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1

Inc, Biomedical Business International, ed. Growth markets in diagnostic cardiology: April 16, 1992, Dallas, Texas : a one-day business conference. [Santa Ana, CA] (1524 Brookhollow Dr., Santa Ana 92705): BBI, 1992.

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2

DNA.21 Oyez Scientific and Technical Services., ed. DNA probes: New technology in their development and application : one day seminar, 23rd September 1985, Royal Lancaster Hotel, London. London: Oyez Scientific and Technical Services, 1985.

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3

M, Langton C., Palmer S. B, Institute of Acoustics (Great Britain), Institute of Physics (Great Britain), and Physical Acoustics Group, eds. Ultrasonic studies of bone: Proceedings of a one day meeting of the Physical Acoustics Group of the Institute of Physics and the Institute of Acoustics, 20th May 1987. Bristol: Institute of Physics, 1987.

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4

Christine, Brierley, ed. Disorders of the lumbar spine: Diagnosis and treatment options : proceedings of a one-day conference, Nottingham, Friday 20th September 1991. Liphook: Chapterhouse Codex, 1992.

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5

Society, Concrete, ed. Alkali-silica reaction: New structures - specifying the answer, existing structures - diagnosis and assessment : papers for a one-day conference, Tara Hotel, Kensington, London, 11 November 1985. London: Concrete Society, 1985.

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6

DNA probes: New technology in its development and application : one day seminar, Monday, 23rd September 1985, Royal Lancaster Hotel, London. London: Oyez Scientific & Technical Services, 1985.

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7

9th annual frontiers in cardiovascular medicine: November 17, 1992, New Orleans, Louisiana : a one-day business conference. [Santa Ana, CA] (1524 Brookhollow Dr., Santa Ana 92705): BBI, 1992.

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8

Hospital in-patient enquiry: In-patient and day case trends : based on a nominal one in ten sample of NHS patients in hospitals in England 1979-1985. London: HMSO, 1989.

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9

Kantor, Martin. The Essential Guide to Overcoming Avoidant Personality Disorder. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400647345.

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Emphasizing diagnosis, causality, and holistic treatment, this is the only book offering a full discussion of Avoidant Personality Disorder for therapists and sufferers. Avoidant Personality Disorder (AvPD) is an extremely widespread, devastating disorder that generally goes unrecognized or misrepresented by what little scientific literature there is on the topic. Therapists are left mystified about how to diagnose and treat it, and patients and other sufferers are at a loss as to what is wrong and how to go about correcting it. The Essential Guide to Overcoming Avoidant Personality Disorder is the only book available to guide both patients and those trying to help them. This thorough and much-needed volume explores the development of AvPD and presents a holistic view of its causes from the psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and interpersonal perspectives. It offers an extensive section on diagnostic criteria that will be useful to sufferers and therapists, and it discusses the various therapies for AvPD. Finally, and perhaps most critically, the book provides a section intended as a guide for psychiatrists—and a self-help guide for sufferers—including a day-by-day, one-step-at-a-time, monthly guide on how to overcome AvPD.
10

Slevin, Terry, ed. Sun, Skin and Health. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486301164.

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Skin cancer is Australia’s ‘national cancer’. At least two in three Australians are diagnosed with skin cancer by the age of 70 and over 1000 Australians are treated for skin cancer every day. The good news is that skin cancer is one of the most preventable forms of cancer. This book brings together leading experts in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer, providing practical information about the sun and health. The book begins with an explanation of what skin cancer is and how it forms, then discusses ultraviolet radiation and how to protect yourself, the effects of tanning, myths and truths about sunscreen, getting enough Vitamin D, the impact of the sun on your eyes, early detection and treatment of skin cancer, and life after skin cancer. It is a must-read for anyone living under the Australian and New Zealand sun.
11

Schoem, Scott R., and David H. Darrow, eds. Pediatric Otolaryngology. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581107272.

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Pediatric Otolaryngology gives you one place to look for expert help with virtually any commonly encountered pediatric ENT condition. Get the answers you need for on-target ENT diagnosis, treatment and referral Otolaryngologic disorders account for a large share pediatric visits. And now there’s an ENT ready-reference created expressly for pediatric primary care providers. The all-new Pediatric Otolaryngology is the first place to turn for expert help with the myriad ear, nose, and throat disorders you’re seeing every day. From adenopathy to ankyloglossia…ear infection to epistaxis …stridor to speech disorders, look here for the state of the art across the length and breadth of pediatric ENT.
12

Vranckx, Pascal, Wilfried Mullens, and Johan Vijgen. Non-pharmacological therapy of acute heart failure: when drugs alone are not enough. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0053.

