Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oniscidean isopods'
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Mazzei, Veronica. "Bioaccumulo di cadmio e piombo e biomarkers di esposizione e di effetto in alcune specie di isopodi oniscidei (Crustacea)." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1141.
Full textSokolowicz, Carolina Coelho. "História natural de Benthana cairensis (Isopoda: Oniscidea)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24073.
Full textTerrestrial isopods are included in the suborder Oniscidea which shows a great species richness living at different places showing diverse environmental conditions, occurring from the littoral zone through desert regions. In Brazil there is a diversity that is still poorly studied in which the family Philosciidae represents a great part of South America’s woodlice fauna. The present study aims to describe a new species of the genus Benthana to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, to describe its manca and juvenile stages as well as to characterize its population structure concerning reproductive aspects and growth. Benthana cairensis was described as a new species of Philosciidae and presents the following diagnostic characters: 17 aesthetascs on the antennula and male pleopod 1 exopod elongated with a lobe on the inner lateral margin. This species resembles other three species of the genus concerning the presence of pleopod lobe; however it is differentiated by the number of omatidia, insertion of uropod endopod and exopod and sexual dimorphism on male’s pereiopods. The immature and undifferentiated phase has three stages, called mancas. The Manca I is marked by the simplicity of its appendages and by its queek duration, of about 4 hours; it presents 6 pairs of pereiopods still glabrous and mouth parts weekly developed still without the presence of the pectinate teeth of maxillula, characteristic of Benthana. The next stage, Manca II, already shows the mouth parts a little more complete, presenting the pectinate teeth of maxillula and the pereiopods showing the setae pattern of the adult, including the hand-like seta on carpus 1, an autapomorphy of the genus. The last manca stage (Manca III) is characterized by the presence of the 7th pair of pereiopods folded ventrally on the pereion. The juvenile stages are sexually differentiated, but still immature. The first three stages were described for males, enphatizing the development of dentiform protusion of pleopod exopod 1, another autapomorphy of the genus which begins to be evident only at the second stage (JUII) and it is completely formed when the animal reaches 1.0 mm of cephalothorax width (CW). Sexual dimorphism at the first four male pereiopods beggins to develop after the three juvenile stages and it is completely formed on males of approximatly 1.2 mm of CW. The population of Benthana cairensis at Sítio Cairé is characterized by showing a continnuous reproduction during the year. Females invest less in a single brood, but are able to reproduce more than once in its lifetime. The operational sex ratio of population is 1:1, which shows that there is an equillibrium concerning the number of males and females that are able to reproduce. Males live less than females and are smaller. Females have a bigger body which increases the surface where the brood develops; this was demonstrated by the positive correlation of female body size with the offspring number. The developmental characteristics of B. cairensis are similar to those of the other species of Philosciidae presenting three manca stages. Its population features concerning reproductive season and reproductive effort resembles those of other subtropical species and as expected, is different from species that occur at temperate regions.
Appel, Carina de Souza. "Análise e descrição de estruturas temporárias presentes no período ovígero de isópodos terrestres (Crustacea, Oniscidea)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142948.
