Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Onde gravitationnelles'
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Le, Bars Julien. "Etude du bruit quantique dans la détection interférométrique des ondes gravitationnelles." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066200.
Full textDrezen, Christine. "Utilisation de caméras CCD pour le contrôle du détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles VIRGO : élaboration d'une interface VME et analye d'images." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10147.
Full textLassus, Antoine. "Méthode de détection de sources individuelles d'ondes gravitationnelles par chronométrie d'un réseau de pulsars : application aux données de l'EPTA." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017215.
Full textGrave, Xavier. "Etude de methodes pour la recherche, avec le detecteur virgo d'ondes gravitationnelles emises par des etoiles a neutrons." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112105.
Full textDelva, Pacôme. "Outils pour la gravitation expérimentale et applications aux interféromètres et cavité à ondes de matières." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066417.
Full textBacon, Philippe. "Graphes d'ondelettes pour la recherche d'ondes gravitationnelles : application aux binaires excentriques de trous noirs." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC113/document.
Full textIn december 2015 the LIGO detectors have first detected a gravitational wave emitted by a pair of coalescing black holes 1.3 billion years ago. Many more observations have been realised since then and heralded gravitational waves as a new messenger in astronomy. The latest detection is the merge of two neutron stars whose electromagnetic counterpart has been followed up by many observatories around the globe. These direct observations have been made possible by the developpement of advanced data analysis techniques. With them the weak gravitational wave inprint in detectors may be recovered. The realised work during this thesis aims at developping an existing gravitational wave detection method which relies on minimal assumptions of the targeted signal. It more precisely consists in introducing an information on the signal phase depending on the astrophysical context. The first part is dedicated to a presentation of the method. The second one presents the results obtained when applying the method to the search of stellar mass binary black holes in simulated Gaussian noise data. The study is repeated in real instrumental data collected during the first run of LIGO. Finally, the third part presents the method applied in the search for eccentric binary black holes. Their orbit exhibits a deviation from the quasi-circular orbit case considered so far and thus complicates the signal morphology. This third analysis establishes first results with the proposed method in the case of a poorly modeled signal
Ritter, Patxi. "Ondes gravitationnelles et calcul de la force propre pour un astre compact en mouvement autour d'un trou noir super-massif." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2038/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on modelling the gravitational waves and the relativistic motion associated to Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral (EMRI) systems. These systems consist of a stellar mass compact object gravitationally captured by a super-massive black hole. In black hole perturbation theory, we further develop a numerical method which computes waveforms generated by a point mass particle orbiting a Schwarzschild black hole. The Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli wave equation is solved in time domain. The gauge invariant solution is related to the polarisation modes, the energy and the angular momentum carried by the gravitational waves. In reaction to the energy and the moment lost, the trajectory is modified all along. In the MiSaTaQuWa formalism, we compute the self-force acting upon a point particle which is initially at rest, and then falling into a Schwarzschild black hole. We show how this quantity is defined in the Regge-Wheeler gauge by using the mode-sum regularisation technique. We take into account the self-force effect on the motion of the particle by using an iterative and osculating orbit method conceived herein. We quantify the orbital deviation with respect to the geodesic motion, but also the perturbed wave forms and the associated radiated energy
Pierra, Grégoire. "Cosmologie avec les sirènes sombres et populations de binaires de trous noirs avec les ondes gravitationnelles de LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10162.
Full textGravitational waves constitute a new probe for exploring the Universe and studying cosmic phenomena that were previously inaccessible. This thesis is based on gravitational wave data collected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA scientific collaboration detectors. The first part of this work focuses on cosmology with dark sirens, a method that uses binary black hole mergers to measure cosmological distances and infer the value of the Hubble constant, without requiring an electromagnetic counterpart. It also presents ICAROGW, a hierarchical Bayesian inference code that uses gravitational wave data and models describing the astrophysical properties of black holes, such as their masses, distances, and spins, to estimate the Hubble constant. The second part of this study tests in particular the robustness of the dark siren method for cosmology. It explores the impact of binary black hole population parameterization on the estimation of the Hubble constant, especially when certain astrophysical processes are not modelled. The third part focuses on the search and identification of subpopulations of binary black holes in the universe. It examines how different formation channels can influence the intrinsic characteristics of these compact objects, particularly through po- tential correlations between their mass and spin. The existence of these correlations would be indicative of the presence of subpopulations of black holes, such as hierarchical black holes, resulting from previous mergers. Finally, the manuscript concludes with a study on the use of machine learning methods to improve the quality of the Virgo interferometer data and detect the presence of non-Gaussian noises. This work also explores the potential integration of iDQ results into gravitational wave signal detection algorithms, thereby aiming to strengthen the confidence level in these detections
Lamine, Brahim. "Effets physiques des ondes gravitationnelles : décohérence gravitationnelle des interféromètres et décohérence du mouvement de la Lune." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066554.
Full textDelva, Pacôme. "Outils théoriques pour la gravitation expérimentale et applications aux interféromètres et cavités à ondes de matière." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268764.
