Academic literature on the topic 'One's own Body'
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Journal articles on the topic "One's own Body":
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Ciavatta, David. "Hegel on Owning One's Own Body." Southern Journal of Philosophy 43, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.2005.tb01940.x.
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TANAKA, Shogo. "Neurophenomenological consideration on one's own body." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (September 15, 2011): 2AM008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_2am008.
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Trigg, Dylan. "At the limits of one's own body." Metodo. International Studies in Phenomenology and Philosophy 7, no. 1 (2019): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.19079/metodo.7.1.75.
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Balueva, O. V., Yu E. Kravchenko, and S. I. Kartashov. "The Role of Body Sensations in Understanding One's Own Emotions." Cultural-Historical Psychology 11, no. 2 (2015): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2015110203.
Abstract:
There are at least three different viewpoints among all theories of emotions that attempt to explain the role of body sensations in understanding one's own emotions. In order to compare the explanatory resources of these viewpoints we conducted a research in which the subjects (n=59) were shown a series of neutral and emo¬tionally significant slides (taken from the IAPS database). During the slideshow we registered the subjects' pulse and galvanic skin response. The subjects were asked to assess the intensity of their emotional reactions and body sensations in response to the emotionally significant slides, and also filled in a questionnaire on emo¬tional intelligence that enabled us to measure their ability to understand their own emotions as well as those of other people. The outcomes of our research show that sensations accompanying emotional experiences are not the result of interoception as they do not correspond with objective indicators of the changes in physio¬logical arousal, whereas they do correspond in many ways with the subjects' emotional appraisal of the stimuli and self-assessment of sensations. These outcomes also revealed that subjective evaluations of body sensations correlate with emotional valence, while heart rate (the objective indicator of arousal) correlates with modali¬ty of the emotion.
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Boureau, Alain, and Benjamin Semple. "The Sacrality of One's Own Body in the Middle Ages." Yale French Studies, no. 86 (1994): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2930273.
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SHIBATA, Toshio, and Masayuki NOBECHI. "THE COGNITION OF MASCULINITY-FEMININITY OF ONE'S OWN BODY IN ADOLESCENCE." Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 39, no. 1 (1991): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.39.1_40.
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Grabherr, Luzia, Faisal Karmali, Silvia Bach, Kathrin Indermaur, Sibylle Metzler, and Fred W. Mast. "Mental own-body and body-part transformations in microgravity." Journal of Vestibular Research 17, no. 5-6 (July 3, 2008): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2007-175-608.
Abstract:
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of gravity on the cognitive ability to mentally transform images of bodies or body parts. A total of eight participants were tested in two separate parabolic flight missions. In the main experiment, participants had to make a discrimination judgement (left or right) about pictures of a human figure with one arm outstretched, and pictures of a body part (hand). The stimuli appeared in varying views and orientations. Response times and error rates were measured. In microgravity, the participants showed increased response times overall as well as increased error rates when compared to 1 g for both types of stimuli. Thus, a task that requires the mental transformation of one's own body or body parts becomes more difficult during microgravity. This is in contrast to previous studies showing no effect of microgravity on the mental rotation of abstract 3D objects and to our follow-up case study in which participants applied an object-based mental rotation strategy. Moreover, the analysis of response times suggests that in microgravity body-part stimuli are affected more strongly than body figures.
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Kondo, Ryota, Masahiko Inami, and Michiteru Kitazaki. "Perceiving one's own invisible body through subjective completion of body parts with vision–action contingency." Journal of Vision 16, no. 12 (September 1, 2016): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.985.
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Brugger, Peter, Marianne Regard, and Theodor Landis. "Illusory Reduplication of One's Own Body: Phenomenology and Classification of Autoscopic Phenomena." Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 2, no. 1 (February 1997): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135468097396397.
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Lowe, E. J. "Self, Reference and Self-reference." Philosophy 68, no. 263 (January 1993): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100040018.
Abstract:
I favour an analysis of selfhood which ties it to the possession of certain kinds of first-person knowledge, in particular de re knowledge of the identity of one's own conscious thoughts and experiences. My defence of this analysis will lead me to explore the nature of demonstrative reference to one's own conscious thoughts and experiences. Such reference is typically ‘direct’, in contrast to demonstrative reference to all physical objects, apart from those that are parts of one's own body in which one can localize sensations or which are directly subject to one's will. My conclusion will be that the semantic distinction between ‘direct’ and ‘indirect’ demonstrative reference helps to delineate the metaphysical boundary between oneself and the rest of the world. But I do not contend that one is to be identified with one's own body: indeed, I shall try to show that one can know a priori that no such identity can obtain.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "One's own Body":
1
Olefalk, Hanna. "A Body of One's Own : A Comparison Between Woolf's A Room of One's Own and Moran's How To Be a Woman." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31874.
Abstract:
In this essay the author compares Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own (1928) to Caitlin Moran’s How To Be a Woman (2012). The two texts have both been described as feminist manifests of their time. The essay focuses on differences and similarities between the two texts, mainly focusing on the authors’ reasons for writing their texts and on the rhetoric they use to reach the audience. The comparison shows that there are many similarities between the texts, given the historical context they were written in. For instance, both Woolf and Moran use humor as rhetorical means and they both see cooperation between women and men as the solution for a better future.
2
Carnegy-Arbuthnott, H. M. "A body of one's own : an institutional approach to property and self-ownership." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1559912/.
Abstract:
What type of ownership do we have over ourselves? And what are the different ways in which we ought to be permitted to subject our bodies to the market? Giving blood or selling one’s hair are uses of the body which assume rights of disposal over parts of the person which are similar to, or perhaps indistinguishable from, those we have over property. Such cases pose a puzzle: intuitively we both want to treat some aspect of the body as property, and strongly resist doing so. For example, the thought of a person having the right to cut off her hair and sell it does not strike us as particularly problematic. But if a stranger were to sneak up on her and cut off a length of her hair, it would be wrong for us to treat that assault as a case of theft. In response to this sort of puzzle, I propose a negative argument: that theories of property or self-ownership which are based in some fundamental natural right are unable to provide an adequate explanation of how we should treat these cases. The positive contribution of the thesis is to argue that an institutional theory of property can give us answers as to when to treat the body as property. By an an institutional theory of property, I mean one that rejects the idea that property is fundamental, but does not rely on an underlying natural right to justify the institution of property. This institutional approach provides a robust theoretical basis for distinguishing ourselves as inalienable, some aspects of our bodies as potentially alienable, and external objects as straightforwardly so.
3
XAIZ, ANNALISA. "Coding one's own body: an investigation of neural, cognitive and personality determinants of self-recognition." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19316.
Abstract:
In the last decade, research on visual perception of the human body remarkably increased, especially following the discovery of the Extrastriate Body Area, an occipito-temporal region selectively involved in body-processing (Downing et al., 2001). However, an intriguing issue is to what extent a specific kind of body representation in the brain is devoted to the knowledge of the bodily self. Research on the visual recognition of the self-body, in particular, is still scarce, especially if compared to the extensive body of research devoted to the recognition of self-face. In the present thesis, a systematic investigation of unexplored aspects of self-body and self-face recognition is presented, with particular focus on the one side, on the possible neural correlates, and on the other, on the variables of personality that may play a role in these cognitive functions.
