Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Onde de surfaces'
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Grigorescu, Fusellier Mariana Cristina. "Source d'ions micro-onde pour le traitement de grandes surfaces." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112161.
Full textBIGNARDI, Samuel. "Complete Waveform Inversion Approach To Seismic Surface Waves And Adjoint Active Surfaces." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388824.
Full textGALAL, TAREK. "Interactions ondes electromagnetiques et surfaces rugueuses : applications a la surface cutanee." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2007.
Full textLurton, Thibaut. "Modélisation et simulation de l'interaction entre onde électromagnétique et surfaces de mer." Télécom Bretagne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TELB0118.
Full textThe aim of this thesis consists in numerically modelling the interaction between an electromagnetic wave emitted by an airborne observation radar and a maritime scene, i. E. An expanse of sea water of determined physical characteristics, possibly bearing one or several objects of metallic constitution on its surface, with a given temporal evolution. To this end, the study we carried out draws on different numerical modelling techniques for electromagnetic wave propagation: to begin with, the Finite-Differences Time-Domain (FDTD) technique was investigated, then the Transmission-Line Matrix method, inherited from the microwave domain, was studied. Each of the two methods is applied to the behaviour of the electromagnetic wave locally, in the vicinity of the sea surface only, the free space propagation simulation being undertaken through geometrical means. We propose a brief critical survey of the appropriateness of numerical methods and of their feasibility, particularly in terms of computation resources. After this theoretical study, we follow the development and implementation of the solution retained. We subsequently present several applications of our simulation method: radar cross section evaluation for small sea patches, derivation of reflectivity maps, extension of the radar cross section estimation to a large sea zone, yielding of the sea surface roughness influence upon the backscattered power, simulation of the synthetic aperture radar observation of a manufactured object in a sea scene, and comparison of the observation of static and moving sea scenes. The area of application of the work presented here is wide. The frame for the thesis is the MODENA development project, led at the Breton regional level, and whose objective is the development of radar acquisition simulation tools above the ocean's surface. In that respect, the theoretical and practical advances detailed in this thesis report widen the scope of the
Tard, Benoît. "Etudes des intéractions gaz-surfaces diamant par gravimétrie sur résonateur à onde acoustique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066821.
Full textDel, Puppo Hélène. "Dépôt chimique en phase vapeur d'oxyde de silicium dans une post-décharge micro-onde." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0177.
Full textTendero, Claire. "Torche plasma micro-onde à la pression atmosphérique : application au traitement de surfaces métalliques." Limoges, 2005. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3c9e4646-8574-4285-bb20-e6e41db94246/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0065.pdf.
Full textThis project is aimed at applying an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torch to the treatment of metallic substrates. More precisely the applications are, on one hand, the oil removal from Al2024 samples and their surface oxidation before painting and on the other hand, cleaning TA6V substrates before welding. First of all optimal working conditions are defined thanks to investigations about the plasma behaviour by optical emission spectroscopy and electromagnetic calculations. This study puts the light on the fact that the plasma is ionizing, its electronic temperature is about 16500 K and the density of active species is favoured by a 600 W feeding power, a high plasma gas flow rate and a substrate location as close to the basis of the plasma jet as possible. The torch is quite efficient to remove oil from substrates and oxidise them in so far as the surface energy is improved (it increases from de 32 mN/m to 72 mN/m) and the native oxide layer thickness is doubled
Radisson, Damien. "Collage direct sur surfaces structurées." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY086/document.
