Academic literature on the topic 'Oniscidean isopods'
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Journal articles on the topic "Oniscidean isopods"
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Harris, Zechariah C., and Jonathan C. Wright. "The physiology of Venezillo arizonicus (Isopoda, Armadillidae): metabolism and thermal tolerance." Crustaceana 94, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10026.
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Abstract Venezillo arizonicus (Mulaik & Mulaik, 1942) is the only oniscidean isopod native to the Southwest Desert Province of North America. In accordance with its desert habitat, we hypothesized that V. arizonicus would have a higher upper lethal temperature than mesic oniscideans. If oniscidean thermal tolerance is limited by an oxygen consumption-uptake mismatch (physiological hypoxia), as indicated by recent work with other land isopods, we further hypothesized that V. arizonicus would possess highly efficient pleopodal lungs, as defined by its capacity for metabolic regulation in reduced . Other adaptations to counter oxygen limitation at high temperatures could include reduced temperature sensitivity of metabolism (low ) and an overall reduction in metabolic rate. Thermal tolerance was measured using the progressive method of Cowles & Bogert and the catabolic rate of animals () was measured as a function of temperature and . The critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of winter-acclimatized animals was 43.0 ± 0.85°C, 1.6-2.6°C higher than published values for summer-acclimatized mesic oniscideans. The catabolic rate at 25°C was 1.50 ± 0.203 μl min−1 g−1, markedly lower than values determined for mesic Oniscidea (4-6 μl min−1 g−1) and was unaffected by hypoxia as low as 2% O2 (ca. 2 kPa). Catabolism was, however, quite sensitive to temperature, showing a mean of 2.58 over 25-42°C. The efficient pleopodal lungs and low metabolic rate of V. arizonicus will both tend to mitigate physiological hypoxia, consistent with the species’ high CTmax. A low catabolic rate may also be an adaptation to low habitat productivity and seasonally constrained activity patterns.
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Javidkar, Mohammad, Steven J. B. Cooper, Rachael A. King, William F. Humphreys, and Andrew D. Austin. "Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal a new southern hemisphere oniscidean family (Crustacea : Isopoda) with a unique water transport system." Invertebrate Systematics 29, no. 6 (2015): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is15010.
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A significant diversity of terrestrial oniscidean isopods was recently discovered in the subterranean ‘calcrete islands’ of Western Australia, but the species and higher-level systematic status of much of the fauna are currently uncertain. Here we focus on one group of species that was initially assigned to the genus Trichorhina (Platyarthridae), based on several shared characters, and investigate the phylogenetic relationships of these species to 21 oniscidean genera, including 13 known families, using 18S rDNA sequence data. We then present phylogenetic analyses using 28S-only and combined 18S, 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) data for a more restricted sampling of taxa, and present results for a detailed morphological study of the antennae and other cephalic structures of exemplar taxa. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of the extended 18S-only, the 28S-only and multi-gene datasets provide strong evidence for a distinct well-supported monophyletic group comprising the new Western Australian and one South American taxon. This clade is unrelated to all included members of Platyarthridae, which appears to be polyphyletic, and it forms a distinct group relative to other oniscidean families. Given these findings and the results of the morphological study, a new southern hemisphere oniscidean family, Paraplatyarthridae Javidkar & King, fam. nov. is erected based on Paraplatyarthrus subterraneus Javidkar & King, gen. & sp. nov. (type genus and species), and several undescribed taxa which occur in the arid (terrestrial and subterranean) regions of Western Australia and subtropical South America. Paraplatyarthridae is distinguishable from all other oniscidian families on a combination of character states including, among others, the presence of fan-like scale setae on the dorsal body, and the ventral second antenna with leaf-like scale setae and a furrow containing elongated hair-like capillary setae that form part of a water conducting system unique within Oniscidea. This study has important implications for the higher-level classification of oniscidean crustaceans and points to the need for a more detailed molecular phylogeny that includes a comprehensive sampling of southern hemisphere taxa.
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Wright, Jonathan C., and Anne Yoshizawa. "Ionic Composition and Ion Provisioning in Marsupial Fluid of Terrestrial Isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea)." Crustaceana 84, no. 11 (2011): 1307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854011x594803.
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AbstractThe marsupium of the primarily terrestrial isopod sub-order Oniscidea is modified from the basal marine design and represents one of the key evolutionary innovations enabling the invasion of land habitats. In the Ligiidae, the marsupial chamber is provisioned with water from the external environment via a capillary channel formed from the apposed 6th and 7th pereiopods. The other oniscidean families possess a 'closed' marsupium, isolated from the pleural water-conducting system and provisioned with water and ions by sternal cotyledons. How these different modes of fluid provisioning influence the ionic composition of marsupial fluid and its osmotic and ionic relationship to the haemolymph remains essentially unstudied. We analysed the ionic composition (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl–, pH) of marsupial fluid and haemolymph in 4 species of Oniscidea: Ligia occidentalis (Ligiidae), Ligidium lapetum (Ligiidae), Alloniscus perconvexus (Alloniscidae), and Armadillidium vulgare (Armadillidiidae). In all four species, ion concentrations show a broad similarity between marsupial fluid and haemolymph, but with elevated potassium concentrations in the 'closed'-marsupium species. The sternal integument of Armadillidium vulgare is permeable to inulin and the volume of the combined marsupial fluid and haemolymph is not significantly enlarged compared to the haemolymph of non-gravid females. Accordingly, the 'closed' marsupium of A. vulgare can be viewed as a functional subdivision of the haemolymph space. In Ligidium lapetum, marsupial water is derived from external freshwater sources, but marsupial fluid [Na+] and [Cl–]are actually significantly higher than haemolymph values. This species thus possesses an effective means of ion provisioning, paralleling that seen in the 'closed' marsupial species.
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Hornung, Elisabeth. "Evolutionary adaptation of oniscidean isopods to terrestrial life: Structure, physiology and behavior." Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 95–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187498311x576262.
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Cooper, Steven J. B., Kathleen M. Saint, Stefano Taiti, Andrew D. Austin, and William F. Humphreys. "Subterranean archipelago: mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of stygobitic isopods (Oniscidea:Haloniscus) from the Yilgarn region of Western Australia." Invertebrate Systematics 22, no. 2 (2008): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is07039.
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The arid Yilgarn region of Western Australia contains numerous isolated calcrete aquifers, within which a diverse subterranean fauna has been discovered. Genetic and morphological studies of subterranean dytiscid beetles and amphipods have suggested that individual calcretes are equivalent to closed island habitats, which have been isolated for millions of years. Here we test this ‘subterranean island’ hypothesis further by phylogeographic analyses of subterranean oniscidean isopods (Haloniscus), using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data derived from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses provided evidence for significant phylogeographic structuring of isopod populations, with evidence for at least 24 divergent mtDNA lineages, each restricted in their distribution to a single calcrete aquifer. The high level of divergence among calcrete populations (generally >25%) and several mtDNA lineages within calcretes (>16%) suggests that each lineage is likely to represent a distinct species. These analyses, together with comparative phylogeographic data from dytiscid beetles and amphipods, provide strong support for the ‘subterranean island’ hypothesis, applying to both air-breathing and fully aquatic arthropod groups. The finding of several epigean lineages that grouped with stygobitic Haloniscus populations, and the overall phylogeographic structure of populations, suggests that the majority of stygobitic species evolved within individual calcretes following independent colonisation by epigean ancestors.
