investment strategies and the balanced profits of the national brand manufacturer and retailer in the disintegrated system and the integrated system. Specially, in the disintegrated system, we discuss the best decision-making issues for national brand manufacturer and retailer in two special cases which there is only have brand competition or channel spillover effects. We discuss the impacts of the spillover effect and brand competition on the chain members and advertising strategies of different channels. In addition, we design a unilateral advertising subsidy contract to coordinate the supply chain. The results in this paper offer structural and quantitative insights into the interplay between the manufacturer and retailer in the dual channel supply chain and can be used as a reference for choosing the optimal advertising strategy.
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Beritelli, Pietro, and Roland Schegg. "Maximizing online bookings through a multi-channel-strategy." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2014-0326.
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Purpose Hotel managers are being challenged by the increasing multitude of distribution and sales channels. Online travel agencies (OTAs) in particular generate a great deal of uncertainty: Which are the best ones? Which ones offer the best conditions? How many channels are optimal for my hotel? How can I evaluate costs versus benefits? These and other questions concerning the optimal online distribution channel strategy have produced different reactions in practice. The aim of this paper is to challenge the need for an over-optimization of channel strategy by proposing that the consumer, at the end, deals with a network of information presented on one networked environment, including the Web. Hence, the network effect of the numerous online platforms is what drives consumer choice and, finally, bookings. Design/methodology/approach A series of multiple regressions with representative samples of hotels in Switzerland from the years 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 was performed to estimate the importance of the number of platforms against other independent variables. Additionally, further multiple regressions with samples from the years 2011 and 2012 using the most important platforms (first-tier channels) shows again that the number of platforms is more important. Findings The analyses show that the estimated number of online bookings by the respondents in the hotels is a result of the number of channels, not the type of channel. This is particularly true for non-categorized establishments and one- and two-star hotels. The analyses do not confirm the billboard effect, according to which particular platforms (first-tier channels) increase the probability of bookings. Thus, the survival strategy is to maximize share of shelf and to build on interdependencies and network effects. Research limitations/implications The study looks only at online bookings. Additional research into the connection between online and offline channels, particularly from the viewpoint of the consumer, will provide further insights. The study looks at the booking volume per channel, not the monetary sales volume or the profit. A study that quantifies not only the volume of bookings but also the total profit or the contribution to profit per channel could quantify the benefits of the multi-channel strategy. Originality/value The multiple online channel strategy seems to be the more effective approach to maximizing bookings online, regardless of the platforms chosen. Results of the study challenge the current opinion among practitioners that the multitude of distribution channels forces them to choose among single online channels and, therefore, drives the search for criteria to assess these channels or even to disregard them. The consistent results across 2009-2012 show that even in the turbulent phase of the advent of OTAs in the travel industry, hotels can adopt a winning strategy. Finally, the results suggest that the intermediation of online distribution of hotel beds has approached the condition of perfect competition, causing the OTA business model to be cannibalized.
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Honarvar, Mahboobeh, Majid Alimohammadi Ardakani, and Mohammad Modarres. "A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Solving Pricing and Lead Time Quotation in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Multiple Customer Classes." Advances in Operations Research 2020 (April 22, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5917126.
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The combination of traditional retail channel with direct channel adds a new dimension of competition to manufacturers’ distribution system. In this paper, we consider a make-to-order manufacturer with two channels of sale, sale through retailers and online direct sale. The customers are classified into different classes, based on their sensitivity to price and due date. The orders of traditional retail channel customers are fulfilled in the same period of ordering. However, price and due date are quoted to the online customers based on the available capacity as well as the other orders in the pipeline. We develop two different structures of the supply chain: centralized and decentralized dual-channel supply chain which are formulated as bilevel binary nonlinear models. The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is also developed to obtain a satisfactory near-optimal solution and compared to a genetic algorithm. Through various numerical analyses, we investigate the effects of the customers’ preference of a direct channel on the model’s variables.
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Dai, Lufeng, Xifu Wang, Xiaoguang Liu, and Lai Wei. "Pricing Strategies in Dual-Channel Supply Chain with a Fair Caring Retailer." Complexity 2019 (April 18, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1484372.
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Manufacturers add online direct channels that inevitably engage in channel competition with offline retail channels. Since price is an important factor in consumers' choice of purchasing channel, pricing strategy has become a popular topic for research on dual-channel competition and coordination. In contrast to previous research on pricing strategies based on the full rationality of members, we focus on the impact of retailers' fairness concerns on pricing strategies. In this study, the hybrid dual-channel supply chain consists of one manufacturer with a direct channel who acts as the leader and a retailer who acts as the follower. First, we use the Stackelberg game approach to determine the equilibrium pricing strategy for a fair caring retailer. Simultaneously, we consider a centralized dual-channel supply chain as the benchmark for a comparative analysis of the efficiency of a decentralized supply chain. Furthermore, we study pricing strategies when the retailer has fairness concerns and determine the complete equilibrium solutions for different ranges of the parameters representing cross-price sensitivity and fairness. Finally, through numerical experiments, the pricing strategies, the profit and utility of the manufacturer and retailer, and the channel efficiency of the supply chain are compared and analysed for two scenarios. We find that fairness concerns reduce the manufacturer's profits, while for the most part, the retailers’ profit can be improved; however, the supply chain cannot achieve complete coordination.
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Hsiao, Lu, and Ying-Ju Chen. "The perils of selling online: Manufacturer competition, channel conflict, and consumer preferences." Marketing Letters 24, no. 3 (November 29, 2012): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-012-9216-z.