Full textThe presence of the closed brood pouch made it possible for terrestrial isopods to have full independence of the aquatic environment for reproduction, allowing them to colonize varied terrestrial habitats. Inside, the offspring is nourished and oxygenated by temporary structures, called cotyledons, which emerge during the ovigerous period of females and are unique to the group Crinocheta. This study aims to describe patterns of cotyledons, analyzed in 37 species of terrestrial isopods distributed among the families: Agnaridae, Armadillidae, Armadillidiidae, Balloniscidae, Bathytropidae, Detonidae, Dubioniscidae, "Philoscidae" Platyarthridae, Porcellionidae, Pudeoniscidae, Scleropactidae and Trachelipodidae , checking if there is variation in length along the stages of embryonic development, and for this, six species were selected as models: Armadillidium nasatum, A. vulgare, Atlantoscia floridana Balloniscus sellowii, Porcellio scaber and Benthana cairensis. Armadillidium vulgare and B. sellowii were also estimated concerning the proportion of cotyledon length / female size. Among the 13 studied families six formats (types) of cotyledons were identified as well as seven different arrangements of numbers and distribution. The length was established as: short, medium and long. Armadillidium vulgare, A. floridana and B. cairensis showed no difference in the length of the cotyledons during the embryonic stages while this was evidenced for the other species, since B. sellowii and P. scaber showed increased egg stage to the embryo, decreasing during the manca. Nevertheless in A. nasatum a gradual increase until the phase of manca occurs, which then regresses dramatically. The length of the cotyledons of A. vulgare and B. sellowii is proportional to female size. XIII During the carried out studies another new feature was recorded: the presence of an " marsupial extension." For obtaining further information about this structure it was necessary to identify the species that presented it, the number of individuals housed within, and differences in structure between species that harbored such extension and the others which had the closed pouch restricted to five pairs of oostegits. Six species showed marsupial extension, which provides shelter for approximately a quarter of the total offspring. This brood pouch does not have a distended format as the one found in other species, which directly influences the feeding of the female, because due to the fact that the offspring development occurs towards its organs as the stages advance, internal pressure increases, compressing its interior. The morphological differences reported here represent reproductive strategies adopted by the species, through evolution and could be related (or not) to the phylogeny of the groups.
Messina, Giuseppina. "Gli Isopodi terrestri utilizzati per la valutazione dello stato di naturalita' delle terre relitte delle "Saline di Trapani e Paceco" (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/104.
Full textEcosystems constituted by coastal lakes and ponds are very important areas to preserve biodiversity. The "Riserva Naturale Orientata Saline di Trapani e Paceco" is a very interesting naturalistic area in Sicily; it is formed by the remaining stripes of land among salt pans, near the coastline. In that area the research relative to this doctoral thesis was conducted, with the purpose to study the relations among terrestrial Isopods and the vegetation of the sampling sites. Environmental parameters and habitat preferences were also evaluated. In the period from January 2008 to May 2010, pitfall trapping were conducted in five sampling sites inside the study area. Twenty-four species were collected, none of which was endemic to this area, excepted of Porcellio siculoccidentalis that is distributed in western Sicily, showing a wide ecological range. The results of the relations with the plants showed habitat preferences for the species, since 7 species resulted strictly associated to one or more plants. The relationship with environmental parameters (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) showed that mainly temperature and relative humidity influence the activity of most species. Data analysis showed that the study area is in an acceptable conservation status, also confirmed by the high number of species and by their good natural equilibrium.
Pezzino, Elisa. "Gli Isopodi Oniscidei di Sicilia e delle isole circumsiciliane: studio faunistico, sistematico e biogeografico (Crustacea, Isopoda)." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4001.
Full textJudd, Simon L. "Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Oniscidea) and biogeographical patterns from South-Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1613.
Full textBugs, Priscila da Silva. "Ocorrência e distribuição de isópodos terrestres (Crustacea: Oniscidea) em três ambientes florestais na Serra Geral, Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24096.