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Broly, Pierre, María De Lourdes Serrano-Sánchez, and Francisco J. Vega. "Diversity of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Early Miocene Chiapas amber, Mexico." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 35, no. 3 (November 20, 2018): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2018.3.639.
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Currently, the Onisicdea (terrestrial isopods) is a massive Crustacea suborder of more than 3 700 species, but our knowledge of their paleodiversity is poor. In this paper, we present ten fossils of Crinocheta, the largest clade within the Onisicdea, discovered in Early Miocene (23 Ma) amber of Chiapas. We described three new genera and six new species including Palaeolibrinus spinicornis gen. nov. sp. nov., Armadilloniscus miocaenicus sp. nov., Archeostenoniscus robustus gen. nov. sp. nov., Archeostenoniscus mexicanus sp. nov., Palaeospherarmadillo mazanticus gen. nov. sp. nov., and Palaeospherarmadillo rotundus sp. nov. This study represents the first fossil record of the family Detonidae, Olibrinidae, and “Stenoniscidae”. From a paleoenvironmental reconstruction perspective, the oniscidean fauna presented here supports a particularly wet paleoenvironment, under brackish water influence, similar to an estuary.
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Javidkar, Mohammad, Steven J. B. Cooper, Rachael A. King, William F. Humphreys, Terry Bertozzi, Mark I. Stevens, and Andrew D. Austin. "Molecular systematics and biodiversity of oniscidean isopods in the groundwater calcretes of central Western Australia." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 104 (November 2016): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.026.
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Doublet, Vincent, Roland Raimond, Frédéric Grandjean, Alexandra Lafitte, Catherine Souty-Grosset, and Isabelle Marcadé. "Widespread atypical mitochondrial DNA structure in isopods (Crustacea, Peracarida) related to a constitutive heteroplasmy in terrestrial species." Genome 55, no. 3 (March 2012): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-008.
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Metazoan mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally composed of circular monomeric molecules. However, a few exceptions do exist and among them two terrestrial isopods Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellionides pruinosus have an atypical mtDNA composed of linear monomers associated with circular “head-to-head” dimers: a very unusual structure for animal mtDNA genome. To assess the distribution of this atypical mtDNA among isopods, we performed RFLP and Southern blot analyses on mtDNA of 16 terrestrial (Oniscidea family) and two aquatic isopod species: the marine Sphaeroma serratum (suborder Flabellifera, sister group of Oniscidea) and the freshwater Asellus aquaticus (Asellota, early derived taxon of isopod). The atypical mtDNA structure was observed in 15 terrestrial isopod species and A. aquaticus, suggesting a wide distribution of atypical mtDNA among isopods. However, a typical metazoan mtDNA structure was detected in the marine isopod S. serratum and the Oniscidea Ligia oceanica . Our results suggest two possible scenarios: an early origin of the atypical mtDNA in isopods followed by reversion to the typical ancestral mtDNA structure for several species, or a convergent appearance of the atypical mtDNA structure in two isopod suborders. We compare this distribution of the atypical mtDNA structure with the presence of a heteroplasmy also observed in the mtDNA of several terrestrial isopod species. We discuss if this transmitted heteroplasmy is vectored by the atypical mtDNA and its impact on the maintenance of the atypical mtDNA in isopods.
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Warburg, M. R. "Cost of Breeding in Oniscid Isopods: A Partial Review." Crustaceana 84, no. 12-13 (2011): 1561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854011x607006.
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AbstractOniscid isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea) are able to provide extra developmental time to their young. This is done by having an internal oviposition: mature eggs are oviposited into the marsupium (brood pouch) where they undergo ermbryogenesis. That way the female increases the energetic cost, reflected in the loss in body mass during gestation and incubation (marsupial embryogenesis). This is the reproductive allocation (RA). Some isopod species extend this energetic support to their young by feeding and protecting them. This is the parental investment (PI). These subjects are discussed and reviewed. The production of young during the isopods' lifetime or the reproductive potential of the species (RP) are of major significance for the survival of a species. The RP depends on longevity and both breeding patterns and strategies of the species of isopods. These subjects are discussed and reviewed.
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Lisboa, Jonathas Teixeira, Erminda da Conceição Guerreiro Couto, Pollyanna Pereira Santos, Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie, and Paula Beatriz Araujo. "Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) in termite nests (Blattodea: Termitidae) in a cocoa plantation in Brazil." Biota Neotropica 13, no. 3 (September 2013): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032013000300039.
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Various animals live in termite nests as secondary occupants. Among them are terrestrial isopods. We found five species of terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) in 17 of 34 termite nests of Nasutitermes in a cocoa plantation near Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil (in 2 aging and 15 abandoned nests). The 14 active, 1 aging and 2 abandoned nests bore no isopods. The oniscideans were Atlantoscia rubromarginata, an undescribed species of Atlantoscia (Philosciidae), Pudeoniscus birabeni, P. obscurus (Pudeoniscidae) and Neotroponiscus carolii (Bathytropidae). Of the 146 individuals collected, 122 were A. rubromarginata. Due to the absence of isopods in active nests, these terrestrial isopods are considered termitariophilous.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oniscidean isopods"
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Mazzei, Veronica. "Bioaccumulo di cadmio e piombo e biomarkers di esposizione e di effetto in alcune specie di isopodi oniscidei (Crustacea)." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1141.
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Scopo della presente tesi di Dottorato è stato quello di valutare, utilizzando un protocollo sperimentale basato sulla somministrazione di cibo contaminato con diverse concentrazioni di due metalli pesanti, cadmio e piombo, la capacità di bioaccumulo e le conseguenti risposte biologiche fornite (biomarkers) da tre specie di isopodi oniscidei - Armadillidium granulatum Brandt, Armadillidium vulgare (Latreillei), Porcellio laevis Latreille - presenti ed abbondanti in diverse aree della Sicilia particolarmente interessate da fenomeni di inquinamento ambientale, al fine di verificare il loro possibile impiego in futuri programmi di biomonitoraggio.
Sono stati oggetto di indagine: a) l accumulo dei metalli mediante impiego di spettrometria di massa a plasma accoppiato induttivamente (ICP-MS); b) le alterazioni morfologiche, istologiche ed ultrastrutturali indotte a carico dell epatopancreas, principale organo di accumulo dei metalli; c) l espressione di molecole indicatrici dello stress conseguente al bioaccumulo dei metalli, quali metallotioneine (MT) e heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70) analizzata mediante metodi immunocitochimica; d) l identificazione ed il sequenziamento del gene responsabile dell espressione delle metallotioneine mediante indagini molecolari.
I risultati conseguiti hanno dimostrato che negli isopodi oniscidei, l accumulo dei metalli si realizza in maniera correlata alla concentrazione utilizzata ma in modo variabile in relazione al metallo ed alla specie saggiata. Tutte e tre le specie isopodi hanno dimostrato, infatti, una capacità di accumulo del Cd spiccatamente superiore rispetto al Pb; A. vulgare è stata la specie capace del maggior accumulo di Pb, soprattutto alle concentrazioni più elevate del metallo somministrate, mentre P. laevis, ha mostrato la maggiore capacità di accumulo del Cd, tanto elevata da risultare letale per tutti gli individui trattati per la più alta concentrazione tra quelle saggiate.