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Acute heart failure syndrome has been defined as new-onset or a recurrence of worsening signs and symptoms of heart failure, necessitating urgent or emergency management. The management of acute heart failure syndrome is challenging, given the heterogeneity of the patient population, in terms of the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, prognosis, and therapeutic options. The management of acute heart failure syndrome is a dynamic process, requiring ongoing simultaneous diagnosis (monitoring) and treatment. Pharmacological agents remain the mainstay of therapy for acute heart failure syndrome. However, at all time, during the early diagnostic, aetiologic, and therapeutic work-up, non-pharmacologic therapy may be indicated and should be considered. The management of the complex cardiac patient with acute heart failure syndrome and/or (potential) haemodynamic compromise has become a special dimension for specialized myocardial intervention centres, providing 24 hours per day and 7 days per week state-of-the-art facilities for (primary) percutaneous coronary intervention and cardiac intensive care, including mechanical ventilation, ultrafiltration, with or without dialysis, and short-term percutaneous mechanical circulatory support. Through the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and approaches into the problems of acute heart failure syndrome, one should be better prepared to understand and treat its many facets.
13

McInerny, Thomas K., Henry M. Adam, Deborah E. Campbell, and Deepak M. Kamat, eds. American Academy of Pediatrics Textbook of Pediatric Care. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581106411.

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For more than 75 years, the American Academy of Pediatrics has been the nation’s leading and most trusted child health expert. The all-new full color AAP Textbook continues the tradition by providing a wealth of expert guidance spanning every aspect of current clinical practice and sets a new standard for one-stop pediatric references! Directed by a distinguished editorial team, and featuring contributions from experienced clinicians nationwide, the new AAP Textbook of Pediatric Care is a resource you’ll use with complete confidence. Look here for expert guidance spanning every aspect of current clinical practice. Comprehensive scope: Covers screening, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, management, prevention, critical care, practice management, ethical and legal concerns and much more. Practical focus: Directly addresses day-to-day practice concerns for efficient patient problem-solving. Essential clinical guidance: Step-by-step recommendations on what to do, when and how to do it, when to admit, and when to refer. Evidence-based approach: State-of-the-art approach includes the evidence base for recommendations and lists detailed references within each chapter. Topical coverage: Highlights new priorities for 21st century practice: evidence-based medicine, environmental concerns, electronic health records, quality improvement, community-wide health approaches, confidentiality, cultural issues, and psychosocial issues.
14

Cattran, Daniel C., and Heather N. Reich. Membranous glomerulonephritis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0062_update_001.

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A common rule of thumb in primary membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is that one-third of patients improve spontaneously, one-third progress, and one-third continue to have substantial proteinuria. The rate of spontaneous recovery may be near the truth, but MGN is usually an indolent condition and few studies have run long enough to give accurate outcomes for the remainder. However MGN is an important cause of end-stage renal failure. Treatment regimens that include cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil can improve the outcome of patients at greatest risk of deterioration, but their toxicity has limited their use in randomized studies to the highest risk patients. Steroids alone, and ciclosporin, do not improve long-term outcomes in these studies. Whether anti-B-cell antibodies offer additional benefits requires randomized studies. After confirming the diagnosis of primary MGN it is recommended to maximize supportive therapy and monitor for at least 6 months to give a clear picture of the long-term risk. For patients at lowest risk, supportive management and monitoring alone is recommended. Patients at medium risk (nephrotic range proteinuria but normal and stable glomerular filtration rate), or high risk (very heavy proteinuria, greater than 8 g/day or deterioration of glomerular filtration rate) may justify specific treatment directed at the immune response. For the medium-risk group it is not certain that it is required; for some in the high-risk group it may come too late. Overall outcomes in the high-risk group remain quite poor even with aggressive treatment.
15

Testa M., Claudia, and Dietrich Haubenberger, eds. Tremors. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197529652.001.0001.