Full textThe suborder Oniscidea Latreille, 1829 is the only Isopoda order that has truly terrestrial species. This group is an important and dominant portion of the soil meso and macro faunal community. Their activity causes considerable impact in decomposition through the increase on microbial respiration and detritus chemical alteration. The present study investigated the abundance, diversity, and species composition of terrestrial isopods in three vegetal formations in the Serra Geral of Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil. The area comprises two spontaneous formations (primary and secondary forests) and an abandoned Pinus plantation in succession stage. For each area, two sub-areas were taken into account; constituting two transects containing 10 pitfall traps each, that where kept during 2001 and 2002. The obtained data permitted inferences regarding the population characteristics of two species: Atlantoscia floridana and Balloniscus glaber. Atlantoscia floridana was the most frequent species in the three areas: 145 individuals in primary forest, 194 in secondary forest and 105 in Pinus plantation. Balloniscus glaber presented an abundance of 80 individuals in primary forest, 82 in secondary forest and one individual in Pinus plantation. The similarity analysis revealed quantitative but not qualitative difference between the areas. Doubletons were identified in primary forest (Alboscia silveirensis) and Pinus plantation (Benthana araucariana) and Singletons were identified for secondary forest (A. silveirensis, B. araucariana and Styloniscus otakensis) and Pinus plantation (B. glaber). One Duplicata (A. silveirensis) was also registered for primary and secondary forest. The operational sexual proportion (OSR) of A. floridana followed by G Test was not different between observed and expected 1:1 sexual proportion in the areas. Atlantoscia floridana presented significant correlation between female size and offspring number in the three areas. The smallest ovigerous female was found in the area with Pinus (0.968mm). There was no difference in the abundance of ovigerous and post ovigerous females. Both females were present in the samples from summer, fall and spring (primary forest and Pinus plantation) or in the four seasons (secondary forest). Regarding the abundance of Atlantoscia floridana, there was no significant difference between the different areas. Individuals of all classes were present in all areas. The OSR of B. glaber had no significant difference between the sampled number of females and males. Through G Test it was verified difference from the expected 1:1 proportion, but no difference between the areas. There was no significant correlation between female size and offspring number for primary and secondary forest. There was no significant difference regarding the abundance of ovigerous and post ovigerous females. Both females were present in the samples from summer and fall (primary and secondary forest). There was no significant difference in abundance of B. glaber between the areas. Individuals of all classes were present in primary and secondary forest. In Pinus plantation, there was only one female in the summer of 2001. The smallest ovigerous female was found in primary forest.
Doublet, V. "Structure et Evolution du Génome Mitochondrial des Oniscidea (Crustacea, Isopoda)." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586370.
Full textDoublet, Vincent. "Structure et évolution du génome mitochondrial des Oniscidea (Crustacea, Isopoda)." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers/theses/2010/Doublet-Vincent/2010-Doublet-Vincent-These.pdf.
Full textIn animals, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally composed of ~16 kb circular monomer molecules. However, two species of terrestrial Crustaceans Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellionides pruinosus (Isopoda: Oniscidea) are exceptions. Their mtDNA is composed of ~14 kb linear monomers associated to ~28 kb circular head-to-head dimers. In order to describe its structure, the complete mtDNA sequence of A. Vulgare has been obtained. It does contain the 13 protein coding genes and the 2 ribosomal sub-units generally found in metazoan mtDNA, but not all of the 22 expected transfer RNA (tRNAs). Besides, a surprising heteroplasmy that generates a dual tRNA alloacceptor for both amino acids Alanine and Valine (tRNAAla/Val) has been discovered. This heteroplasmy by the presence of two different genes on a single mitochondrial locus is an unique example in eukaryotes. Interestingly, this heteroplasmy has been observed in a wide range of Oniscidea species carrying an atypical mtDNA. The appearance of the atypical mitochondrial genome in isopods may have permit the appearance of the tRNAAla/Val, and evolutionary forces that allow the maintenance of these two genes essential for mitochondrial translation might conserve the atypical structure of mtDNA