Full textl'observation de phénomènes quantiques macroscopiques. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons quelques applications possibles des ondes de matière pour les expériences de gravitation en champ faible. En première partie, nous développons des outils génériques pour la description théorique des expériences en relativité générale. Nous les appliquons dans la seconde partie: nous calculons la sensibilité des interféromètres à ondes de matière à l'effet Lense-Thirring, puis aux ondes gravitationnelles, et nous les comparons aux interféromètres laser. Enfin nous calculons la probabilité de changement d'état d'une cavité à onde de matière en interaction avec une onde gravitationnelle.
Benabed, Karim. "Effets de lentille gravitationnelle sur le rayonnement de fond cosmique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001288.
Full textRegimbau, Tania. "Etoiles à neutrons et ondes gravitationnelles." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122061.
Full textpermettant de retrouver les propriétés statistiques de la population
réelle des pulsars radio galactiques à partir de l'échantillon
observé biaisé par des effets de sélection. Nous confirmons que
les étoiles à neutrons ne naissent pas en majorité comme des
rotateurs rapides et que le champ magnétique ne subit pas de dissipation
notable pendant la phase pulsar. La connaissance de la population totale
nous permet d'une part d'étudier la sous-population des magnétars et
d'autre part de modéliser la contribution des pulsars à
l'émission gravitationnelle (galactique et extra-galactique) et d'en
déduire sa détectabilité par les antennes
interférométriques comme VIRGO. La connaissance des
propriétés statistiques de la population détectable par VIRGO
nous permet d'optimiser la recherche individuelle dans l'espace des
paramètres (fréquences et directions du ciel). Quant au fond de
rayonnement gravitationnel stochastique d'origine astrophysique, nous
montrons qu'il pourrait être détecté dès la deuxième
génération d'interféromètres en corrélant entre eux deux
détecteurs.
Ejlli, Damian. "Ondes gravitationnelles de l'Univers primordial et leur détection." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077265.
Full textIn this thesis we study several aspects regarding the nature of gravitational waves and their detection. Gravitational waves in the present days are object of intensive theoretical studies and are interesting from the detection point of view. At present there are several detectors aiming their detection from many compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes. In connection with that, in this thesis we study graviton emission by primordial black holes in the early universe and predict their spectrum. After the Bing Bang the density of the primordial plasma which composed the universe was too high and the probability of gravitational collapse of malter into compact object, namely black holes could have been high. Once these objects are being formed they start interacting effectively between each other emitting gravitons by several mechanisms. We study graviton emission by light primordial black holes as a result of quantum and classical scattering between them, graviton emission by binary systems of primordial black holes and graviton evaporation through Hawking mechanism. The spectrum of emitted gravitons is quite wide starting from the lower part of few Hz and ending at very high frequencies above the GHz. The predicted spectrum could be reveled by planned space interferometers such as DECIGO in the lower part of it. The high frequency part of the spectrum is difficult to observe because there are no such a high sensitive detectors in order to detect it. Because of this difficulty we constructed a new way in order to observe it through the mechanism of graviton to photon oscillation. This mechanism is possible whenever a gravitational wave couples to a background magnetic field and as a result is generated a non trivial energy-momentum tensor which curves the space-time. Based on present day limits on the strength of large scale magnetic field we predict an isotropic electromagnetic background of extragalactic origin which could fill the universe. Such a back-ground arises due to the fact that gravitons evaporated by primordial black holes could oscillate into photons in magnetic field. Moreover we show that this background can be the main component of the Cosmic X-ray Background for massive black holes or even explain it without requiring obscured AGNs
Bohé, Alejandro. "Production d'ondes gravitationnelles par les cordes cosmiques avec jonctions." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077203.
Full textCosmic strings are predicted to form in a wide variety of models in the early universe but so far, they have never been observed. One of the most promising ways to do so relies on their emission of gravitational wave bursts (at singular points on the strings called cusps and kinks) which could be detectable by the current generation of interferometers (LIGO-VIRGO) or by the future space interferometer LISA. In this thesis, we focus on a particular class of models of cosmic strings in which junctions (points at which several strings are attached) can form. We first discuss the formation and the evolution of cosmic strings with and without junctions. We show that strings with junctions generally contain many more kinks than ordinary cosmic strings. Consequently, the signal from a network of loops with junctions differs significantly from the predictions for ordinary strings. We discuss the observability of this signal and the associated constraints on the parameter space of the strings
Aoudia, Sofiane. "Capture des étoiles par les trous noirs et ondes gravitationnelles." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4103.
Full textKazeroni, Rémi. "Explosion asymétrique des supernovae gravitationnelles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS315/document.
