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1
Ramsland, John. "Edith onians, australian advocate of social reform." Australian Social Work 47, no. 1 (March 1994): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03124079408411115.
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Olsson, Tore C. "Peeling Back the Layers: Vidalia Onions and the Making of a Global Agribusiness." Enterprise & Society 13, no. 4 (December 2012): 832–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700011484.
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In Depression-era South Georgia, truck farmers experimenting with onion planting found that their crop emerged unusually sweet, due to the region's climate and particular soil content. But what gave Vidalia onions a unique flavor—their low sulfur and high water content—also rendered them nearly impossible to market, as the vegetable spoiled much quicker than regular onions. In their seventy-year quest to overcome the onion's natural limitations, Georgia growers would transform their formerly insular region into a hub of global supermarket capitalism. As onion acreage skyrocketed with the advent of controlled atmosphere storage, growers recruited thousands of Latin American workers. Then, when storage techniques proved imperfect, industry leaders contracted with growers across Central and South America to produce sweet onions for sale during Georgia's off-season. In striking contrast to the Vidalia onion's branding as a “down-home” southern crop, the vegetable's history reveals the contradictions in our modern food system.
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Wiebenson, Dora. "Review: Bearers of Meaning: The Classical Orders in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance by John Onians." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 50, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990595.
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Putra, Zuhardi Perdana, Reswita Reswita Reswita, and Irnad Irnad Irnad. "ADDED VALUE ANALYSIS ON FRIED ONION OF UD. SAFARI BAWANG GORENG IN KELURAHAN KEBUN TEBENG BENGKULU CITY." Jurnal Agroindustri 8, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/j.agroind.8.1.62-70.
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ABSTRACTAgroindustry is an agriculture based industry that has an important role in economic growth in Indonesia. One of the agricultural subsector is horticultural crops, namely onion. The need for onion consumption in Indonesia has always increased. In the Bengkulu city there is a company engaged in the industry of fried onions are "UD. Safari Bawang Goreng". This research is done with consideration of the company has long standing, big enough company, and produce about 336 kg/day. Fried onions are processed products that are processed from the main source of raw material is onion. The processed onion comes from Brebes Java. To know the process can be done by the method of observation, and participation. Processed red onion products produce added value that can be analyzed by Hayami method. The process of onion processing into fried onions consists of several stages, namely the provision of raw materials, onion gaebage, sorting, slicing onion, affixing onion with flour, frying, pressing, packaging. The process of onion treatment into fried onions is called value added. The added value obtained in this study amounted to Rp 9549.65 / Kg BB.Keywords: Fried Onion, Hayami Method, Added Value.
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Vout, Caroline. "(L.) Golden Ed. Raising the Eyebrow. John Onians and World Art Studies. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2001. Pp. viii + 366, ill. £45. 1841712779." Journal of Hellenic Studies 123 (November 2003): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246313.
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Metrani, Rita, Jashbir Singh, Pratibha Acharya, Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil. "Comparative Metabolomics Profiling of Polyphenols, Nutrients and Antioxidant Activities of Two Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars." Plants 9, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091077.
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Onion is among the most widely cultivated and consumed economic crops. Onions are an excellent dietary source of polyphenols and nutrients. However, onions phytonutrient compositions vary with cultivars and growing locations. Therefore, the present study involved the evaluation of polyphenol, nutritional composition (proteins, nitrogen, and minerals), sugars, pyruvate, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition activities of red onion cultivars, sweet Italian, and honeysuckle grown in California and Texas, respectively. The total flavonoid for honeysuckle and sweet Italian was 449 and 345 μg/g FW, respectively. The total anthocyanin for honeysuckle onion was 103 μg/g FW, while for sweet Italian onion was 86 μg/g FW. Cyanidin-3-(6”-malonoylglucoside) and cyanidin-3-(6”-malonoyl-laminaribioside) were the major components in both the cultivars. The pungency of red onions in honeysuckle ranged between 4.9 and 7.9 μmoL/mL, whereas in sweet Italian onion ranged from 8.3 to 10 μmoL/mL. The principal component analysis was applied to determine the most important variables that separate the cultivars of red onion. Overall results indicated that total flavonoids, total phenolic content, total anthocyanins, protein, and calories for honeysuckle onions were higher than the sweet Italian onions. These results could provide information about high quality and adding value to functional food due to the phytochemicals and nutritional composition of red onions.
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Mullinix, Benjamin, Bryan Maw, and Steve Lahue. "Modelling Moisture Loss of Onions in Storage Using Moisture Loss Information Obtained from Individually Measured Onions." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 598A—598. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.598a.
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Vidalia onions were grown following recommended cultural practices in 1994-1996 and they were harvested at early, optimum, or late maturity. After onions were cured for various lengths of time, a random sample of onions was marked for individual measurement. All onions were placed into either low or high humidity A/C controlled storage for up to 30 weeks. Onions were removed as they showed signs of being rotten. Initially, and every 2 weeks thereafter, weight and grade data were collected from individual onions and in bulk from other onions. There were up to 96 treatment combinations each year. Using individual onion data, simulation of the weight loss of the bulked onions was done. Although over 5,000 onions were involved, individual measurements were taken on only 1,920 onions over the 3 years. Five simulations were conducted using parameters derived from individual onion data. Results of the simulations resembled the actual weight loss trends within the specified 90% confidence range.
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Lee, Sang Mi, Dami Kim, and Young-Suk Kim. "The Effects of Antioxidants on the Changes in Volatile Compounds in Heated Welsh Onions (Allium fistulosum L.) during Storage." Molecules 27, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 2674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092674.
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Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) is usually used to enhance the flavor characteristics of various foods. Volatile compounds in Welsh onions, including sulfur-containing compounds, may vary during heat process and storage. Accordingly, the changes in the volatile compounds in Welsh onions, subjected to heat and antioxidant (ascorbic acid and glutathione) treatments during storage, are investigated in the present study. The majority of sulfur-containing compounds in Welsh onions showed significant differences between the untreated Welsh onions and heated Welsh onions. During the heating of the Welsh onions, some sulfur-containing compounds, such as 2-methylthiirane, 1-(methyldisulfanyl)prop-1-ene, 1-[[(E)-prop-1-enyl]disulfanyl]propane, 1-(propyltrisulfanyl)propane, 1-[[(E)-prop-1-enyl]trisulfanyl]propane, and (methyltetrasulfanyl)methane, showed significant differences between the untreated and heated Welsh onions (p < 0.05). In addition, partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to discriminate the heated Welsh onion samples added with different antioxidants. The heated Welsh onion samples added with ascorbic acid was mainly associated with 2-phenylacetaldehyde, acetic acid, methylsulfanylmethane, prop-2-ene-1-thiol, undecan-2-one, and (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal. Moreover, the key volatile compounds in the heated Welsh onion samples added with glutathione were 3-ethylthiophene, 1-(methyldisulfanyl)-1-methylsulfanylpropane, 1-methylsulfanylpentane, 2-prop-2-enylsulfanylpropane, and 1-propan-2-ylsulfanylbutane.
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Van_Epenhuijsen, C. W., S. K. Wimalaratne, K. G. Somerfield, D. I. Hedderley, B. B. C. Page, and D. W. Brash. "Control of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) adults and eggs with phosphine." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4840.
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Onion thrips are a major pest of New Zealand onion and asparagus exports Onions are generally treated with methyl bromide if export shipments are contaminated with thrips Phosphine is a possible alternative fumigant for disinfestation particularly as it is less likely to have phytotoxic effects on onions than methyl bromide This research aimed to identify a short duration (23 day) phosphine treatment protocol using cylinderised phosphine that gave complete control of onion thrips adults and eggs without causing a decline in onion bulb quality Adults and egg life stages of onion thrips were treated with two concentrations of phosphine (700 and 1100 ppm) for either 48 or 72 h at a mean temperature of 20C Phosphine was applied directly to adult thrips that had been collected and held in jars as well as to infested onions None of the treated adults survived and none of the treated eggs hatched and survived after 48 h exposure to phosphine fumigation at a mean concentration of 706 ppm There were no visible signs of phytotoxicity following phosphine treatment It is recommended that this treatment regime is tested at a larger scale on stored onions infested with onion thrips
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Kwon, Young-Seok, Kwang-Soo Cho, Ju-Seong Im, Eung-Ho Lee, and Won-Bae Kim. "(49) Effects of Sowing Time and Tray Size for Production of Onion." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1055C—1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1055c.