La somministrazione delle concentrazioni più elevate di entrambi i metalli ha determinato sensibili alterazioni e della generale organizzazione morfologica ed istologica dei tubuli dell epatopancreas e dell organizzazione ultrastrutturale delle cellule dell epitelio dell organo, alcune delle quali potrebbero essere utilizzate quali efficaci biomarkers di esposizione.
L impiego di anticorpi anti-MT ed anti-Hsp70 si è rivelato efficace ai fini di evidenziare la presenza delle MT e delle Hsp70 nell epitelio dell organo, apprezzabile in maniera differenziata per intensità e localizzazione in relazione al metallo considerato, aspetti che potrebbero rappresentare utili biomarkers di effetto.
Le indagini molecolari rivolte al sequenziamento del gene responsabile dell espressione delle metallotioneine, basate su un protocollo già efficacemente impiegato per altre specie di invertebrati ivi compresi i crostacei decapodi, non hanno avuto successo a causa di una persistente contaminazione fenolica dell RNA, estratto dal pool di epatopancreas.
In conclusione, la ricerca ha confermato quanto già noto circa l eccellente ruolo che gli isopodi oniscidei possono ricoprire quali bioindicatori e bioaccumulatori dell inquinamento da metalli pesanti evidenziando, inoltre, che la capacità di bioaccumulo si realizza in maniera specie-specifica nei confronti dei diversi metalli e che, pertanto, essa deve essere preliminarmente valutata in vista di un loro impiego nei programmi di biomonitoraggio.
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Sokolowicz, Carolina Coelho. "História natural de Benthana cairensis (Isopoda: Oniscidea)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24073.
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A subordem Oniscidea abriga os isópodos terrestres, os quais apresentam uma grande riqueza de espécies em diferentes ambientes com características completamente diversas, desde a zona litorânea até ambientes desérticos. No Brasil há uma diversidade de espécies ainda pouco estudada, sendo que a família Philosciidae representa uma grande parte da fauna de isópodos da América do Sul. O presente estudo tem como objetivos descrever uma nova espécie no gênero Benthana para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, descrever seus estágios de manca e juvenil, assim como caracterizar sua estrutura populacional com respeito aos aspectos reprodutivos e crescimento. Benthana cairensis foi descrita como uma nova espécie de Philosciidae e tem como caracteres diagnósticos a presença de 17 estetascos na antênula, exópodo do pleópodo 1 do macho alongado apresentando um lobo na margem lateral interna. Essa espécie é semelhante a três outras do gênero em relação a presença do lobo, no entanto diferencia-se de todas elas devido às diferenças no número de omatídeos, inserção dos ramos do urópodo e dimorfismo sexual nos pereiópodos dos machos. A fase imatura e indiferenciada sexualmente apresenta três estágios, chamados de mancas. O estágio de Manca I é caracterizado pela simplicidade de suas estruturas e pela sua rápida duração, de aproximadamente 4 horas; apresenta 6 pares de pereiópodos, esses ainda glabros e o aparelho bucal fracamente desenvolvido ainda sem a presença dos dentes pectinados na maxilula, característicos de Benthana. O estágio seguinte, de Manca II, já apresenta o aparelho bucal mais desenvolvido com os dentes pectinados da maxilula e pereiópodos já com o padrão de setas semelhante ao adulto, inclusive a seta “hand-like” do carpo 1, uma autapomorfia do gênero. O último estágio de manca (Manca III) caracteriza-se pela presença do sétimo par de pereiópodos presente dobrado ventralmente sob o corpo do animal. Os estágios de juvenis caracterizam-se pela diferenciação sexual, mas ainda são imaturos sexualmente. Os três primeiros estágios foram descritos para os machos com destaque para o desenvolvimento da protusão do exópodo do pleópodo 1, outra autapomorfia do gênero, o qual só começa a ficar evidente no segundo estágio (JUII) e somente apresenta-se completamente desenvolvido quando o animal atinge aproximadamente 1.0 mm de largura de cefalotórax (LC). O dimorfismo sexual presente nos quatro primeiros pares de pereiópodos dos machos começa a aparecer após os três primeiros estágios de juvenil e está completamente evidente em machos de aproximadamente 1.2 mm de LC. A população de Benthana cairensis do Sítio Cairé caracteriza-se por apresentar uma reprodução contínua durante o ano. As fêmeas investem menos em uma única prole, no entanto são capazes de se reproduzir mais de uma vez ao longo de sua vida. A proporção sexual operacional da população é de 1:1, mostrando que há um equilíbrio no que se refere ao número de machos e fêmeas aptos para reprodução. Os machos vivem menos que as fêmeas e são menores. As fêmeas possuem o corpo maior, o que aumenta a superfície para abrigar a prole o que foi demonstrado pela correlação positiva do tamanho da fêmea com o número de ovos. As características de desenvolvimento de B. cairensis são semelhantes a outras espécies de Philosciidae, apresentando três estágios de mancas. Suas características populacionais, no que se referem a estação reprodutiva e investimento reprodutivo, são semelhantes a outras espécies subtropicais e, como esperado, diferentes de espécies de isópodos que vivem em regiões temperadas.Terrestrial isopods are included in the suborder Oniscidea which shows a great species richness living at different places showing diverse environmental conditions, occurring from the littoral zone through desert regions. In Brazil there is a diversity that is still poorly studied in which the family Philosciidae represents a great part of South America’s woodlice fauna. The present study aims to describe a new species of the genus Benthana to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, to describe its manca and juvenile stages as well as to characterize its population structure concerning reproductive aspects and growth. Benthana cairensis was described as a new species of Philosciidae and presents the following diagnostic characters: 17 aesthetascs on the antennula and male pleopod 1 exopod elongated with a lobe on the inner lateral margin. This species resembles other three species of the genus concerning the presence of pleopod lobe; however it is differentiated by the number of omatidia, insertion of uropod endopod and exopod and sexual dimorphism on male’s pereiopods. The immature and undifferentiated phase has three stages, called mancas. The Manca I is marked by the simplicity of its appendages and by its queek duration, of about 4 hours; it presents 6 pairs of pereiopods still glabrous and mouth parts weekly developed still without the presence of the pectinate teeth of maxillula, characteristic of Benthana. The next stage, Manca II, already shows the mouth parts a little more complete, presenting the pectinate teeth of maxillula and the pereiopods showing the setae pattern of the adult, including the hand-like seta on carpus 1, an autapomorphy of the genus. The last manca stage (Manca III) is characterized by the presence of the 7th pair of pereiopods folded ventrally on the pereion. The juvenile stages are sexually differentiated, but still immature. The first three stages were described for males, enphatizing the development of dentiform protusion of pleopod exopod 1, another autapomorphy of the genus which begins to be evident only at the second stage (JUII) and it is completely formed when the animal reaches 1.0 mm of cephalothorax width (CW). Sexual dimorphism at the first four male pereiopods beggins to develop after the three juvenile stages and it is completely formed on males of approximatly 1.2 mm of CW. The population of Benthana cairensis at Sítio Cairé is characterized by showing a continnuous reproduction during the year. Females invest less in a single brood, but are able to reproduce more than once in its lifetime. The operational sex ratio of population is 1:1, which shows that there is an equillibrium concerning the number of males and females that are able to reproduce. Males live less than females and are smaller. Females have a bigger body which increases the surface where the brood develops; this was demonstrated by the positive correlation of female body size with the offspring number. The developmental characteristics of B. cairensis are similar to those of the other species of Philosciidae presenting three manca stages. Its population features concerning reproductive season and reproductive effort resembles those of other subtropical species and as expected, is different from species that occur at temperate regions.