Full textA core-collapse supernova represents the ultimate stage of the evolution of massive stars.The iron core contraction may be followed by a gigantic explosion which gives birth to a neutron star.The multidimensional dynamics of the innermost region, during the first hundreds milliseconds, plays a decisive role on the explosion success because hydrodynamical instabilities are able to break the spherical symmetry of the collapse.Large scale transverse motions generated by two instabilities, the neutrino-driven convection and the Standing Accretion Shock Instability (SASI),increase the heating efficiency up to the point of launching an asymmetric explosion and influencing the birth properties of the neutron star.In this thesis, hydrodynamical instabilities are studied using numerical simulations of simplified models.These models enable a wide exploration of the parameter space and a better physical understanding of the instabilities, generally inaccessible to realistic models.The non-linear regime of SASI is analysed to characterize the conditions under which a spiral mode prevails and to assess its ability to redistribute angular momentum radially.The influence of rotation on the shock dynamics is also addressed.For fast enough rotation rates, a corotation instability overlaps with SASI and greatly impacts the dynamics.The simulations enable to better constrain the effect of non-axisymmetric modes on the angular momentum budget of the iron core collapsing into a neutron star.SASI may under specific conditions spin up or down the pulsar born during the explosion.Finally, an idealised model of the heating region is studied to characterize the non-linear onsetof convection by perturbations such as those produced by SASI or pre-collapse combustion inhomogeneities. The dimensionality issue is examined to stress the beneficial consequences of the three-dimensional dynamics on the onset of the explosion
Gourgoulhon, Eric. "Étoiles à neutrons, étoiles de quarks, trous noirs et ondes gravitationnelles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004260.
Full textAngonin, Marie-Christine. "Quelques études de gravitation observationnelle et expérimentale." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007838.
Full textTavernarakis, Alexandros. "Design, realization and stabilization of quantum optical injection system for ultra-sensitive quantum opotomechanics experiments." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066599.
Full textCavity Optomechanics, that is the study of the interaction between an optical cavity mode and a mechanical degree of freedom, has known impressive evolution over the past decade, to become a new field at the union of condensed matter physics and optics. One of the major goals of this discipline is to test and study quantum mechanics using macroscopic systems. Among the most fundamental problems the community aims to address is the question of the quantum limits in position measurement. Quantum mechanics predicts that any measurement comes along with a backaction, which perturbs the state of the measured system. Moreover, it is expected to be conjugated with the quantum noise of the measurement apparatus (called measurement noise) used to probe the system. The optimal sensitivity is reached whenever both the measurement and the backaction noise are identical, a situation which can be assimilated to the acceptance of Heisenberg's inequality for the measurement apparatus. In cavity optomechanics, the mode of an optical cavity is used as a measurement apparatus of the position of a mechanical resonator which is expected to be responsible for the back-action imprecision. However, this so-called radiation pressure quantum back-action has never been observed to date, while it remains a decisive step towards understanding quantum measurement processes. We describe in this manuscript the study of radiation pressure effects in cavity optomechanics. We introduce the optomechanical system we have developed, which consists in a cm-scale ultra high Q (~ 106 ) plano-convex mechanical resonator incorporated into a ultra-high finesse (~ 300 000) Fabry-Pérot cavity. We present two important results we obtained with this system. First, we were able to report the first direct observation of radiation pressure in real-time, based on establishing pump-probe correlations. We were also able to demonstrate for the first time nonlinear backaction effects related to substantial improvement of position measurement sensitivity. We explain why demonstrating quantum back-action requires ultra-high stability of the optical mode. We present important changes made to the previous experimental setup, notably on the laser source, on the detection and the stabilization of the experiment. We then describe a new optomechanical detection technique providing an independent measurement of the cavity detuning. Finally, we present a proof-of-principle experiment allowing to extract quantum optomechanical correlations at room temperature
Vincent, Stéphane. "Calcul des fréquences d'oscillations des modes axisymétriques des étoiles à neutrons en rotation." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4067.
Full textIn the same way that asteroseismology provides information about the interior of stars, the eventual detection of neutron star oscillation would impose constraints on the equation of state of nuclear matter. In the present work, the fundamental and first overtone frequencies of 1=0 modes of rotating neutron stars are calculating by taking into account the fluid and metric perturbations. We have found that the frequencies vary according to the incompressibility of the nuclear matter and the compactness of the equilibrium configuration. The detection possibility of an oscillating neutron star by the future generation of laser interferometers like advanced-LIGO and EGO was also examined, but it depends strongly on the energy released as well as on the fraction channelled into gravitational waves. We have shown that a signal could be detected by EGO up to 122 Mpc
CANITROT, PHILIPPE. "Detection des ondes gravitationnelles emises par des etoiles binaires compactes spiralantes avec l'interferometre virgo." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112001.
Full textTrinquet, Hervé. "Caractérisation de la source laser du détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles VIRGO." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135165.
Full textHervé, Rémy. "Etude de l'impact des fonds d'ondes gravitationnelles sur la polarisation de la lumière." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00220466.
Full textKreckelbergh, Stéphane. "Contrôle longitudinal et caractérisation optique du détecteur VIRGO." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012159.
Full textThe Virgo detector aims at direct detection of the gravitational waves emitted by astrophysical objects. Essentially, it is a Michelson interferometer with arms constituted by 3 km long Fabry-Perot cavities which use the recycling technique. To reach the required sensitivity, the instrument must be maintained at its working-point using both angular and longitudinal controls. This thesis covers my work on the algorithm implemented in the Global Control to control the four characteristic lengths of the interferometer within a few nanometres, as part of the Locking process. To achieve this result, we use the Pound-Drever technique, which provides for an optical cavity a signal sensitive to its length compared to the resonance position. The algorithm brings simultaneously the four caracteristics lengths on the half fringe of the Michelson interferometer. Next, our deterministic algorithm brings the instrument to its working point in a few minutes. Another part of this work deals with in situ measurements of optical parameters critical to an interpretation of the behaviour of the instrument. Finally, we will interest on the coupling between the angular control and the longitudinal control techniques. We show the mechanism and we evaluate his impact on the locking of Virgo
Lamine, Brahim. "Effets physiques des fonds d'ondes gravitationnelles : décohérence intrinsèque dans les interféromètres." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006936.