Full textDirect bonding is a process by which two sufficiently flat and clean surfaces can bond to each other without any added adhesive layer. Direct bonding of patterned surfaces is often used for the fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), where a silicon wafer with cavities is bonded to a plain wafer. The fabrication of these devices is expensive and it would be useful to have guidelines when designing knew devices to know in advance if direct bonding will be possible.A 2D simulation model of the direct bonding of two substrates is developed and usedto study the influence of the cavities on the bonding wave velocity. The prediction of the simulation run with Comsol® are in good coherence with the experimental measures and a 2D law of the bonding velocity is obtained. The bonding of perfectly flat wafers with cavities should always be possible. Limitations to the bonding of real wafers are due to the elastic energy cost of deforming the non perfectly flat wafers. This limit is reached easily when the bonding wave must cross a trench, so a design with a small bonding guide to help cross the cavity will work best. The width of this wave guide should be chosen by considering the bow of the wafer. Indeed the second important design rule is to keep a bonding area big enough to have more adhesion energy than the elastic energy cost due to non flat wafers deformation.The adhesion energy is an important parameter of the direct bonding, as it is theenergy that drives the adhesion. This adhesion energy is different from the more widely known bonding energy which is the energy needed to separate two previously bonded wafers. In this work a simple method to measure the adhesion is proposed. Long time measurement of the evolution of the adhesion energy lead us to propose a mechanism for its evolution linked to the formation of capillary bridges between rough surfaces
Benali, Abdelhamid. "Étude de la diffraction d'une onde électromagnétique par des surfaces conductrices ou diélectriques localement déformées." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21207.
Full textGao, Qi. "Estimation des ressources en eau sur les surfaces continentales par télédétection micro-onde multi-capteurs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30137.
Full textThe estimation of the water resources of the continental surfaces at a regional and global scale is fundamental for good water resources management. This estimation covers a wide range of topics and fields, including the characterisation of soils and water resources at the basin scale, hydrological modelling and flood prediction and mapping. In this context, the characterisation of the states of the continental surface, to obtain better input parameters for hydrological models, is essential to improve the precision in the simulation of flows, droughts, and floods. The estimation of the water content in the system, including the different water bodies and the free water in the soil, is especially necessary for a precise description of the hydrological processes and, in general, of the water cycle on the continental surfaces. To better characterise hydrological processes, human interventions cannot be neglected. Humans influence the water cycle, mainly through irrigation and the construction of reservoirs, which must be correctly quantified. The objective of the thesis is the improvement of the remote estimation of water resources, including the quantification of human factors, using several sensors recently launched, taking advantage of recent developments in remote sensing technology. With the arrival of the Sentinel constellations (Sentinel-1, 2, 3), we have better tools to estimate water resources, including human impacts, with greater precision and coverage. This thesis consists mainly of two parts where human interventions in the water cycle are considered: irrigation cartography (as an application of soil moisture), and the forcing of reservoirs in hydrological simulations (as an application of altimetry). Firstly, soil moisture is estimated from the statistical analysis of Sentinel-1 SAR data. Two methodologies are developed to obtain soil moisture with a spatial resolution of 100 m based on the interpretation of Sentinel-1 data collected with the VV polarization (vertical-vertical), which is combined with optical data of Sentinel-2 for the analysis of the effects of vegetation. Secondly, irrigation is mapped under various meteorological conditions, including high spatial and temporal resolution
Dupont, Florent. "Télédétection micro-onde de surfaces enneigées en milieu arctique : étude des processus de surface de la calotte glaciaire Barnes, Nunavut, Canada." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070037.
Full textDupont, Florent. "Télédétection micro-onde de surfaces enneigées en milieu arctique : étude des processus de surface de la calotte glaciaire Barnes, Nunavut, Canada." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5306.
Full textKouali, Mohammad. "Diffusion d'une onde électromagnétique par un objet au-dessus d'une surface rugueuse : problème vectoriel 3D." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2036.
Full textIn this work, we study the electromagnetic scattering from complex scenes, especially in the maritime context. Applications of this domain of research are different such as: Remote sensing of natural surfaces, knowledge of the environment (sea state, salinity, pollution detection,…), detection of obstacles in its natural environment (water, drifting objects, planes,. . . ). To quantify the electromagnetic interaction between the electromagnetic wave and the rough surface, two families of approaches exist: asymptotic models based on simplifying assumptions, and other models called "rigorous". Our research team started to model rigorously the scattering by an object over a sea surface for a two-dimensional scene. Thus, the E-PILE method (Propagation-Inside Extended Layer Expansion) was developed and it was shown that this method is very efficient to solve scenes composed of many unknowns. The aim of this thesis is to extend the E-PILE method to a three-dimensional problem, to compute the field scattered by a complex three-dimensional scene composed from an object above a rough surface. In addition, to reduce computing resources required to numerically solve the problem, hybridizations are also considered by combining the Physical Optics and the Forward Backward to the algorithmic scheme of the E-PILE method
Béchu, Stéphane. "Conception et etude d'un reacteur micro-onde pour le traitement ou le depot de grandes surfaces." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112310.