Recent work in neuroscience indicates a superiority in the visual processing of one’s own than other people’s body-parts (Frassinetti et al., 2008). Specifically, subjects show higher accuracy when asked to match pictures depicting their own compared to unfamiliar body-parts, the so-called “self advantage”. It remains to be established, however, which cortical regions are involved in this phenomenon. To this aim, in experiments reported in Chapter 2 the causal role of cortical regions specifically involved in body-parts processing (i.e., the right Extrastriate Body Area) and in self-face recognition (i.e., the right Inferior Parietal Lobule) was investigated by means of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. The results did not allow definitive conclusions regarding the role of the cortical areas under investigation for self body-parts recognition; nonetheless, behavioural data seem to suggest that the self-recognition ability is not as universal as generally believed. In particular, the strength of the “self advantage” showed a large degree of variability across participants.
Therefore, the contribution presented in Chapter 3 was aimed at finding some possible determinants that modulate the self-body advantage. Namely, it was examined whether the self-body recognition ability is modulated by implicit and explicit self-esteem, relying upon studies linking the physical self and self-esteem. Two studies were conducted using paradigms assessing covert (Experiment 3) or overt (Experiment 4) self-body recognition (i.e., the matching-to-sample used in previous studies and a new-developed paradigm of overt recognition). Results revealed that the self-body recognition ability is qualified by individual differences in self-esteem, and especially implicit self-esteem, measured with the Implicit Association Test, a widely used procedure for measuring strengths of automatic associations between concepts (Greenwald et al., 1998). Moreover, considering the two studies together, only the implicit self-esteem showed incremental validity in predicting the ability to recognize self body-parts. The results are discussed in terms of the role of individual differences such as implicit self-esteem for cognitive functions such as self-body recognition.
Finally, a study (Experiment 5) was conducted to better address whether self-esteem and other personality traits with strong interpersonal value (i.e., empathy) also correlate with the strength and stability of self-representation. Self-face representation was recently found to be less stable than believed in the past (Tsakiris, 2008). Our findings reveal that higher level of implicit self-esteem correspond to lower susceptibility to the “enfacement” illusion, measured in terms of incorporation of other people’s facial features in the self-face representation following synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation in a mirror-like setting. Moreover, the Perspective Taking component of empathy was found to correlate with the introspective experience of the illusion.
All in all, the present contribution bridges recent research in the cognitive neurosciences and social cognition and points toward a complex interplay among cognitive and personality factors in the domain of self-recognition.
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Gwompo, Djopkap Stève. "La phénoménologie du corps et la refonte de la subjectivité chez Merleau-Ponty." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0019.
Abstract:
La phénoménologie du corps est une approche phénoménologique de la corporéité, en tant que cette approche réclame une rupture philosophique radicale. L'idée subséquente d'une refonte de la subjectivité chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty recouvre la volonté de dépasser le sujet métaphysique de la substance transcendante, ontothéologique ou phénoménologique qui court de l'Antiquité jusqu'à Husserl et Sartre, vers la singularité du corps propre, indissociablement sujet-objet, ou si l'on préfère, objet-sujet. En faisant usage de l'approche phénoménologico-reflexive, nous nous proposons de présenter les tenants et les aboutissants de la pensée merleau-pontienne, tout en prenant en compte les acquis de sa réception actuelle, notamment sur les terrains de la philosophie et des sciences humaines. Ce travail interroge particulièrement le postulat de l'innocuité du corps propre, qui réfère à une espèce de bonté originelle et de garantie éthique de l'humanisme merleau-pontien faisant face à la terreur. En mettant hors-jeu la conception métaphysique du corps qui idéalise l'homme, et révoquant l'approche scientifique en tant que cette dernière le chosifie, Maurice Merleau-Ponty établit en réalité une philosophie aux allures ambigües. Il pense le procès du corps en aboutissant à une ontologie de la chair qui s'assume dans le dualisme du voyant et du visible, enveloppés dans une étoffe commune. Cette étoffe qu'il nomme "chair" est l'élément primordial qui sous-tend et justifie le corps, non pas en tant que substrat, mais plutôt comme qui rend compte du rapport de l'homme-au-monde. Cependant, la vie phénoménale du sujet repose sur un enveloppement du voyant dans le visible. Ce chiasme est un narcissisme de l'Être qui par le moyen de la "chair universelle", parvient à se percevoir comme dans un "entre-deux" ; l'homme n'étant qu'une amplification de ce phénomène perceptif. Même si l'effort merleau-pontien de sacraliser le corps semble à son niveau recevable, nous pensons que les résultats de ces recherches demeurent inconsistantes pour notre époque, car l'homme est plus que jamais dans ce rapport d'étrangeté à soi, sacrifié à l'autel de l'altérité. Ceci nous oblige à emprunter de nouveaux chemins, à rechercher l'ipséité du moi-corporel dans la vie de l'autre. Il est essentiel, en notre sens, que cette valorisation bien travaillée du Sensible en général et de la corporéité en particulier, ne soit pas cause d'une désintégration de la subjectivité au profit exclusif de l'intercorporéité. Au contraire, il nous importe de montrer que la subjectivité apparaît comme le foyer qui sous-tend toute vie humaine dans la retraite ou l'intimité d'un corpsThe phenomenology of the body is a phenomenological method of corporeality, since this method calls for a radical philosophical break. Maurice Merleau-Ponty's subsequent idea of a reconstruction of subjectivity encompasses the desire to go beyond the metaphysical subject of the transcendental, onto theological or phenomenological substance that runs from Antiquity to Husserl and Sartre, towards the singularity of the one's own body indivisibly subject-object, or better still object-subject. By applying the phenomenological-reflexive approach, the objective of this study is to question the stakes of themerleau-pontian's thought taking into account the achievements of its current reception, especially in the fields of philosophy and human sciences. We dwell particularly on the postulate of the innocuousness of the one's own body, which refers to a kind of original goodness and ethical guarantee of merleau-pontian humanism facing terror. By putting off the metaphysical conception of the body that idealizes man, and revoking the scientific approach as the latter relates it to an object, Maurice Merleau-Pontyestablishes in fact, an ambiguous philosophy which thinks the process of the body by leading to an ontology of the flesh which assumes in the dualism of the seer and the visible as they share together a common fabric. This fabric, which he calls "flesh", is the primordial element that underlies and justifies the body, not as a substratum, but rather as the account of man-to-the-world. However, the phenomenal life of the subject rests on a wrapping of the seer in the visible. This chiasm is a narcissism of the Being, which by the means of the "universal flesh", manages to be perceived in an "entre-deux", the man being only an amplification of this perceptive phenomenon. Even if the merleau-pontian effort to sacralize the body seems at its admissible level, we think that the results of this research remain inconsistent for our time, because man is more than ever in this relation of strangeness to oneself, sacrificed at the alter of otherness. This obliges us to take new paths, to seek the ipseity of the bodily-self in the life of the other. It is essential in our view, that this well-worked valuation of the Sensible in general and corporeality in particular, is not the cause of a disintegration of subjectivity for the exclusive benefit of intercorporeality. On the contrary, it is important for us to show that subjectivity appears as the focus that underlies all human life in the retreat or intimacy of a body
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Figueiredo, Jadismar de Lima. "Corpo próprio, especialidade e mundo percebido em Merleau-ponty." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8345.