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Onions are a major vegetables in Korea. Short-day onions are grown in more than 95% in southern area of South Korea, and long-day onions are grown above 600-m altitude in the highlands. Onion cultivation in the highland areas has become difficult for farmers to obtain high income but stable production because of higher cost of seed and the intensive labor involved in production. Consequently, onion set culture by inexpensive onion seeds compared with expensive F1 seed has an advantage due to the higher proportion of marketable size bulbs. This study was conducted to find out the suitable sowing time and tray size for onion set culture in the highlands—the earlier the sowing time, the higher the number of onions set. The most appropriate sowing date and 1.6–3.5 g of onion set size was early to middle May, also with the highest distribution percentage. The highest set number (780.8 set/m2) of suitable onion set size (1.6–3.5 g) were harvested from the 288 trays, followed by 770 set from the bed (9 g/m2 of seed sowed), and (7/m2 of seed sowed) in the 406 tray.
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Larushin, N. P., V. F. Pivovarov, O. N. Kuharev, and Yu A. Vershinin. "Complex machines for the production of onions on resource-saving technologies." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-141-145.
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Relevance. The most common and most mastered method of growing onions, used in the middle zone of the Russian Federation, as well as in the northern part of European countries, is the cultivation of turnip onions from onion. It is believed that this method provides 75% of the production of the entire onion harvest. Due to the sharp increase in the prices of energy carriers, fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural machinery, the production of sharp varieties of onions, grown in the crop, has become unprofitable, and marketable products have lost competitiveness due to high costs. Significant changes in the reduction of labor costs can be achieved by improving the technology and technical means for the production of onions, creating conditions for their work. The effectiveness of designs for sowing seeds of onions, onion sets and planting onions-uterus is determined by the uniform distribution of the bulbs by area of nutrition, depth and their embedding.Results. The material presented in the work is devoted to the analysis of designs and some results of studies of a complex of machines for the production of onions developed in the Penza GAU.
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Seredin, T. M., A. F. Agafonov, E. V. Baranova, V. V. Shumilina, R. I. Omarov, and A. V. Soldatenko. "New grades of onions cultures by selection of federal scientific center of vegetable growing." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2009-03.
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Work on studying and creation of new grades of onions cultures was carried out in the Moscow region, the Odintsovo district, FGBNU «Federal scientific center of vegetable growing». As a result of long-term researches, and in particular, for the last five years in laboratory of selection and seed farming of onions cultures more than ten grades were created. From them one grade of garlic winter Lyudmila, one grade of the onion reddening the Charodey, one grade of shallot onion the Dachnaya sonata. Of onions the reddening Charodey was entered in the State register of selection achievements of the Russian Federation in 2018, garlic winter Lyudmila in 2019. In selection work with garlic winter and and shallot onion used a method of clonal selection. In collection nursery of garlic winter 200 exemplars of various eko-geographical origin were used. In 2016 the perspective exemplar of garlic winter at No. 78 which was registered further as a grade Lyudmila was allocated, its bulbs can be used for receiving powder and paste. The collection nursery of an shallot onion for years of researches was presented by 45 high-quality exemplars of various eko-geographical origin. Also in 2018 the perspective exemplar of an shallot onion at No. 39 was allocated and transferred to the State commission on grades the same year under the name the Dachnaya sonata. Now a shallot onion grade the Dachnaya sonata passes test in State commission on grades. It should be noted that in collection nursery of laboratory of selection and seed farming of onions cultures exemplars were allocated: garlic winter, onions many-tier, garlic onions (rockamball), Welsh onion on the main economic and valuable signs: high winter hardiness, high food qualities, resistance to diseases and wreckers, good ability of bulbs to be stored up to ten months (garlic winter, garlic onions). Now further selection work on creation of new grades and maintaining of the grades created earlier is conducted.
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Ariyanti, Ariyanti, Erma Prihastanti, and Much Azam. "RADIASI PLASMA PIJAR KORONA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KANDUNGAN NITROGEN TOTAL BAWANG MERAH DAN BAWANG BOMBAY." BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) 6, no. 2 (December 21, 2019): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v6i2.2693.
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Shallots and onions are one of the leading vegetable commodities consumed by the public. The supply of these two onion varieties in Indonesia is not available at all times because is done seasonally. Therefore it is necessary to increase the cultivation, one of which is through the addition of nitrogen through plasma technology. This study to determine the effect of giving plasma nitrogen through plasma technology to the growth of bima onion brebes and grano onions. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments with 5 replications. Plasma radiation is carried out on onion seeds and onions with a radiation interval of 15 and 30 minutes. The growth parameters observed were shoot growth time, growth percentage, root length, number of roots, plant height, number of shoots, and nitrogen content. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT Test at 95% confidence level. The results showed that the onion irradiated by plasma for 15 minutes could increase growth and total nitrogen content, while in onions, the highest yield was precisely in the control treatment (0 minute radiation). In onions, plasma administration can inhibit growth and total nitrogen content 0,31%, but can increase the number of roots.
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LIEBERMAN, VANESSA M., IRENE Y. ZHAO, DONALD W. SCHAFFNER, MICHELLE D. DANYLUK, and LINDA J. HARRIS. "Survival or Growth of Inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on Yellow Onions (Allium cepa) under Conditions Simulating Food Service and Consumer Handling and Storage." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-281.
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Whole and diced yellow onions (Allium cepa) were inoculated with five-strain cocktails of rifampin-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Salmonella and stored under conditions to simulate food service or consumer handling. The inoculum was grown in broth (for both whole and diced onion experiments) or on agar plates (for whole onion experiments). Marked circles (3.3 cm in diameter) on the outer papery skin of whole onions were spot inoculated (10 μl in 10 drops) at 7 log CFU per circle, and onions were stored at 4°C, 30 to 50% relative humidity, or at ambient conditions (23°C, 30 to 50% relative humidity). Diced onions were inoculated at 3 log CFU/g and then stored in open or closed containers at 4°C or ambient conditions. Previously inoculated and ambient-stored diced onions were also mixed 1:9 (wt/wt) with refrigerated uninoculated freshly diced onions and stored in closed containers at ambient conditions. Inoculated pathogens were recovered in 0.1% peptone and plated onto selective and nonselective media supplemented with 50 μg/ml rifampin. Both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella populations declined more rapidly on onion skins when the inoculum was prepared in broth rather than on agar. Agar-prepared E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella declined by 0.4 and 0.3 log CFU per sample per day, respectively, at ambient conditions; at 4°C the rates of reduction were 0.08 and 0.06 log CFU per sample per day for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, respectively. Populations of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella did not change over 6 days of storage at 4°C in diced onions. Lag times of 6 to 9 h were observed with freshly inoculated onion at ambient conditions; no lag was observed when previously inoculated and uninoculated onions were mixed. Growth rates at ambient conditions were 0.2 to 0.3 log CFU/g/h for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in freshly inoculated onion and 0.2 log CFU/g/h in mixed product. Diced onions support pathogen growth and should be kept refrigerated.
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Tutova, T. N., T. E. Ivanova, E. V. Sokolova, and L. A. Nesmelova. "Influence of seed onion planting time on productivity and quality of bulb onion varieties." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 949, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/949/1/012082.