Full textfait l'objet d'un effort international très intense. Au delà des signaux recherchés par ces détecteurs, l'existence
de fonds d'ondes gravitationnelles s'étalant sur une large plage de fréquences est prédite par les modèles
astrophysiques et cosmologiques décrivant l'Univers. Ces fonds d'ondes gravitationnelles sont un élément important
de notre environnement gravitationnel. Dans cette thèse, on étudie leur effet sur les propriétés de cohérence des
systèmes physiques. Cette interaction est à l'origine d'une décohérence que l'on étudie théoriquement à l'aide de
la fonctionnelle d'influence de Feynman-Vernon. L'effet est petit pour des systèmes microscopiques comme des atomes
ou des photons circulant dans des interféromètres, mais il devient dominant pour les systèmes macroscopiques comme
par exemple le mouvement du centre de masse de la Lune. Au vu de ces résultats, il est important de se demander si
cette décohérence gravitationnelle pourrait être mise en évidence expérimentalement à l'aide par exemple d'un
système mésoscopique dont on pourrait suivre la perte de cohérence. Cette question correspond à un modèle
complètement calculable de transition classique-quantique induite par les fluctuations intrinsèques de
l'espace-temps.
Hebri, Salem. "Etudes de la pression de radiation dans les interféromètres utilisés pour la détection des ondes gravitationnelles." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175254.
Full textvoir les effets de la pression de radiation sur le verrouillage longitudinal de la cavité, les effets du ressort optique angulaire etc. Dans une autre partie de la thèse j'observe les effets de la pression de radiation dans les bras de Virgo et l'existence des effets du ressort optique sur les degrés angulaires qui n'empêchent pas le bon fonctionnement de l'alignement. Enfin, je décris ma participation dans la recette de Virgo, qui consiste essentiellement à travailler sur les contrôles du système d'injection et leurs optimisations.
Hebri, Salem. "Études de la pression de radiation dans les interféromètres utilisés pour la détection des ondes gravitationnelles." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4103.
Full textThe Virgo detector is a Michelson interferometer with 3 km Fabry Perot cavities in the arms and using the power recycling technique. The main aim is the direct detection of gravitational waves emitted by astrophysical sources. The injection system is constituted essentially by a triangular 144 m long cavity with the middle mirror suspended called the Mode Cleaner, capable of selecting the TEM00 mode only. The suspended mirror is very light (360g), which can make it sensitive to the photon pressure. I developed some simulation codes for a triangular cavity with all controls identical to a real Virgo mode cleaner. These codes can be used for other studies. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to studying the effects of the radiation pressure on the mode cleaner for the lock acquisition, the optical angular spring etc. In the second part, I made the same simulation for studying the effect of the radiation pressure in 3 km long Virgo cavities, essentially on the optical angular spring, which can make problems for the automatic alignment on Virgo. Finally, I describe my participation to the Virgo commissioning, which primarily consists in working on control systems for the system of laser beam injection and their optimization
DOMINJON, AGNES. "Recherche des ondes gravitationnelles avec l'interferometre virgo : etude et conception de l'ensemble de detection du signal." Chambéry, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CHAMS017.
Full textGrüning, Pierre. "Développement et exploitation d'un simulateur électro-optique pour le futur détecteur spatial à ondes gravitationnelles eLISA." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01307782.
Full textGravitational waves have been predicted by Einstein near a century ago. They are disturbances of space-time traveling at the speed of light and are carrying unique informations about their sources. These sources are various, form the Big Bang to massive objects like black holes. The effect of a gravitational wave is very tiny, the distance variation is at the order of picometer for a 1 million km distance. Thus, their detection is very challenging and needs very performant detectors. Te eLISA project is the first space based detector which aims to do gravitational wave astronomy and which will be made of a laser interferometer with 1 million km arms. Many noises will disturb this detector, this noises must be well known and reduced in order to reach the required sensitivity. The most important noise will corne from the laser itself. In a classic equal arm Michelson type interferometer, the laser frequency noise cancels. On eLISA the arm lengths are not constant because of the orbitography of the satellites. Thus a noise reduction algorithm called TDI will be applied on the measured data to reduce the noise level. The TDI technic must be tested in experimental conditions and this is the goal of this thesis which describes an electro-optical simulator, the LOT, aiming to simulate eLISA and noise reduction technics such as TDI. This thesis presents the hardware simulator and the experiences realized as well as the results we obtained
Pradier, T. "Etude d'algorithmes pour la detection de signaux impulsifs d'ondes gravitationnellesControle de la cavite mode-cleaner de VIRGO." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006567.
Full textVitale, Salvatore. "Approximate methods in description and detection of gravitational waves." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066249.
Full textClapson, André-Claude. "Recherche de signaux impulsionnels sur le détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles Virgo." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085885.