Mladen, Horvatović. "Filetički odnosi unutar sekcije SynochetaLegrand, 1946 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)Balkanskog poluostrva." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=87803&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textCurrent systematic Synocheta section at almost all levels fails to reflect the real phyletic relations. Unusual distribution and vague differential characters of Styloniscidae family and its relationships with the Trichoniscidae family are problematic. The division criteria for forming Trichoniscidae subfamilies are unclear, inconsistent and often unenforceable. Hence, the extremely simplified division that does not reflect the real phyletic relations within the group, which are much more complex, is not surprising.Of 593 Synocheta species, one third (mostly endemic) inhabit the Balkans, which imposes this area as one of the centers of diversification and diversity of the group, and makes it ideal for the analysis of real phyletic relations. This defined the main goals of our study: as complete assessment of the fauna of the Balkan Synocheta as achievable through taxonomic treatment; determining phyletic relations through comparative analyses based on the complex of relevant characters, with the emphasis on the more conservative ones, which has not been accomplished thus far.In the Balkan fauna of the Styloniscidae family, 4 genera with 15 species were identified, of which 3 genera and 4 species are new to science; similarly, the 33 genera with 176 species from the family Trichoniscidae found in Balkan fauna included one new genus and 18 new species. Of that number, 27 genera and 161 Synocheta species are endemic to the Balkans.In Styloniscidae, we found much greater diversity and heterogeneity than was previously established, which indicates that these groups possibly originate from the northern Gondwana (partly incorporated into the Balkans area), in common with Trichoniscidae family.We reconstructed the most important moments in the Trichoniscidae philogeny: early development of conglobation, with massive integument and developed rnamentation as adaptations; transition into protection via stereotaxation; evolution toward more active protection and loss of "armor", which leads to extensive adaptive radiation. In addition, we have shown that the characters that were previously considered derived properties are actually plesiomorphic.We have presented the basic evolutionary trends in Trichoniscidae family, as well as phyletic relations arising from this study: Haplophthalminae are the ancient group ossessing a wide range of plesiomorphic characters; Buddelndiellinae are the ancient group with a much VI closer phyletic relations to Haplophthalminae; Thaumatoniscellinae share a common, and very distant, origin with Haplophthalminae; Trichoniscinae are a younger paraphyletic group and many lines have evolved independently of the Haplophthalminae subfamily.In this study, in some segments, we have demonstrated substantially more complex phyletic relations within Synocheta, diametrically opposed to the previously presented findings.
George, David R. "Population and production studies of two species of woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea)." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34354.
Full textCardoso, Giovanna Monticelli. "Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética em Bathytropidae Vandel, 1952 (CRUSTACEA: ISOPODA: ONISCIDEA)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163675.
Full textThe order Isopoda is one of the most diverse groups among crustaceans. Species from the suborder Oniscidea, commonly known as woodlice, were very successful in conquering the terrestrial environment. For that, many morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations were necessary, such as, closed marsupium for reproduction, presence of pleopodal lungs, and gregarious behavior to diminish water losses. Although the group has large geographical distribution, species have limited dispersion capacity. This low dispersion results in population isolation and high genetic diversity. Therefore, the number of species of terrestrial isopods is greatly underestimated and more taxonomical studies are necessary in order to broaden the knowledge on the group. Taxonomical revisions on terrestrial isopods frequently result in higher number of species reinforcing the importance of these studies for the fore the mentioned group. Identification is usually based on subtle morphological differences, so molecular data is an important tool to elucidate the relationship within the group. The genus Neotroponiscus occurs in South America and has high species diversity throughout the Atlantic Forest. A total of eight species are known from the literature and were reviewed to identify characters that are necessary for phylogenetic studies. In this study, five new species were identified and described. Based on morphological and molecular data, the monophyly of the group was tested and the group was confirmed as monophyletic. The relationship between Neotroponiscus and the other species from the family Bathytropidae were also tested, showing that the family represents a paraphyletic group, which corroborates previous suggestions. Future studies with biogeographic approuch will be important to elucidate the distribution pattern of the genus Neotroponiscus.
Michel, Alice. "Evolution des oniscidea (crustacea, isopoda) : analyse de genes mitochondriaux et implications phylogenetiques." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066533.
Full textSilva, Diego Costa Kenne da. "Ecologia populacional de Balloniscus glaber Araujo & Zardo, 1995 (CRUSTACEA: ISOPODA: ONISCIDEA) em fragmento de mata secundária no sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/117898.
Full textCampos, Filho Ivanklin Soares. "Isópodos terrestres (CRUSTACEA, ONISCIDEA) do Brasil e análise filogenética de BENTHANA BUDDE-LUND, 1908 (PHILOSCIIDAE)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129492.
Full textWood, Camila Timm. "Cutícula e ciclo de muda de duas espécies de isópodos terrestres (Crustacea : Isopoda: Oniscidea)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163656.