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Appel, Carina de Souza. "Análise e descrição de estruturas temporárias presentes no período ovígero de isópodos terrestres (Crustacea, Oniscidea)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142948.
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A presença do marsúpio fechado possibilitou aos isópodos terrestres a total independência do meio aquático para a reprodução, permitindo aos mesmos a colonização de habitats terrestres variados. Em seu interior, a prole é nutrida e oxigenada através de estruturas temporárias, chamadas cotilédones, as quais surgem durante o período ovígero das fêmeas e são exclusivas do grupo Crinocheta. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever padrões dos cotilédones, analisados em 37 espécies de isópodos terrestres distribuídas entre as famílias: Agnaridae, Armadillidae, Armadillidiidae, Balloniscidae, Bathytropidae, Detonidae, Dubioniscidae, Philosciidae, Platyarthridae, Porcellionidae, Pudeoniscidae, Scleropactidae e Trachelipodidae, verificando se ocorre variação de comprimento ao longo das fases de desenvolvimento embrionário, sendo que para isto foram selecionadas seis espécies: Armadillidium nasatum, A. vulgare, Atlantoscia floridana, Balloniscus sellowii, Benthana cairensis e Porcellio scaber. Armadillidium vulgare e B. sellowii também foram estimados quanto à proporção comprimento dos cotilédones/ tamanho da fêmea. Entre as 13 famílias estudadas foram identificados seis formatos (tipos) de cotilédones e sete arranjos diferentes de número e distribuição. O comprimento foi estabelecido como: curto, médio e longo. Armadillidium vulgare, A. floridana e B. cairensis não apresentaram diferença no comprimento dos cotilédones durante os estágios embrionários sendo que este foi evidenciado para as demais espécies, uma vez que B. sellowii e P. scaber apresentaram aumento da fase de ovo para embrião, diminuindo na fase de manca. Já em A. nasatum ocorre um aumento gradual até a fase de manca, onde então regridem drasticamente. O comprimento dos cotilédones de A. vulgare e B. sellowii é proporcional ao tamanho da fêmea. Durante os estudos realizados outra novidade foi registrada: a presença de uma “extensão marsupial”. Para maiores informações sobre esta estrutura, foi necessário identificar quais espécies a apresentavam, o número de indivíduos abrigados em seu interior e diferenças na estrutura entre as espécies que portavam tal extensão e as que possuem o marsúpio fechado restrito aos cinco pares de oostegitos. Seis espécies apresentaram extensão marsupial, a qual possibilita o abrigo de aproximadamente ¼ do total da prole. XI Este marsúpio não apresenta formato distendido como o encontrado nas demais espécies o que vem a influenciar diretamente a alimentação da fêmea, pois com o desenvolvimento da prole ocorrendo em direção aos órgãos desta, conforme avançam as fases, aumenta a pressão interna, comprimindo seu interior. As diferenças morfológicas registradas aqui representam estratégias reprodutivas adotadas pelas espécies, ao longo da evolução, podendo estar relacionadas (ou não) à filogenia dos grupos.The presence of the closed brood pouch made it possible for terrestrial isopods to have full independence of the aquatic environment for reproduction, allowing them to colonize varied terrestrial habitats. Inside, the offspring is nourished and oxygenated by temporary structures, called cotyledons, which emerge during the ovigerous period of females and are unique to the group Crinocheta. This study aims to describe patterns of cotyledons, analyzed in 37 species of terrestrial isopods distributed among the families: Agnaridae, Armadillidae, Armadillidiidae, Balloniscidae, Bathytropidae, Detonidae, Dubioniscidae, "Philoscidae" Platyarthridae, Porcellionidae, Pudeoniscidae, Scleropactidae and Trachelipodidae , checking if there is variation in length along the stages of embryonic development, and for this, six species were selected as models: Armadillidium nasatum, A. vulgare, Atlantoscia floridana Balloniscus sellowii, Porcellio scaber and Benthana cairensis. Armadillidium vulgare and B. sellowii were also estimated concerning the proportion of cotyledon length / female size. Among the 13 studied families six formats (types) of cotyledons were identified as well as seven different arrangements of numbers and distribution. The length was established as: short, medium and long. Armadillidium vulgare, A. floridana and B. cairensis showed no difference in the length of the cotyledons during the embryonic stages while this was evidenced for the other species, since B. sellowii and P. scaber showed increased egg stage to the embryo, decreasing during the manca. Nevertheless in A. nasatum a gradual increase until the phase of manca occurs, which then regresses dramatically. The length of the cotyledons of A. vulgare and B. sellowii is proportional to female size. XIII During the carried out studies another new feature was recorded: the presence of an " marsupial extension." For obtaining further information about this structure it was necessary to identify the species that presented it, the number of individuals housed within, and differences in structure between species that harbored such extension and the others which had the closed pouch restricted to five pairs of oostegits. Six species showed marsupial extension, which provides shelter for approximately a quarter of the total offspring. This brood pouch does not have a distended format as the one found in other species, which directly influences the feeding of the female, because due to the fact that the offspring development occurs towards its organs as the stages advance, internal pressure increases, compressing its interior. The morphological differences reported here represent reproductive strategies adopted by the species, through evolution and could be related (or not) to the phylogeny of the groups.
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Messina, Giuseppina. "Gli Isopodi terrestri utilizzati per la valutazione dello stato di naturalita' delle terre relitte delle "Saline di Trapani e Paceco" (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/104.
Full textAbstract:
Le aree umide costiere costituiscono ecosistemi particolarmente significativi per la salvaguardia della biodiversita'. In Sicilia una zona umida costiera di particolare interesse naturalistico e' rappresentata dalla R.N.O. "Saline di Trapani e Paceco", costituita da lembi di terra relitti, che in molti casi delimitano le saline. In queste aree e' stata condotta la ricerca relativa a questa tesi di dottorato e finalizzata allo studio delle relazioni esistenti tra gli Isopodi Oniscidei e le associazioni di vegetali che caratterizzano i vari siti di campionamento, tenendo conto anche dei parametri ambientali, al fine di valutare le preferenze di habitat di ogni specie. Nell'area di studio sono stati scelti cinque siti, all'interno dei quali sono stati effettuati i campionamenti mediante pitfall traps, nel periodo da gennaio 2008 a maggio 2010. Il lungo periodo di campionamento ha permesso di studiare anche la fenologia delle specie. Delle 24 specie rinvenute, nessuna e' endemica dell'area oggetto di studio, ad eccezione di Porcellio siculoccidentalis, che e' presente esclusivamente nel comprensorio trapanese e che peraltro sembra avere un'ampia valenza ecologica. Lo studio delle associazioni con i vegetali ha messo in evidenza che esse mostrano preferenze di habitat, infatti sette specie risultano associate ad una o piu' componenti vegetali.
Le relazioni con i parametri ambientali (temperatura, piovosita', umidita' relativa) hanno mostrato che l'attivita' della maggior parte delle specie e' influenzata principalmente dalla temperatura e umidita' relativa.