Full textDemarty, Yaël. "Modélisation cohérente de la diffusion électromagnétique par des surfaces de mer tridimensionnelles en incidence rasante : application aux radars HF à ondes de surface." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066293.
Full textAndrianandrasanirina, Tinasoa Faly. "Nanophotonique : guidage d'ondes sur des surfaces structurées." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662447.
Full textQozam, Hanae. "Contribution de l'utilisation des ondes longitudinales Lcr à la détermination des contraintes résiduelles de soudage : amélioration de la précision et de la reproductibilité des mesures." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10155.
Full textSafety and fatigue damage resistance of the mechanical components are related to the presence of residual stresses. Ths study shows the potential of the ultrasonic method using the Lcr waves to evaluate the residual stresses. Reliability of measurements was validated on two welded steel plates (P355 and P265), by comparing the results of the ultrasonic method with those of the hole drilling method. The first part of the study deals with the influence of the parameters (acoustic coupling, roughness, flatness, temperature, etc) on the accuracy and reproducibility of the ultrasonic measurements. ln the second part, the analysis of these parameters enabled designing of an optimized transducer, which improves the precision and the reproducibility. The third part of the study was reserved to the experimental characterization of the Lcr wave propagation The criteria allowing the evaluation of the penetration depth and the propagation range were obtained from the analysis of its velocity and attenuation. The last part of this work proposes an original calibration method, enabling the determination of the acoustoelastic constants in the three zones of the weld (PM, MZ and HAZ), in order to improve the accuracy of the stress measurements. The reproducibility of stress measurements was validated on two welded steels plates and it was estimated in the order of ±48 MPa
Roy, Véronique. "Etude et realisation d'un canon a ions micro-onde de section rectangulaire pour le traitement de grandes surfaces." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112170.
Full textTouchais, Emmanuelle. "Étude et développement d'une source de plasma micro-onde pour déposer des revetements par pulvérisation sur des grandes surfaces." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0106.
Full textEssalhi, Abdenacer. "Étude de la diffraction d'une onde électromagnétique par des surfaces apériodiques parfaitement conductrices. Application au calcul du renforcement des champs électromagnétiques par la surface d'une mer houleuse." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21206.
Full textDe, Cacqueray Benoit. "Dispositifs géophysiques en laboratoire ondes de surfaces traitement d'antennes et haute densité spatiale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU027/document.
Full textSeismic exploration is a continuous innovation domain since more than one century. A significant part of the studies consists in separating the various waves propagating in the medium, especially surface waves. In the near-surface, surface waves are useful for tomography. Near-surface imaging becomes possible if they are well modelised. When exploration is dedicated to depth – meaning more than 95% of the seismic exploration business – the surface waves mainly hide body waves, which contains the informations related to the depth. Body and surface wave separation then becomes a fundamental task. In these situations, the surface waves can nevertheless be used to better know the near surface. It allows computing parameters usable to better the depth imaging. Research knew recent developments in this domain due to the recent impulsion given by the passive seismic imaging from ambient noise and the study of new acquisition designs with high spatial density. In parallel, the oil fields study for better exploitation is growing as a new industrial development axis. 4D (i.e. 3 spatial dilensions + time) imaging mastering becomes a key research activity, in which sub-surface parameters are estimated and monitored. This PhD thesis comes from the following remarks: - Despite rich works, surface waves are still an important research issue in seismic exploration. - Laboratory scale experiments know relatively few investigations, especially for high density acquisition design. The first step has been dedicated to the set up and the validation of a complete acquisition environment in the laboratory, adapted to surface wave study and high spatial density. Using Agar-agar phantoms, a mix of S body waves and Rayleigh surface waves comparable to the on-field P body waves and Rayleigh wave mix has been highlighted. Then, using array processing, wave separation has benne successfully demonstrated. After waves separation, it becomes possible to follow their arrival time variation in presence of surface and/or depth variation in the medium, as in reservoir monitoring conditions. A complete 4D study has been performed, allowing not only the arrival time monitoring but also amplitude and arrival and launch directions. A method has been proposed to compensate the near-surface spurious variations. An adaptation of the method on a field data set is then performed. Generally, velocity profiles on the field show weak velocities in the sub-surface. As a consequence, the various waves coming from the depth have weak and comparable incidences angles. Classical separation method using array processing are usually insufficient to work with such incidence angles set. For this reason, a complete part of this work has been dedicated to the study of high resolution algorithms in the frame of seismic exploration and their adaptation. At the end, taking advantage of the high spatial density allowed by the laboratory environment, a comparative study of two designs – the first one theoretically ideal but somewhat unrealistic and the second one more viable economically but less efficient – has been performed to address the scattered waves filtering issue. For the second design, a new filtering method has been proposed to enhance the scattered waves filtering
Magistrini, Catherine. "Caractérisation in-situ par ESCA de surfaces de polyethylène téréphtalate (PET) traitées dans la post-décharge d'un plasma oxygène de type micro-onde et caractérisation du vieillissement des surfaces après traitement." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10117.