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Abstract Descriptions of tremor encompass ancient civilizations to the present day. This book covers the increasingly rich and diverse research arena in tremors, and how research connects with improved recognition and treatment of tremors. The initial book sections cover fundamental concepts in tremor nosology and classification, pathophysiology, and etiology. “Tremor Foundations,” presents work across research modalities, providing an overview on the underpinnings of tremor as symptom and disease. Recent developments in the understanding of tremor pathology, pathophysiology, and genetics, spurred by new basic research and neuroimaging techniques, illustrate the breadth of immediate opportunity in tremor research. “The Family of Tremors” presents the extended range of tremors, spanning isolated tremors, tremor as one of several features of a neurological disorder or medical disease, and other hyperkinetic movement phenotypes commonly referred to, mimicking, or framed as tremors. The final section, “Tremor in the Clinic,” puts the fundamental concepts of the initial sections into clinical context. This section covers current and emerging frameworks for assessment, diagnosis, and holistic treatment of tremors, and the accelerating growth in new therapeutics development. All sections connect across key concepts in defining and working with tremors, illustrating how work in state-of-the-art clinical care feeds back into understanding causes of tremors and new therapeutics development. Tremor is one of the most common movement disorders. This dynamic, rich topic is sure to see continued rapid growth in research and clinical care options.
16

Breeze, Johno, Sat Parmer, and Niall MH McLeod, eds. Vivas for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery FRCS. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198814306.001.0001.

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Training in oral and maxillofacial surgery is lengthy and demanding, requiring dual qualification and basic training in dentistry and medicine, followed by completion of a higher surgical training programme. The ‘exit examination’ leading to the awarding of the specialty Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (FRCS(OMFS)) represents the final academic step of training in the specialty. For part 2 of the FRCS(OMFS) examination, one day is dedicated to ‘vivas’, where the candidate is interviewed by two senior clinicians in their diagnosis and management of conditions in the specialty. As such it encompasses the entire remit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, including orthognathic surgery, craniomaxillofacial trauma, surgical oncology and dermatology, oral medicine, craniofacial surgery, dentoalveolar surgery, temporomandibular joint disorders, salivary gland disease, local flap and free tissue transfer, oral implantology and cleft surgery. This daunting syllabus is covered in four viva sessions of thirty minutes, with six five-minute vivas in each session. The aim of this book is to give candidates a structure as to how to answer such scenarios as well as provide clinical subject matter encompassing the range of the specialty. This includes pertinent scenarios that are generally not covered in other FRCS revision books such as ethics, consent and negligence. As such it will be of interest to clinicians in related specialties, including dermatology, oral surgery, ENT, and plastic surgery.
17

Hall, Kersten T. Insulin - The Crooked Timber. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855381.001.0001.

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Before the discovery of insulin, a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was an inevitable death sentence. Little wonder then that when insulin was first used to treat patients in the early 1920s, diabetes specialist Elliott Joslin likened its power to the ‘Vision of Ezekiel’, the Old Testament prophet who is said to have seen a valley of dry bones rise up and be restored to life. Despite its life-saving power, however, little was known about the chemical nature of insulin, with one clinician describing it as being simply ‘thick brown muck’. Just over half a century later, insulin was again causing excitement when it became the first pharmaceutical to be produced using genetic engineering, making biotech company Genentech founders multimillionaires after a spectacular flotation on Wall Street. This book tells the stories of those involved in this act of modern-day alchemy. What emerges are sometimes monstrous egos, toxic career rivalries, and a few unsung heroes, such as the two little-known scientists whose work on wool fibres proved to be crucial not only in unravelling insulin but also in ushering in a revolution in biology. Perhaps most importantly of all, with science having become so prominent in all our lives during the past year, the story of insulin has lessons for us all about what technology can—and perhaps more importantly—cannot do for us.
18

Appelbaum, Kenneth L. Self-injurious behaviors. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0049.

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One of the most challenging management challenges in correctional settings is self-injurious behavior (SIB). Often, the motivations, demographics, and characteristics are distinct from SIB found in the community. In community samples, about 4% of adults report a history of SIB with no significant gender differences in rate. Despite its serious consequences in jails and prisons, reliable data on self-injury in those settings remains sparse. A survey of the 51 state and federal directors of correctional mental health services in the United States found that less than 2% of inmates per year self-injure. Although relatively few inmates engage in this behavior, they do so often enough that almost all systems that responded to the survey reported at least weekly incidents and over 70% of systems had episodes occurring several times per week to more than once per day. The most common psychiatric conditions associated with SIB include psychotic, personality, cognitive, and mood disorders. Environmental factors, which include behavioral triggers and responses, often play a key role in SIB, especially in jails and prisons. Self-injury can return a degree of control and autonomy to inmates who otherwise have limited means to affect their environment, cope with stress, or get what they want. Effective management of self-injurious behaviors in correctional settings almost always requires partnership and cooperation between health care and custody staff. This chapter reviews context and nosology, epidemiology and best practices for assessment, diagnosis, and intervention in jail and prison settings.
19

Tobin, Martin J. Assessment and technique of weaning. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0102.