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Abstract Vegetable crops play an important role in human nutrition. They contain the necessary organic acids, mineral salts, vitamins and other useful substances. The most popular among vegetables in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic are white cabbage, carrots and table beets, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes and various types of onions. Among onion crops, leeks and shallots are grown in small quantities; among perennial onions - welsh onions, chives and tree onions. The most common among the population is common onion grown mainly for bulbs, in small quantities - for greens. The study of the planting timing of onion varieties’ seeds is relevant. The studies’ results of the influence of the seed onion planting time on the yield and product quality of common onion varieties in the open ground of the Udmurt Republic are presented. Spicy varieties Stuttgarter Riesen and Shetana were selected for the study. Along with the early spring planting date adopted in Udmurtia, the fall seed onion planting was also studied (September 20, September 30, October 10, October 20). Phenological observations revealed that common onion plants of the standard variety Stuttgarter Riesen entered the leaf lodging and harvesting phases on average three days earlier than the studied variety Shetana. In terms of yield, Stuttgarter Riesen onion surpassed Shetana by 6.8 t/ha (28%) and had a higher content of dry matter, water-soluble sugars and ascorbic acid in the bulbs. Autumn planting dates led to a decrease in all the studied parameters of bulb onion.
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Ambrose, Dawn C. P. "Engineering Properties of Peeled and Unpeeled Multiplier Onion." Current Agriculture Research Journal 8, no. 3 (December 28, 2020): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.8.3.09.
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Multiplier onion (Allium cepa L. var aggregatum. Don.) is mainly used for its unique flavour in seasoning dishes. The unpeeled onions are processed at farm level by means of primary processing and by secondary processing various products like paste, flakes, powder could be produced from peeled onions. For the design of processing and handling equipment knowledge of engineering properties is essential. The engineering properties of peeled and unpeeled multiplier onion were determined. The average values of the physical properties of unpeeled onion were recorded for bulk density and true density as 636.621 and 1526.825 kg/m3 respectively. Similarly for peeled onions, the bulk and true density were 627.03 and 1108.74 kg/m3 respectively. The moisture present in peeled and unpeeled onion was 77.66 % and 74.43% (w.b) respectively. The TSS of multiplier onion was found to be 20° Brix for both peeled and unpeeled samples. The colour values were also measured using colour flex meter for the peeled and unpeeled onions. The frictional properties including coefficient of friction, filling and emptying angle of repose were also measured. Mechanical properties were determined by using a texture analyser. The firmness was measured in terms of penetrating force and crushing strength which were recorded to be 8.59 N and 124.93 N respectively for peeled and 12.00 N and 138.35 N respectively for unpeeled onions.
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Greenland, Richard G. "Optimum Height at Which to Kill Barley Used as a Living Mulch in Onions." HortScience 35, no. 5 (August 2000): 853–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.5.853.
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Planting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a living mulch with onions (Allium cepa L.) reduces soil erosion and protects the onions from wind damage. It can also reduce yield and size of onion bulbs if not managed correctly. In a 4-year study at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site in North Dakota, barley was planted in the spring at the same time that onions were direct-seeded. Barley rows were planted either parallel with or perpendicular to the onion rows. Barley was killed with fluazifop-P herbicide when ≈13, 18, 23, or 30 cm tall. Onion size and yields were reduced when barley was allowed to grow taller than 18 cm before killing it. Total onion yield was usually greater when barley was planted parallel with, rather than perpendicular to, onion rows. Chemical name used: (R)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fluazifop-P).
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Greenland, Richard G. "Optimum Height at Which to Kill Barley Used as a Living Mulch in Onions." HortTechnology 11, no. 1 (January 2001): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.1.151.
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Planting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a living mulch with onions (Allium cepa L.) reduces soil erosion and protects the onions from wind damage. It can also reduce yield and size of onion bulbs if not managed correctly. In a 4-year study at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site in North Dakota, barley was planted in the spring at the same time that onions were direct-seeded. Barley rows were planted either parallel with or perpendicular to the onion rows. Barley was killed with fluazifop-P herbicide when ≈13, 18, 23, or 30 cm tall. Onion size and yields were reduced when barley was allowed to grow taller than 18 cm before killing it. Total onion yield was usually greater when barley was planted parallel with, rather than perpendicular to, onion rows. Chemical name used: (R)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fluazifop-P).
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Victors, Jesse, Ming Li, and Xinwen Fu. "The Onion Name System." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2017, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2017-0003.
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Abstract Tor onion services, also known as hidden services, are anonymous servers of unknown location and ownership that can be accessed through any Torenabled client. They have gained popularity over the years, but since their introduction in 2002 still suffer from major usability challenges primarily due to their cryptographically-generated non-memorable addresses. In response to this difficulty, in this work we introduce the Onion Name System (OnioNS), a privacy-enhanced decentralized name resolution service. OnioNS allows Tor users to reference an onion service by a meaningful globally-unique verifiable domain name chosen by the onion service administrator.We construct OnioNS as an optional backwards-compatible plugin for Tor, simplify our design and threat model by embedding OnioNS within the Tor network, and provide mechanisms for authenticated denial-of-existence with minimal networking costs. We introduce a lottery-like system to reduce the threat of land rushes and domain squatting. Finally, we provide a security analysis, integrate our software with the Tor Browser, and conduct performance tests of our prototype.
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Shock, Clinton C., Erik B. G. Feibert, and Lamont D. Saunders. "Short-duration Water Stress Decreases Onion Single Centers without Causing Translucent Scale." HortScience 42, no. 6 (October 2007): 1450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.6.1450.
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Single centeredness has become an important onion attribute for marketing because of the use of onions in food products such as onion rings. Although onion single centeredness is largely cultivar dependent, it may also be influenced by growing conditions. These trials tested the effects of early-season, short-duration water stress on onion single centeredness. The effects of the short-duration water stress were also evaluated on onion yield, grade, and translucent scale. Translucent scale is a physiological disorder thought to be influenced by water stress. Onions were drip irrigated automatically at a soil water tension (SWT) of 20 kPa and were submitted to short-duration water stress in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Onions in each treatment were stressed once at either the two-leaf, four-leaf, early six-leaf, late six-leaf, or eight-leaf stage and were compared with a minimally stressed control. Onions were stressed by interrupting irrigations until the SWT at a 0.2-m depth reached 60 kPa, at which time the irrigations were resumed. Onion single centeredness was reduced by short-duration water stress in 2003 and 2005. Onions were sensitive to the formation of multiple centers with water stress at the four-leaf to late six-leaf stages. The 2004 growing season was characterized by cool, moist conditions, and water stress did not affect single centeredness. Among all treatments and years, marketable yield was only reduced in 2005, with stress at the four-leaf and eight-leaf stages. The incidence of translucent scale was very low each year and was not related to early-season water stress.
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CHANCELLOR, DAVID D., SHACHI TYAGI, MICHAEL C. BAZACO, SARA BACVINSKAS, MICHAEL B. CHANCELLOR, VIRGINIA M. DATO, and FERNANDO DE MIGUEL. "Green Onions: Potential Mechanism for Hepatitis A Contamination." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.6.1468.
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The largest documented foodborne hepatitis A outbreak in U.S. history occurred in November 2003. The source of that outbreak was green onions from a farm in Mexico. Two biomarkers were used to determine ways in which hepatitis A virus (HAV) can contaminate onions. Fluorescent microspheres (1.0 to 10 μm) and HAV vaccine were placed on the soil and the surfaces of pot-grown onions and in the liquid medium of hydroponically cultivated onions. Reverse transcription PCR (RTPCR) was used to identify HAV RNA. Microspheres were found on the outside and inside of the pot-grown onions for up to 60 days. RT-PCR revealed HAV RNA from the vaccine in well-washed green onions. In the hydroponically grown onions, microspheres were found throughout the onion after only 1 day. RT-PCR also revealed HAV RNA inside the hydroponically grown onions. Both biomarkers support the hypothesis that HAV can contaminate the inside of the growing onion and can be taken up intracellularly through the roots. Once inside, the particles are impossible to remove by cleaning.