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This study it constitutes in a dissertation based on a bibliographic background in which was used as the main source the philosophy’s title ‘Phenomenology of Perception’ by Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Its aim is to analyze the concept of one’s own body and its related spatiality discussed in the mentioned work of the philosopher. At first, it is presented an issue concerning what is the concept of body perceived by physiology as a juxtaposed structure. On the other hand, Merleau-Ponty points to a new understanding of the body, not as constituted bodies, but as one’s own body that is able to recognize its very existence as a living subject, as it is situated in space and not just positioned into it. Trailing the sense of spatiality, Merleau-Ponty discusses about it not in the same wayas addressed by Geography, in which it is possible to think of locations, but still as a point in space where the subject can notice his own body, as perceiver subject. It is the experienced world, lived, in which the subject can recognize his own existence. The notion of space can’t be understood as isolated parts, but with modalities that are associated to the subject. Considering these concepts, it explores also other topics such as intentionality and motricity. The first as a tendency of the one’s own body "to go further" because of its intention to do so and the second as an extension of the body to be able to appropriate the phenomena perceived in order to understand them. It also discusses the concept of perceived world in which the perceiver subject perceives the phenomena and the world in perspective. In addition, he is not alone, as there are other perceiver subjects that carry a peculiarity of ‘I myself’ responsible for the redefinition of the world and the phenomena appropriation through perspectives. There is ‘I myself’ in others, but this can’t be broken into, what is known of it is just what is expressed, communicated. Hence, the importance of the language that is present throughout the discussion not only as verbal language, but as body grammar.
O presente estudo constitui-se em uma dissertação de mestrado fundada em um referencial bibliográfico em que foi utilizada como principal fonte a obra Fenomenologia da Percepção do filósofo Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Seu principal objetivo é analisar o conceito de corpo próprio e sua espacialidade discutida na citada obra do filósofo. A princípio, é apresentado um problema que é o conceito de corpo analisado pela fisiologia como uma estrutura justaposta. Em contrapartida, Merleau-Ponty aponta para uma nova compreensão de corpo, não como constituído de órgãos, mas como corpo próprio, ou seja, que é capaz de reconhecer sua própria existência como um sujeito vivo, pois ele é situado no espaço e não apenas posicionado nele. Tomando como fio condutor o sentido de espacialidade, Merleau-Ponty discorre sobre o mesmo não como um espaço abordado pela Geografia, em que é possível pensar em localizações, mas como um espaço de situação em que o sujeito possa perceber o seu próprio corpo, como sujeito perceptivo. É o mundo experimentado, vivido, no qual o sujeito consegue reconhecer sua própria existência. A noção de espaço não pode ser compreendida como partes isoladas, mas como situação, pois o corpo próprio habita o espaço de seu corpo. Considerando estes conceitos, adentra-se também em outros temas como: a intencionalidade e a motricidade. O primeiro como uma tendência do corpo próprio de se “dirigir para”, porque tem a intenção de fazê-lo, e o segundo como uma extensão do corpo de poder se apropriar dos fenômenos percebidos a fim de compreendê-los. Também é discutido neste trabalho o conceito de mundo percebido em que o sujeito perceptivo percebe os fenômenos e o mundo em perspectivas. Além disso, ele não está sozinho, pois existem outros sujeitos que carregam consigo uma particularidade de Eu segundo a qual este é responsável pela ressignificação do mundo e da apropriação dos fenômenos através de perspectivas. Existe o Eu de outrem, mas este não pode ser invadido, o que se sabe dele é apenas o que é expresso, comunicado. Eis a importância da linguagem que se faz presente em toda a discussão não apenas como linguagem verbal, mas como gramática corporal.
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Grostern, Jessica. "The Effect of a Concomitant Cognitive Task on One’s Unperceived Displacement and Knee Height in Stepping in Place Without Vision: A Kinematic Study." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37033.
Abstract:
While stepping in place without vision, individuals displace linearly and rotate, without perceiving these displacements. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of a concomitant cognitive task and the influence of knee height on these displacements in stepping in place for 50 steps. Sixteen adults (mean age = 22 years) performed four conditions of stepping: normal knee height and high knee height with and without a cognitive task. Antero-posterior (AP) displacement was significantly smaller in dual task than in single task at normal knee height, and AP and medio-lateral displacements were significantly larger at high than at normal knee height for single and dual task. No changes in body rotation were found. These findings suggest that automaticity is involved in the control of stepping in place with a concurrent cognitive task and that one’s attentional capacity is exceeded when stepping in place with high knees and a cognitive task.
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Турянський, Юрій Іванович. "Соматичні права людини в сучасній доктрині конституціоналізму: теоретико-правове дослідження." Diss., Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2020. https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/55975.
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Дисертація присвячена комплексному дослідженню теоретикоправового розуміння сутності, передумов становлення та розвитку, аспектів правової легалізації соматичних прав людини як групи прав нового
покоління у сучасній доктрині конституціоналізму на основі розробленої авторської системи методологіювання. Автором позиціоновано соматичні права як групу новітніх прав четвертого покоління, що пов’язані з тілесністю людини та полягають у можливості реалізації автономної волі людини щодо її цілісного тіла, певного/певних органу/органів чи тканин та біологічних компонентів, які вже відмежовані від тіла, а також можливості щодо модифікації, вдосконалення, видозміни своєї тілесності. Виокремлено ознаки соматичних прав людини та подано авторську позицію щодо структури групи соматичних прав: право на власний геном; репродуктивні права людини; сексуальні права людини; право на трансплантацію органів, тканин, клітин; право на гендерну ідентичність; право людини на модифікацію свого тіла; право на гідну смерть; право на розпорядження своїм тілом та його частинами після смерті; право на вживання наркотиків і психотропних речовин з метою полегшення страждань. Робота містить розширену класифікацію соматичних прав людини: за часом; за особливостями реалізації; за предметом реалізації; за суспільним схваленням; за ціллю реалізації; за нормативним визнанням. Диссертация посвящена комплексному исследованию теоретикоправового понимания сущности, предпосылок становления и развития, аспектов правовой легализации соматических прав человека как группы прав нового поколения в современной доктрине конституционализма на основе разработанной авторской системы методологирования. Соматические права позиционированы автором как группа новейших прав
четвертого поколения, связанных с телесностью человека, которые заключаются в возможности реализации автономной воли человека относительно его целостного тела, определенного/определенных органа/органов или тканей и биологических компонентов, которые уже отделены от тела, а также возможности модификации, усовершенствования, видоизменения своей телесности. Выделены признаки соматических прав и представлена авторская позиция относительно структуры группы соматических прав: право на собственный геном; репродуктивные права человека; сексуальные права человека; право на трансплантацию органов, тканей, клеток, право на гендерную идентичность;
право человека на модификацию своего тела; право на достойнуюсмерть; право на распоряжение своим телом и его частями после смерти; право на употребление наркотиков и психотропных веществ с целью облегчения страданий. Работа содержит расширенную классификацию соматических прав
человека: по времени; по особенностям реализации; по предмету реализации; по общественному одобрению; по цели реализации; по нормативному признанию. As a result of the analysis of international normative acts, monitoring reports, practice of foreign countries, national legislation and law enforcement practice, statistical data, information obtained on the basis of author’s public opinion poll, a comprehensive study of theoretical-legal understanding of essence, preconditions of formation and development, aspects of legal legalization of somatic human rights as a group of rights of the new generation in the modern doctrine of constitutionalism on the basis of the developed author’s system of methodology. The dissertation generalizes the modern understanding of constitutionalism as a legal ideology that has absorbed all positive axiological value categories and postulates of state-building and law-making processes in a democratic state to achieve consensus, harmony and justice of public life, human dignity, human rights and freedoms. The preconditions for the emergence and further development of the group of somatic human rights, in particular, scientific and technological progress, the intercomplementarity of scientific research, changes in social psychology and the