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Several studies suggest that most patients weaned successfully could have tolerated the weaning attempts had they been initiated a day or so earlier. Such data emphasize the need for the early use of screening tests. A screening test should have a high sensitivity. The ratio of respiratory frequency to tidal volume has been evaluated in more than 25 studies and its average sensitivity is 0.89. Weaning involves undertaking three diagnostic tests in sequence, measuring predictors, a weaning trial, and a trial of extubation. Of the techniques used for a weaning trial, intermittent mandatory ventilation has been repeatedly shown to be inferior to the use of T-tube trials or pressure support. Six randomized trials have evaluated the usefulness of protocols in the management of weaning. Three revealed no benefit—two had major methodological problems, leaving only one supporting the use of protocols.
20

Mayeux, Sara. Free Justice. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469661650.001.0001.

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Every day, in courtrooms around the United States, thousands of criminal defendants are represented by public defenders--lawyers provided by the government for those who cannot afford private counsel. Though often taken for granted, the modern American public defender has a surprisingly contentious history--one that offers insights not only about the "carceral state," but also about the contours and compromises of twentieth-century liberalism. First gaining appeal amidst the Progressive Era fervor for court reform, the public defender idea was swiftly quashed by elite corporate lawyers who believed the legal profession should remain independent from the state. Public defenders took hold in some localities but not yet as a nationwide standard. By the 1960s, views had shifted. Gideon v. Wainwright enshrined the right to counsel into law and the legal profession mobilized to expand the ranks of public defenders nationwide. Yet within a few years, lawyers had already diagnosed a "crisis" of underfunded, overworked defenders providing inadequate representation--a crisis that persists today. This book shows how these conditions, often attributed to recent fiscal emergencies, have deep roots, and it chronicles the intertwined histories of constitutional doctrine, big philanthropy, professional in-fighting, and Cold War culture that made public defenders ubiquitous but embattled figures in American courtrooms.
21

Reed, S. Alexander. Laurie Anderson's Big Science. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190926014.001.0001.

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Shimmering in maximal minimalism, joyful bleakness, and bodiless intimacy, Laurie Anderson’s Big Science diagnosed crises of meaning, scale, and identity in 1982. Decades later, the challenging and strange questions it poses loom even larger: How do we remain human when our identities are digitally distributed? Does technology bring us closer together or further apart? Can we experience the stillness of “now” when time is always moving? How do experiences become memories? This book attends closely to Anderson’s artistic voice, detailing its unique capacities for ambiguity and revelation. It traces the sonic histories etched in the record’s grooves, from the Cold War to a burning future, from the Manhattan skyline to the empty desert, from the opera house to the pop charts. Ultimately, in Big Science, one can hear an invitation to rise above the dualities of parts and wholes, images and essences, the lone individual and the megasystem. The first and most enduring superstar of performance art, Anderson is recognized here for pioneering philosophically rich techniques within the medium but is also taken seriously as a musician and composer. Packed with scrupulous new research, reception history, careful description, and dizzying creativity, this book is an interdisciplinary love letter to a record whose sounds, politics, and expressions of gendered identity grow more relevant each day.
22

Knox, Catherine M. Medication administration and management. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0030.