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Fu, Yumin, Jianyun Wu, Cheng Ma, and Xiaoyu Fu. "Agency, Reselling, or Hybrid: Strategic Channel Selection in a Green Supply Chain." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032016.
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This study explores the channel preference of a platform and a green manufacturer in an online market. The platform offers both the agency channel and the reselling channel, while the manufacturer designs a green product to improve the green effort and sells it through the platform. We find that the manufacturer’s channel preference is determined by the interaction of the green investment, the commission rate, and the competition intensity. In contrast, the online platform prefers the hybrid channel when both the commission rate and green investment inefficiency are moderate but prefers the agency channel otherwise. Interestingly, the manufacturer can change its sales center between the reselling channel and the agency channel, thus resulting in a win–win outcome for the manufacturer and the platform by selecting the hybrid channel. This study reveals the benefits of green product selling in an online market and provides useful guidelines for green product manufacturers and platform managers in improving their strategic selling channel.
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Wei, Jie, Tong Shao, and Jing Zhao. "Interactions of Bargaining Power and Introduction of Online Channel in Two Competing Supply Chains." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7952413.
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This paper studies the effect of dual-channel format on supply chain’s competition ability and the effect of different bargaining powers on the competition between two supply chains and the optimal pricing decisions of all supply chain members when one supply chain introduces an online retailing channel. We develop four game models and obtain the optimal pricing decisions in closed form of these models and give some sensitivity analysis through numerical approach. Some new managerial insights are obtained as follows: Regardless of the two supply chain members’ bargaining forms, the optimal price, the maximal demand, and the maximal profit decrease as the self-price sensitivity decreases. The industry holds advantage in getting higher profit when the supply chain without online retailing channel is led by the retailer. In addition, we find that a manufacturer as a leader of its supply chain can get more profit when the competing supply chain’s leader is the manufacturer than when the competing supply chain’s leader is the retailer.
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Lei, Jiang, and You Gui Zhao. "Study on the Gaming-Oriented Competition Relationship between Independent E-Retailers and Product Suppliers." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.897.
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A with the rapid development of e-commerce, the influence of online retailers gradually increased, vendors sell their products through online retailers have become an inevitable choice in the era of e-commerce. Vendors and online retailers have fundamental differences in the channel control, distribution of benefits, resulting in the presence of both cooperation and competition between the two sides. In this paper, using replicator dynamics model, combined with non-symmetric matrix, analysis of evolution trend between independent Internet retailers and suppliers cooperation competition game, and proposes relevant suggestions accordingly trend.
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Zhao, Yan-Fei, Yong Wang, and Guo-Qiang Shi. "The Impact of Consumers’ Peer-Induced Fairness Concerns on Mixed Retail and E-Tail Channels." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (November 16, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9023470.
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With the rapid development of e-commerce, online retailing has become an important part of the market. In order to improve market competitiveness and increase market share, more and more retailers have opened both regular offline channel and online e-tail channel to sell products. Then how to price becomes an urgent problem for upstream manufacturers and dual-channel retailers when there is price competition between regular channel and e-tail channel, especially when consumers have peer-induced fairness concerns. However, linking consumers’ behavioral factors such as fairness concerns to pricing decisions of mixed retail and e-tail channels draws little attention in the literature on supply chain management. This paper incorporates “consumers’ peer-induced fairness concerns” (CPFC) into pricing decisions in a dyadic supply chain, where dual-channel retailer obtains products from manufacturers and then sells products to consumers through both regular channel and e-tail channel. We use game-theoretic models to analyze the equilibrium pricing strategies under the setting with “symmetry consumers’ peer-induced fairness concerns” (SCPFC) and with “asymmetry consumers’ peer-induced fairness concerns” (ACPFC), respectively. Detailed comparisons and numerical analysis are further conducted to examine the impacts of different types of CPFC on equilibrium pricing strategies and profits.
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Mandal, Pratap Chandra. "Retailing Trends and Developments - Challenges and Opportunities." International Journal of Business Strategy and Automation 1, no. 2 (April 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbsa.2020040101.
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The retail environment is changing rapidly. The competition is getting tougher. Some of the developments taking place include tighter consumer spending; new retail forms; shortening retail life cycles and retail convergence; rise of megaretailers; growth of direct, online, mobile, and social media retailing; necessity of omni-channel retailing; importance of retail technology; green retailing; and global expansion of major retailers. Retailers adopt a number of measures to be successful in the short run and in the long run. The article will sensitize retailers about the requirements to be successful in the competitive retail environment. All the strategies will help retailers to develop customer relationships and grow in the competition.
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Xu, Lang, Jia Shi, and Jihong Chen. "Effect of Capital Constraint in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain." Complexity 2020 (November 3, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1585270.
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Capital constraint is a significant factor that mainly restricts the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises. This paper explores the channel strategy and pricing decision in a dual-channel supply chain, which consists of one supplier and one retailer. Adequate and inadequate capital constraints for the supplier are distinguished by determining whether open the retail channel to sell. The observations offer managerial insights into supply chain member. First, the results indicate that the capital constraint is a key factor affecting channel strategies and pricing decisions. With the increased value of capital constraint, the wholesale price of offline channel and the selling price of online channel firstly decrease and then remain constant. Second, the results demonstrate that, with capital constraint, the supplier pays more attention to consumers’ brand loyalty if it chooses to open the online channel only. Additionally, the price-sensitivity parameter has no effect on the strategy of opening only the offline channel. Moreover, when the channel competition is too intense, the supplier will choose to only open the online channel strategy and increase the online selling price if the capital is insufficient.
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Ryan, Jennifer K., Daewon Sun, and Xuying Zhao. "Coordinating a Supply Chain With a Manufacturer-Owned Online Channel: A Dual Channel Model Under Price Competition." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 60, no. 2 (May 2013): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tem.2012.2207903.