correction of moral and ethical norms are highlighted. The author has proved that the subject of the legal requirement of somatic rights is the corporeality of person, which relates to the personal characteristics of the
individual and can cover not only the existing essence, but also hypothetical changes due to modernization, improvement, modification of their corporeality. Somatic rights are positioned as a group of new fourth-generation rights related to the human corporeality and consist in the possibility of realizing the autonomous will of person in relation to his/her whole body, a certain organ/organs or tissues and biological components that are already separated from the body, as well as opportunities for modification, improvement, change of their body. The signs of somatic rights are singled out and it is proved that in the modern doctrine of constitutionalism the formation of a group of somatic rights can be traced, that does not yet have a clear scientifically formed structure. This is due, in particular, to the progress of technical capabilities in the field of human corporeality. So the author's position on the structure of the group of somatic rights is presented and the following are singled out: the right to one's own genome; reproductive human rights; sexual human rights; the right to transplant organs, tissues, cells; the right to gender identity; the human right to modify one's body; the right to a painless death; the right to dispose of one's body and its parts after death; the right to use drugs and psychotropic substances to alleviate suffering. The work contains an expanded classification of somatic human rights: by time; according to the peculiarities of implementation; on the subject of implementation; by
public approval; for the purpose of implementation; by regulatory recognition. The study substantiates the somatic right of a person to his/her own genome, which provides the right of personal disposal of the primary, unique feature of human corporeality – a genome that carries personal and genetic information of a person in
accordance with established international standards and covers the following regulations: priority of personal integrity; respect for human dignity; prohibition of eugenic practices; respect for genetic diversity; prohibition of genome editing, which aims to modify the germ line; prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of genetic
characteristics; access to personal genetic information; confidentiality of genetic information; The author singles out a group of somatic rights related to a person's sexual identity: the right to sexual health; the right to sexual life, which provides for the possibility of individual choice of sexual life, its presence or absence; the right to protection from sexual exploitation, violence and corruption; the right to protection against injuries of the genitals, which are carried out on non-medical indicators; the right to non-discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation; access to information and education on sexuality and sexual health. The dissertation examines the human right to modify one's body, which is positioned as a somatic right to external identity and consists in the ability of a person to change his/her anatomy or phenotype regardless of the motivating factors that guide
him/her in making such a decision.
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Cazzato, Valentina, E. Mian, A. Serino, S. Mele, and C. Urgesi. "Distinct contributions of extrastriate body area and temporoparietal junction in perceiving one's own and others' body." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9077.
Abstract:
NoThe right temporoparietal cortex plays a critical role in body representation. Here, we applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over right extrastriate body area (EBA) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ) to investigate their causative roles in perceptual representations of one's own and others' body. Healthy women adjusted size-distorted pictures of their own body or of the body of another person according to how they perceived the body (subjective task) or how others perceived it (intersubjective task). In keeping with previous reports, at baseline, we found an overall underestimation of body size. Crucially, EBA-rTMS increased the underestimation bias when participants adjusted the images according to how others perceived their own or the other woman's body, suggesting a specific role of EBA in allocentric body representations. Conversely, TPJ-rTMS increased the underestimation bias when participants adjusted the body of another person, either a familiar other or a close friend, in both subjective and intersubjective tasks, suggesting an involvement of TPJ in representing others' bodies. These effects were body-specific, since no TMS-induced modulation was observed when participants judged a familiar object. The results suggest that right EBA and TPJ play active and complementary roles in the complex interaction between the perceptions of one's own and other people's body.
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ya-wen, Lee, and 李雅雯. "Coping with others’ criticisms on one’s appearance:Effects on emotions, body image and self-esteem." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05509528308345879495.
Abstract:
碩士輔仁大學
心理學系
93
The purpose of the present study was to explore how people cope with others’ criticisms on one’s appearance, and the possible effects of such coping on immediate emotions as well as long lasting body satisfaction and global self-esteem. Basing on data generated from open-ended questionnaires, seven distinct types of coping strategies were derived and used as a framework for writing scale items. Exploratory factor analysis was then conducted and three factors were extracted: “Complete acceptance and self-improvement”, “Total rejection and retort”, and “Compliance and maintaining harmony”. This newly constructed coping scale was administered to 300 university students along with several other established measures. Results revealed that “Complete acceptance and self-improvement” was the most effective coping strategy, as it was related to the inflation of positive emotion, which in turn was beneficial for promoting body satisfaction and global self-esteem.
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Chuang, Chien-Hui, and 莊千慧. "Beauty ! How Cosmetic Surgery Satisfaction, Body Image and Self-Esteem Affect One’s Interaction on Facebook." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45835037609736514458.
Abstract:
碩士輔仁大學
大眾傳播學研究所碩士班
102
In recent years, women of all ages love to become more beautiful. Because of the fast development of the beauty industry, plastic surgery makes some women become "artificial beauty." That makes women exciting also. In Taiwan, many research has focused on the attitudinal and behavioral aspects of cosmetic surgery and degrees of acceptance of such procedure, bur fewer studies discussed psychological and interpersonal aspects of people who received cosmetic surgery. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the relationships among women’s self-perceived body image, self-esteem, satisfaction with the surgery outcome, and their degree of self-disclosure on Facebook. The results showed that the higher the satisfaction towards the outcome of the plastic surgery, the better the perceived body image and the self-esteem. When they are more satisfied with their new appearance, the fewer messages they will disclose on Facebook, especially the information related to plastic surgery. The analyses also showed a negative relationship between the perceived body image and the degree of self-disclosure. In addition, women with higher self-esteem tend to remove their old photos (i.e., pictures taken before their cosmetic surgery) on Facebook, and they are less willing to talk about the topic about plastic surgery. Through this study, the researchers hope that people can have a preliminary understanding of their mental status, and provide a reasonable explanation for their online self-disclosure status. Furthermore, the research will be able to provide some insights for medical staff and others when they care for those women.
Books on the topic "One's own Body":
1
Pantke, Karl-Heinz, and Amos Weisz. Locked-In - Trapped in One's Own Body. Independently Published, 2017.
2
Samraj, Adi Da. Direct Examination of the Structure and the Roots of One's Own Body-Mind Provides Immediate Evidence of the Hierarchical Structure of Reality, and (The ""Basket of Tolerance"" Booklet Series). Dawn Horse Press, 2001.
3
de Vignemont, Frédérique. The Narcissistic Body. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0011.
Abstract:
What is it like to feel one’s body as one’s own? This chapter proposes what may be conceived of as an affective conception, according to which the sense of bodily ownership consists in the awareness of the boundaries of one’s body as having a special significance for the self. This leads to the definition of the phenomenology of ownership as a narcissistic feeling, which arises from the protective frame of reference of bodily experiences, and which should be filed with other affective feelings such as the feeling of familiarity. The chapter then replies to some objections that could be made against the bodyguard hypothesis.
4
Ataria, Yochai, Shogo Tanaka, and Shaun Gallagher, eds. Body Schema and Body Image. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851721.001.0001.