Full textLes sources astrophysiques attendues sont principalement les coalescences de systèmes binaires d'objets compacts et les supernovas gravitationnelles. Les amplitudes des signaux sont à la limite de la sensibilité de l'instrument, les taux d'événements observables sont faibles et les formes d'ondes mal connues, notamment pour les effondrements gravitationnels.
L'analyse des données repose sur la recherche de signaux de faible amplitude dans du bruit coloré. Dans ce contexte, ce travail propose l'utilisation de décompositions temps-fréquence des séries temporelles pour la détection de signaux courts. Les performances de cette approche sont estimées en simulation et comparées à celles d'autres méthodes de détection disponibles dans la communauté.
Une autre difficulté pour l'analyse est la présence de structures spectrales étroites dans la distribution d'énergie en fréquence des données. Elles proviennent de résonances mécaniques des miroirs et du système d'isolation sismique de l'instrument. L'utilisation de filtres de Kalman pour éliminer ces bruits bien modélisés avant l'analyse est présentée. Le problème essentiel
de l'estimation des paramètres du modèle est traité, avec l'objectif d'une réestimation dynamique.
Enfin ces outils sont appliqués aux données Virgo disponibles, avec comme résultat principal la mise en évidence de sources de bruits instrumentaux importantes, dont la suppression demandera une amélioration du fonctionnement et une meilleure isolation de l'environnement.
BRACCO, CHRISTIAN. "I. Action d'une onde gravitationnelle sur la lumiere. Application aux theories scalaires-tensorielles. Ii. Observations avec un photometre rapide." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5322.
Full textGermain, Vincent. "De l'étalonnage d'Advanced Virgo à la recherche d'ondes gravitationnelles émises par des coalescences de binaires compactes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY101/document.
Full textThe era of gravitational astronomy began with the first detection of a gravitational wave on September 14, 2015, by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration. The first detections come from coalescences of black holes with masses of a few tens of solar masses. The European detector Advanced Virgo restarted in 2017 to participate in the next detections of gravitational waves and to locate the astrophysical sources.This thesis deals with the different stages of the gravitational waves detection process: from the calibration of the Advanced Virgo detector to low-latency analysis of the LIGO-Virgo interferometer network data. First, the objectives, method and results of the detector calibration are described. This step is crucial for understanding the sensitivity of the detector and for reconstructing the amplitude of the gravitational wave. A new algorithm, SilenteC, developed during the thesis is then detailed: its objective is to identify the sources of non-stationary noises that limit the sensitivity of the analysis. Some transient noises are non-linear and SilenteC tries to identify this type of contribution. Finally, low-latency MBTA analysis for the detection of gravitational wave signals from compact binary coalescences is described. In particular, emphasis is put on the study of vetos making it possible to distinguish the astrophysical signals to be selected and the transient noises to be rejected as efficiently as possible
Cipriano, Francesco. "Recherche de matière noire scalaire légère avec des détecteurs d'ondes gravitationnelles." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4040.
Full textThe existence of the dark matter and the truth beyond its nature has been one of the greatest puzzles of the twentieth century and still it is nowadays. In the last decades several hypotheses, such as the WIMPs model, have been proposed to solve such puzzle but none of them has been able so far to succeed.In this thesis work we will focus on another very appealing model in which dark matter is successfully described by an ultra-light scalar field whose origin can be sought in the low-energy limit of one of the most promising unification theories: the String Theory.In this work we show how such scalar field, if present, interacts with standard matter and in particular with the optical apparatus that is at the core of gravitational waves antennas. We derive and discuss the signal produced by this interaction through different approaches deriving both approximated and exact solutions. Special attention is paid to the second-order term of the signal approximate series expansion whose contribution ends up to be not negligible when one factors in the specific geometrical dimensions and frequency range of gravitational waves detectors like Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo.A suggested by recent surveys we assume presence of a dark matter stream in the local neighborhood of the solar system and show its effect on the signal.We then propose and discuss a hierarchical statistical analysis aimed to the signal detection. In case of no detection a limit curve for the coupling parameter dg* is derived. Such curve is then analyzed in detail showing the magnitude of the contribution of the first-order and second-order terms of the signal series expansion. We analyze the modification of the constraint curve due to the variation of the fraction of local dark matter belonging to the stream. We show finally how the constraint curve responds to variations of the search parameter and discuss the optimal choices
Ducrot, Marine. "Etude des cavités optiques de filtrage de sortie du détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles Advanced Virgo." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY046/document.
Full textAbout 100 years after their prediction by Albert Einstein gravitational waves produced by the coalescence of two black holes were observed on the 14th of September 2015, opening the field of gravitational wave astronomy and a new way to study gravitation. The small amplitude of gravitational waves requires specific and very sensitive detectors. Advanced Virgo is a second generation kilometric interferometer dedicated to the detection of gravitational waves. A necessary element to reach the required sensitivity is the filtering optical system named the Output Mode Cleaner or OMC, placed at the output of the interferometer, and composed of two optical cavities. This thesis shows the study and characterization of this optical system. This work informed the selection of the two optical cavities actually installed in the Advanced Virgo detector. The filtering performances and impact of the OMC on the detector sensitivity are also described
Ramonet, Julien. "Etude de méthodes d'analyse en vue de détecter les ondes gravitationnelles émises par des pulsars avec l'interféromètre Virgo." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003878.