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Wu, Qingtong. "Research on Pricing Strategy of Online and Offline Supply Chain Based on Channel Preference in the Context of New Retail." Complexity 2021 (September 2, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5211642.
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In recent years, brick-and-mortar retail has continuously encountered setbacks in the context of the rapid development of the Internet, and many brick-and-mortar stores cannot withstand losses and were closed down. E-commerce also seems to be able to intuitively understand the needs and preferences of consumers. With the continuous competition of online retail, the undifferentiated production of online retail has slowed down the development of e-commerce. The rise of the new retail model has promoted the production of high-quality products, which has greatly stimulated supply and demand. The new retail model is able to make better use of existing human and material resources and maximize the use of resources in today’s era of rapid technological changes. Online and offline network competition channels also exert different competitive advantages for different consumers. This paper studies the competition between physical retail and e-commerce retail and combines centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making for analysis. It also calculates the relative optimal pricing price of e-commerce retail through numerical simulation calculations. Although the best pricing price is obtained after a series of calculations, it is still necessary to comprehensively consider and analyze multiple factors rationally to promote the long-term development of the enterprise. Although supply chain pricing strategies can solve certain problems in market sales to a certain extent, comprehensive analysis and scientifically formulating corporate development strategies are the guarantee of sustainable business operations.
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Lv, Xingyang, Nian Li, Xiaowei Xu, and Yang Yang. "Understanding the emergence and development of online travel agencies: a dynamic evaluation and simulation approach." Internet Research 30, no. 6 (July 27, 2020): 1783–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-11-2019-0464.
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PurposeWith the explosive growth of the Internet, online travel agents (OTAs) have gained an increasing market share in the online booking market. However, OTAs are facing fierce competition from hotels' direct booking channels, as well as competition among themselves. Therefore, there is a need for an understanding of the evolution of the OTA market from a dynamic perspective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term effect of OTAs on the hospitality industry and to find whether an equilibrium of this effect exists in the context of e-commerce.Design/methodology/approachTo gain a better understanding of the OTA market process, a mathematical framework is constructed on the basis of four assumptions. NetLogo 5.1.0 is used to perform a series of numerical simulations.FindingsThe results indicate the following: (1) the development of the OTA market helps to improve net social welfare, but hotels (especially economy hotels) have suffered as a result; (2) clever exploitation of both online and offline channels that are based on hotels' historical data may improve hotels' performance; (3) a scale-priority strategy can be more helpful than a profit-priority strategy for enabling OTAs to maintain their long-term competitiveness; (4) the timing of participation in online-channel competition is a crucial factor in determining whether OTAs can achieve business success.Social implicationsIn this study, it is shown how consumer habits have changed since the development of OTAs. The online channels provided by OTAs create a convenient, low-cost user experience, and they consequently improve the net welfare of customers. OTAs should be encouraged appropriately, although some economy hotels may suffer from the rise of OTAs.Originality/valueIn this empirical study, a mathematical framework is developed to describe the process of evolution in the OTA market, and it uses simulations as a means to validate prior research findings. Unlike previous studies, a dynamic perspective is used in this investigation to interpret the emergence of OTAs and to analyze their enormous impact on the hospitality industry. Thus, the findings of this study capture the competitive characteristics of online and offline channels in a network context and indicate potential strategies for the development of OTAs and which hotels may use OTAs to achieve better performance. In addition, the study findings could be easily extended to explain many of the classical economic phenomena regarding firms with intangible products.
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Wu, Xia, Yang Li, Hefu Liu, and Kai Zhang. "Influence of IT support on firms' cross-channel integration: the moderating role of institutional environment." Industrial Management & Data Systems 122, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 1056–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2021-0457.
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PurposeUsing dynamic capability theory, this study investigates how information technology (IT) support affects firms' online and offline cross-channel integration (CCI). In addition, it applies institutional theory to examine how the relationships between IT support and CCI are moderated by firms' institutional environments.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 308 firms in China that conduct business in online and offline channels was empirically tested through hierarchical regression analysis.FindingsThe results showed two types of IT support facilitated CCI: IT support for strategy and IT support for process. The relationship between IT support for process and CCI was stronger than that between IT support for strategy and CCI. The results further indicated institutional environment (i.e. dysfunctional competition and government support) played differing roles in these effects, such that the relationship between IT support for strategy and CCI was significantly weakened by dysfunctional competition yet enhanced by government support. However, neither dysfunctional competition nor government support had a significant moderating role in the relationship between IT support for process and CCI.Originality/valueThis study identifies different IT support types as antecedents of CCI. It is also one of the earliest attempts to explore the influence of institutional environment on the relationship between IT support and CCI.
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Zheng, Benrong, Shoujun Huang, and Liang Jin. "The bright side of online recycling: Perspectives of customer’s channel preference and competition." Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 50 (November 2021): 101102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101102.
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Wan, Qin, Yu Huang, Cuiting Yu, and Meili Lu. "Strategic Provision of Trade Credit in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (December 17, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9918060.
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This study focuses on a a dual-channel supply chain that consists of a capital-constrained brick-and-mortar retailer and a manufacturer, where a manufacturer can simultaneously sell products through a traditional retail channel and a direct online channel. Supplementary pricing strategy and competitive pricing strategy are simulated in our model, and we find that the former one is the better choice for the manufacturer when the retailer suffers capital constraints. In our analysis, the capital constraint on retailer could mitigate the price competition between two channels, and it may be beneficial to the manufacturer under certain conditions. Our findings show that the manufacturer should strategically provide trade credit to retailers rather than unconditionally provide it. We present two trade-credit strategies (trade credit with positive interest rate and trade credit with zero interest rate) and suggest that the manufacturer should choose an appropriate trade-credit strategy according to the initial capital of the retailer. To guide the manufacturer when and how to provide trade credit, we conduct several numerical simulations based on our results and further plot out a graph to direct the manufacturer to an appropriate strategy of trade credit.