Full textTerrestrial isopods have a protective cuticle that maintains body shape, allows locomotion, enables communication with the environment and protects them against desiccation, infection and predation. As in all crustaceans, their cuticle is composed of an organic matrix that is mineralized with calcium. The cuticle is highly versatile reflecting adaptations to environmental conditions and large geographical distribution of this group. Therefore, cuticle ultrastructure and composition vary among species. Terrestrial isopods molt frequently throughout their lives in order to grow and/or renew surface receptors, resulting in constant cuticular resorption and deposition. In this group, this dynamics of cuticle formation is affected by the biphasic molt and by the calcium deposition on sternal deposits prior ecdysis, strategies to recycle body calcium. Studies related to cuticle on this group include ultrastructure, composition and deposition as well as effect of some environmental factors on molting. However, few studies explore connections of ecomorphology and life history of animals. This thesis aimed to explore various aspects of cuticle structure and molting using two Neotropical species of terrestrial isopods. Atlantoscia floridana and Balloniscus glaber were used as models since they are found in the same locations while differing in ecomorphology and behavioral strategies. In Chapter I, I explored the cuticle surface structures and ultrastructure of both species to see how their differences can be related to each species life history traits, using microscopy techniques. Species differed in surface structures type and disposition, as well as cuticle thickness and layer proportion. Overall, differences in surface structure are related to microhabitat selection and ecological niche. Cuticular features further explain the endogeic habit of B. glaber and epigeic habit of A. floridana, while differences in cuticle ultrastructure relate to behavioral strategies and environmental tolerance. Next, differences on molting cycle and environmental requirements were analyzed. In Chapter II, I tested the effects of dietary calcium on the molting cycle of both species. For that, artificial diet and structural analysis of the cuticle were used to understand how different concentrations of dietary calcium interfere with molt cycle duration. Peculiarities were observed during ecdysis in A. floridana and reflect to specific morphology of the species. Intramolt duration was longer for B. glaber as well as overall survivorship in treatments. Cycle duration was influenced by calcium concentration; a trend of shorter molt cycle length with increasing calcium concentration was observed for B. glaber, while in A. floridana, only difference between control without calcium and other treatments was observed. Degree of mineralization and cuticle ultrastructure of B. glaber showed no difference between treatments. Regardless of treatment or species, higher mortality rate under lab conditions seems to be related to the process of ecdysis itself, with cumulative mortality of 20% from the beginning of ecdysis until the beginning of postmolt. In Chapter III, I used transmission electron microscopy to analyze cuticle secretion in both species during pre- and postmolt stages. Cuticle deposition during premolt followed the same pattern as other terrestrial isopods. Nonetheless, electron dense granules present on the ecdysial space during premolt are likely calcium granules, suggesting the recycling of calcium within the same segment. These granules are deposited on the scales of the new epicuticle prior ecdysis, suggesting the presence of calcium on the cuticular surface of both species. Moreover, regions without typical lamellate ultrastructure during postmolt indicate modification of the exocuticle after ecdysis since expansion and hardening must occur after ecdysis. Overall, this work not only added information on cuticular structure of two Neotropical species but also clarified connections between ecomorphology and biological requirements of terrestrial isopods.
Zimmermann, Bianca Laís. "Aspectos da relação simbiótica entre as bactérias Wolbachia (Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales) e os isópodos terrestres (Crustacea, Oniscidea)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28424.
Full textWolbachia is a genus of alfaproteobacteria whose members live in symbiosis with a variety of arthropods and nematodes. It is among the richest genera of intracellular bacteria discovered to date. In the Neotropical region, studies on these bacteria and their hosts, especially terrestrial isopods, are still in the initial stages. The objectives of the present study were: to investigate the species of Neotropical terrestrial isopods infected by Wolbachia; to analyze the prevalence of infection, genetic variation, and phylogenetic relationships of the lineages present in these isopod species; to investigate the symbiosis of Wolbachia in parasitic nematodes of pillbugs; and to provide information to support inferences about the possible routes of horizontal transmission of the bacteria between the terrestrial isopods and the invertebrates that are ecologically associated with them. The bacteria were detected by means of diagnostic PCR’s, using the 16S rDNA gene. Infection by this symbiont was recorded for the first time in Atlantoscia floridana and Burmoniscus meeusei. The lineages of Wolbachia that infect the native species of terrestrial isopods, in contrast to the introduced species, are very diverse and do not group within the Oniclade. The sequences present in B. meeusei are not related to any other lineage present in crustaceans, nor to any other known supergroup of Wolbachia. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of these bacteria in a nematode of the family Mermithidae, Agamermis sp., an endoparasite of Armadillidium vulgare. Since the sequences from the parasite and the host are identical, it is possible that a horizontal transmission event occurred between the two. Finally, the presence of Wolbachia was examined in species that are ecologically associated with terrestrial isopods (predators, parasites, phoretic species, and animals that live under the same ecological conditions). Among the associated species, the infection was recorded only in the parasitic nematode and in the phoretic mites. Whereas the lineages of the isopod host and of the nematode proved to be very similar, those of the phoretic mites showed no phylogenetic relationship with those of their phoront Balloniscus glaber. Interestingly, the sequences present in the mites are closely related to those of B. meeusei, although further studies are necessary to clarify this finding.