Full textPicart, Pascal. "Contribution au contrôle de surfaces planes et sphériques de précision nanométrique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1995. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00716214.
Full textDe, cacqueray Benoit. "Dispositifs géophysiques en laboratoire ondes de surfaces traitement d'antennes et haute densité spatiale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864038.
Full textCalvet, Jean-Christophe. "Radiométrie micro-onde et estimation des bilans hydrique et énergétique des surfaces continentales : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30143.
Full textSavalli, Véronique. "Etude à haute résolution de la spécularité d'un miroir atomique à onde évanescente." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006717.
Full textFerrand, Adrien. "Développement de modèles asymptotiques en Contrôle Non Destructif (CND) par ultrasons : Interaction des ondes élastiques avec des irrégularités géométriques et prise en compte des ondes de tête." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072253.
Full textRoussel, Thomas. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de la propagation d'une onde de concentration alcaline issue d'une matrice cimentière à travers l'argilite du site du Laboratoire Meuse Haute-Marne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL578N.
Full textHenkel, Carsten. "Réflexion et diffraction d'atomes lents par un miroir à onde évanescente." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006757.
Full textDammak, Yosra. "Caractérisation numérique et expérimentale par ultrasons de matériaux à gradient fonctionnel." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1039/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of multilayered and FGM systems (FGM : Functionnally Graded Materials). The main purpose of this type of materials is to obtain deposits with new and innovative features and to increase the fracture toughness. From now on, FGM have been used in various high technology applications.A multilayer system with a composition gradient of copper and nickel was studied experimentally by the application of the laser ultrasonics (LU) technique which was coupled to a theoretical study based on the ordinary differential equations (ODE) and the Stiffness Matrix Method (SMM). This PhD thesis is organized around four chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to a theoretical study of the propagation behavior of surface acoustic wave (SAW) in a multilayer system with à gradient of properties. Thus, the numerical methods developped for the piezoelectric materials (FGPM) are presented. The second chapter is devoted to describe the setup for making the samples used in this study which were obtained by sputtering technique. The third chapter presents the experimental study dedicated to the measurement of surface wave velocities in many crystal orientations. The last chapter of the manuscript presents experimental results, compared to the theoretical results, describing the dispersive behavior of submicrometer multilayers
El, khoury Christine. "Seismic ambient noise amplitude anomalies induced by an anticline structure : application to the context of gas reservoirs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLM100.
Full textSpectral anomalies in the seismic ambient noise, defined as strong spectral amplification of the vertical component at frequencies of 1 to 5 Hertz, are commonly observed above gas reservoirs. If properly understood, these anomalies could have a potential for fluid reservoir exploration or monitoring. The nature of these anomalies was mainly explained by the geological structure more than the fluid reservoir itself, for purely elastic waves. Analysis on real datasets of ambient noise measurements shows that surface waves, mainly fundamental mode, are the main contributors to the anomaly. This work further explores how Rayleigh waves interact with an anticline structure, a typical geological trap for a hydrocarbon reservoir. Analysis of the spectral signature of an anticline structure is performed for different source configurations, to finally provide a relationship linking the anticline geometrical and elastic parameters to the induced anomaly for the case of the fundamental mode Rayleigh waves
NORMAND-CHAVE, CAROLE. "Etude et modelisation de la post-decharge d'une decharge micro-onde d'azote ou d'argon-azote en flux : application a l'etude d'un reacteur de nitruration de surfaces metalliques fonctionnant en post-decharge." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112210.