Abstract:
Body schema refers to the system of sensory-motor functions that enables control of the position of body parts in space, without conscious awareness of those parts. Body image refers to a conscious representation of the way the body appears—a set of conscious perceptions, affective attitudes, and beliefs pertaining to one’s own bodily image. In 2005, Shaun Gallagher published an influential book entitled ‘How the Body Shapes the Mind’. This book not only defined both body schema (BS) and body image (BI), but also explored the complicated relationship between the two. The book also established the idea that there is a double dissociation, whereby body schema and body image refer to two different, but closely related, systems. Given that many kinds of pathological cases can be described in terms of body schema and body image (phantom limbs, asomatognosia, apraxia, schizophrenia, anorexia, depersonalization, and body dysmorphic disorder, among others), we might expect to find a growing consensus about these concepts and the relevant neural activities connected to these systems. Instead, an examination of the scientific literature reveals continued ambiguity and disagreement. This volume brings together leading experts from the fields of philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry in a lively and productive dialogue. It explores fundamental questions about the relationship between body schema and body image, and addresses ongoing debates about the role of the brain and the role of social and cultural factors in our understanding of embodiment.
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de Vignemont, Frédérique. The Bodyguard Hypothesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0010.
Abstract:
How are the sense of ownership and the sense of agency related? Does one need to be able to control one’s body to experience it as one’s own? One may suggest that the sense of bodily ownership is grounded in action-orientated representations of the body. However, this agentive hypothesis cannot explain how one can experience as one’s own a rubber hand that is not under control, while not experiencing as one’s own tools that are under control. The chapter then argues that one needs to distinguish between two kinds of hot body maps: the working body map involved in instrumental actions, and the protective body map involved in self-defence. It is proposed that one experiences as one’s own the body represented in the protective body map, which represents the body that has a special significance for the evolutionary needs of the organism.
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Stewart, Pamela J., and Andrew Strathern. Religion and Violence from an Anthropological Perspective. Edited by Michael Jerryson, Mark Juergensmeyer, and Margo Kitts. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199759996.013.0026.
Abstract:
This chapter reviews a variety of anthropological approaches to religion from the work of Emile Durkheim through the contemporary cognitive theory of mind. It specifically investigates the culturally vast interplay of imagination with divinatory processes that legitimate war, witch-hunting, and revenge, and with cosmic postulates which sanctify the imposition of suffering on others and on oneself. Rituals have an important role in either supporting or opposing violence, whether or not they have explicitly to do with spirit worlds. Durkheim has argued that religion was essentially social and founded on the expression of community values, the images of society itself. Religiously sanctioned or enjoined practices of inflicting harm on one's own body depend on cosmology. Tendencies to violence are counterposed to tendencies to benevolence.
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Tooley, Michael. Causes, Laws, and Ontology. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0019.
Abstract:
Different approaches to causation often diverge very significantly on ontological issues, in the case of both causal laws, and causal relations between states of affairs. This article sets out the main alternatives with regard to each. Causal concepts have surely been present from the time that language began, since the vast majority of action verbs involve the idea of causally affecting something. Thus, in the case of transitive verbs describing physical actions, there is the idea of causally affecting something external to one — one finds food, builds a shelter, sows seed, catches fish, and so on — while in the case of intransitive verbs describing physical actions, it is very plausible that they involve the idea of causally affecting one's own body — as one walks, runs, jumps, hunts, and so on.
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de Vignemont, Frédérique. My Body Among Other Bodies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0008.
Abstract:
Are there body representations that are interpersonal, and if so, do they erase the distinction between self and others? This chapter will assess the implications of interpersonal body representations not only for social awareness but also for self-awareness. We shall see that in order to respect bodily congruency, imitation and vicarious bodily sensations exploit body representations that qualify as being shared between self and others. But what exactly is involved in such interpersonal representations? This chapter argues that because body representations can be interpersonal, they are impersonal. One may then ask: does one need a specific ‘Whose’ system for distinguishing one’s own body from other bodies, in the same way that it has been suggested that the sense of agency relies on a ‘Who’ system?
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Connell, Catherine, and Ashley Mears. Bourdieu and the Body. Edited by Thomas Medvetz and Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.26.
Abstract:
Chapter abstract The work of Pierre Bourdieu provides a framework to see how class position is written on the body and expressed through classed styles of walking, talking, gesturing, eating, drinking, and so forth. This chapter considers how Bourdieu’s work on the body has informed and advanced empirical research on the body. From Bourdieu’s perspective, each body is the visible product of the composition and volumes of class-specific capitals accrued over the course of a lifetime, and it can be a powerful resource, or liability, depending upon the fit between one’s bodily capital and the field in which one is positioned. In particular, the chapter considers how women’s bodies have signified status for men’s class projects far more than the reverse, one of the many gendered implications of bodily capital and class reproduction.
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de Vignemont, Frédérique. Over and Above Bodily Sensations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0003.
Abstract:
At first sight, Martin (1995) provides a promising reductionist account of the first-personal character of bodily ownership in spatial terms: it is sufficient to feel sensations as being located in a part of one’s body to experience this body part as one’s own. There is nothing over and above the location of the sensations. However, Martin’s view fails to account for the following two puzzles. First, one generally experiences no ownership towards tools although one can feel some sensations as being located in them. Secondly, one can experience a sense of disownership towards one’s own limbs despite still feeling sensations in them. What these puzzles reveal is that we should not confuse the feeling of bodily presence and the feeling of bodily ownership: one can be aware of the body as a bounded object in a larger space without being aware of it qua one’s own body
Book chapters on the topic "One's own Body":
1
Grieve, Patricia. "A skin of one's own." In When the Body Speaks, 191–208. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198079-10.
2
Brugger, Peter. "The Self and Its Avatars in Neuropsychiatry." In Actor & Avatar, 45–53. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839467619-005.
Abstract:
In this article, Peter Brugger provides an overview of various reduplications of the own body and self as seen in neuropsychiatric practice. Duplications can be primarily visual or exclusively somaesthetic, depending on lesion location. Phenomenal detail matters, for instance whether handedness of one's double is maintained or reversed, whether the double is recognized as a second self or experienced as an uncanny shadow, or whether the localization of the observer's perspective is apparently detached from the own body. Such details inform neuropsychiatry of the intimate and tight relationships between body and self which are yet highly malleable in special circumstances
3
Yrjönsuuri, Mikko. "Perceiving One’s Own Body." In Theories of Perception in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy, 101–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6125-7_7.
4
Scholz, Susanne. "Imagined Individuals: A Body of One’s Own." In Body Narratives, 38–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287686_3.
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Horne, Ann. "Towards a voice of one’s own." In On Children Who Privilege the Body, 152–67. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351171281-11.
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Lawrence, Susan. "The cerebral mind versus the body mind." In On Being One's Self, 77–98. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003266624-4.
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Gennart, Michèle. "Ethos, Embodiment, Psychosis: Losing One’s Home-Identity Stakes." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice, 77–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_9.
Abstract:
AbstractIn reference to phenomenology, the living body, feeling and acting, is approached as having an essential mediating function: at the same time, it brings us into the world and supports our identity. In “Tania Z’” story, she falls into a serious crisis following her parents’ decision to sell the shared family home. She experiences this not only as a betrayal but also as a loss of the “envelope” that previously allowed her to move safely in the world. She feels hurt even in her own body space and loses her ability to continue living.Tania Z speaks to us in a revealing way of the singular status of the home: a cultural work that can be possessed, transmitted, or destroyed according to certain social rules. But it is also, like the body, a privileged space of the “self,” with the loss of which the subject may be threatened in her or his ability to survive. This is at least what happens in situations of vulnerability where the person needs to rely on a stable physical space to gather as one’s self and feel safe in the world.