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Mlynarek, Julia J., Maggie MacDonald, Kathrin Sim, Kim Hiltz, Mary Ruth McDonald, and Suzanne Blatt. "Oviposition, Feeding Preferences and Distribution of Delia Species (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in Eastern Canadian Onions." Insects 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110780.
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Delia antiqua, Delia platura and Delia florilega are three root maggot species commonly considered pests in Eastern Canadian onions. The onion maggot, D. antiqua, is considered the primary root maggot pest in onion but it remains unclear whether the other two species are also causing damage. In order to develop updated management strategies for root maggot, we tested adult oviposition and feeding preference by Delia larvae on four growth stages of onion using bioassays and we determined the Delia species composition across the four major onion growing regions in eastern Canada. Delia species oviposit readily on onion at the 5–7 true leaf growth stage but damage on onions is not statistically different between Delia species in our zero-inflated models. The four eastern Canadian onion growing regions have different proportions of Delia species. Southern Ontario and Quebec were the only two regions where Delia antiqua was collected. The highest average numbers of Delia spp. were caught in Quebec and Nova Scotia. Our study shows that timing is important in implementation of management strategies for root maggot in Eastern Canadian onions.
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Ostrowska, Ewa, Nicholas K. Gabler, Sam J. Sterling, Brendan G. Tatham, Rodney B. Jones, David R. Eagling, Mark Jois, and Frank R. Dunshea. "Consumption of brown onions (Alliumcepavar.cavalierand var.destiny) moderately modulates blood lipids, haematological and haemostatic variables in healthy pigs." British Journal of Nutrition 91, no. 2 (February 2004): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20031036.
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Although garlic and onions have long been associated with putative cardiovascular health benefits, the effects of different commercially available onions and level of intake have not been studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential health benefits of raw onions using the pig as a biomedical model. Twenty-five female (Large White×Landrace) pigs were used in a (2×2)+1 factorial experiment. Pigs were fed a standard grower diet supplemented with 100 g tallow/kg with the addition ofAllium cepavar.cavalieror var.destinyat 0, 10 or 25 g/MJ digestible energy for 6 weeks. Overall, the consumption of onions resulted in significant reductions in plasma triacylglycerol; however, the reductions were most pronounced in pigs feddestinyonions (−26 %,P=0·042). Total plasma cholesterol and LDL:HDL ratios were not significantly different. Onion supplementation, regardless of the variety, resulted in dose-dependent reductions in erythrocyte counts and Hb levels, while the white blood cell concentrations, particularly lymphocytes, were increased in pigs that consumed onions. Furthermore, indices of blood clotting were largely unaffected by onion consumption. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with raw brown onions has moderate lipid-modulating and immunostimulatory properties. However, daily onion intake >25 g/MJ digestible energy could be detrimental to erythrocyte numbers.
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Lestari, Dwi, Wirnawati Wirnawati, Fitriyanti Fitriyanti, and Maulina Rahmawati Putri. "PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN INSTAN BAWANG DAYAK PADA IBU PKK KELURAHAN AIR PUTIH SAMARINDA." Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Kita 1, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/asta.v1i1.94.
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Dayak Onion has been used for generations by the Dayak community as a medicinal plant which is a medicine for various types of diseases such as breast cancer, high blood-lowering drugs (hypertension), diabetes (diabetes mellitus), cholesterol-lowering, boils, bowel cancer, preventing stroke. The aim of community service is to provide continuous training in making instant powder of Dayak onions with the specified standards so as to produce quality and worthy instant powder. The method of implementation includes licensing and introductions with the PKK of Air Putih village, the provisioning of Dayak onion planting and post-harvest technology, material on the technique of sorting the instant formula of dayak onions, making instant onions, the material and practice of packaging instant preparations. licensing and sales of Dayak onions, which are packed with counseling materials and brochures. For the manufacture of Onion Dayak Instant preparations in the UMKT Natural Materials Chemistry laboratory. Instant Onion Dayak preparations have the right formula so that it is suitable for use in household scale production processes. The ingredients are Dayak onions, granulated sugar, palm sugar, cinnamon and orange leaves. Cinnamon and orange leaves are used as a scent on preparations. Evaluation and monitoring also need to be done from the Kelurahan and facilitators from Muhammadiyah University of East Kalimantan to see the empowerment of PKK Air Putih Village mothers in economic independence related to the production of instant dayak onions. The next plan is to collaborate with the Samarinda City Industrial Office related to production and packaging guidance and licensing
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Subiantoro, Sigit, and Lia Andriani Santoso. "PERANCANGAN ALAT BANTU PENGERINGAN BAWANG MERAH HASIL PANEN." Jurnal Dimensi Seni Rupa dan Desain 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/dim.v7i2.1042.
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AbstractRed onion ( Allium cepa var. Ascalonicum) is an agricultural product that has high economic value if compared to other types of onions. Red onions is user for seaasoning and medicine almost in all the countries of the world. Red onion is one of the leading commodities in Indonesia and may people has done intensive research in the several areas and production centers, The red onion is very sensitive to temperature and humadity when compared with other types of onions. Many farmers suffered losses in red onions caused by changes in the weather. The change of weather that causes damage to the onions are usually because of the drying of the onion after harvest is not optimal. From the result of the reseach and analysis that been done, it can be proved that the drying of the red onion is very dependent on the weather. Therefore, paper explains the design process of red onion drying's tool and house that can maximize the drying process with optimize the air circulation and it can protect the red onions from bad weather. Abstrakbawang merah ( Allium cepa var. Ascalonicum) merupakan hasil pertanian yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi juka dibandingkan dengan jenis bawang lainnya. Bawang merah digunakan untuk bumbu dan obat-obatan hampir di semua negara di dunia. Bawang merah adalah salah satu komoditi unggulan di Indonesia dan banyak orang telah melakukan berbagai riset intensif di beberapa daerah dan sentra-sentra produksi. Bawang merah sangat sensitif terhadap suhu dan kelembaban udara bila dibandingkan dengan jenis banwang lainnya. Banyak petani bawang merah menderita kerugian yang disebabkan oleh perubahan cuaca. Perubahan cuaca mengakibatkan kerusakan pada bawang karena proses pengeringan pada bawang merah hasil panen tidak berlangsung optimal. dari hasuil penelitian dan analisa yang telah dilakukan, dapat membuktikan bahwa proses pengeringan bawang merah sangat bergantung pada cuaca. Oleh karena itu pada tulisan ini memaparkan proses perancangan alat dan rumah pengeringan bawang merah yang dapat memaksimalkan proses pengeringan dengan cara mengoptimalkan sirkulasi udara dan dapat melindungi bawang merah dari cuaca buruk
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Bishop, B., E. Grafius, P. Henry, R. Maier, and K. Roragen. "Onion Maggot Control, 1988:." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.130.
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Abstract A trial designed to evaluate resistance of a local onion maggot population to Lorsban and Dyfonate was carried out at Dyk Brothers’ farm near Grant, Mich. Onions (‘Downing Yellow Globe’) were planted on 22 Apr. Plots were double rows, 20 ft long. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. All granular materials were applied in the furrow with the seed using a V-belt planter. Drenches were applied in a 2-3-inch band at the base of the plant using a hand-held sprayer at 50 gal/acre with a single nozzle directed over the row. A 50-plant section in each of the 2 rows of each plot (100 plants/plot total) was marked with stakes prior to the first injury (19 May). The number of surviving onions (percent stand) was counted at approximately weekly intervals. The percentage of damaged onions was calculated for each date by dividing the number of surviving onions showing visible onion maggot damage by the total number of surviving onions on that date. Density of initial stand number (row-ft/100 plants on 19 May) was measured on 22 Jun. Onions in a 10-ft section of both rows of each plot (20 ft total/plot) were harvested on 19 Aug. Harvested bulbs were sorted into marketable or damaged (onion maggot damage or nonmaggot damage) groups.