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Wahyudin, Moh, Henry Yuliando, and Amalia Savitri. "Consumer Behavior Intentions to Purchase Daily Needs through Online Store Channel." agriTECH 40, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.49232.
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The inception of the 4.0 industrial era led to the evolution of internet information technology, which significantly changed the business sector’s marketing, transaction, and payment systems into online stores. This new marketplace is an important business infrastructure used to develop marketing strategies in this technological era. Therefore, it enables companies or enterprises, including those in the retail sector, to remotely sell daily products, such as cooking needs, foods, snacks, beverages, toiletries, and laundries through various online platforms. Furthermore, these companies need to creatively and anticipatively participate in the various trading competition by having an online shopping channel. This study aims to measure consumer behavior intention in using the online store channel to purchase daily needs products in order to determine the influence of convenience and risk transactions on behavioral intentions. Data were obtained from respondents that consistently make use of online stores channel. The result showed that consumers’ ease and convenience during transactions, especially in terms of payment and delivery service, have a positive and significant effect on their attitude and behavioral intention to use online store channel to purchase daily needs products.
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Shi, Yuan, Luying Zhou, Ting Qu, and Qian Qi. "Introducing the marketplace or not? Risk analysis of channel strategy for online retailers." Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 366–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-03-2019-0183.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to help online retailers who have an existing reselling channel to figure out the risk of introducing an additional marketplace channel and identify the introduction threshold with an overall consideration to the fulfilment cost and services. Design/methodology/approach In order to evaluate the risk of the marketplace channel strategy, this paper develops a Retailer–Stackelberg pricing model. Products are divided into two categories according to different fulfilment cost–value ratio to get a more targeted strategy. Findings The results show that the strategy of introducing the marketplace is not always satisfying. Retailers prefer this strategy when they are the prevailing parties in service output. The overall trend is that retailers have to encourage their marketplace partners to improve services for the product with a big fulfilment cost–value ratio. Otherwise, retailers should block the marketplace from entering. Research limitations/implications For an intuitive conclusion, this paper assumes that the operating costs (except fulfilment cost) are equal in two channels. This suggests a need to further investigate the impact of other costs. Meanwhile, it would be interesting to examine the competition among suppliers and retailers. Practical implications This research provides the suggestions for online retailers who want to introduce and well manage the marketplace channel. Social implications This research also helps both academia and industry become more intelligent about the significant influences of category management on channel strategy. Originality/value Most prior research is unaware of the risk of introducing a new channel, which also rarely considers how to manage it. This research points out that the effectiveness of this channel strategy differs in different categories. Moreover, retailers can benefit from managing the marketplace’s service output.
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Wang, Jian, and Huijuan Jiang. "Price and Service Competition in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Product Customization." Complexity 2021 (March 26, 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8833174.
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This paper considers a dual-channel supply chain with product customization. One manufacturer and one retailer are involved. The online direct sales channel sells standard and customized products, and the offline retail channel sells standard products. The prices and service levels of products sold via different channels are differentiated, and the customization level which influences the customization cost and choices of customers is decided by the manufacturer. Three game models are proposed: the manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) model, the retailer Stackelberg (RS) model, and the Nash game model. The price and service decisions of the players are derived. Meanwhile, a service-cost-sharing contract is designed for the MS model. The impacts of price and service competition, service cost, and customers sensitivity to the customization level on the optimal decisions are investigated. Through the numerical analysis, we find that, among the three models, the manufacturer Stackelberg model is the most beneficial game structure for the overall supply chain but has the largest revenue gap between the two members. Second, under price competition and service competition, the manufacturer should differentiate the prices and services for direct sales standard products and customized products according to his market status. Third, the manufacturer should increase customization expenditures to construct his customization production line and provide more diversified products when consumers are more sensitive to product customization.
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Xu, Jiaying, Qingfeng Meng, Yuqing Chen, and Jia Zhao. "Dual-Channel Pricing Decisions for Product Recycling in Green Supply Chain Operations: Considering the Impact of Consumer Loss Aversion." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031792.
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With the vigorous rise of online third-party recycling platforms, dual-channel recycling has become the primary recycling mode in the reverse supply chain (RSC). However, as the main body of recycling, consumers have a significant impact on the recycling process, and their behavioral preferences are rarely considered in the pricing decision of the reverse recycling supply chain. Based on the dual-channel RSC, this paper considers the competition among channels. It introduces the loss aversion behavior preference of consumers to establish a dual-channel RSC composed of remanufacturers and online and offline recyclers. This study aims to analyze the impact of consumers’ loss aversion behavior on the recycling pricing and profit of each node in the green RSC and discuss the decision of recyclers under consumers’ loss aversion behavior. The results show that the deeper consumers’ aversion to the loss of recycling price, the lower the recycling price of dual-channel recyclers will be, which will be more conducive to the increase in the profit of online recyclers. However, the profit of remanufacturers will be reduced, and the total amount of recycling will decline. This paper considers the impact of consumer loss aversion behavior on dual-channel reverse supply chain pricing decisions based on prospect theory. It provides references for chain members to set recycling prices to increase people’s enthusiasm for recycling and the amount of recycled scrap, contributes to the cause of resource conservation and environmental protection, and improves the economic efficiency of recycling enterprises.