Full textSCHEUER, ANNE, and J. P. DEVILLE. "Interaction d'une post-decharge d'un plasma micro-onde avec des surfaces de polymeres : fonctionnalisation et degradation du nylon 6 et du pmma en post-decharge de plasmas d'oxygene ou de melanges oxygene-azote." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13153.
Full textTaro, Mandikizinoyou. "Modélisation et simulation des procédés de mise en compression des surfaces à très grandes vitesses de déformation par méthode semi-analytique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0105/document.
Full textThe failure of the mechanical parts is very often initiated by a surface defects. Consequently, the generation of compressive residual stresses on mechanical parts by introducing a heterogeneous plastic strain improves the resistance to fatigue and increases the lifetime of the parts. Among the processes making it possible to introduce residual stresses into the parts, the laser shock peening is more interesting for several reasons. On the one hand, it makes it possible to produce pressures on the surface of material of about 1 to 6 going GPa over short pulse times from 3 to 30 nanoseconds. In addition, he gives the opportunity of introducing residual stresses of compression on a certain depth while preserving the initial state of the treated part. The numerical simulation becomes necessary to determine the best physical phenomena involved. Thus, the semi-analytical method offers a lot of advantages, in particular the simplicity of the models and the computation times saving. This method was never extended to the dynamic problems. In this thesis the semi-analytical method was extended to the dynamic problems and the model implemented is applied for the simulation of the Laser process of shock
El, Hakiki Mohamed. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de dispositifs à ondes élastiques de surface (O. E. S) à base des structures multicouches : ZnO/Quartz, AIN/Diamant et ZnO/AIN/Diamant." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10012.
Full textWe investigate in this work the multilayer structures ZnO/Quartz, AlN/Diamond and ZnO/AlN/Diamond for designing SAW sensors and high frequency SAW filters. Beginning with a theoretical study that we have developed for modelling the SAW structures, we discuss then the technological processes used for preparing such devices and also the characterisation methods implemented to determine the device principal parameters. We describe subsequently an original method that we have established for SAW device design of the deposits on the diamond. The films are grown in this method on the unpolished nucleation side of the freestanding CVD diamond. These nucleation side have good morphological qualities which enhance the acoustic wave propagation. The ZnO/Quartz-based SAW sensors and AlN/Diamond-based SAW filters that we have designed are then presented and discussed as to their performances. While the sensors show a high sensibility and a low temperature coefficient, the filter can be operate at high frequencies without loosing its filtering capacity. Finally, a. New SAW device based on ZnO/AlN/Diamond combining high phase velocity and high electromechanical coupling coefficient has been investigated for GHz-band applications
Perrard, Stéphane. "Une mémoire Ondulatoire : états propres, chaos et probabilités." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077176.
Full textA droplet bouncing on a vertically vibrated liquid bath can be self-propelled by the surface waves it generates. Theses Faraday waves are sustained by the vertical bath vibration for a memory time which can be tuned experimentally. The wave field thus contains in its interference pattern a memory of the past-trajectory. The resulting entity called a walker is characterized by the interaction between the drop and its surrounding waves through this path-memory. This thesis is devoted to an experimental and theoretical investigation of such a wave-mediated path-memory. For this purpose a bouncing drop is magnetically loaded with a droplet of ferrofluid and can then be trapped in an harmonie well. The drop is thus forced to interact with its own path. The confinement induces a self-organization process between the particle and its wave packet, leading to wave-type behavior for a particle. Notions such quantization or probability of measuring an eigenstate can thus be used for the walker dynamics description. These features originate from the temporal coherence of the walker' s dynamics. In that sense, the walker is an entity extended in time, we cannot reduce to a point-like approximation. It reminds us, in another context, the pilot wave theory developped by de Broglie at the beginning of the XXst century
Rakem, Zine-Eddine. "Étude d'une décharge créée par une onde stationnaire." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112005.