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Lee, Jongtae, Sunkyoung Hwang, Seongtae Lee, Injong Ha, Haejun Hwang, Sangdae Lee, and Juyeon Kim. "Comparison Study on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Plant Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Uptakes in Bulb Onion from Organic and Conventional Systems." HortScience 49, no. 12 (December 2014): 1563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.12.1563.
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This study aimed to compare agricultural practices, soil physical and chemical properties, growth characteristics, and nutrient uptake of bulb onions from organic and conventional farms in southeastern Korea during the 2011–12 growing season. Soil and plant samples were collected from eight certified organic fields managed organically for more than 5 years and eight conventional fields adjacent to the organic fields. The amounts of nutrients applied to onion fields were approximately two times greater with the conventional methods than with organic methods. However, the soil physical and chemical properties were not significantly different between the organic and conventional systems, except for NO3-N in early May. Growth characteristics were significantly different in early April with organic bulb yield of 55.9 t·ha−1, which was 21.8% lower than conventionally produced onions. Yield reduction in organic onions was the result of lower large-sized (8 cm or greater) bulb yield compared with conventional production. In the conventional system, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content of leaf tissue in early April, and nitrogen (N) and P content of bulb tissue in early May were higher than those in the organic system. Uptake of all nutrients was greater in the conventional onions compared with the organic onions, except for leaf tissue at harvest. In conclusion, organic onions began to grow and absorb soil nutrients later than the conventional onions in the initial vegetative growth stage. Moreover, it led to an organic onion producing a lower bulb yield. To accelerate the initial growth of the organic onion plant, agricultural practices need to be modified. Modifications that may help include using larger sized seedlings at transplanting, covering the plants with nonwoven fabric or transparent plastic film to increase warmth during winter, and harvesting the onions 1 week later than the conventional onions.
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Kielak, Elżbieta, Maria Bielińska-Czarnecka, and Helena Różycka. "Changes in endogenous growth inhibitors in onion bulbs (Allium cepa L.) cv. Sochaczewska during storage." Acta Agrobotanica 41, no. 2 (2013): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1988.016.
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Changes in inhibitor activity in the onion bulbs (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) cv. Sochaczewska during storage were investigated. Onions were dried under an umbrella roof until October 15th or November 15th and thereafter stored in a cold-room at 0-1°C until May 15th. The activity of inhibitors fluctuated markedly during the storage period. At least two peaks and two decreases of inhibitor activity were observed. The weather conditions seemed to strongly influence the level and the date of appearance of inhibitors in onions. Higher inhibitor activity is usually connected with better storage and less sprouting of onions during storage. Prolonged drying under an umbrella roof enhanced onion quality after storage only in these cases when it actually improved the drying of onions.
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Brown, Douglas. "Atlas of World Art2005320Edited by John Onians. Atlas of World Art. London: Laurence King 2004. 352 pp., ISBN: 1 85669 377 5 £75, $150." Reference Reviews 19, no. 6 (September 2005): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120510613382.
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Sibirev, A. V., A. S. Dorokhov, and A. G. Aksenov. "Substantiation of constructive and technological parameters of a cylindrical cleaner of soil impurities of onion harvester." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66416.
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A special feature of harvesting onion is that the composition of the impurities of the onion-soil heap coming from digging up to the separating working organs is soil lumps commensurate in size with onion bulbs, which are difficult to separate into slit (bar elevators, screens) working organs. Secondary separation of onion on the most common secondary separation devices - pinholes - is restrained by the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of the harvested onions. In well-ripened onions with dead tops the roll-off angles are clearly separated from the rolling-off angles of plant and small soil impurities, but when the undersized tops are separated, it is difficult to separate bulbs and impurities from the paltry hill. The separation of root crops and onions from impurities in mechanical separators is based on the physico-mechanical properties of the interacting products: friction coefficients, surface shape factors, speed recovery coefficients, mass, density and strength characteristics. This circumstance is caused by the fact that the excretion of soil lumps on the slit working bodies (rod conveyors and screens) occurs according to dimensional features and this does not lead to the solution of the existing problem: the separation of soil lumps commensurate in size with onion bulbs. The article presents the design of a cylindrical soil purifier that ensures the maximum completeness of separation of a heap of onions from soil impurities, including from commensurate soil lumps. The results of theoretical studies of a cylindrical soil purifier on the substantiation of structural and process parameters during the separation of onion-seed heap from soil impurities are presented.
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Feibert, Erik B. G., Clinton C. Shock, and Lamont D. Saunders. "A Comparison of Onion Production Under Sprinkler, Subsurface Drip, and Furrow Irrigation." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 839A—839. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.839a.
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Onion yield and grade were compared under sprinkler, subsurface drip, and furrow irrigation in 1992, 1993, and 1994. Furrow-irrigated onions were planted on two double rows on 1.12-m-wide beds at 352,000 seeds/ha. Sprinkler- and drip-irrigated onions were planted in nine single rows on a 2.24-m-wide bed at 432,100 seeds/acre. Drip plots had three drip lines buried 0.10 m deep in each 2.24-m bed. Soil water potential at 0.2-m depth was measured by tensiometers and granular matrix sensors (Watermark Model 200SS, Irrometer Co., Riverside, Calif.). Furrow irrigations were started when the soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth reached –25 kPa. Drip-irrigated onions had soil water potential at the 0.2-m depth kept wetter than –25 kPa by daily replacement of crop evapotranspiration (Etc). Sprinkler irrigations were started when the accumulated Etc reached 25 mm. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993 and 1994. Sprinkler irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1993. Drip irrigation resulted in significantly higher onion yield than furrow irrigation every year. Drip irrigation resulted in higher marketable onion yield than furrow irrigation in 1992 and 1994. Marketable onion yield was reduced in 1993 due to rot during storage.
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Cramer, Christopher S., Subhankar Mandal, Suman Sharma, Seyed Shahabedddin Nourbakhsh, Irwin Goldman, and Ivette Guzman. "Recent Advances in Onion Genetic Improvement." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030482.
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Onions are one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide. However, their production faces many challenges. Genetic improvement is one mechanism to address those challenges. In this review, we discuss recent research pertaining to the diseases Fusarium basal rot and Iris yellow spot, the insect pest onion thrips, onion pungency, and dormancy. Recent research for screening onion bulbs for Fusarium basal rot resistance has resulted in improved screening techniques and germplasm exhibiting less disease when inoculated with the disease-causing pathogen. Improved screening methods have resulted in germplasm exhibiting fewer and less severe Iris yellow spot symptoms when onion thrips and conducive environmental conditions are present. Onion germplasm with less and differing compositions of epicuticular wax on their leaves have shown a nonpreference for thrips feeding and have the potential for developing thrips tolerant cultivars. Conventional breeding efforts and genetic manipulation of the genes producing alliinase and lachrymatory factor synthase has resulted in low pungency, tearless onions. In long-day onions, an annual generation time has been achieved by artificially breaking bulb dormancy early while ensuring proper vernalization has been completed. Genetic improvement of these and many other onion traits will continue and result in better production in the future.
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Shock, Clinton C., Erik B. G. Feibert, Alicia Rivera, and Kyle D. Wieland. "Onion Yield and Internal Quality Increased by Straw Mulch and Reduced by Artificial Heat, but Not Affected by Kaolin Particle Film." HortScience 57, no. 11 (November 2022): 1480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16829-22.