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Wieland, Thomas. "Spatial Shopping Behavior in a Multi-Channel Environment: A Discrete Choice Model Approach." REGION 8, no. 2 (August 4, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v8i2.361.
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Spatial impacts of online shopping are discussed frequently in retail geography. Here, online shopping is mostly regarded as a central driver of competition for physical retailing and its locations, such as town centers or malls. Due to its high popularity, cross-channel shopping is sometimes considered to be a support for physical retailing. However, traditional retail location theory does not consider shopping channels other than in-store shopping. Furthermore, although online shopping is far too important to be neglected in examining consumer spatial shopping behavior, there is an obvious lack in the previous literature towards incorporating multi- and cross-channel shopping into store choice models. The present study aims to identify the main drivers of store choice on the basis that both in-store and online shopping alternatives are available, as well as the opportunity for cross-channel shopping. Taking into account previous literature on both physical store choice and multi-channel shopping, hypotheses on the impact of different shopping transaction costs (such as travel time, delivery charges, or uncertainty with respect to the stores' assortment) were derived. Based on a representative consumer survey, real past shopping decisions in three retail sectors (groceries, consumer electronics [CE], and furniture) were collected. The econometric analysis of empirical store choices was performed using a nested logit model which includes both physical and online stores. The results confirm several assumptions of classical retail location theory as well as previous findings from single-firm studies and stated choice experiments on multi-channel shopping behavior. Travel time to physical stores reduces consumer utility and store choice probability, respectively. Consumer sensitivity towards travel time decreases with decreasing purchase frequency of the desired goods. Delivery charges also decrease the likelihood of choosing a store. The impact of cross-channel integration on store choice (assuming the reduction of consumer transaction costs) is considerably lower than expected and differs between retail sectors. While furniture retailers profit from enabling cross-channel shopping, there is no such competitive advantage found for grocery and CE retailers. The positive effect of assortment on condition of diminishing marginal utility is confirmed for grocery stores and CE stores, but not for furniture stores. From a theoretical perspective, this study shows that multi- and cross-channel shopping behavior does not contradict the main thoughts of classical retail location theory. From a practical perspective, the study is a contribution as store choice models play a significant role in both business location planning and governmental land use planning.
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Li, Pei Qin. "Research on Dual Markets Competition and Capacity Optimization Based on a Weakest Traditional Retailer: From a Brand Promotion Effect Perspective." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 3419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.3419.
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Being two promotion forms on online markets, brand and channel contend each other which could influence capacity decisions of the manufacturers. Here the leader manufacturers role becomes complicated who keeps owning a weakest traditional retailer and competing on online markets at the same time. Focusing on brand promotion effect, the paper finds out supply chain partners optimal decisions. The focus of numerical analysis is that how the leader manufacturers brand and channel promotion effects affect three partners optimal revenues, optimal prices, especially to the leader manufacturers capacity decisions. Meanwhile, some interesting managerial inspiration could be carried out.
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Li, Zonghuo, Wensheng Yang, Xiaohong Liu, and Hassan Taimoor. "Coordination strategies in dual-channel supply chain considering innovation investment and different game ability." Kybernetes 49, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 1581–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2018-0669.
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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of retailer innovation investment and its spillover’s effect on competitive dual-channel supply chain pricing and optimization strategy, and explore the coordination mechanism considering decision maker’s bargaining ability.Design/methodology/approachThe Cournot and Stackelberg game methodology are made use of for the duopoly decentralized and joint decision-making model. The bargaining theory with different negotiation ability was used to analysis the coordination mechanism. Then this paper validates the model by simulation techniques.FindingsThe results enlightened some interesting facts, the increase in innovation demand coefficient spur rise in channel pricing, innovation investment level, supply chain profit and consumer welfare. The rise in innovation spillover coefficient leads to increase in online channel pricing, supply chain profit and consumer welfare. Due to the innovation spillover effect, retailer has to maintain channel competitiveness either through low price or high innovation investment strategies. In addition, online channel pricing, supply chain profit and consumer welfare in joint decision-making scenario is greater than that of decentralized decision-making scenario, while the difference in retailer channel pricing depends on parameters value. The increase in retailer’s joint negotiation factor leads to decrease in channel pricing and innovation investment level. Furthermore, there existence of an optimal innovative investment cost sharing proportion threshold indicates the achievement of dual-channel supply chain coordination. A refinement equilibrium can be achieved through Robinstein bargaining game. A larger interest discount factor leads to decrease in profit.Originality/valueThe research provides a theoretical reference for dual-channel supply chain pricing and coordination strategy under channel competition environment. The research can develop innovative investment strategies for retailers and implement response strategies for manufacturers.
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Ranjan, Rajeev Kumar, Shoaib Alam Siddiqui, Nitin Thapar, and Shyam Singh Chauhan. "E-commerce and portfolio allocations: A study on the Indian life insurance customers." Corporate and Business Strategy Review 1, no. 1 (2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv1i1art4.
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The paper attempts to find the impact of technology on the purchase behavior of consumers for insurance products. With the use of technology and e-commerce the adoption of insurance products had undergone a transformation. With the entry of private players the insurance sector has become very competitive (Jampala & Rao, 2005). With increased competition the life insurance industry is adopting innovative marketing practices to tap a larger market; the companies therefore are developing their capabilities of access-based penetration, distribution and sale to customers. The advances in technology have changed the way insurance products were marketed in India. Apart from the traditional agency channel, the companies are also exploring alternative channels like brokers, rural channels, online marketing, and e-commerce, etc. The personal selling based channels are the new innovative methods offering an effective reach at a minimum cost. To analyze the consumer purchase behavior the study used two-way ANOVA to determine the effect of two nominal predictor variables on a continuous outcome variable. The results of the study will assist the life insurance companies in improving their operations and efficiency.