Full textThis work deals with the study of a microwave discharge produced by a standing surface wave. Discharge is created in argon gas at low pressures (0. 5 to 3 Torrs) in capillary quartz tubes (inside diameter, 3 to 5 mm). In the first part, discharge characteristics (i. E. , neutrals temperature and density, electron density, maintaining electric field, and wave characteristics (Er and HL components,…) are determined from the experiment. All these characteristics are modulated with the same spatial period. In the second part, a modelling describing the wave propagation is given and compared to the experiment. All the results provide a consistent set enabling a good description of this discharge type under the conditions of the experiment
Weil, Fabiano. "L'utilisation des ondes de surface pour la caractérisation non intrusive des structures en béton." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1536.
Full textBourey, Nicolas. "Transition métamatériau / sol réel pour radar HF à onde de surface." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066560.
Full textFor many years, researches « on over the horizon radar » are investigated, especially on the High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR), which is dedicated to the maritime surveillance. To increase the efficiency of the HFSWR we deal with the part of the electromagnetic field radiated at low elevation angle. In a previous work conducted at ONERA and UPMC, it has been suggested to use a metamaterial to launch, at the interface between air and ground a confined wave, which can not exist with a soil with positive permittivity. The metamaterial is placed on the interface in the vicinity of the transmitting antennas to allow the propagation of a strong surface wave without modifying significantly the architecture of the system. But, the inclusion of this metamaterial creates a quite high discontinuity in permittivity. The principal aim of this research work is to answer two main questions. The discontinuity of permittivity between the metamaterial and the soil, is it going to diffract the surface wave create over the metamaterial? The improvement of the electric field level at low elevation angle metamaterial, is it going to keep throughout the propagation on the sea?
Pasquiers, Stéphane. "Décharge créée par une onde progressive en présence d'un champ magnétique statique." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112373.
Full textThis report deals with the study of a low pressure argon microwave discharge (5 to 100 m Torr) created and sustained by a propagative wave with a fixed frequency (390 z) in presence of an axial static magnetic field (up to 550 Gs). To understand the discharge sustaining conditions, the microwave energy distribution has to be determined. For that purpose the wave propagation has to be studied. Therefore the wave characteristics are first of all computed and their evolutions with the plasma frequency and the magnetic field are described for a fixed wave frequency. The characteristics are: - the "phase relations" giving the wave number and the wave attenuation due to to the electron-neutral. Collisions as functions of the electron density. - the radial distribution of the electromagnetic energy. Lt is shown that according to the values of the electron density and the magnetic field the wave is either a surface or a volume one. Secondly the results of the experimental discharge study are presented. The measure of the wave number enables the electron density diagnostic. With the help of a theoretical description of the plasma column this diagnostic leads to the discharge characteristics: the effective electron-neutral collision frequency the power needed to maintain an electron and the effective electric fieId. At a fixed pressure the effective electric field is a decreasing function of the magnetic field. This behavior is explained in a theoretical way taking into account the reduction due to magnetic field, of the electron losses by diffusion to the tube walls
Awada, Ahmad. "Diffusion bistatique des ondes électromagnétiques par les surfaces rugueuses en utilisant l'approximation SSA : application à la surface maritime." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2040.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to establish an algorithm allowing the analysis of electromagnetic waves scattering from rough surfaces. Our study focuses on the bistatic configuration especially in the sea surface case. To solve this problem, we have studieff and applied the SSA (Small Slope Approximation) model to evaluate bistatic scattering coefficients, according to different physical and geometrical parameters. We have privileged the L and Ku frequency bands in the analysis. Then, we have compared the results obtained with those published in literature and mainly to those predicted by the two scale model in bistatic configuration. Finally, we have introduced the modification suggested by McDaniel, concerning a change in the sea spectrum of Elfouhaily. This change leads to an improvement on the results in particular for transverse wind directions and for relatively low wind speeds. The results obtained make it possible to provide a mapping of polarimetric behaviour of the sea surface in bistatic configuration, and to present new prospects offered by this subject in oceanic remote sensing
Johns, Danielle. "What surfaces from one /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10979.
Full textGuymont, Olivier. "Mise au point et caractérisation d'une source d'oxygène atomique : application au dépôt de couches minces supraconducteurs à haute température critique obtenues par pulvérisation cathodique." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10317.