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The courts and professional organizations recognize access to clinically appropriate and timely treatment with psychotropic medication as an essential element of an adequate correctional mental health system. While receiving treatment, incarcerated patients must be monitored and supervised clinically so that optimal patient outcomes are achieved. For many mentally ill inmates incarceration is an opportunity to receive treatment that was not accessible in the community; in one study only one third of those diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder were receiving medication at the time of arrest compared to two thirds during incarceration. There are many steps, people, and processes involved in getting medication to the patient within a correctional facility. The major components of pharmacy services are prescribing, dispensing, distribution and continuity. The structural aspects of medication administration can also be altered to improve adherence. These include simplifying the medication regime by reducing the number of doses each day, changing to a long acting preparation, and administering medication at times and in ways that are safer and more convenient for the patient and yet clinically acceptable. Reducing reasons for medication discontinuity due to transfers and schedule conflicts also reduces the incidence of adverse events and optimizes treatment efficacy. Almost universally, all medication administration to psychiatric patients in jails and prisons is through directly observed therapy. This allows for opportunities and challenges for correctional patient care in medication lines and on cell blocks or dormitories. This chapter reviews the structural, procedural, and clinical concerns of medication administration and management in jails and prisons.
23

Knox, Catherine M. Medication administration and management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0030_update_001.

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The courts and professional organizations recognize access to clinically appropriate and timely treatment with psychotropic medication as an essential element of an adequate correctional mental health system. While receiving treatment, incarcerated patients must be monitored and supervised clinically so that optimal patient outcomes are achieved. For many mentally ill inmates incarceration is an opportunity to receive treatment that was not accessible in the community; in one study only one third of those diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder were receiving medication at the time of arrest compared to two thirds during incarceration. There are many steps, people, and processes involved in getting medication to the patient within a correctional facility. The major components of pharmacy services are prescribing, dispensing, distribution and continuity. The structural aspects of medication administration can also be altered to improve adherence. These include simplifying the medication regime by reducing the number of doses each day, changing to a long acting preparation, and administering medication at times and in ways that are safer and more convenient for the patient and yet clinically acceptable. Reducing reasons for medication discontinuity due to transfers and schedule conflicts also reduces the incidence of adverse events and optimizes treatment efficacy. Almost universally, all medication administration to psychiatric patients in jails and prisons is through directly observed therapy. This allows for opportunities and challenges for correctional patient care in medication lines and on cell blocks or dormitories. This chapter reviews the structural, procedural, and clinical concerns of medication administration and management in jails and prisons.
24

Grant, Warren, and Martin Scott-Brown. Prevention of cancer. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0350.

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In the UK, the four commonest cancers—lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer—result in around 62 000 deaths every year. Although deaths from cancer have fallen in the UK over the last 20 years, the UK still suffers from higher cancer death rates than many other countries in Western Europe. In 1999, the UK government produced a White Paper called Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation that outlined a national target to reduce the death rate from cancer by at least 20% in people under 75 by 2010. The subsequent NHS Cancer Plan of 2000 designed a framework by which to achieve this target through effective prevention, screening, and treatment programmes as well as restructuring and developing new diagnostic and treatment facilities. But do we know enough about the biology of the development of cancer for government health policies alone to force dramatic changes in survival? The science behind the causes of cancer tells us that its origin lies in acquired or inherited genetic abnormalities. Inherited gene mutation syndromes and exposure to environmental mutagens cause cancer, largely through abnormalities in DNA repair mechanisms, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Although screening those thought to be at highest risk, and regulating exposure to environmental carcinogens such as tobacco or ionizing radiation, have reduced, and will continue to reduce, cancer deaths, there are many other environmental factors that have been shown to increase the population risk of cancer. These will be outlined in this chapter. However, the available evidence is largely from retrospective and cross-sectional population-based studies and therefore limits the ability to apply this knowledge to the risk of the individual patient who may been seen in clinic. Although we may be able to put him or her into a high-, intermediate-, or low-risk category, the question ‘will I get cancer, doc?’ is one that we cannot answer with certainty. The NHS Cancer Plan of 2000, designed to reduce cancer deaths in this country and to bring UK treatment results in line with those other countries in Europe, focuses on preventing malignancy as part of its comprehensive cancer management strategy. It highlights that the rich are less likely to develop cancer, and will survive longer if they are diagnosed than those who live in poverty. This may reflect available treatment options, but is more likely to be related to the lifestyle of those with regular work, as they may be more health aware. The Cancer Plan, however, suggests that relieving poverty may be more labour intensive and less rewarding than encouraging positive risk-reducing behaviour in all members of the population. Eating well can reduce the risk of developing many cancers, particularly of the stomach and bowel. The Cancer Plan outlines the ‘Five-a-Day’ programme which was rolled out in 2002 and encouraged people to eat at least five portions of fruit and vegetables per day. Obese people are also at higher risk of cancers, in particular endometrial cancer. A good diet and regular exercise not only reduce obesity but are also independent risk-reducing factors. Alcohol misuse is thought to be a major risk factor in around 3% of all cancers, with the highest risk for cancers of the mouth and throat. As part of the Cancer Plan, the Department of Health promotes physical activity and general health programmes, as well as alcohol and smoking programmes, particularly in deprived areas. Focusing on these healthy lifestyle points can potentially reduce an individual lifetime risk of all cancers. However, our knowledge of the biology of four cancers in particular has led to the development of specific life-saving interventions. Outlined in this chapter are details regarding ongoing prevention strategies for carcinomas of the lung, the breast, the bowel, and the cervix.
25