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Onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs produced in the Pacific Northwest of the United States in 2014 and 2015 had unusually high incidence of internal decay. This decay was not detectable externally, leading to marketing problems when bulbs were packed and shipped to markets. The onion growing seasons in 2014 and 2015 were unusually hot, suggesting a connection of heat stress to bulb internal decay. Field studies to investigate the effect of temperature on onion bulb internal decay and yield were conducted in 2016–18 with drip-irrigated onions at the Oregon State University, Malheur Experiment Station located in eastern Oregon. Two long-day onion cultivars were submitted to four cultural practice variations to affect soil and bulb temperatures: bare soil check, supplemental heat using electric heat cables, white kaolinite clay application to the bulb sides and soil surface, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw mulch. The treatments established significant midafternoon average bulb and soil surface temperature gradients in the following order of increasing temperature: straw mulch, kaolinite, check, and supplemental heat. Averaged over years and cultivars, straw-mulched onions had the highest yield of bulbs larger than 102 mm diameter. Averaged over years and cultivars, onions receiving supplemental heat had the lowest total and marketable yield with no difference among the other treatments. Straw mulched onions had higher total and marketable yield than the bare soil check treatment in 2017, the hottest year. Averaged over the 3 years and two cultivars, marketable yield and yield of bulbs larger than 102 mm diameter decreased with increasing midafternoon bulb temperatures. Kaolinite application did not increase bulb yield nor bulb size compared with the bare soil check. The incidence of internal bulb decay was low all 3 years. In 2017, onions receiving supplemental heat had the highest internal decay and the straw-mulched onions had among the lowest internal decay. There was little difference in the measured soil moisture among treatments. Straw mulching may attenuate the negative effects of excessive heat on yield and bulb internal quality for long day onion production.
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Havey, Michael J., Marita Cantwell, Meriel G. Jones, Richard W. Jones, Norman E. Schmidt, John Uhlig, J. F. Watson, and Kil Sun Yoo. "Significant Variation Exists Among Laboratories Measuring Onion Bulb Quality Traits." HortScience 37, no. 7 (December 2002): 1086–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1086.
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Onion pungency is a major quality attribute with many consumers demanding less pungent onions. In recent years, some growers and retailers have attempted to measure pungency of onions produced in different regions to guarantee a desired level of pungency. However, there are few data on the variability among laboratories using standardized protocols to estimate relative levels of pungencies. Onion cultivars were grown in replicated trials at three locations. Random samples of bulbs from each experimental unit were harvested and shipped to at least three cooperating laboratories, each of which measured soluble solids content (SSC) and pungencies using the same techniques. As expected, cultivars and environments showed significant (P < 0.001) differences. For all three trials, laboratories were a highly significant source of variation (P < 0.024 to 0.001) for measurements of SSC and pungency. Therefore, one cannot make recommendations on relative pungencies of the same lots of onions measured by different labs. The onion research community must identify specific procedures to reduce variation among laboratories to develop a more repeatable standardized assay for the measurement of onion pungency.
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Sibirev, A. V., A. G. Aksenov, P. A. Emel'yanov, and S. B. Pryamov. "Field research of a roller-scraper bar machine for harvesting onions." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 8 (August 15, 2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66319.
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The issue of improving the quality of mechanized harvesting of onion set, caused by the unsatisfactory process of separation of bulbs from strong soil lumps, is considered, because the slit working tools used for separation cannot allocate from the heap of onions commensurate in size strong soil lumps. In order to intensify the harvesting process of onion set during selection from rollers in order to exclude or reduce the capture by the receiving-digging part together with the bulbs of soil lumps and the supply of the onion-soil heap to the separating working organs, the roller-scraper bar in the machine is proposed for the first phase of onion harvesting. The constructive technological scheme and the general view of the machine for harvesting onions equipped with a roller-scraper bar, which intensifies the process of onion separation in the second phase of harvesting, are presented. The methods of carrying out field research of an experimental machine for harvesting onions are reflected, as well as qualitative indicators of machine operation in the field. Laboratory and field studies of an experimental machine for harvesting onions equipped with a roller-scraper bar were carried out on the fields of CJSC «Ozery» in the Moscow Region in 2015-2016 when harvesting onion of «Stuttgarter Riesen» variety. The results of research on the qualitative characteristics of onion set bulbs show that these indicators are higher in bulbs laid on a prepared bed and subsequently removed from the roll by a self-propelled combine harvester. It has been established that in the selection of bulbs for sowing from a roll laid on an unprepared surface of a field by a picker without a skating rink, the number of heavily damaged bulbs increases to 11,09 %, which is 5,56 % higher than the selection of bulbs from a roll with a prepared and profiled bed.
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Wright, Daniel, Erik Feibert, Stuart Reitz, Clint Shock, and Joy Waite-Cusic. "Field Evidence Supporting Conventional Onion Curing Practices as a Strategy To Mitigate Escherichia coli Contamination from Irrigation Water." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 3 (February 7, 2018): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-231.
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ABSTRACT The Produce Safety Rule of the U.S. Food Safety Modernization Act includes restrictions on the use of agricultural water of poor microbiological quality. Mitigation options for poor water quality include the application of an irrigation-to-harvest interval of <4 days; however, dry bulb onion production includes an extended irrigation-to-harvest interval (<30 days). This study evaluated conventional curing practices for mitigating Escherichia coli contamination in a field setting. Well water inoculated with rifampin-resistant E. coli (1, 2, or 3 log CFU/mL) was applied to onion fields (randomized block design; n = 5) via drip tape on the final day of irrigation. Onions remained undisturbed for 7 days and were then lifted to the surface to cure for an additional 21 days before harvest. Water, onions, and soil were tested for presence of rifampin-resistant E. coli. One day after irrigation, 13.3% of onions (20 of 150) receiving the poorest quality water (3 log CFU/mL) tested positive for E. coli; this prevalence was reduced to 4% (6 of 150 onions) after 7 days. Regardless of inoculum level, E. coli was not detected on any onions beyond 15 days postirrigation. These results support conventional dry bulb onion curing practices as an effective strategy to mitigate microbiological concerns associated with poor quality irrigation water.
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Javer, A., A. D. Wynne, J. H. Borden, and G. J. R. Judd. "PINE OIL: AN OVIPOSITION DETERRENT FOR THE ONION MAGGOT, DELIA ANTIQUA (MEIGEN) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 119, no. 7-8 (August 1987): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent119605-7.
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AbstractPine oil (Norpine-65, Northwest Petrochemicals) was assessed as an oviposition deterrent for gravid female onion maggots, Delia antiqua (Meigen), in two types of laboratory experiments. When given a choice for 24 h between a control onion half treated with hexane and an onion half treated with pine oil in hexane, the females oviposited preferentially on or around the control onion half. In a no-choice experiment the females laid over three times as many eggs on or around solvent control onions as on or around onions treated with 1.0% pine oil. The DC50 (deterrent concentration50) was calculated to be 0.09%. The results suggest that pine oil (or its constituents) may have potential as an oviposition deterrent under field conditions.
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Piotrkowski, Meron M. "Onias and the Oniad Temple." Jewish Studies Quarterly 25, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/094457018x15154209777563.
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Iglesias, Lindsy, Michael J. Havey, and Brian A. Nault. "Management of Onion Thrips (Thrips tabaci) in Organic Onion Production Using Multiple IPM Tactics." Insects 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030207.
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Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) is a major pest in organic onion production and effective integrated pest management strategies are lacking. Our objective was to evaluate combinations of semi-glossy (“Rossa di Milano” and B5336AxB5351C) and waxy (“Bradley”) onion cultivars with reflective mulch, with or without biopesticides (spinosad + neem oil tank mix), to manage T. tabaci in organic onion production. Thrips densities were assessed weekly and bulbs graded and weighed at harvest. Onions sprayed with spinosad + neem oil had fewer T. tabaci (adults: 74% (2019); larvae: 40% (2018), 84% (2019) and produced higher yields (13% (2018), 23% (2019)) than onions that were unsprayed, regardless of mulch type or onion cultivar. “Rossa di Milano” had relatively fewer adult and larval thrips populations compared with “Bradley” (21% (2018), 32% (2019)) and B5336AxB5351C. However, “Rossa di Milano” had the lowest marketable yield in both years. Reflective mulch reduced densities on certain dates in both years compared to white mulch, but the largest and most consistent reduction only occurred in 2019. Reflective mulch had no impact on bulb yield. While spinosad + neem oil reduced thrips numbers and increased yield alone, none of the treatment combinations were effective at suppressing populations of thrips. Future T. tabaci management in organic onions will require optimization of the available effective biopesticides.