Full textBourey, Nicolas. "Transition métamatériau / sol réel pour radar HF à onde de surface." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066560.
Full textFor many years, researches « on over the horizon radar » are investigated, especially on the High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR), which is dedicated to the maritime surveillance. To increase the efficiency of the HFSWR we deal with the part of the electromagnetic field radiated at low elevation angle. In a previous work conducted at ONERA and UPMC, it has been suggested to use a metamaterial to launch, at the interface between air and ground a confined wave, which can not exist with a soil with positive permittivity. The metamaterial is placed on the interface in the vicinity of the transmitting antennas to allow the propagation of a strong surface wave without modifying significantly the architecture of the system. But, the inclusion of this metamaterial creates a quite high discontinuity in permittivity. The principal aim of this research work is to answer two main questions. The discontinuity of permittivity between the metamaterial and the soil, is it going to diffract the surface wave create over the metamaterial? The improvement of the electric field level at low elevation angle metamaterial, is it going to keep throughout the propagation on the sea?
Liu, Yuxin. "Etude de cristaux phononiques à base des matériaux micro/nano structurés pour la manipulation des ondes de Love." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0007.
Full textThe control of the propagation of elastic waves relies mainly on the design of artificial medium based on structured materials to obtain an advanced engineering of the dispersion of the propagation. During the thesis, the dispersion of the shear horizontal polarised guided mode (Love mode) in the bi-layer SiO2/Quartz (90ST-cut) structure was numerically investigated and the resulting applications explored. The properties of phononic crystals (PnCs) based on micro-machined holes in the SiO2 layer, and the interaction of this mode with pillars deposited on the surface of this guiding layer, have been studied. In the case of holey PnCs we have shown that it is possible to open band gaps, this property has been exploited for the design of a cavity resonator. The performances of this resonator are studied according to the geometrical parameters characterizing it. It is also proposed to study the interaction of the cavity resonator’s modes with the resonant modes of pillars deposited on the surface of the cavity. This has the effect of a better confinement of the modes and thus a drastic improvement of the quality factor. We also investigated the interaction between the Love mode and metasurfaces based on pillars deposited on the surface of SiO2. The couplings between pillars of identical or not geometries gave rise to various phenomena like acoustic analogue of Autler-Townes Splitting, Fabry-Perot resonance, acoustically induced transparency and Fano resonance. The results presented in this study could be used for potential applications such as signal processing, wave control, metamaterials and biosensors
Seez, William. "Rotational, progressive and periodic free-surface waves : determination and stability." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0130.
Full textIn coastal zones, waves propagating at the surface of the ocean are strongly influenced by underlying shear currents. Depth-dependent velocity profiles are generated by wind blowing at the surface and friction at the bed. Considering the Euler equations for an inviscid and incompressible fluid, along with the appropriate free-surface kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions, the interaction between a two-dimensional progressive periodic free-surface wave of permanent form and an underlying current is studied. By not assuming that the velocity field derives from a scalar potential, this work extends the linear, constant vorticity, shear model to velocity profiles defined by a class of exponential vorticity functions. The two-dimensional current profiles are first shown to be linearly stable in the absence of a free-surface perturbation. The influence of the underlying shear on waves of arbitrary amplitude and depth is then studied numerically, both in the absence and presence of capillarity. Although the celerity and potential and kinetic energy of the wave are strongly influenced by the nonlinear wave steepness parameter, the effect of vorticity is shown to be non-negligible, especially for pure gravity waves. Finally, results are presented for a linear stability analysis of these finite amplitude (2D) waves under three-dimensional perturbations. It is found that the classical classes of instability corresponding to four and five wave resonances are recovered in three-dimensions in the presence of constant or depth-dependent vorticities. Finally, a mechanism is proposed for the dominant three-dimensional instability caused by the presence of an underlying shear current
Dubosc, Fabrice. "Etude et réalisation d'un capteur acoustique à ondes de surface : vers l'utilisation du silicium poreux comme surface sensible." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4027.