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Lou, Zhenkai, Fujun Hou, Xuming Lou, and Yubing Zhai. "Tripartite game models in a dual-channel supply chain: competition and cooperation." RAIRO - Operations Research 55, no. 2 (March 2021): 653–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021029.
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This paper considers tripartite games in a dual-channel supply chain which involves a manufacturer, an offline retailer and an online retailer. Both competition and cooperation issues are analyzed. In the competition model, a Stackelberg game between the manufacturer and two retailers and a Bertrand game between two retailers occur simultaneously. It is shown that the channel which attracts more consumers’ purchase preference is charged a higher wholesale price and it meanwhile declares a higher sales price. In the presence of revenue sharing, cooperation issues between the three participants are studied and the change of the revenue of each participant is analyzed when partial cooperation exists. Further, the definition of the optimum two-player coalition is proposed. We demonstrate that the channel which attracts more preference of consumers is definitely in the optimum coalition. The structure of the two-player coalition is analyzed. Finally, under revenue sharing and cost apportionments, the change of each participant’s profit is examined.
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Dong, Ciwei, Liu Yang, and Chi To Ng. "Quantity Leadership for a Dual-Channel Supply Chain with Retail Service." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 37, no. 02 (March 16, 2020): 2050005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595920500050.
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In a dual-channel supply, the manufacturer sells the products by both a traditional channel via the retailer and an online channel directly. Comparing with the direct channel, the retailer may provide additional services to the traditional channel. This paper studies the quantity leadership for a dual-channel supply chain with retail service. The manufacturer decides the wholesale price of the products and its selling quantity via the online channel, and the retailer decides the service level and its selling quantity via the traditional channel. We consider three Cournot competition games: Manufacturer-as-leader game, retailer-as-leader game, and simultaneous game. Optimal solutions are derived for these games. Based on the optimal solutions, we investigate the quantity leadership/followership decisions for the manufacturer and retailer, associated with the changes of some parameters. We observe that when the service sensitivity parameters are low, being a follower is a dominant strategy for the retailer; otherwise, both strategies of manufacturer-as-leader (retailer as the follower) and retailer-as-leader (manufacturer as the follower) are Nash equilibriums. We further conduct the numerical studies to investigate the impacts of parameters related to the retail service, and discuss the insights of the findings.
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Liu, Bingquan, Xuran Chang, Boyang Nie, Yue Wang, and Lingqi Meng. "Government Low-Carbon Regulations Based on Supply Chain Members’ Behavior and Consumers’ Channel Preference in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain." Complexity 2021 (May 31, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9967381.
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As carbon emissions are increasing due to the development of economy, low-carbon supply chain plays an important role in carbon emissions reduction and the dual-channel supply chain has become a hit because online shopping is developing rapidly. Therefore, this paper builds a Stackelberg game model led by the manufacturer in a dual-channel supply chain to examine the reaction of the government under centralized or decentralized decisions-making structures with different low-carbon strategies. The result shows that the government can achieve higher profits by taking incentive or punitive measures for centralized decision-making supply chain no matter they invest in emissions reduction or not. Moreover, for decentralized decision-making mode, increasing low-carbon subsidies for retailers can achieve a win-win result between the supply chain and the government; and, finally, channel competition is good for improving the supply chain and social benefits. Therefore, the government is responsible for taking reasonable subsidy policies, formulate industry’s low-carbon standards, and properly guide competition between supply chain members to achieve higher profits.
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T.M., Rofin, Umakanta Mishra, and Jei-Zheng Wu. "Performance of Channel Members under Emission-Sensitive Demand for Green Supply Chain Management: A Game Theory Approach." Mathematics 10, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10111879.
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The skyrocketing growth of e-commerce and traditional retailing contributes to a large proportion of carbon emissions in any supply chain. Nevertheless, the literature related to carbon emission has focused on manufacturers and their potential for emission reduction. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the role of the retailing sector in reducing carbon emissions. Therefore, this study considers emission-sensitive demands which are faced by an r-store (brick and mortar retailer) and an e-store (online retailer) under different channel power structures. The competition between the channel members is modeled using game theory for the following channel structures, i.e., (i) r-store and e-store have commensurate channel power, (ii) r-store holds higher channel power, and (iii) e-store holds higher channel power. Equilibrium analysis was carried out to obtain the optimal pricing strategies and the r-store’s optimal profit and e-store. Further, the pricing strategies and resulting sales volumes were compared analytically and followed by a numerical validation. Three subcases were considered under numerical examples based on the parameter values with special reference to the base demand. It was found that competition between the r-store and the e-store having commensurate channel power will make them worse off. Therefore, the channel leadership is neither helping the r-store nor the e-store obtain more profit when the customer demand is emission sensitive.
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T.M., Rofin, and Biswajit Mahanty. "Impact of price adjustment speed on the stability of Bertrand–Nash equilibrium and profit of the retailers." Kybernetes 47, no. 8 (September 3, 2018): 1494–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-08-2017-0301.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of price adjustment speed on the stability of Bertrand–Nash equilibrium in the context of a dual-channel supply chain competition. Design/methodology/approach The paper considers a dual-channel supply chain comprising a manufacturer, a traditional retailer and an online retailer. A two-dimensional discrete dynamical system is used to examine the Bertrand competition between the retailers. The retailers are assumed to follow bounded rational expectations. Local stability of Bertrand–Nash equilibrium is investigated with respect to the price adjustment speed. Findings As the price adjustment speed increases, the stability of Bertrand–Nash equilibrium is lost, leading to complex chaotic dynamics. The results showed that chaotic dynamics deteriorates the profit of the retailers. The authors also found that the chaos can be controlled using an adaptive adjustment mechanism and the retailers enjoy higher profit when the chaos is controlled. Practical implications This study helps retail managers to choose an appropriate price adjustment speed to maximize profit. Originality/value The heterogeneity of the retailers is not considered in the studies involving dynamics of retailer competition. This paper contributes to the literature by considering the operational difference between a traditional retailer and an online retailer, i.e. price adjustment speed. In addition, the study establishes a link between price adjustment speed and profit.