Full textCette thèse présente le contrôle du système de synchronisation de Virgo, la simulation du signal émis par les pulsars en système binaire et deux méthodes adaptées à la recherche de tels objets. Les principes de ces méthodes, les puissances de calcul nécessaires et les performances sont détaillés.
Riou, Isabelle. "Vers la détection d’ondes gravitationnelles par interférométrie atomique en cavité : nouvelles géométries optiques et premier dispositif." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0579/document.
Full textIn September 2015, the LIGO detector realized the first direct observation of gravitational waves. This ground-based detector, as well as the European detector VIRGO, is based on purely optical technologies. These instruments are extremely sensitive around 100 Hz but they are limited below few tens of Hertz by several sources of cavity length noise (seismic noise, Newtonian noise...) that mimic the effect of a gravitational wave.The idea of the MIGA (Matter wave-laser based Interferometer Gravitation Antenna) is to couple an optical interferometer with several atom interferometers spatially separated to be sensitive to gravitational waves at lower frequencies (typically around 1 Hz). The cold atoms are launched in a fountain configuration and are then split, deflected and recombined by laser pulses generated in a 300 m long optical cavity. These laser pulses will benefit from the intrinsic optical gain of the resonator, which will allow them to reach the needed power to generate high order Bragg transitions and to improve the sensitivity of the atom interferometers. Each interferometer measures the local gravitational field and the motion of the cavity. The seismic noise can be rejected by doing differential measurements and by reconstructing the spatial gravitational field, one can differentiate the gravitational wave signal, which is a pure gradient at the scale of our instrument, from the Newtonian noise that has a spatial signature.The 300 m long cavities will be implemented at the LSBB laboratory in Rustrel, where the antenna will benefit from an outstanding low noise environment. This instrument will allow to map the gravitational field of the site which will be of great interest for the geological study of the karstic massif.In the frame of this project, a preliminary experiment is currently under construction at the LP2N laboratory whose objective is to generate a 87Rb interferometer in a cavity in a atomic fountain configuration. This instrument uses a new architecture of half-degenerate optical resonators to manipulate coherently the atomic cloud with Bragg transitions
Andres, Nicolas. "Optimisation de la chaîne d'analyse MBTA et développement d'une méthode d'étalonnage de la réponse fréquentielle du détecteur d'onde gravitationnelle Virgo." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CHAMA029.
Full textThe LIGO Virgo collaboration marked the beginnings of gravitational astronomy by providing direct evidence of their existence in September 2015. The detection of gravitationnal wave coming from a binary black holes merger led to the physic's Nobel price. This field has since experienced a great growth, each discovery of which allows an advance in disciplines such as astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics. At the end of each observation period, the detectors are stopped and many aspects are improved. This work is part of the preparation phase between period O3 and O4 beginning in May 2024 to configure interferometers in their advanced states in order to optimize their sensitivities. Calibration then becomes crucial in order to accurately reconstruct the signal containing gravitational wave information, allowing detection and the production of scientific results such as the measurement of the Hubble constant, etc. An instrumentation work has been carried out, allowing an accurate and regular measurement of the time stamp (timing) of the readout sensing chain of the interferometer signal, which must be mastered better than 0.01 ms for the purpose of a joint analysis of the detectors network data.Many devices for the calibration of the interferometer rely on the reading of control signals by photodetectors whose frequency response has been assumed to be flat. In order to avoid any bias introduced in the reconstruction of the signal, a measurement method must be developed for a frequency calibration of each photo detector involved. Two methods are compared for use in the O5 period.In addition, the increasing sensitivity of the detectors means more detections. Collaboration analysis chains need to follow instrumental improvements by developing new tools to optimize real-time and off-ligne signal search. The MBTA Low Latency Analysis Chain is one of 4 collaboration analysis pipelines focusing on the search for compact binary coalescences by combining independent data analysis from all 3 detectors. It has many powerful noise rejection tools, but does not take into account any astrophysical information a priori. Through the accumulation of data in previous observation periods, the collaboration was able to establish more accurate mass distribution models for compact binary coalescence populations. During my thesis, a new tool was developed by the MBTA team using this new information, aimed at estimating the probability of origin of events (astrophysics or not) and at classifying the nature of the astrophysical source. This tool finally made it possible to restructure the global analysis chain by using it as the main parameter for classifying events according to their level of significance. The collaboration produces low-latency public alerts for multi-messenger astronomy, providing information related to detected signals common to the different analytical pipelines. Not knowing in advance the preferences of the different experiences partners of the LIGO Virgo collaboration to define the optimal parameters allowing multi-messenger detections, it was decided to test another method to implement similar astrophysical information in the MBTA analysis chain. A technique for including astrophysical information directly in the parameter defining the ranking by significance level of candidate events is presented. This method makes it possible to improve research by providing better discrimination between astrophysical and background noise events. By considering the observation period O3 this method makes it possible to increase the number of detection by 10% with MBTA , detections that have been confirmed by the other chains of analysis
Bernard, Laura. "Dynamique des systèmes binaires d'objets compacts & théories de gravité massive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066121.