Dall'analisi dei dati e' emerso che l'area si trova in uno stato di accettabile conservazione confermato dall'elevato numero di specie e dal buon equilibrio che esiste fra loro.Ecosystems constituted by coastal lakes and ponds are very important areas to preserve biodiversity. The "Riserva Naturale Orientata Saline di Trapani e Paceco" is a very interesting naturalistic area in Sicily; it is formed by the remaining stripes of land among salt pans, near the coastline. In that area the research relative to this doctoral thesis was conducted, with the purpose to study the relations among terrestrial Isopods and the vegetation of the sampling sites. Environmental parameters and habitat preferences were also evaluated. In the period from January 2008 to May 2010, pitfall trapping were conducted in five sampling sites inside the study area. Twenty-four species were collected, none of which was endemic to this area, excepted of Porcellio siculoccidentalis that is distributed in western Sicily, showing a wide ecological range. The results of the relations with the plants showed habitat preferences for the species, since 7 species resulted strictly associated to one or more plants. The relationship with environmental parameters (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) showed that mainly temperature and relative humidity influence the activity of most species. Data analysis showed that the study area is in an acceptable conservation status, also confirmed by the high number of species and by their good natural equilibrium.
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Pezzino, Elisa. "Gli Isopodi Oniscidei di Sicilia e delle isole circumsiciliane: studio faunistico, sistematico e biogeografico (Crustacea, Isopoda)." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4001.
Full textAbstract:
La Sicilia per la sua posizione al centro del Mediterraneo è considerata un hot spot faunistico, infatti su quest isola sono presenti un gran numero di specie di notevole interesse della maggior parte dei gruppi animali, Artropodi compresi.
La ricerca è finalizzata allo studio degli Isopodi Oniscidei di Sicilia e delle isole circumsiciliane; sono stati utilizzati sia i dati esistenti in letteratura sia quelli accumulati in oltre venti anni di raccolte in questi territori. Per ogni specie viene fornita una carta di distribuzione relativa che riporta la linea di costa ed il reticolato U.T.M.
Per ciascuna specie sono stati indicati sia i toponimi già noti in letteratura sia i nuovi toponimi al fine di chiarire la distribuzione sul territorio studiato. Sono stati annotati dati sull esigenze ecologiche e anche sulla maturità sessuale delle femmine. Vengono fornite chiavi dicotomiche che permettono la determinazione delle specie siciliane e delle isole. Da questo studio è emerso che le specie certamente presenti in Sicilia e sulle isole circumsiciliane sono complessivamente 103; esse sono così ripartite: 92 in Sicilia; 31 sulle Isole Eolie; 24 ad Ustica; 27 a Pantelleria; 38 sulle Isole Egadi; 22 sulle Isole Pelagie; 49 sull Arcipelago maltese. Sono stati rinvenuti 24 endemismi (di cui 17 esclusivi della Sicilia) sono state descritte tre nuove specie. Tenuto conto dell attuale distribuzione e della presenza delle specie sulle varie aree geografiche, è stato possibile formulare alcune ipotesi biogeografiche circa l origine del popolamento animale di Sicilia.
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Judd, Simon L. "Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Oniscidea) and biogeographical patterns from South-Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1613.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Oniscidea) diversity and biogeography from south-western Australia, a region already recognised for the exceptional high biodiversity and concentrations of endemic species. A taxonomic investigation of isopods in the Western Australian Museum and material collected systematically as part of this study revealed seventy taxa, sixty of which were considered native species. The thesis provides a comprehensive review of regional taxonomic history and includes a key, complete with a set of forty characters states and taxa, illustrated by a number of photographic plates that are designed for use by specialists and non-specialists alike. Prior to this study all the region's indigenous terrestrial isopods were poorly described and, while many taxa are still to be resolved at the species level, it appears at least 35 species are new to science. The distributions of indigenous taxa form some clear and consistent biogeographical patterns. Distributions of taxa are influenced by steep rainfall gradients, the seasonality of rainfall and by biophysical characteristics of the landscape including, localised landforms and differing microhabitat utilisation. The region is one of high diversity, with both widely distributed species and highly localised endemics. Two areas, the Perth region of the Swan Coastal Plain and the tall, wet southern forests, are particularly species rich. Beta diversity is also high. This reflects a heterogeneous landscape with profound differences in microhabitat availability, differences often due to recent exogenous disturbance. The construction of a biogeographic model showed a major fauna/ break, which created northern and southern bioregions to which 68% of the taxa were endemic. This biogeographical boundary is significant in that it had not been recognised in any previous biogeographical schemes. Data derived from the analysis of soil, leaf litter and log microhabitat samples show that the existence of terrestrial isopods in south-western Australia is intractably related to organic matter. The geographical range of species is often best explained by the types of microhabitat utilised and their degree of moisture dependency. The wetter forests of the region contain relictual short range endemics reliant upon surface organic matter, particularly leaf litter. Moisture is clearly a limiting factor in the distribution of all species. The five most common genera can be differentiated by their dependence upon different moisture regimes in a range of microhabitat types. The spatial and temporal continuity of different types of organic matter in forested landscapes is considered critical to the conservation of the group in south-Western Australia. Land management practices, such as logging and burning, which influence the nature and distribution of organic matter, are likely to induce profound changes in terrestrial isopod communities. Regular and broadscale prescription burning and the increasing scarcity of large and decayed logs are considered to be a primary threat to their conservation status. Hypotheses involving the historical role of surface organic matter are developed to explain the speciation patterns of the group in the region. In order to test these models, and to provide an urgently needed assessment of the conservation status of relictual forest invertebrates, clear taxonomic priorities are recommended.
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Bugs, Priscila da Silva. "Ocorrência e distribuição de isópodos terrestres (Crustacea: Oniscidea) em três ambientes florestais na Serra Geral, Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/24096.