Lefebvre, Francois. "Stratégies de reproduction chez les crustacés isopodes terrestres." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340823.
Full textNous avons mis en évidence des facultés de discrimination des statuts spécifiques, sexuels et physiologiques des individus. La reconnaissance s'opère au contact via des composés cuticulaires dont nous avons cherché à caractériser la nature chimique. La rencontre des partenaires sexuels semble avant tout s'opérer par une recherche active de la part des mâles. Chez certaines espèces, les interactions mâle-mâle sont agressives et aboutissent à des relations de dominance temporaire. Les femelles résistent systématiquement aux tentatives de monte des mâles, ce qui peut être vu comme un possible mécanisme de choix. La taille des individus apparaît comme un paramètre clé dans la résolution des conflits intra-sexe et inter-sexe.
Nous insistons sur certaines particularités phénotypiques des femelles (existence d'une spermathèque, plasticité de l'entrée en reproduction) qui leur permettent d'ajuster leur investissement reproductif en fonction de la disponibilité en mâles. Les populations naturelles d'Oniscidea peuvent en effet présenter de fort déficit en mâles, en relation avec la présence de bactéries féminisantes Wolbachia. L'ensemble de ces résultats apporte des éléments de compréhension à l'évolution de l'association Wolbachia/Oniscidea.
GENTILE, GABRIELE. "Struttura genetica di popolazioni e variazione geografica nell'isopode terrestre Androniscus dentiger dell'Italia Centrale (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Trichoniscidae)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/49326.
Full textBuzzelli, Christopher. "Cue processing and spatial navigation in the terrestrial isopod." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1492166083535544.
Full textAraujo, Paula Beatriz de. "Desenvolvimento pós-marsupial e ecologia populacional de Atlantoscia Floridana (van Name, 1940) (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) na Reserva Biológia do Lami, Porto Alegre, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/84907.
Full textThe terrestrial isopod Atlantoscia floridana (van Name, 1940) is known to occur from U.S.A. (Florida) to Argentina. In the southernmost Brazilian State, Rio Grande do Sul, the species is recorded in many localities, urban and non-urban areas. This work provides data on postmarsupial development and ecology of A. floridana. Samplings were taken from APR/00 to OCT/01 at the Reserva Biológica do Lami, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Regarding the study of postmarsupial development, ovigerous females were reared separately in small containers at 20˚ C (±1˚ C). After hatching, the first stages, manca I, was reared separately in order to observe the subsequent moults. After about 12 hours the animals underwent the first moult. Manca II stage lasts 9.16 ± 1.57 days while manca III 9.96 ± 1.05 days. Growth was observed through measurements of cephalothorax width. The three manca stages were described, illustrated, and compared with the adults. The main distinguishing characteristics among mancas I, II and III were presented as well as the b/c and d/c coordinates of the noduli laterales. In order to study the sexual differentiation and size at onset of sexual maturity, juveniles were reared and measured as explained above. The juvenile stages were observed and the development of female genital pores and male genitalia of different juvenile stages described. On the basis of the smallest ovigerous female, sexual maturity was estimated in 1.04mm of cephalothorax width. For males, a morphometric relationship between cephalothorax width and genital papilla length allowed to estimate sexual maturity in 0.7mm of cephalothorax width. Six and three juvenil stages was recognized for females and males, respectively. Males attain maturity with the age of one month and a half and females around three months. The growth curve for A. floridana was presented based on field data. Captured individuals were sexed and had their cephalothorax width measured, with the data analyzed with von Bertalanffy´s model. The growth curves for males and females are described, respectively, by the equations: Wt = 1.303 [1 - e -0.00941 (t + 50.37)] and Wt = 1.682 [1 - e -0.00575 (t + 59.13)]. The curves showed differential