Full textThe first part of this thesis deals with massive gravity theories. There has been a renewal of interest in these theories since the discovery of the acceleration of the expansion of the universe, because they could explain it without having to resort to a cosmological constant. The discovery in 2010 of a coherent theory of massive gravity, named dRGT, has opened a vast and promising field of investigation. In this thesis we determine, in a metric and covariant formulation, the linearization around arbitrary backgrounds of these theories and their bimetric extension. This result then allows us to count with a Lagrangian method the number of degrees of freedom that are propagating. The second part of this thesis concerns gravitational waves in general relativity and especially the dynamics of coalescing compact binary systems. This work is important in view of their detection by interferometric detectors, both terrestrial and spacial. We study the dynamics of compact binary systems in general relativity, using the approximation method based on post-Newtonian developments (PN). We derive the equations of motion to 4PN order in harmonic coordinates. We use a method based on a Fokker action adapted to the post-Newtonian formalism, in particular deriving the tail effects appearing at 4PN
Frey, Valentin. "Recherche de signaux d'ondes gravitationnelles transitoires de longue durée avec les données des détecteurs advanced Virgo et advanced LIGO." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS247/document.
Full textThis thesis shows the results of the search of long duration transient gravitational waves using the data from the first two observation runs of advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo detectors. These long duration gravitational waves are mainly emitted by neutrons stars or black hole involved in extreme phenomena. For some sources, a modeling involving a complex dynamics and hydrodynamic instabilities can predict roughly the waveform. Nevertheless, for the general case, only a partial informations on the duration and frequency band are used to limits the parameters space. A time-frequency analysis, sturdy enough to modeling incertitude, has been developed and applied to the data. Combining data from two detectors in a coherent way, the analysis can distinguish between signal and detector's non gaussian background noise. In the absence of detection, we have placed upper limits on the energy emitted and the expected rate for these sources. A search for the expected signal emitted by the object created after the neutron stars coalescence and merger observed in August 2017 (GW170817) was also made assuming a supra-massive neutron star was created and survived hundred of seconds after the merger. No signal has been found and we have shown that detectors of an order of magnitude more sensible would have been required to detect a signal from this source
Straniero, Nicolas. "Étude, développement et caractérisation des miroirs des interféromètres laser de 2ème génération dédiés à la détection des ondes gravitationnelles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10319/document.
Full textIn the year of 2015 the construction of the 2nd generation of detectors devoted to gravitational waves is going to be completed. These are large laser Michelson interferometers with arm respectively 3 km (Advanced Virgo) and 4 km (Advanced LIGO) in length. The gravitational waves, predicted by Einstein in 1916 within his theory of general relativity, have not been observed by the first generation of detectors. However, interferometers are now on the way of being ten times more sensitive than before, and so, on the 100th anniversary of the establishment of general relativity, the era of gravitational wave astronomy can start. If laser interferometer will be able to reach unprecedented sensitivity, it is thanks to new technological developments. In particular the new state of the art mirrors installed in the interferometer arms have exceptional performances. This thesis details the design, the development and the characterization of these remarkable large mirrors. My work will deal with the cavity optical loss due to the diffused light itself linked to the mirrors surface quality and to the high reflectivity coating uniformity. By studying the surface flatness, we will understand how it could be influenced by the deposition technique implemented in the coating machine. We will see also how to measure the mirror surfaces by wavelength shifting Fizeau interferometer. Finally, we will detail how we proceeded in order to reach the tight specifications for the mirrors, with in the end only tens of ppm for the cavity round trip losses
Ritter, Patxi. "Ondes gravitationnelles et calcul de la force propre pour un astre compact en mouvement autour d'un trou noir supermassif." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920959.
Full textNissanke, Samaya Michiko. "Aspects théoriques de la forme des ondes gravitationnelles pour les phases spiralante et de fusion des systèmes binaires compacts." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077053.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the theoretical prediction of the gravitational waveform for the inspiral and eventual merger of compact binaries, le. Systems of two black holes or neutron stars. Such waveforms are essential for detecting and measuring gravitational waves by ground-based and space-based laser interferometers. In developing theoretical waveform templates for such systems, the thesis addresses two important areas. Firstly, we study gravitational radiation reaction effects on isolated matter systems in the post-newtonian approximation of general relativity. The formalism is applied to the computation of the radiation reaction force in the equations of motion of a compact binary system at the 3. 5pn order in harmonic coordinates (in both a general frame and the centre-of-mass frame). Secondly, we propose astrophysically motivated freely specifiable initial datathat are in agreement with post-newtonian results for numerically modelling binary black hole mergers
Bondu, François. "Etude du bruit thermique et stabilisation en fréquence du laser du détecteur interferométrique d'ondes gravitationnelles VIRGO." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002892.
Full textLa configuration de l'interféromètre rend le bruit de fréquence du laser négligeable si le laser est asservi en fréquence. La stabilisation de fréquence se fera en deux étages, l'un qui asservit la fréquence sur la longueur d'une cavité courte, le deuxième qui asservit sur les grands bras de l'interféromètre. Le premier étage a été construit. J'ai vérifié que ses performances remplissent les spécifications. La stabilité de fréquence obtenue se révèle être exceptionnelle.