Full textAbstract:
A subordem Oniscidea Latreille, 1829 é a única ordem de Isopoda que abriga espécies verdadeiramente terrestres. Formam um importante e dominante componente nas comunidades de meso e macro-decompositores de solo. Suas atividades causam um impacto considerável na decomposição através da promoção da respiração microbial e alterações na química dos detritos. No presente estudo investigou-se a abundância, diversidade e composição de espécies de isópodos terrestres em três formações vegetais, na Serra Geral do Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil. A área compreende duas formações espontâneas (Mata Primária e Mata Secundária) e área de plantação de Pinus abandonada, em estágio de sucessão. Para cada área, foram consideradas duas subáreas, contendo dois transectos com 5 armadilhas de queda em cada um, as quais ficaram operantes de 2001 a 2002. Os dados obtidos possibilitaram a realização de inferências sobre as características populacionais apresentadas por duas espécies: Atlantoscia floridana e Balloniscus glaber. Atlantoscia floridana é a espécie mais frequente nas três áreas: 145 indivíduos em Mata Primária, 194 em Mata Secundária e 105 em plantações de Pinus. Balloniscus glaber apresentou abundância de 80 indivíduos em Mata Primária, 82 em Mata Secundária e um indivíduo em plantações de Pinus. A Análise de Similaridade revelou diferença quantitativa entre as áreas, mas não diferença qualitativa. Foram identificados Doubletons para mata primária (Alboscia silveirensis) e plantação de Pinus (Benthana araucariana) e Singletons para a mata secundária (A. silveirensis, B. araucariana e Styloniscus otakensis) e plantação de Pinus (B. glaber). Obteve-se também o registro de uma Duplicata (A. silveirensis) para mata primária e secundária. A Proporção Sexual Operacional (OSR) de A. floridana seguido do Teste G, não verificou diferença entre a proporção sexual apresentada dentro das áreas ou em relação ao esperado 1:1. Atlantoscia floridana apresentou correlação significativa entre o tamanho da fêmea e o tamanho da prole para as três áreas. A menor fêmea ovígera foi encontrada em área de Pinus (0.968mm). Fêmeas ovígeras e pós-ovígeras ocorreram nas estações de verão, outono e primavera (Mata Primária e Plantação de Pinus) e nas quatro estações (Mata Secundária). Quanto à abundância de A. floridana não apresentou diferença significativa entre as áreas. Representantes de todas as classes ocorrem em todas as áreas. Para Balloniscus glaber a Proporção Sexual Operacional (OSR) seguido do Teste G verificou diferença quanto à proporção esperada de 1:1, mas não diferença entre as áreas. Não foi apresentada correlação significativa entre o tamanho da fêmea e o tamanho da prole na Mata Primária e Mata Secundária. Fêmeas ovígeras e pósovígeras ocorreram nas estações de verão e outono (Mata Primária e Mata Secundária). Quanto à abundância B. glaber não apresentou diferença significativa entre as áreas. Representantes de todas as classes ocorrem na Mata Primária e Mata Secundária. Em Plantação de Pinus ocorreu o registro de somente uma fêmea no verão de 2001. A menor fêmea ovígera foi encontrada em Mata Primária.The suborder Oniscidea Latreille, 1829 is the only Isopoda order that has truly terrestrial species. This group is an important and dominant portion of the soil meso and macro faunal community. Their activity causes considerable impact in decomposition through the increase on microbial respiration and detritus chemical alteration. The present study investigated the abundance, diversity, and species composition of terrestrial isopods in three vegetal formations in the Serra Geral of Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil. The area comprises two spontaneous formations (primary and secondary forests) and an abandoned Pinus plantation in succession stage. For each area, two sub-areas were taken into account; constituting two transects containing 10 pitfall traps each, that where kept during 2001 and 2002. The obtained data permitted inferences regarding the population characteristics of two species: Atlantoscia floridana and Balloniscus glaber. Atlantoscia floridana was the most frequent species in the three areas: 145 individuals in primary forest, 194 in secondary forest and 105 in Pinus plantation. Balloniscus glaber presented an abundance of 80 individuals in primary forest, 82 in secondary forest and one individual in Pinus plantation. The similarity analysis revealed quantitative but not qualitative difference between the areas. Doubletons were identified in primary forest (Alboscia silveirensis) and Pinus plantation (Benthana araucariana) and Singletons were identified for secondary forest (A. silveirensis, B. araucariana and Styloniscus otakensis) and Pinus plantation (B. glaber). One Duplicata (A. silveirensis) was also registered for primary and secondary forest. The operational sexual proportion (OSR) of A. floridana followed by G Test was not different between observed and expected 1:1 sexual proportion in the areas. Atlantoscia floridana presented significant correlation between female size and offspring number in the three areas. The smallest ovigerous female was found in the area with Pinus (0.968mm). There was no difference in the abundance of ovigerous and post ovigerous females. Both females were present in the samples from summer, fall and spring (primary forest and Pinus plantation) or in the four seasons (secondary forest). Regarding the abundance of Atlantoscia floridana, there was no significant difference between the different areas. Individuals of all classes were present in all areas. The OSR of B. glaber had no significant difference between the sampled number of females and males. Through G Test it was verified difference from the expected 1:1 proportion, but no difference between the areas. There was no significant correlation between female size and offspring number for primary and secondary forest. There was no significant difference regarding the abundance of ovigerous and post ovigerous females. Both females were present in the samples from summer and fall (primary and secondary forest). There was no significant difference in abundance of B. glaber between the areas. Individuals of all classes were present in primary and secondary forest. In Pinus plantation, there was only one female in the summer of 2001. The smallest ovigerous female was found in primary forest.
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Doublet, V. "Structure et Evolution du Génome Mitochondrial des Oniscidea (Crustacea, Isopoda)." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586370.
Full textAbstract:
L'ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt) des animaux est généralement constitué de molécules circulaires monomériques de ~16 kb. Cependant, parmi les rares exceptions qui ont été décrites, deux espèces d'Oniscidea Armadillidium vulgare et Porcellionides pruinosus (Crustacés Isopodes terrestres) présentent un ADNmt atypique composé de molécules monomériques linéaires de ~14 kb associées à des dimères circulaires et palindromiques de ~28 kb. Afin de connaître plus en détail sa structure, l'ADNmt atypique d'A. vulgare a été séquencé. Il contient bien les 13 gènes codants pour des protéines et les deux sous unités ribosomales généralement présents dans l'ADNmt des Métazoaires, mais en revanche il ne présente pas l'ensemble des 22 ARN de transferts (ARNt) attendus. De plus, une étonnante hétéroplasmie générant un ARNt alloaccepteur pour les acides aminés Alanine et Valine (ARNtAla/Val) a été découverte. Cette hétéroplasmie est un exemple unique chez les Eucaryotes par la présence de deux gènes différents sur le même locus mitochondrial. De façon surprenante, cette hétéroplasmie a également été observée chez de nombreuses autres espèces d'Oniscidea qui possèdent aussi un génome mitochondrial atypique. Il semble donc que l'apparition de cet ADNmt atypique chez les Isopodes ait permis l'apparition de l'ARNtAla/Val, et que les forces évolutives permettant le maintien de ces deux gènes essentiels à la traduction mitochondriale soient impliquées dans la conservation de cette structure atypique.