growth between the sexes, where females reach a higher W∝ with a slower growth rate. Based on growth curve it was also possible to estimate life expectancy for males and females. A total of 7,833 individuals were sampled along a period of 19 months. Of these, 2,792 were males, 3,400 females and 1,691 were mancas. There was a significant difference between the size of both, males and females collected in 2000 and 2001, which had a smaller average size on the second year because of an absence of individuals on the larger size classes. Population density varied along the seasons; the minimum population was 131 individuals, the maximum 1,040 and the average 450 m-2. The operational sex ratio favoured males and showed no changes with season. Based on the presence of ovigerous and post-ovigerous females throughout the year, reproduction is considered continuous. However, the reproduction peak occurs during autumn and spring. Ovigerous females were measured (CW=cephalothorax width) and the number of eggs was counted. Fecundity (F) varied from 5 to 23 eggs (x=11.18±3.64) per female, and was expressed by the regression F=-18.48+22.59 CW, with the female cephalothorax width varying from 1.04 to 1.68 mm. Marsupial mortality was only 0.91% and egg production in spring was 588 m–2 and during autumn, 660 m–2. Recruitment occurs in all months and eggs, embryos and marsupial mancas are also present all year round. Atlantoscia floridana is the dominant species among terrestrial isopods in the study area, the most remarkable characteristic being its reproductive investment.
Javidkar, Seyedmohammad. "Molecular systematics and biogeographic history of oniscidean isopod troglofauna in groundwater calcretes of Central Western Australia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93518.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2014
Liu, Shuang. "Phylogeographic Patterns of the Intertidal Isopods Excirolana braziliensis and Excirolana mayana (Isopoda: Cirolanidae)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149336.
Full textHsu, Szu-Ting, and 許絲婷. "Relationship Between Soil Salinity and the Distribution of Three Costal Terrestrial Isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea) in Taiwan." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36205325932961004798.
Full text國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
101
The soil abiotic factors such as soil organic matter, water content, and salinity are the important as to affect the habitat selection and distribution of soil invertebrates. The soil organisms inhabiting in coastal zone are affected mostly salinity. In the past, studies on the distribution of organisms were mostly on plants, with few on soil invertebrate. This study aims to investigative three terrestrial isopods in coastal areas in Taiwan, and explore of the relationship between soil salinity and distribution. Alloniscis sp. lives above the high tide line to the coastal wetlands, supposed to have higher salt tolerance compared with other two; Venezillo parvus is widely distributed from coast forest to inland; and Burmoniscus meeusei is common in wet soil inland. The species abundance, soil salinity, water content, and organic matters were recorded in Aogu wetland and Yiwu farm, southern Taiwan. Preference and survival rates of these species under different soil salinity levels were investigated. The results showed that soil salinity and soil water content are important factors affecting the species distribution. Alloniscus sp. prefers the salt marsh and swamp with high soil salinity. The result of survival of the three species under different salinity condition showed that, V. parvus is the most salt tolerant, followed by Alloniscus sp.; with B. meeusei as the last. The soil salinity preference experiment showed that Alloniscus sp. has no special salinity preference; V. parvus is found mostly in salinity of EC = 4-8 mS/cm; and B. meeusei EC = 0-2 mS/cm. Alloniscus sp., the species most close to coastline did not show the highest salt tolerance ability among the three species. The distribution of Alloniscus sp. Might be affected not only by soil salinity, but also by species competition. The high salinity tolerance in V. parvus may be due to its ability to roll its body. B. meeusei has least salinity tolerance and is species which unsuitable living in coastal zone.