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Guo, Kaiqiang, Hongwei Wang, Yuan Song, and Zhanqi Du. "The effect of online reviews on e-tailers’ pricing in a dual-channel market with competition." International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics 9, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13042-015-0346-5.
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Saragih, M. Yoserizal, and Ali Imran Harahap. "The Challenges of Print Media Journalism in the Digital Era." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i1.805.
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This study aims to analyze the challenges of print media journalism in the digital era. The development of online media has now become a threat to newspapers and print media. The rapid development of the internet has encouraged people to access online media easily through mobile phones, or gadgets. Print media are in danger of being threatened, and loyal readers of print media are likely to turn to online media. The results shows that the biggest challenge of journalists in the digital information era is synonymous with the competition between media mainstream and new media in this case online media. The party who felt a significant impact with the presence of online media was journalism which of course already had a new channel to spread information and news.
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Li, Ying, and Guihang Guo. "Study on the Perishable Product’s Pricing Decision With Overconfident Consumers in the Dual-Channel Setting." International Journal of Business Administration 11, no. 5 (August 24, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v11n5p20.
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With the development of internet, the online shopping mode has become more popular among consumers, and the online direct selling becomes more common. Besides buying products from traditional stores, consumers could get the product directly from the manufacturer online. In the dual channel setting, the competition becomes fiercer. Retailer should focus more on the price decision and take suitable pricing strategy to increase its profit. In this paper, consumer’s overconfidence behavior is incorporated into perishable products’ pricing decision in the partially integrated dual channel setting. Through the analysis of consumer’s decision making process, this paper constructs the model for partially integrated manufacturer and retailer under the mean and precision overconfidence scenarios, conducts the optimal analysis, and analyzes the effect of consumer’s overconfidence level on the optimal wholesale, retail and direct selling prices. We conclude that, no matter consumers are mean-overconfident or precision-overconfident; there are optimal wholesale price, direct sale price and retail price. Business enterprises should enhance their information collection capability and adopt some marketing measures to influence consumer’s overconfidence level in order to increase the sales revenue.
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Nurlaila, Alfa Rizka. "Marketing Management System of Dropshipping Islamic Economic Perspective (Case Study at Purwokerto Online We Skincare Store)." International Conference of Moslem Society 3 (April 12, 2019): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/icms.2019.2510.
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Competitive market competition requires an entrepreneur to prepare a strategy and regulate the right and mature marketing management. Marketing is one of the activities carried out by the company to maintain the continuity of its business. The marketing process begins before goods are produced, and does not end with sales. Online Shop is a shop that applies marketing management with a dropshipping system. Which system is considered beneficial for business people who do not have the capital and the dropshipper does not need to buy goods first. In this study, researcher choosed the online shop “We Skincare” Purwokerto as the research subject. This research is field research, with the type of research is qualitative research. The technique of collecting data used observation, documentation, and interview. In this case, the researcher describe one problem which is then analyzed based on the perspective of Islamic economics, namely by: describing the marketing management of online shop “We Skincare” Purwokerto. Based on the research, marketing management applied in online shop “We Skincare” Purwokerto is 4P marketing strategy. In this case, the online shop “We Skincare” Purwokerto explained the characteristics of products, packaging, and services provided or affordability, which means affordable prices but with good quality and results. Online shop “We Skincare” Purwokerto used direct distribution channel as the main strategy for attracting consumers. And the promotion is carried out through social media.
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Davies, Alec, Les Dolega, and Daniel Arribas-Bel. "Buy online collect in-store: exploring grocery click&collect using a national case study." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-01-2018-0025.
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Purpose Twenty-first century online retailing has reshaped the retail landscape. Grocery shopping is emerging as the next fastest growing category in online retailing in the UK, having implications for the channels we use to purchase goods. Using Sainsbury’s data, the authors create a bespoke set of grocery click&collect catchments. The resultant catchments allow an investigation of performance within the emerging channel of grocery click&collect. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The spatial interaction method of “Huff gravity modeling” is applied in a semi-automated approach, used to calculate grocery click&collect catchments for 95 Sainsbury’s stores in England. The catchments allow investigation of the spatial variation and particularly rural-urban differences. Store and catchment characteristics are extracted and explored using ordinary least squares regression applied to investigate “demand per day” (a confidentiality transformed revenue value) as a function of competition, performance and geodemographic factors. Findings The findings show that rural stores exhibit a larger catchment extent for grocery click&collect when compared with urban stores. Linear regression finds store characteristics as having the greatest impact on demand per day, adhering to wider retail competition literature. Conclusions display a need for further investigation (e.g. quantifying loyalty). Originality/value New insights are contributed at a national level for grocery click&collect, as well as e-commerce, multichannel shopping and retail geography. Areas for further investigation are identified, particularly quantitatively capturing brand loyalty. The research has commercial impact as the catchments are being applied by Sainsbury’s to decide the next 100 stores and plan for the next five years of their grocery click&collect offering.