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Doublet, Vincent. "Structure et évolution du génome mitochondrial des Oniscidea (Crustacea, Isopoda)." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers/theses/2010/Doublet-Vincent/2010-Doublet-Vincent-These.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
L'ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt) des animaux est généralement constitué de molécules circulaires monomériques de ~16 kb. Cependant, parmi les rares exceptions qui ont été décrites, deux espèces d’Oniscidea Armadillidium vulgare et Porcellionides pruinosus (Crustacés Isopodes terrestres) présentent un ADNmt atypique composé de molécules monomériques linéaires de ~14 kb associées à des dimères circulaires et palindromiques de ~28 kb. Afin de connaître plus en détail sa structure, l'ADNmt atypique d'A. Vulgare a été séquencé. Il contient bien les 13 gènes codants pour des protéines et les deux sous unités ribosomales généralement présents dans l'ADNmt des Métazoaires, mais en revanche il ne présente pas l’ensemble des 22 ARN de transferts (ARNt) attendus. De plus, une étonnante hétéroplasmie générant un ARNt alloaccepteur pour les acides aminés Alanine et Valine (ARNtAla/Val) a été découverte. Cette hétéroplasmie est un exemple unique chez les Eucaryotes par la présence de deux gènes différents sur le même locus mitochondrial. De façon surprenante, cette hétéroplasmie a également été observée chez de nombreuses autres espèces d'Oniscidea qui possèdent aussi un génome mitochondrial atypique. Il semble donc que l'apparition de cet ADNmt atypique chez les Isopodes ait permis l'apparition de l'ARNtAla/Val, et que les forces évolutives permettant le maintien de ces deux gènes essentiels à la traduction mitochondriale soient impliquées dans la conservation de cette structure atypiqueIn animals, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally composed of ~16 kb circular monomer molecules. However, two species of terrestrial Crustaceans Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellionides pruinosus (Isopoda: Oniscidea) are exceptions. Their mtDNA is composed of ~14 kb linear monomers associated to ~28 kb circular head-to-head dimers. In order to describe its structure, the complete mtDNA sequence of A. Vulgare has been obtained. It does contain the 13 protein coding genes and the 2 ribosomal sub-units generally found in metazoan mtDNA, but not all of the 22 expected transfer RNA (tRNAs). Besides, a surprising heteroplasmy that generates a dual tRNA alloacceptor for both amino acids Alanine and Valine (tRNAAla/Val) has been discovered. This heteroplasmy by the presence of two different genes on a single mitochondrial locus is an unique example in eukaryotes. Interestingly, this heteroplasmy has been observed in a wide range of Oniscidea species carrying an atypical mtDNA. The appearance of the atypical mitochondrial genome in isopods may have permit the appearance of the tRNAAla/Val, and evolutionary forces that allow the maintenance of these two genes essential for mitochondrial translation might conserve the atypical structure of mtDNA
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Mladen, Horvatović. "Filetički odnosi unutar sekcije SynochetaLegrand, 1946 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)Balkanskog poluostrva." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=87803&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Aktuelna sistematika sekcije Synocheta na gotovo svim nivoima ne odražava realne filetičke veze. Neobična distribucija, nejasni diferencijalni karakteri familije Styloniscidae i njene veze sa familijom Trichoniscidae su problematični. Kriterijumi podele Trichoniscidae na podfamilije su nejasni, nedosledni i često neprimenljivi. Otuda ne čudi krajnje uprošćena podela koja ne oslikava realne filetičke odnose unutar grupe, koji su znatno kompleksniji. Od 593 vrste Synocheta, trećina (većinom endemita), naseljava Balkan, što nameće ovo područje kao jedan od centara diverzifikacije i diverziteta grupe, i čini ga idealnim za sagledavanje realnih filetičkih odnosa. Ovo je definisalo glavne ciljeve naše studije: što potpunije sagledavanje faune balkanskih Synocheta kroz taksonomsku obradu; utvrđivanje filetičkih veza na osnovu kompleksa relevantnih karaktera uporednim analizama, sa težištem na konzervativnijim karakterima, što do sada nije učinjeno. Konstatovali smo u balkanskoj fauni iz familije Styloniscidae 4 roda sa 15 vrsta, od toga 3 roda i 4 vrste su nove za nauku; iz familije Trichoniscidae 33 roda sa 176 vrsta, od toga 1 novi rod i 18 novih vrsta. Od tog broja 27 rodova i 161 vrsta Synocheta je endemično za Balkan. Kod Styloniscidae smo utvrdili znatno veći diverzitet i heterogenost od onoga što je bilo do sada poznato, što ukazuje na moguće poreklo ove grupe sa prostora severne Gondvane (delom inkorporirane u prostore Balkana), zajedničko sa familijom Trichoniscidae.Rekonstruisali smo najznačajnije momente u filogeniji Trichoniscidae: vrlo rano razviće konglobacije, uz masivan integument i razvijenu ornamentiku kao adaptacije; prelazak na zaštitu stereotaksacijom; evolucija ka aktivnijoj zaštiti i gubitku „oklopa” što dovodi do velike adaptivne radijacije. Pri tome smo pokazali da su karakteri koji su smatrani izvedenim osobinama zapravo pleziomorfni.Predstavili smo osnovne evolutivne tokove u familiji Trichoniscidae, kao i filetičke veze koje proizilaze iz ove studije: Haplophthalminae su stara grupa koja poseduje niz pleziomorfnih karaktera; Buddelndiellinae su stara grupa sa znatno bližim filetičkim vezama sa Haplophthalminae; Thaumatoniscellinae imaju vrlo davno zajedničko poreklo sa Haplophthalminae; Trichoniscinae su mlađa, parafiletička grupa, a mnoge linije su nezavisno evoluirale od podfamilije Haplophthalminae. Ovom studijom smo u nekim segmentima dokazali dijametralno suprotne, znatno kompleksnije filetičke veze unutar Synocheta u odnosu na do sada prezentovane.Current systematic Synocheta section at almost all levels fails to reflect the real phyletic relations. Unusual distribution and vague differential characters of Styloniscidae family and its relationships with the Trichoniscidae family are problematic. The division criteria for forming Trichoniscidae subfamilies are unclear, inconsistent and often unenforceable. Hence, the extremely simplified division that does not reflect the real phyletic relations within the group, which are much more complex, is not surprising.Of 593 Synocheta species, one third (mostly endemic) inhabit the Balkans, which imposes this area as one of the centers of diversification and diversity of the group, and makes it ideal for the analysis of real phyletic relations. This defined the main goals of our study: as complete assessment of the fauna of the Balkan Synocheta as achievable through taxonomic treatment; determining phyletic relations through comparative analyses based on the complex of relevant characters, with the emphasis on the more conservative ones, which has not been accomplished thus far.In the Balkan fauna of the Styloniscidae family, 4 genera with 15 species were identified, of which 3 genera and 4 species are new to science; similarly, the 33 genera with 176 species from the family Trichoniscidae found in Balkan fauna included one new genus and 18 new species. Of that number, 27 genera and 161 Synocheta species are endemic to the Balkans.In Styloniscidae, we found much greater diversity and heterogeneity than was previously established, which indicates that these groups possibly originate from the northern Gondwana (partly incorporated into the Balkans area), in common with Trichoniscidae family.We reconstructed the most important moments in the Trichoniscidae philogeny: early development of conglobation, with massive integument and developed rnamentation as adaptations; transition into protection via stereotaxation; evolution toward more active protection and loss of "armor", which leads to extensive adaptive radiation. In addition, we have shown that the characters that were previously considered derived properties are actually plesiomorphic.We have presented the basic evolutionary trends in Trichoniscidae family, as well as phyletic relations arising from this study: Haplophthalminae are the ancient group ossessing a wide range of plesiomorphic characters; Buddelndiellinae are the ancient group with a much VI closer phyletic relations to Haplophthalminae; Thaumatoniscellinae share a common, and very distant, origin with Haplophthalminae; Trichoniscinae are a younger paraphyletic group and many lines have evolved independently of the Haplophthalminae subfamily.In this study, in some segments, we have demonstrated substantially more complex phyletic relations within Synocheta, diametrically opposed to the previously presented findings.
Books on the topic "Oniscidean isopods"
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Grünwald, Mathias. Adaption und Dekompositionsleistung von Landasseln (Isopoda, Oniscidea) an Standorten der Grossen Brennessel (Urtica dioica L.). Freiburg [Breisgau]: HochschulVerlag, 1988.
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Spyros, Sfenthourakis, ed. The biology of terrestrial isopods, V: Oniscidea rolling into the new millennium : proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on the Biology of Terrestrial Isopods : Irakleio (Iraklion), Crete, Greece, 19-23 May 2001. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Oniscidean isopods"
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"Altitudinal Variation of Oniscidean Communities on Cretan Mountains." In The Biology of Terrestrial Isopods, 217–30. BRILL, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047412854_017.
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Sfenthourakis, Spyros, Alan A. Myers, Stefano Taiti, and James K. Lowry. "Terrestrial Environments." In Evolution and Biogeography, 359–88. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637842.003.0014.