Καμηλάρη, Μαρία. "Φυλογεωγραφία των ενδημικών ειδών του γένους Trachelipus (Isopoda, Oniscidea) στην Ελλάδα." Thesis, 2010. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/4484.
Full textThe phylogenetic relationships among terrestrial isopod species are still largely unknown because robust analyses have started to appear only relatively recently. Species-level taxonomy has been based mainly on a few secondary sexual characters of males, although recent analyses based on molecular markers have indicated that species definitions based on morphology may underestimate the true levels of divergence among populations. Furthermore, within several genera or species groups, morphological characters do not provide clear-cut taxonomic resolution, so that many changes in the interpretation of nominal species have appeared in the literature. The genus Trachelipus comprises of relatively stenoecious animals living in habitats generally threatened by human activities, such as humid forest sites and riparian habitats. It includes some 50 species distributed around the Palaearctic, with 8 species recorded from Greece, 4 endemic to the country. The distribution of species is discontinuous due to the increasing fragmentation of its habitats and the expansion of agricultural land and dry woodland. Projected climatic change will restrict further gene flow between Trachelipus populations, as dry habitats are expected to expand in Greece. Species–level taxonomy has been based on a few morphological characters, mainly the secondary sexual characters of males, exhibiting significant variation, and is controversial. Very high intraspecific genetic divergence among several populations has been documented. In this study we attempt a phylogeographic analysis among the Greek endemic species of the genus. We sampled 47 populations from several sites in mainland Greece. In our analyses we incorporated data from previous work (16 populations) in order to better estimate possible geographic structure in the patterns of divergence among populations, and to throw new light in the systematics of the species. Overall, 63 populations were considered. After total DNA extraction, we sequenced the two PCR amplified mtDNA gene fragments, namely 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), and calculated the genetic divergence within and among the populations studied, as well as their phylogenetic relationships. The methods for phylogenetic reconstruction used were Neighbor Joining (NJ), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Bayesian Inference (BI) for each mtDNA sequence data and the concatenated dataset. The phylogenetic trees obtained from the molecular data – from all three phylogenetic methods (NJ, MP, BI) - produced trees with quite congruent topologies. Some populations that are considered conspecific exhibit large genetic distances and cluster in different clades. The highly-structured phylogenetic tree and the lack of an overall geographic pattern in the clustering of Trachelipus populations indicates that very probably we are not dealing with a single species, but rather with a number of cryptic species, hardly distinguished by means of currently used morphological characters. This is further corroborated by the genetic distances separating the clades hosting nominal T. kytherensis populations (max_dCOI=27.3% and max_d16S rRNA=17.6%). In general, it can be argued that the genetic distances recorded in the present study are quite large compared with those reported for different species and even genera in other studies of terrestrial isopods. Furthermore, it is evident than there are two species present in the Peloponnese, i.e. Trachelipus ‘kytherensis’ and T. aegaeus (in Argolis peninsula). In northern Peloponnese, a third form is also present (new species?) that occurs throughout the central and northern part of mainland Greece. These ‘contact zones’ should be further investigated in terms of genetic flow and isolation of the populations and/or species. Both the phylogeny presented here and the genetic distances separating populations appear to justify the necessity of further investigation into the phylogeny of the Greek Trachelipus species using a population by population approach. It is likely that morphology inadequately describes real variation inside and among species; hence, diagnoses based on the morphological characters used so far for the delineation of Trachelipus species should be reconsidered under the light of more extensive molecular phylogenetic analyses.
Lazorík, Martin. "Možnosti užití Chilopoda, Diplopoda a Isopoda: Oniscidea k bioindikaci relativně trvalých ekologických podmínek smrkových a bukových ekosystémů Moravskoslezských Beskyd." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-425345.
Full textLee, Eun Jung 1974. "Phylogeographic Patterns of Tylos (Isopoda: Oniscidea) in the Pacific Region Between Southern California and Central Mexico, and Mitochondrial Phylogeny of the Genus." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148085.
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