Ufimtseva, Nataliya V., Iosif A. Sternin, and Elena Yu Myagkova. Russian psycholinguistics: results and prospects (1966–2021): a research monograph. Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/978-5-6045633-7-3.

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The monograph reflects the problems of Russian psycholinguistics from the moment of its inception in Russia to the present day and presents its main directions that are currently developing. In addition, theoretical developments and practical results obtained in the framework of different directions and research centers are described in a concise form. The task of the book is to reflect, as far as it is possible in one edition, firstly, the history of the formation of Russian psycholinguistics; secondly, its methodology and developed methods; thirdly, the results obtained in different research centers and directions in different regions of Russia; fourthly, to outline the main directions of the further development of Russian psycholinguistics. There is no doubt that in the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects, the main problems and the results of their development by Russian psycholinguistics have no analogues in world linguistics and psycholinguistics, or are represented by completely original concepts and methods. We have tried to show this uniqueness of the problematics and the methodological equipment of Russian psycholinguistics in this book. The main role in the formation of Russian psycholinguistics was played by the Moscow psycholinguistic school of A.A. Leontyev. It still defines the main directions of Russian psycholinguistics. Russian psycholinguistics (the theory of speech activity - TSA) is based on the achievements of Russian psychology: a cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena L.S. Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontyev. Moscow is the most "psycholinguistic region" of Russia - INL RAS, Moscow State University, Moscow State Linguistic University, RUDN, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Sechenov University, Moscow State University and other Moscow universities. Saint Petersburg psycholinguists have significant achievements, especially in the study of neurolinguistic problems, ontolinguistics. The most important feature of Russian psycholinguistics is the widespread development of psycholinguistics in the regions, the emergence of recognized psycholinguistic research centers - St. Petersburg, Tver, Saratov, Perm, Ufa, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Kursk, Chelyabinsk; psycholinguistics is represented in Cherepovets, Ivanovo, Volgograd, Vyatka, Kaluga, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Abakan, Maikop, Barnaul, Ulan-Ude, Yakutsk, Syktyvkar, Armavir and other cities; in Belarus - Minsk, in Ukraine - Lvov, Chernivtsi, Kharkov, in the DPR - Donetsk, in Kazakhstan - Alma-Ata, Chimkent. Our researchers work in Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, China, France, Switzerland. There are Russian psycholinguists in Canada, USA, Israel, Austria and a number of other countries. All scientists from these regions and countries have contributed to the development of Russian psycholinguistics, to the development of psycholinguistic theory and methods of psycholinguistic research. Their participation has not been forgotten. We tried to present the main Russian psycholinguists in the Appendix - in the sections "Scientometrics", "Monographs and Manuals" and "Dissertations", even if there is no information about them in the Electronic Library and RSCI. The principles of including scientists in the scientometric list are presented in the Appendix. Our analysis of the content of the resulting monograph on psycholinguistic research in Russia allows us to draw preliminary conclusions about some of the distinctive features of Russian psycholinguistics: 1. cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena of L.S.Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontiev as methodological basis of Russian psycholinguistics; 2. theoretical nature of psycholinguistic research as a characteristic feature of Russian psycholinguistics. Our psycholinguistics has always built a general theory of the generation and perception of speech, mental vocabulary, linked specific research with the problems of ontogenesis, the relationship between language and thinking; 3. psycholinguistic studies of speech communication as an important subject of psycholinguistics; 4. attention to the psycholinguistic analysis of the text and the development of methods for such analysis; 5. active research into the ontogenesis of linguistic ability; 6. investigation of linguistic consciousness as one of the important subjects of psycholinguistics; 7. understanding the need to create associative dictionaries of different types as the most important practical task of psycholinguistics; 8. widespread use of psycholinguistic methods for applied purposes, active development of applied psycholinguistics. The review of the main directions of development of Russian psycholinguistics, carried out in this monograph, clearly shows that the direction associated with the study of linguistic consciousness is currently being most intensively developed in modern Russian psycholinguistics. As the practice of many years of psycholinguistic research in our country shows, the subject of study of psycholinguists is precisely linguistic consciousness - this is a part of human consciousness that is responsible for generating, understanding speech and keeping language in consciousness. Associative experiments are the core of most psycholinguistic techniques and are important both theoretically and practically. The following main areas of practical application of the results of associative experiments can be outlined. 