Barsuglia, Matteo. "Stabilisation en fréquence du laser et contrôle de cavités optiques à miroirs suspendus pour le détecteur interférométrique d'ondes gravitationnelles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006570.
Full textMorvidone, Marcela. "Etude et comparaison d'algorithmes de détection optimale pour les signaux modulés en amplitude et en fréquence : applications aux ondes gravitationnelles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11063.
Full textGrave, Xavier. "Etude de méthodes pour la recherche avec le détecteur VIRGO d'ondes gravitationnelles émises par des étoiles à neutrons." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003045.
Full textDans une première partie, l'étoile à neutrons et son émission d'ondes gravitationnelles, sont présentées. Ensuite le détecteur, les principales sources de bruits, ainsi que la solution adoptée pour l'étalonnage sont décrits.
Puis dans une seconde partie la modélisation des effets dus aux mouvements de la terre (effet Doppler, modulation d'amplitude) est décrite. Leurs conséquences sur le rapport signal sur bruit sont déterminées.
Les deux derniers chapitres sont consacrés aux algorithmes de recherche de signaux périodiques. Tout d'abord le cas où la position de la source est connue est présenté. Le ralentissement de la rotation de la source et la correction de cet effet sont décrits. La correction de l'effet Doppler est aussi détaillée. De même, le problème de la gestion du gigantesque flot de données à traiter est abordé, et une solution y est apportée. Finalement la difficulté de recherche multidirectionnelle est présentée. Des prototypes d'algorithmes hiérarchiques sont aussi évalués.
Casanueva, Diaz Julia. "Control of the gravitational wave interferometric detector Advanced Virgo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS209/document.
Full textThe first detection of a Gravitational Wave (GW) was done on September 14 th of 2015 by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration with the two LIGO detectors. It was emitted by the merger of a Binary Black Hole, providing the first direct proof of the existence of Black Holes. Advanced Virgo is the upgraded version of the Virgo interferometer and it will join the LIGO detectors in the next months. The passage of a GW on Earth induces a change on the distance between test masses (experiencing only the gravitational interaction) in a differential way. This distance variation is proportional to the amplitude of the GW however the largest displacement observable on Earth will be of the order of 10⁻¹⁹ m/sqrt(Hz). Taking this in account, a Michelson interferometer is the ideal instrument to detect this differential effect. GWs detectors will use suspended mirrors to behave as test masses. The passage of a GW will cause a change on the distance between the mirrors that will spoil the interference condition, allowing some light to leak to the detection photodiode. However, a simple Michelson interferometer does not provide enough sensitivity. For this reason the first generation of detectors added Fabry-Perot cavities in the arms, in order to increase the optical path. A second change was the addition of an extra mirror in order to recycle the light that comes back towards the laser, to increase the effective power, creating a new cavity also known as Power Recycling Cavity (PRC). Its effect is more important when the Michelson is tuned in an optimal way in a dark fringe. All the mirrors of the detector are affected by the seismic noise and so their distance is continuously changing. It is necessary to control the longitudinal and angular position of the cavities in order to keep them at resonance. During my thesis I have studied the control of Advanced Virgo using simulation and during the commissioning itself. First of all I have simulated the control strategy used in Virgo using modal simulations. The aim was to check if the same strategy could be applied to Advanced Virgo or if it needs adaptation. In Advanced Virgo the Fabry-Perot cavities have a higher finesse, which arises new dynamical problems and requires a special control strategy that I have modified to match the commissioning needs. Regarding the PRC, we have studied the impact of its stability on the performance of the interferometer. As it is very close from the instability region, the electrical field inside will be very sensitive to alignment and matching of the laser beam. We have checked using simulations its impact on the longitudinal controls, which can become unstable, and a solution has been validated. Then I have used this information during the commissioning of the Advanced Virgo detector. In this thesis the details of the commissioning of the longitudinal and angular control of the interferometer will be presented. It includes the frequency stabilization, which has a key role in the control of the interferometer, since it is the dominant noise
Filloux, Charline. "Croissance et évolution des trous noirs supermassifs : simulations cosmologiques." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4107.
Full textThe presence of supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies seems to be a well established fact and their masses are correlated with properties of their host galaxies. This thesis aim to bring some answers about the origin of these correlations, studying the coeval evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes through cosmological simulations. The galaxy evolution is followed according to the star formation history and corresponding feedback mechanisms. Black holes grow from primordial 100 solar masses seeds that accrete matter mainly through a viscous gaseous disk. Our simulations indicate that the spherical accretion (Hoyle-Bondi accretion) is not efficient enough to produce very massive black holes but seeds are able to grow up to masses of 109 solar masses by accreting through a disk. In this case; the different correlations involving the black hole mass and the velocity dispersion, the stellar mass or the host halo mass are well reproduced. Our work indicates that these relations are strongly affected by the feedback either of supernovae or of black holes themselves. The present simulations indicate that the evolution of the aforementioned relations follow a hierarchical pattern, although some observations seem to suggest that seeds grow faster than their host halos. Finally, we have also investigated the emission of gravitational waves resulting from the capture of compact stars by supermassive black holes or by the coalescence of black holes during a merger of two galaxies