Full textSurface wave sensors (SAW) have several advantages, such as robustness, adaptability and low manufacturing costs. One of the key performance factors of this type of sensor is its sensitivity. Generally to improve it, the efforts focus on the sensitive layer. An innovative alternative is the increase of the active surface by porosifying the substrate. The opening of the piezoelectric material along the path of propagation and its replacement by porous silicon will thus enable the capture of the species to be detected in the pores. The objective of this thesis is to propose a new sensor architecture allowing the use of porous silicon as a guiding and sensing layer
Aubert, Sébastien. "Étude d’un résonateur phononique à onde de surface pour des applications de capteurs de température et de déformation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD008.
Full textSurface acoustic wave resonators can be used as sensors for temperature and strain monitoring. The idea is to take advantage of the variation in frequency of the resonators that depends on the measured quantity. Currently, the technology used, based on Bragg mirrors, shows its limits in terms of performance at high frequencies (above 1 GHz).The aim of this PhD thesis work was to study the potential and performance of a new technology based on the use of phononic crystals. This technology refers to periodically arranged materials, acting on acoustic waves’ propagation. Phononic crystals represent an alternative to classical Bragg mirror technology, allowing an omnidirectional spatial confinement and an additional degree of freedom for optimization.A square lattice pillar based phononic crystal was theoretically and experimentally investigated. Based on the combination of Bragg scattering and local resonances, we were able to create acoustic band gaps that could be exploited. The operating frequency considered was about 450 MHz, using nickel electroplating to fabricate pillars. In this frequency range, we demonstrated the presence of acoustic band gaps using wide band electrical characterization. A phononic resonator was designed, fabricated and characterized by electrical and optical methods. A quality factor of about 950 was obtained, with total reflection of acoustic wave reached within less than ten periods. Comparison of measurements and simulations allowed us to explain the acoustic phenomena involved
Vaitilingom, Laurent. "Diffusion bistatique des ondes EM par une surface rugueuse en HF : application aux fouillis maritime et terrestre." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2030.
Full textThe use of HF radar is interesting because it can cover a larger area than a classical radar which is limited by electromagnetic horizon. However, the use of such radar is not easy because, in this frequency band, antennas are huge and ionospheric and surfacic clutters disturb the task of the radar. In order to improve the EM wave processing in HF band, we focus on the EM characterization of surfacic clutter in HF hand. In that respect, we concentrate on an estimation of EM signature in HF band of sea and ground clutter. First, we study EM scattering models which are generally used in frequencies between 1 and 20 GHz. We outline the hypothesis of approximate models which enable us to calculate EM scattering coefficients. We establish the validity domains of models, and the types of surface upon these models can be applied. We also examine the expressions of scattering coefficient estimated in specific configurations (monostatic, forward scattering and bistatic). Then, to apply the scattering models considered on sea and ground surfaces, we analyse geometrical and physical characterization tools for different types of surfaces. Finally, we analyse the effects, on scattering coefficients, of parameters liked to the studied surface (wind speed and wind direction, temperature and salinity of salt water, Doppler frequency for sea surface; composition and roughness for ground surface), of biostatic geometry parameters and of incident frequency. The methodology adopted in this work to study scattering coefficients estimated by different models and applied on natural surfaces combines both aspects of modeling and simulation and it is evaluated in comparison with results published in open literature
Gacemi, Djamal Eddine. "Étude expérimentale et simulation des modes électromagnétiques se propageant sur des guides d’ondes métalliques de petites dimensions aux fréquences THz." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112413.
Full textFocusing optical energy into a small spot diameter much smaller than the diffraction limit has long been a very interesting topic in photonics. In Terahertz (with a wavelength of about 300 microns) this challenge is particularly important to meet the growing interest in high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy of materials whose size is smaller than the wavelength in free space. In my thesis, I studied the confinement of surface waves at THz frequencies on metal structures with sub-wavelength dimensions . I experimentally measured the confinement of the electric field and calculated the dispersion relation of the surface mode on a metal structure deposited on a low permittivity dielectric substrate. These measurements are obtained using a guided-wave time domain spectroscopy set-up, developed during my PhD. The measurement is made by a near-field freely positionable electro-optical probe. These experimental results are supplemented by numerical simulations obtained by finite element analysis software Comsol Multiphysics. The experimental results show a confinement of λ/20 of the EM surface mode on a sub-wavelength dimension rectangular metal wire