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Heppner, Marie Marleen. "“How It Should Look Like”: The Importance of the Perception of Others and Tacit Knowledge for One’s Own Body Movement in Olympic Weightlifting." In The Social Meaning of the Senses, 133–49. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38580-4_9.
9
Young, Iris Marion. "A Room of One's Own: *." In On Female Body Experience, 155–70. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0195161920.003.0009.
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"CHAPTER 2 The Body I Was Born In Governing Sex and Embodiment Repertoires during the Era of the Biomedical Transition." In A Body of One's Own, 65–104. University of Texas Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/328606-004.
Conference papers on the topic "One's own Body":
1
Semkova, Maria. "REACTIONS OF THE SYSTEM OF MUSCULAR SEALS OF THE NECK TO SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATIONS OF ONE'S OWN BODY." In XVIII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2919.sudak.ns2022-18/302.
2
Khvatov, Ivan A., Alexander N. Kharitonov, and Alexey Yu Sokolov. "FERRETS MAY LEARN AWARENESS IF THEIR OWN BODY LIMITS." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact105.
Abstract:
"The study of the ability of self-awareness (self-awareness, the ability to perceive one's own body and mental properties separately from objects of the external world) in animals contributes to the study of the specifics of human consciousness. One of the aspects of self-awareness is body-awareness, which is expressed in the ability of an animal to take into account the physical parameters of its body when regulating behavior. We studied the ability of ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) to be aware of the limits of their own bodies. To solve the experimental problem, the animals had to choose holes suitable in size for penetration in the partition that divided the sections of the experimental setup. The shapes and sizes of the holes varied. We have used both small area holes that are suitable for penetration and large areas that are not suitable for penetration. It was found that all 6 animals participating in the experiment were able to choose a hole suitable for penetration from the first trial, despite the fact that it was smaller than the unsuitable one in area. In 18 test trials, ferrets made 105 successful penetrations and 3 unsuccessful attempts. This distribution differs from the uniform one (?2 = 97.25; df = 2; p <0.01). None of the individuals showed a significant reduction or increase in unsuccessful attempts to penetrate the holes This data may indicate that ferrets have knowledge of the boundaries of their bodies and the ability to compare them with the parameters of the penetration hole."
3
Pinho, Anna Beatriz Araujo de, and Jéssica Larissa Reis e. Silva. "The use of group practices as a therapeutic tool: an experience report." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-076.
Abstract:
Abstract "A group process can sensitize each subject in its uniqueness, and bring about interesting transformations in their everyday relationships - with themselves, with others, with the world." (SAMEA, 2008, p. 89). Thus, the group can add to its participants new experiences, providing new perceptions about everything that involves this subject. "The group space enables the contact and recognition of one's own doing, its limits and facilities; the observation of the other's doing, the perception of similarities and contrasts, and the potentialization of doing together." (SAMEA, 2008, p. 88). Thus, this paper seeks to present the course of the discipline "Group Dynamics and Body Activities" and point out the possibilities of using the group as a powerful resource for intervention in various professions.
4
Etumyan, L. A. "РАЗЛИЧИЯ В САМОВОСПРИЯТИИ И СКЛОННОСТИ К НАРУШЕНИЮ ЗДОРОВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ У ЖЕНЩИН С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ МАССОЙ ТЕЛА." In ПЕРВЫЙ МЕЖКОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ ЭКСТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС «ПЛАНЕТА ПСИХОТЕРАПИИ 2022: ДЕТИ. СЕМЬЯ. ОБЩЕСТВО. БУДУЩЕЕ». Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54775/ppl.2022.88.72.001.
Abstract:
The study involved 137 women with various values of body mass index, aged 17 to 72 years (mean age 35 years). The first group included 81 women with insufficient and normal body weight. The second group was formed by women with overweight and obesity in the amount of 56 people. Analysis of data collected using the Thomas Cash Multimodal Body Attitude Questionnaire (MBSRQ, Thomas F. Cash) showed differences corresponding to the following scales: Overweight Preoccupation, Self-Classified Weight, and Body Areas Satisfaction. Women from the second group are characterized by a more accurate idea of their own weight and a higher concern about being overweight. Satisfaction with body parameters was more pronounced in the group of women with insufficient and normal body weight, which suggests that satisfaction with body parameters in modern society is very often accepted in combination with a slender body. To study the phenomenon of an unhealthy lifestyle of a person and the tendency to neglect one’s own body, we used the questionnaire “Healthy Behavior Disorders” by E.L. Lutsenko, O.E. Gabelkova. Differences were found on the Self-Injurious Behavior scale. For women with insufficient and normal body weight, conscious or unconscious self-harm is more common. Other scales did not differ significantly in the two samples. It was also found that in the total sample (n=137), the actual weight has only one correlation out of 9 scales of the “Healthy Behavior Disorders” methodology – a direct correlation with eating disorders. At the same time, in overweight preoccupation we found significant associations with four out of nine scales: eating disorders, craving for alcohol, chasing a fashionable image, and a general indicator of propensity to violate healthy behavior. This suggests that the subjective rejection of one's weight can bring more negative consequences than actual excess weight. В исследовании участвовали 137 женщин с различными значениями индекса массы тела в возрасте от 17 до 72 лет (средний возраст 35 лет). В первую группу вошли 81 женщина с недостаточной и нормальной массой тела. Вторую группу сформировали женщины с избыточной массой тела и ожирением в количестве 56 человек. Анализ данных, собранных с помощью мультимодального опросника отношения к собственному телу Томаса Кэша (MBSRQ, Thomas F.Cash) показал различия, соответствующие шкалам: озабоченность лишним весом, самооценка веса и удовлетворенность параметрами тела. Для женщин из второй группы характерно более точное представление о собственном весе и более высокая озабоченность лишним весом. Удовлетворенность параметрами тела оказалась более выражена в выборке женщин с недостаточной и нормальной массой тела, что говорит о том, что удовлетворенность телесными параметрами в современном обществе очень часто принимается в сочетании со стройным телом. Для изучения феномена нездорового образа жизни человека и тенденции к пренебрежению собственного тела мы использовали опросник «Нарушения здорового поведения» Е.Л. Луценко, О.Е. Габелковой. Были выявлены различия по шкале Самоповреждающее поведение. Для женщин с недостаточной и нормальной массой тела более свойственно осознанное или бессознательное нанесение себе повреждений. Другие шкалы значимо не различались в двух выборках. Также было выявлено, что в общей выборке (n=137) фактический вес имеет лишь одну корреляцию из 9 шкал методики НЗП – прямая с нарушениями питания. При этом по показателю озабоченность лишним весом мы выявили значимые связи с четырьмя из девяти шкал: нарушения питания, тяга к алкоголю, погоня за модным имиджем, и общий показатель склонности к нарушениям здорового поведения. Это свидетельствует о том, что субъективное неприятие своего веса может принести больше негативных последствий, чем фактический лишний вес.
5
Firdaus, Dwi, Deana Dewi, Ismail Rusfien, Dini Valdiani, and Henny Suharyati. "When Body Shaming on Social Media Harms One’s Mental Health, Who’s to Blame?" In Proceedings of the 1st Pedagogika International Conference on Educational Innovation, PICEI 2022, 15 September 2022, Gorontalo, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.15-9-2022.2335885.