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Aliudin, Aliudin, Aris Supriyo Wibowo, Setiawan Sariyoga, and Mohamad Arief Setiawan. "Risk Control Of Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) Production On Surjan Land." International Journal of Ethno-Sciences and Education Research 1, no. 3 (July 7, 2021): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijeer.v1i3.296.
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Onion is one of the commodities of annual vegetable crops that have high economic value, a type of short-lived plant, can be propagated vegetatively or generatively, can be developed in low to highland areas and can be cultivated throughout the year. High demand for onions was not followed by supply of onion in the market. This is caused by high risks in the cultivation of Onions. As the theory of supply, the level of supply of a commodity will be affected by the amount of commodities produced. The research aims to analyze the risk factors for onion production and onion supply behavior. The method of this research was survey methode. The location of this research was at Tonjong, Kramatwatu subdistrict. The population of onions farmers was 117 farmers and the amount of the sample used in this research is 54 farmers. Sort of datas that used in this research were primary data and secondary data. The analysis data that used are risk analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the level of risk of onion in Tonjong Village was 1621.91 or 32 percent of the productivity value obtained by farmers. The source of the risks on Onion farming in Tonjong Village are climate and weather, pests and plant diseases, land fertility, and the effectiveness of using inputs. There are two factors that significantly influence the behavior of onion offering in Tonjong Village, the cost variable of fungicide and the variable cost of insecticide.
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Shock, C. C., L. B. Jensen, J. H. Hobson, M. Seddigh, B. M. Shock, L. D. Saunders, and T. D. Stieber. "Improving Onion Yield and Market Grade by Mechanical Straw Application to Irrigation Furrows." HortTechnology 9, no. 2 (January 1999): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.2.251.
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Onion (Allium cepa var. cepa L.) is extensively grown under furrow irrigation in the western United States. Wheel compaction of furrows increases water runoff and erosion, and can lead to poor lateral water movement and reduced yields. We studied the effects of 560 to 800 lb/acre (630 to 900 kg·ha-1) wheat straw mechanically applied to the bottom of irrigation furrows on yield and bulb size of sweet Spanish onions in commercial onion fields in 1988, 1990, and 1991, and at an experiment station in 1991 and 1995. Furrows in commercial fields were either compacted with tractor wheels or not. In the commercial fields, straw application increased onion yield in plots with compacted furrows in 1988 and in all plots (with or without compacted furrows) in 1990. At the experiment station, straw mulch increased onion yield 64% in 1991, and 74% in 1995. Straw application primarily increased yields of jumbo (3 to 4 inches; 76 to 102 mm) and colossal (>4 inches; 10 cm) onions, whereas there was no effect on medium (2.25 to 3 inches; 57 to 76 mm) onions. We attributed yield improvements to decreased water runoff and increased lateral water movement and soil moisture.
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Cavagnaro, P. F., M. M. Sance, and C. R. Galmarini. "Effect of Heating on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Antiplatelet Activity and Pungency Sensory Perception." Food Science and Technology International 13, no. 6 (December 2007): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013207088108.
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Onion, in its raw form, is recognized as an antiplatelet agent that may contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. In raw onions, the content of pyruvate, is significantly correlated with antiplatelet activity (AA) and the sensory perception of pungency. However, onion is generally cooked before consumption. Herein, we examine the effect of heating — using different boiling intensities — on the in vitro antiaggregatory activity (IVAA), the pyruvate concentration and the flavor (pungency) of crushed-onion samples. In general, heating is detrimental for onion AA. Boiling for 3 min has no significant effect on platelet aggregation, as compared to raw onion. Heating for 46 min completely suppresses IVAA, whereas samples boiled for > 20 min have pro-aggregatory effects. Significant differences in AA are found between the blood donors. Pyruvate content is not reduced after 30 min boiling. Pungency ratings decrease with the intensity of the heat treatment. Strong significant positive correlations are found between IVAA and pungency, but not between pyruvate and the former two variables. Our results suggest that: (i) in order to obtain the maximum health benefits onions should be eaten raw or moderately cooked, (ii) extensive heating may result in pro-aggregatory effects, (iii) pyruvate is not a good indicator of AA in cooked onions, (iv) the decrease in IVAA and pungency during onion cooking may be due to degradation of sulfur compounds (e.g. thiosulfinates) which are, likely, less tolerant than pyruvate to the high temperatures.
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Mahmud, MS, and MS Monjil. "Storage diseases of onion under variable conditions." Progressive Agriculture 26, no. 1 (August 12, 2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v26i1.24515.
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Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important and familiar spice as well as vegetable crop throughout the world. Storage rot due to various diseases caused by bulb rotting fungi is a major constrain for storing onion year-round in Bangladesh. The fungi associated with onion collected from different markets of Mymensingh, Naogaon and Sathkhira districts of Bangladesh were studied aiming to record the incidence of storage diseases as well as storage variability and conditions on disease incidence of onion. Disease incidence was recorded from storage of the retailers in two local varieties of onion,viz.,Taherpuri, Faridpuri and one Indian variety Pusa Red. Initially, infected onion bulbs were found maximum in Faridpuri and minimum amount was found in Pusa Red. Month-wise disease incidence showed that highest number of infected onion bulbs was found in Pusa Red and lowest number of infected bulbs was found in Taherpuri. Similarly highest disease incidence (%) was recorded in Pusa Red and lowest disease incidence (%) was recorded in Therpuri. Among the different markets average number of fungal infected bulbs was highest in the samples collected from Dhamoirhat bazaar of Naogaon district and lowest in the samples collected from Natun bazaar of Mymensingh district. Highest infected bulbs were found in onions stored in cold room (6°C) followed by Free floor and Bamboo basket. Lowest infected bulbs were found in onions stored in dried sands followed by net-bag and jute bag. Thus, the fungal diseases in storage are higher in large sized onion bulbs than indigenous small sized onions and in cold room (6°C) than net-bag or jute bag.Progressive Agriculture 26:45-50, 2015
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Sebayang, Kerista, Amir Hamzah Siregar, Herty Afrina Sianturi, and Erni Mirsan. "Shorting And Drying Technology Unit For Improving The Effectiveness Of Black Onion Process." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v6i1.5494.
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In 2016, the development of Gempar Tunggal Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that involved in the processing of black onions began. The raw materials are obtained from the Medan City market center, but sometimes it also come from Brebes and Semarang. The goods manufacture that resulted are sold to Aceh, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. However, because it was a home industry, the manufacturing system that was developed still very simple. Therefore, some weakness were identified, in particular the percentage of damaged or defective finished goods reaching 25 percent before its sold, various levels of maturity and work processes and supervision that drained attention and energy. In addition, the cost of using electricity is also high. It was found from the literature study by the Abdimas team of USU that there are 3 parameters that affect the processing of onions, namely garlic which is sensitive to temperature, humidity and exposure period of temperature and humidity. Often, due to the unequal size of the raw onion amount, the maturity of the onions is not homogenous distributed made the bigger the raw material of the onion impacted the faster it will ripen. Another problem that found during manufacturing process is the water vapor was not completely evaporated from the furnace. Basic technology that was developed by Abdimas USU team, namely the manual gravity onion sorting and drying unit was already used by Partners in the production process. As the result, it was successfully reducing broken onions. Lastly, homogenous maturity due to dividing process the onions by scale obtained.
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Wakchaure, Goraksha C., Pratapsingh S. Khapte, Satish Kumar, Paramsivam Suresh Kumar, Leo Sabatino, and Pradeep Kumar. "Exogenous Growth Regulators and Water Stress Enhance Long-Term Storage Quality Characteristics of Onion." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020297.