1. Education. Associative experiments are the basis for constructing Mind Maps, one of the most promising tools for systematizing knowledge, assessing the quality, volume and nature of declarative knowledge (and using special techniques and skills). Methods based on smart maps are already widely used in teaching foreign languages, fast and deep immersion in various subject areas. 2. Information search, search optimization. The results of associative experiments can significantly improve the quality of information retrieval, its efficiency, as well as adaptability for a specific person (social group). When promoting sites (promoting them in search results), an associative experiment allows you to increase and improve the quality of the audience reached. 3. Translation studies, translation automation. An associative experiment can significantly improve the quality of translation, take into account intercultural and other social characteristics of native speakers. 4. Computational linguistics and automatic word processing. The results of associative experiments make it possible to reveal the features of a person's linguistic consciousness and contribute to the development of automatic text processing systems in a wide range of applications of natural language interfaces of computer programs and robotic solutions. 5. Advertising. The use of data on associations for specific words, slogans and texts allows you to predict and improve advertising texts. 6. Social relationships. The analysis of texts using the data of associative experiments makes it possible to assess the tonality of messages (negative / positive moods, aggression and other characteristics) based on user comments on the Internet and social networks, in the press in various projections (by individuals, events, organizations, etc.) from various social angles, to diagnose the formation of extremist ideas. 7. Content control and protection of personal data. Associative experiments improve the quality of content detection and filtering by identifying associative fields in areas subject to age restrictions, personal information, tobacco and alcohol advertising, incitement to ethnic hatred, etc. 8. Gender and individual differences. The data of associative experiments can be used to compare the reactions (and, in general, other features of thinking) between men and women, different social and age groups, representatives of different regions. The directions for the further development of Russian psycholinguistics from the standpoint of the current state of psycholinguistic science in the country are seen by us, first of all:  in the development of research in various areas of linguistic consciousness, which will contribute to the development of an important concept of speech as a verbal model of non-linguistic consciousness, in which knowledge revealed by social practice and assigned by each member of society during its inculturation is consolidated for society and on its behalf;  in the expansion of the problematics, which is formed under the influence of the growing intercultural communication in the world community, which inevitably involves the speech behavior of natural and artificial bilinguals in the new object area of psycholinguistics;  in using the capabilities of national linguistic corpora in the interests of researchers studying the functioning of non-linguistic and linguistic consciousness in speech processes;  in expanding research on the semantic perception of multimodal texts, the scope of which has greatly expanded in connection with the spread of the Internet as a means of communication in the life of modern society;  in the inclusion of the problems of professional communication and professional activity in the object area of psycholinguistics in connection with the introduction of information technologies into public practice, entailing the emergence of new professions and new features of the professional ethos;  in the further development of the theory of the mental lexicon (identifying the role of different types of knowledge in its formation and functioning, the role of the word as a unit of the mental lexicon in the formation of the image of the world, as well as the role of the natural / internal metalanguage and its specificity in speech activity);  in the broad development of associative lexicography, which will meet the most diverse needs of society and cognitive sciences. The development of associative lexicography may lead to the emergence of such disciplines as associative typology, associative variantology, associative axiology;  in expanding the spheres of applied use of psycholinguistics in social sciences, sociology, semasiology, lexicography, in the study of the brain, linguodidactics, medicine, etc. This book is a kind of summarizing result of the development of Russian psycholinguistics today. Each section provides a bibliography of studies on the relevant issue. The Appendix contains the scientometrics of leading Russian psycholinguists, basic monographs, psycholinguistic textbooks and dissertations defended in psycholinguistics. The content of the publications presented here is convincing evidence of the relevance of psycholinguistic topics and the effectiveness of the development of psycholinguistic problems in Russia.
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