6
Balan, Valeria, and Georgeta Mitrache. "Study in Connection with the Development of One’s Body Schema through the Specific Means of Swimming." In 5th International Congress on Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.06.50.
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Gameiro and Marcelo Gonçalves. "Review of Body Language Posture, and an Exercise Called “Power Posing Challenge” to Improve One’s Confidence." In 5th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200331.032.
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Inoue, Yoshiyuki, and Mir Tareque Ali. "A Study of Slowly Varying Drift Forces on Multi-Body Floating System." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28121.
Abstract:
The mean and slowly varying drift forces play a vital role in the study of the behavior of moored offshore structures, because their mean periods are close to the natural period of oscillation of the system that causes large motion amplification. The present study is based on far-field method where the velocity potential is calculated by 3D sink-source technique. The numerical calculations have been carried out for a parallel arrangement of FPSO and an LNG carrier. The numerical accuracy in the determination of the wave exciting forces and the hydrodynamic reacting forces influences the motion response that eventually affects the drift forces and moments of each body. The computations of motion responses and drift forces are carried out for a number of different wave heading angles and for different separation distances between the FPSO and LNG carrier. The numerical results are compared with the experimental ones to justify the validity of the improved numerical accuracy of the present computations. It has been observed that due to the lack of accuracy in the numerical scheme adopted for the computer code, the computed results of drift forces and moments sometimes shows completely opposite trend than that of the experimental ones.
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Mohammed, Obaidur Rahman, Shabbir Memon, and Hamid M. Lankarani. "Pedestrian Collision Responses Using Legform Impactor Subsystem and Full-Sized Pedestrian Model on Different Workbenches." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87904.
Abstract:
Car-pedestrian collision fatalities have been reported for a significant number of roadside accidents around the world. In order to reduce the lower extremity injuries in car-pedestrian collisions, it is important to determine the impact forces on the pedestrian and conditions that the car frontal side impacts on the lower extremities of the pedestrian. The Working Group 17 (WG17) of the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) has developed a legform subsystem impactor and procedure for assessing pedestrian collisions and potential injuries. This research describes a methodology for the evaluation of the legform impactor kinematics after a collision utilizing finite element (FE) models of the legform and cars and comparing the simulation results with the ones from a multi-body legform model as well as a 50th percentile male human pedestrian model responses. Two approaches are carried out in the process. First, the collision strike simulations with the FE model using an FE lower legform is considered and validated against the EVVC/WG17 regulation criteria. Secondly, the collision strike simulations with a multi-body legform and an ellipsoidal multi-body car model are conducted to compare the responses from the FE model and the multi-body model. The results from the impact simulations of FE legform and the multi-body legform are also compared with the ones from a full-size pedestrian model at constant speeds. All the models and simulation in this are using the LS-DYNA nonlinear FE code, while the multibody legform, car, and full-sized pedestrian models are developed and evaluated in MADYMO. The results from this study demonstrate the differences between the subsystem legform and the full-size pedestrian responses as well as suitability of various FE and multibody models related to pedestrian impact responses. Different workbenches comparisons with finite model and ellipsoidal models gives more better correlation to this research.
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Harrison, Harold. "Producing and Measuring the 3rd Body Layer." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8095.
Abstract:
Abstract Decades of measuring friction conditions at the wheel-rail interface have resulted in widely varying answers produced by different measurement methods and devices. This variation is a result of many factors, some of which are difficult to quantify and control, especially under field conditions. One of these variables is the presence of an unknown 3rd body layer material, whose accumulation on the wheel and rail surfaces affect the value of independent tests performed to quantify the nominal state of wheel on rail in actual operating conditions. This paper describes a series of tests undertaken to understand the creation of the 3rd body layer from the starting point of clean wheel and rail surfaces and how that can lead to new standard practices for field testing. A 2 × 2 matrix of wheel and rail conditions is defined to help formalize the discussion of the production and measurement of the 3rd body layer. Case 1 is the nominal virgin state of the two materials. This is actually fairly hard to produce. Almost any process and/or handling will leave some films on both surfaces. Lab tests typically start in this state after cleaning/degreasing the surfaces following machining or sanding. Cases 2 and 3 are potentially the same (clean wheel or rail), however, the more likely case is Case 2 where some existing location on actual track is chosen to determine its current state, thus the use of a Tribometer using a clean wheel. Case 4 represents the nominal state of most track with passing vehicles where the current environmental/ambient conditions encourage a particular set of 3rd body wear products. This formalization helps reveal the prior common practices that have produced assumptions of what is the ‘correct’ value and how that has created a bias in one’s thinking of what really exists in normal revenue service. This issue is particularly consequential in attempting to quantify the benefit of the friction modifiers that are being adopted across the railroad industry.
Reports on the topic "One's own Body":
1
Salazni, Mariana, and Andrew Powell. Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): No. 8 : December, 2007. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008259.
Abstract:
REVELA analyzes market expectations of growth and inflation in Latin America countries. The figures analyzed represent the results of surveys of private sector actors conducted by the central banks of the each country according to their own specific methodologies. They do not represent official projections by the IDB or any other official body. RES collects the results of these surveys from participating central banks on a monthly basis to produce a report and a set of illustrative graphs and tables. In this December issue, REVELA reports that although we are at the end of 2007, expectations of growth and inflation for this year continue to change. 2007 Growth expectations increased in eight countries and the ones for 2008 increased in five countries, principally in Costa Rica and Uruguay. The average expected growth rate is now 4.95% for 2008. Inflation expectations however continue to move up for most countries surveyed for both years 2007 and 2008. The expected average rate of inflation for 2008 for the countries surveyed rose from 6.78% to 7.27%. Indeed in no country surveyed did expectations for inflation for 2008 fall.
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Gajera, Hardik, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, and Sonu Mathew. Influence of Level 1 and Level 2 Automated Vehicles on Fatal Crashes and Fatal Crash Occurrence. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2034.
Abstract:
Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are expected to improve safety by gradually reducing human decisions while driving. However, there are still questions on their effectiveness as we transition from almost 0% CAVs to 100% CAVs with different levels of vehicle autonomy. This research focuses on synthesizing literature and identifying risk factors influencing fatal crashes involving level 1 and level 2 CAVs in the United States. Fatal crashes involving level 0 vehicles—ones that are not connected and automated—were compared to minimize unobserved heterogeneity and randomness associated with the influencing risk factors. The research team used the fatal crash data for the years 2016 to 2019 for the analysis. A partial proportionality odds model is developed using crash, road, and vehicle characteristics as the independent variables and the fatal crash involving a vehicle with a specific level of automation as the dependent variable. The results of this research indicate that level 1 and level 2 CAVs are less likely to be involved in a fatal crash at four-way intersections, on two-way routes with wide medians, at nighttime, and in poor lighting conditions when compared to level 0 vehicles. However, they are more likely than level 0 vehicles to be involved in a fatal crash with pedestrians and bicyclists. Comparative analysis between vehicles with smart features and other vehicles indicated that pedestrian automatic emergency braking (PAEB) and lane-keeping assistance (LKA) improve the safety by reducing possible collision with a pedestrian and roadside departure, respectively. Contrarily, vehicles with other smart features are still highly likely to be involved in fatal crashes. This research adds to the growing body of literature that will identify potential areas for improvement in the safety of vehicular technologies and road geometry.