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Among crustaceans, only Amphipoda, Isopoda, and Decapoda have invaded truly terrestrial environments, but only two groups show full adaptations to live on land: the family Talitridae among the Amphipoda and the suborder Oniscidea among the Isopoda. The Talitridae occur primarily in forest leaf litter, but a number of other habitats, including caves, are recorded. Talitrids are important ecological contributors to the litter fauna, often occurring in high densities. Their adaptations to a terrestrial way of life include the retention of the mitten-shaped second gnathopods, a neotenic condition among males; the first article of antenna 2 greatly enlarged and fixed to the side of the head; and enlarged gills and pleopods often reduced, sometimes to vestigial stumps. Talitrids have a skewed world distribution being at their most diverse in New Zealand, Tasmania, and Japan/Taiwan. They occur in the Caribbean and Central America but are absent from South and North America except as introduced taxa. Their distribution is largely a result of tectonic activity during the past 150 million years and of extinctions during the Tertiary due to increasing aridity of the climate. The Oniscidea (terrestrial isopods) are the only crustaceans that have managed to adapt to almost all habitat types on land and have become the most species-rich suborder of Isopoda. Although monophyly of the Oniscidea is generally accepted, current taxonomy, based almost entirely on morphological characters, needs extensive revision. Terrestrial isopods present a number of unique adaptations to life on land, some of which result from what can be considered as pre-adaptations of ancestral marine isopods, such as egg development in a marsupium, being dorso-ventrally oblate and having a pleopodal respiration. Other crucial adaptations of Oniscidea include the water-conducting system, the structure of their cuticle, and the “covered” type of pleopodal lungs, all of which are responses to the acute problem of desiccation. They are also among the most speciose taxa in caves, some species have even returned to an aquatic life, and a few species have evolved social behavior. Oniscidea are increasingly being used in biogeographical, phylogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary research and can become model organisms for a broad range of biological studies.
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Bishop, Renée E., William Humphreys, and Damià Jaume. "Subterranean and Anchialine Waters." In Evolution and Biogeography, 331–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637842.003.0013.
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Crustaceans have successfully colonized the subterranean habitat, and many have become obligate inhabitants, occurring virtually everywhere there are interconnected voids underground. With the exception of most oniscidean isopods and a few talitrid amphipods, subterranean crustaceans inhabit water (stygobionts), where they dominate the stygofauna both in biomass and diversity of species. Four major taxonomic groups predominate: amphipods, isopods, copepods, and ostracods. Although most higher crustacean taxa have representatives in both epigean and subterranean habitats, some groups such as remipedes, thermosbaenaceans, spelaeogriphaceans, bathynellaceans, mystacocarids, and gelyelloid copepods are known only from the subterranean environment. Subterranean habitats vary physically and range from organically rich shallow habitats around seeps to cave systems more than a kilometer deep. Water quality, which can range from fresh to marine to hypersaline, static to flowing, and oxic to suboxic, impacts species distribution. Dispersal patterns in subterranean crustaceans are also diverse. Freshwater stygobiont crustaceans have narrow endemic ranges, and their dispersal is limited by saltwater. The distribution of several freshwater taxa might reflect the movement of tectonic plates. The extraordinarily diverse anchialine fauna, initially distributed along the Tethyan coast, was likely spread by vicariance due to movement of tectonic plates. Originating from epigean ancestors, many stygobionts have a marine origin. While the existence of preadaptations does not necessarily guarantee successful colonization of the subterranean habitat, a suite of characteristics is frequently observed in subterranean crustaceans, with most being weakly chitinized, lacking or with reduced eyes and pigments, and enhanced non-optic sense organs. Metabolic rates tend to be lower than in epigean crustaceans. Limited evidence indicates subterranean crustaceans are longer lived with lower reproductive potential. These adaptations make subterranean crustacean populations particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts. The morphological, physiological, and life history adaptations to a subterranean existence are most likely common responses to the physical environment of each subterranean ecosystem. Extensive biodiversity and phylogeography studies are still required, and there is a pressing need to comprehend the functional role of stygofauna in subterranean waters.
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"Habitat and Resource Use by Terrestrial Isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea)." In The Biology of Terrestrial Isopods, 243–61. BRILL, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047412854_019.
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"The Stomach in Oniscidea: Structure and Evolution." In The Biology of Terrestrial Isopods, 69–83. BRILL, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047412854_009.
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"Development of the Community Structure of Terrestrial Isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea) after a Summer Flood." In The Biology of Terrestrial Isopods, 231–42. BRILL, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047412854_018.
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Sghaer, Mohamed. "Breeding Phenology and Reproductive Strategies in Terrestrial Isopod Species (Crustacea Isopoda Oniscidea) from Tunisia." In Phenology and Climate Change. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/36234.
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"Leg Structure and Mate Guarding in the Ligiidae (Isopoda, Oniscidea)." In The Biology of Terrestrial Isopods, 53–68. BRILL, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047412854_008.
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"Osmoregulation and Salt Excretion in the Ligiidae and Tylidae (Isopoda, Oniscidea)." In The Biology of Terrestrial Isopods, 311–34. BRILL, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047412854_023.
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"Evolution of Terrestriality in Hawaiian Species of the Genus Ligia (Isopoda, Oniscidea)." In The Biology of Terrestrial Isopods, 85–102. BRILL, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047412854_010.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Oniscidean isopods"
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Lima, E. C., T. C. Teixeira, and D. C. Grangeiro. "NOVO REGISTRO DE REDUCTONISCUS PARA O NORDESTE (ISOPODA, ONISCIDEA, ARMADILLIDAE)." In X Congresso Brasileiro sobre Crustáceos. Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/2178-7581x2018309.
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Kenne, D. C., G. L. G. Soares, and P. B. Araujo. "INFLUÊNCIA DE MARCAÇÃO COM ESMALTE NO COMPORTAMENTO GREGÁRIO DE ISÓPODOS TERRESTRES (ISOPODA, ONISCIDEA)." In X Congresso Brasileiro sobre Crustáceos. Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/2178-7581x2018038.
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Kenne, D. C., C. M. Medeiros, and G. L. G. Soares. "INFLUÊNCIA DE QUERCETINA E RUTINA NO DESEMPENHO ALIMENTAR DE ISÓPODOS TERRESTRES (ISOPODA, ONISCIDEA)." In X Congresso Brasileiro sobre Crustáceos. Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/2178-7581x2018039.
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Rublescki, N., D. C. Kenne, R. A. A. Mariani, and G. L. G. Soares. "PERCEPÇÃO DE SEMIOQUÍMICOS E INFLUÊNCIA DE BARREIRAS QUÍMICAS NO DESLOCAMENTO DE ISÓPODOS TERRETRES (ISOPODA, ONISCIDEA)." In X Congresso Brasileiro sobre Crustáceos. Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/2178-7581x2018077.
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Silveira, L. H. R., D. C. Kenne, and G. L. G. Soares. "VIVENDO NO LIMITE! QUAL A FAIXA ÓTIMA DE SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE ISÓPODOS TERRESTRES (ISOPODA, ONISCIDEA) NA PRESENÇA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE EUCALYPTUS SALIGNA SM (MYRTACEAE)?" In X Congresso Brasileiro sobre Crustáceos. Sociedade Brasileira de Carcinologia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/2178-7581x2018095.
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