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Yadav, Vinay Surendra, Sarsij Tripathi, and A. R. Singh. "Bi-objective optimization for sustainable supply chain network design in omnichannel." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 30, no. 6 (October 21, 2019): 972–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-06-2017-0118.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design a sustainable supply chain network (SCN) for omnichannel environment in order to provide better service to customers through flexible distribution. Thus, there is a need to incorporate multiple-channel distribution in the network design of supply chains (SCs). Design/methodology/approach A multiple-channel distribution supply chain network (MCDSCN) has been proposed under omnichannel environment. This proposed model integrates online giants with local retailer’s distribution network in an uncertain environment with sustainability. To incorporate sustainability, an objective function is added to reduce carbon content along with other objectives of minimization of SC cost. The model turns out to be mixed-integer linear programming model which is coded in GAMS and solved using CPLEX solver. Findings The proposed MCDSCN model is compared with conventional SCN. Furthermore, it was found that the proposed MCDSCN model has achieved significant saving in SC cost and is also more sustainable than conventional SCN. The proposed model also enables online giants to integrate their distribution network with local retailer’s distribution network. Practical implications Through proposed model, customers are free to access product and services as per their choice of channels which increases their convenience, reach and satisfaction. Originality/value The proposed MCDSCN model is a novel approach to design flexible distribution systems. This would significantly help organizations to design their distribution network more effectively to meet global competition.
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Sastri Pitanatri, Putu Diah, Made Deny Kharisma, and I. Dewa Putu Hendri Pramana. "Pengaruh saluran distribusi offline dan online travel agent dan implikasinya terhadap revenue per available room di the anvaya beach resort bali." Jurnal Kepariwisataan dan Hospitalitas 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkh.2020.v04.i01.p01.
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Abstrak
Ketatnya persaingan yang terjadi dan mulai terdisrupsinya pasar Offline Travel Agent oleh Online Travel Agent menuntut pihak manajemen hotel mempertimbangkan secara selektif saluran distribusi mana yang harus dimaksimalkan guna meraih kinerja pendapatan kamar yang baik melalui Revenue per Available Room. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji bagaimana pengaruh penjualan kamar melalui saluran distribsui Offline Travel Agent dan Online Travel Agent secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap Revenue per Available Room. Hasil penelitian secara parsial dan simultan menunjukan bahwa saluran distribusi Offline Travel Agent dan Online Travel Agent berpengaruh positif (searah) dan signifikan terhadap Revenue per Available Room (RevPar). Hasil analisis koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa nilai R2 para variabel saluran distribusi Offline Travel Agent sebesar 0,765 atau jika diinterpretasikan sebesar 76,5% dengan kontribusi yang kuat. Pada salurah distribusi Online Travel Agent nilai R2 sebesar 0,836 atau sebesar 83,6% dengan kontribusi yang sangat kuat. Sementara secara simultan nilai R2 sebesar 0,865 menunjukkan bahwa 86,5% variabel Revenue per Available Room dapat dijelaskan melalui kedua variabel bebas tersebut, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 13,5% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar variabel penelitian. Sebagai kesimpulannya saluran distribusi Offline Travel Agent dan Online Travel Agent memiliki pengaruh dan kontribusi terhadap Revenue per Available Room, namun pengaruh dan kontribusi lebih besar dihasilkan oleh saluran distribusi Online Travel Agent.
Kata kunci: Saluran Distribusi, Offline Travel Agent, Online Travel Agent, dan Revenue per Available Room.
Abstract
The competition that occurs and the disruption of the Offline Travel Agent market by Online Travel Agents demanding the hotel management to consider selectively which distribution channels should be maximized in order to achieve good room revenue performance through Revenue per Available Room. This study aims to find out and examine how the influence of room sales through Offline Travel Agent and Online Travel Agent distribution channels partially or simultaneously to Revenue per Available Room (RevPar). The results of the partial and simultaneous research show that the Offline Travel Agent and Online Travel Agent distribution channels have a positive (unidirectional) and significant effect on Revenue per Available Room. The results of the coefficient of determination analysis show that the R2 value of the Offline Travel Agent distribution channel variable is 0.765 or if interpreted at 76.5% with a strong contribution. On the line of Online Travel Agent distribution R2 value is 0.836 or 83.6% with a very strong contribution. While simultaneously the R2 value of 0.865 shows that 86.5% of the Revenue variable per Available Room can be explained through the two independent variables, while the remaining 13.5% is explained by other variables outside the research variable. In conclusion, Offline Travel Agent and Online Travel Agent distribution channels have influence and contribution to Revenue per Available Room, but greater influence and contribution is generated by the Online Travel Agent distribution channel.
Keywords: Distribution Channels, Offline Travel Agent, Online Travel Agent, and Revenue per Available Room.
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Kumar, Vikas, and Prasann Pradhan. "Trust Management Issues in Social-Media Marketing." International Journal of Online Marketing 5, no. 3 (July 2015): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijom.2015070104.
Full textAbstract:
Social Media provides a new channel to marketers and businesses to communicate with their customers and business partners and integrate this media in their business strategy. The large scale growth of the social media and its increasing users has opened up new marketing era for the businesses. However, with enormous growth of the social media and other online channels, the competition has increased worldwide. Correspondingly, the customer retention and satisfaction has come-up as the biggest challenge. It has become necessary to gain and retain the customer trust, so that the existing customers are retained and new customers are attracted. Trust management becomes the most important issue in the online environment to work closely with the existing and potential customers along with the business partners. Present work discusses the important aspects of entrusting, managing and maintaining user trust with the social media marketing strategies. The paper highlights the various prevailing models of the trust management and comes out with the strong arguments to facilitate the user trust for businesses using social media marketing techniques.