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Wilkinson, Annie, Hayley MacGregor, Ian Scoones, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Melissa Leach, Peter Taylor, Santiago Ripoll, Shandana Khan Mohmand, Syed Abbas, and Tabitha Hrynick. Pandemic Preparedness for the Real World: Why We Must Invest in Equitable, Ethical and Effective Approaches to Help Prepare for the Next Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2023.002.
Abstract:
The cost of the Covid-19 pandemic remains unknown. Lives directly lost to the disease continue to mount, while related health, livelihood and wellbeing impacts are still being felt, and the wider ramifications across society, politics and the economy are yet to fully materialise. What is known about these costs though, is that they have been unequally distributed both within and between countries. Preparedness plans proved inadequate in many settings – especially when it came to protecting those most vulnerable, including those marginalised by geography, poverty, or exclusion along the lines of religion, ethnicity or gender. The top-down, surge-style, biomedically dominated and technologically driven preparedness approach that has dominated global health thinking and which was propelled into action with Covid-19 was found wanting not only on the grounds of effectiveness, but also of social justice. This presents both a challenge and an opportunity for a convergence of the preparedness and development agendas. Drawing on a growing body of social science evidence, this report contends that securing health in the face of today’s uncertain disease threats in often unpredictable settings means making social, economic and political priorities as core to the preparedness agenda as biological and technological ones. We present here a framework for a vision of pandemic preparedness for the real world – one that accepts that context is paramount, embraces inclusivity and justice, shifts power centres and rejects simplistic, one-size-fits-all solutions.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John McMurtry, and Isaac Plavnik. Thermotolerance Acquisition in Broiler Chickens by Temperature Conditioning Early in Life. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580676.bard.
Abstract:
The research on thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life was focused on the following objectives: a. To determine the optimal timing and temperature for inducing the thermotolerance, conditioning processes and to define its duration during the first week of life in the broiler chick. b. To investigate the response of skeletal muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract to thermal conditioning. This objective was added during the research, to understand the mechanisms related to compensatory growth. c. To evaluate the effect of early thermo conditioning on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during 3 phases: (1) conditioning, (2) compensatory growth, (3) heat challenge. d. To investigate how induction of improved thermotolerance impacts on metabolic fuel and the hormones regulating growth and metabolism. Recent decades have seen significant development in the genetic selection of the meat-type fowl (i.e., broiler chickens); leading to rapid growth and increased feed efficiency, providing the poultry industry with heavy chickens in relatively short growth periods. Such development necessitates parallel increases in the size of visceral systems such as the cardiovascular and the respiratory ones. However, inferior development of such major systems has led to a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under extreme conditions. Thus, acute exposure of chickens to extreme conditions (i.e., heat spells) has resulted in major economic losses. Birds are homeotherms, and as such, they are able to maintain their body temperature within a narrow range. To sustain thermal tolerance and avoid the deleterious consequences of thermal stresses, a direct response is elicited: the rapid thermal shock response - thermal conditioning. This technique of temperature conditioning takes advantage of the immaturity of the temperature regulation mechanism in young chicks during their first week of life. Development of this mechanism involves sympathetic neural activity, integration of thermal infom1ation in the hypothalamus, and buildup of the body-to-brain temperature difference, so that the potential for thermotolerance can be incorporated into the developing thermoregulation mechanisms. Thermal conditioning is a unique management tool, which most likely involves hypothalamic them1oregulatory threshold changes that enable chickens, within certain limits, to cope with acute exposure to unexpected hot spells. Short-tem1 exposure to heat stress during the first week of life (37.5+1°C; 70-80% rh; for 24 h at 3 days of age) resulted in growth retardation followed immediately by compensatory growth" which resulted in complete compensation for the loss of weight gain, so that the conditioned chickens achieved higher body weight than that of the controls at 42 days of age. The compensatory growth was partially explained by its dramatic positive effect on the proliferation of muscle satellite cells which are necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. By its significant effect of the morphology and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during and after using thermal conditioning. The significant effect of thermal conditioning on the chicken thermoregulation was found to be associated with a reduction in heat production and evaporative heat loss, and with an increase in sensible heat loss. It was further accompanied by changes in hormones regulating growth and metabolism These physiological responses may result from possible alterations in PO/AH gene expression patterns (14-3-3e), suggesting a more efficient mechanism to cope with heat stress. Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind thermal conditioning step us forward to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PO/AH response, and response of other major organs. The thermal conditioning technique is used now in many countries including Israel, South Korea, Australia, France" Ecuador, China and some places in the USA. The improvement in growth perfom1ance (50-190 g/chicken) and thermotolerance as a result of postnatal thermal conditioning, may initiate a dramatic improvement in the economy of broiler's production.
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Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, Rina Meidan, Charles R. Staples, and Israel Flamenbaum. Hormonal and Nutritional Stretegies to Optimize Reproductive Function and Improve Fertility of Dairy Cattle during Heat Stress in Summer. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568773.bard.
Abstract:
The BARD program includes two main parts. In the first, experiments were conducted to complete our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of reproductive functions under heat stress. Experiments focused on follicular development and function, since results obtained in our previous BARD project indicate that the preovulatory follicle is susceptible to heat stress. The theca cells, sensitive to thermal stress, produced less androgen during the summer, as well as during the autumn. Similarly, luteinized theca cells obtained from cows in summer produced much less progesterone than in winter. Granulosa cells and luteinized granulosa cells were less susceptible to heat stress. A delayed effect of heat stress on follicular development, on suppression of dominance and on steroid production by theca and granulosa cells was noted. This may be related to the low fertility of cows during the cool months of autumn. In the second part, experiments were conducted aiming to improve fertility in summer. The timed AI program was developed using two injections of GnRH coupled with PGF2a. It was found effective in improving reproductive performance in lactating cows. Limitations induced by heat stress on estrus detection were eliminated with the timed AI management program. Replacing the second injection of GnRH with hCG instead of GnRH agonist increased plasma progesterone levels post ovulation but did not improve fertility. Use of the timed AI program in summer, shortened days open and increased the net revenue per cow, however, it did not protect the embryo fiom temperature-induced embryonic mortality. Incorporation of a GnRH-agonist implant into the timed AJ program was examined. The implant increased plasma progesterone and LH concentrations and altered follicular dynamics. The use of a GnRH-implant enhanced pregnancy rate in cows with low body conditions. In a timed embryo transfer experiment, the use of fresh or frozen in vitro produced embryos was compared in the summer to improve fertility. The use of flesh embryos (but not frozen ones) improved pregnancy rate, however, substantial embryonic death occurred between 21 and 45 days. The timed AI program, which is now being used commercially, shortened days open, and increased pregnancy rate during summer. Other approaches which were found to improve fertility in small-scale studies, need to be tested again in large-scale field trials.
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Quality Education for Peru's Emerging Classes. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006012.
Abstract:
Upwardly mobile Peruvians who want to invest in their children's education have few choices of private elementary and secondary schools that provide solid and modern academic grounding at reasonable rates. Finding topnotch yet affordable private schools in emerging neighborhoods where they live is even harder.The Inter-American Development Bank's Opportunities for the Majority Initiative (OMJ) is supporting a sustainable and market-based solution for Peru's emerging social classes. Colegios Peruanos is a private company whose schools will help children obtain an education on par with international standards and give them competencies to be citizens and employees in modern economies. OMJ is lending Colegios Peruanos up to $15 million to grow its network of private "Innova Schools from five to 26, and increase its student body by 23,000 by expanding two existing schools and building 21 new ones in upwardly mobile neighborhoods in Lima and other Peruvian cities.