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Exogenous growth regulators (GRs) play a crucial role in alleviating water stress and sustaining crop yields in water-stressed areas. However, their effects on onions post-harvest quality, particularly post-monsoon onion—often preferred for long-term storage—were never studied. Therefore, this led us to investigate the interaction between water stress and GRs on the physiochemical and functional quality attributes of onions during long-term storage (9 months, at 25 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH). Onion crop was raised under four water stress levels i.e., 1.00–0.85, 0.84–0.70, 0.69–0.40, and 0.39–0.10 IW: CPE, designated as no, low, medium, and severe water stress, respectively, using a line source sprinkler system (LSS). GR treatments include potassium nitrate (PN, 15 g L−1), sodium benzoate (SB, 100 mg L−1), thio-urea (TU, 450 ppm), and gibberellic acid (GA, 25 ppm). Results reveal that the significant temporal changes in the dry matter, rehydration ratio, total soluble sugar (TSS), protein, and total phenolics content (TP) of the onion bulbs during storage, indicate the cumulative impact of the treatments on overall physicochemical status. Water stress increased onion biochemical attributes, especially pyruvic acid content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activity. Storage quality of onions progressively decreased with the increase in storage period. Stressed onions, especially those produced under severe water stress condition, showed high weight losses, presenting poor keeping quality. However, application of GRs, especially SB, TU, and PN, reduced bulb weight losses together with maintaining slightly better bulb physicochemical properties, thereby improving the overall storage quality, particularly with a moderate level of water stress (0.69–0.40 IW:CPE). The exogenous application of GRs with moderate water stress is suggested as a key strategy in improving the keeping quality of onion bulbs and ensuring its availability during the lean season.
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Mullinix, Benjamin, Steve Lahue, and Bryan Maw. "MOISTURE LOSS (%) DURING STORAGE OF INDIVIDUAL ONIONS AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST MATURITY, VARYING LENGTH OF CURING (HR), GRADE SIZE, AND LEVEL OF HUMIDITY." HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 755a—755. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.755a.
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Onions were harvested early, optimum, late (0%, 7%, 100% tops down). Onions were placed at random into one of twenty-four 30 × 30 × 30-cm boxes, which were stacked four high. Heated air was forced from bottom to top of each stack (curing). Curing lasted 24, 48, or 72 hours. Onions from each box were graded as to size and placed at random into one of four mesh bags for storage. Two bags each were put into either low- or high-humidity conditions. One of two bags were used for the individual onion study. Initially and every 2 weeks for 30 weeks, each onion was weighed and resized for effects of moisture loss. Moisture loss was correlated with harvest maturity: early 25%; optimum 28%; late 31%. Moisture loss rates were similar regardless of grade size. Lasting 30 weeks by size: J 1%; L 13%; M 25%; S 40%. Size reduction: J–>L 10%; L–>M 18%; M–>S 25%. Individual onions' moisture loss rate were highly variable.
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Feibert, Erik B. G., Clint C. Shock, and Monty Saunders. "689 PB 239 SOIL WATER POTENTIAL IRRIGATION CRITERIA FOR ONION PRODUCTION." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 531e—531. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.531e.
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Onions were grown with different soil water potentials as irrigation criteria to determine the soil water potential at which optimum onion yield and quality occurs. Furrow irrigation treatments in 1992 and 1993 consisted of six soil water potential thresholds (-12.5 to -100 kPa). Soil water potential in the first foot of soil was measured by granular matrix sensors (Watermark Model 200SS, Irrometer Co., Riverside, CA) that had been previously calibrated to tensiometers on the same silt loam series. Both years, yield and market grade based on bulb size (more jumbo and colossal onions) increased with wetter treatments. In 1993, a relatively cool year, onion grade peaked at -37.5 kPa due to a significant increase in rot during storage following the wetter treatments. These results suggest the importance of using moisture criteria to schedule irrigations for onions.
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Boydston, Rick A., Matt J. Morra, Vladimir Borek, Lydia Clayton, and Steven F. Vaughn. "Onion and Weed Response to Mustard (Sinapis alba) Seed Meal." Weed Science 59, no. 4 (December 2011): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00185.1.
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Weed control in organic onion production is often difficult and expensive, requiring numerous cultivations and extensive hand weeding. Onion safety and weed control with mustard seed meal (MSM) derived from Sinapis alba was evaluated in greenhouse and field trials. MSM applied at 110, 220, and 440 g m−2 severely injured onions and reduced onion stand by 25% or more when applied from planting to the one-leaf stage of onions in greenhouse trials. MSM derived from mustard cultivars ‘IdaGold’ and ‘AC Pennant’ reduced plant dry weight of redroot pigweed with an effective dose that provided 90% weed control (ED90) of 14.5 and 3.2 g m−2, respectively, in greenhouse trials, whereas the ED90 of MSM from a low-glucosinolate cultivar ‘00RN29D10’ was 128 g m−2, suggesting that glucosinolate content and ionic thiocyanate (SCN−) production contribute to phytotoxicity of MSM. In field trials, weed emergence, onion injury, and onion yield were recorded following single or three sequential applications of MSM from 1.1 to 4.5 MT ha−1 beginning at the two-leaf stage of onions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. By 8 wk after treatment (WAT), onion injury following MSM sequential applications was 10% or less in all 3 yr. Combined over 2008 and 2009, 48 and 68% fewer weeds emerged 3 WAT with MSM at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha−1, respectively. In 2010, MSM at 2.2 and 4.5 MT ha−1 reduced the number of weeds emerged 4 WAT by 91 and 76%, respectively. MSM treatment did not significantly affect onion yield or size in 2008 and 2009, but in 2010 onion total yield was reduced by 29% by three sequential applications of MSM at 2.2 MT ha−1. MSM has potential to be used as a weed-suppressive amendment in organic production systems, but the risk of crop injury is substantial.
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Aghajamali, Alireza, and Amir Karton. "Comparative Study of Carbon Force Fields for the Simulation of Carbon Onions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 10 (2021): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch21172.
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We evaluate the performance of ten common carbon force fields for the interaction energies in double and triple layered carbon onions. In particular, we consider the C20@C60, C20@C80, C20@C180, C80@C240, C60@C240 and C240@C540 double-layer carbon onions and C60@C240@C540 and C80@C240@C540 triple-layered carbon onions. We consider the following carbon force fields: Tersoff, REBO-II, AIREBO, AIREBO-M, screened versions of Tersoff and REBO-II, LCBOP-I, 2015 and 2020 versions of ReaxFF, and the machine-learning GAP force field. We show that the ReaxFF force fields give the best performance for the interaction energies of the cabon onions relative to density functional theory interaction energies obtained at the PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. We proceed to use the ReaxFF-15 force field to explore the interaction energies in a giant ten-layered carbon onion with a C60 core and show that the interaction energy between the outer layer and the inner layers increases linearly with the number of layers in the carbon onion (with a squared correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9996). This linear increase in the stabilization energy with each consecutive layer may have important thermodynamic consequences for describing the formation and growth of large carbon onions.
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Purnomo, Joko Hadi, and Niswatin Nurul Hidayati. "Pendampingan Program Pengembangan Klaster Bawang Merah Di Kabupaten Bojonegoro." LOYALITAS, Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (November 27, 2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.30739/loyalitas.v4i2.1039.
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The purpose of assisting the development of onion clusters in Bojonegoro Regency is to improve the quality of sustainable production and expand the marketing reach of processed shallot products. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR). The results of the assistance carried out are that the quality of the products produced by the Mekar Sari farmer group is able to match the fried onion products of other competitors in the local and interlocal markets, the market opportunities for fried onions and chili sauce are still very large both in the local market and in other areas. there is a market mapping of fried onions and chili sauce to distribute the product, as well as, there needs to be a commitment from the fried onion production team where buyers have started to arrive.