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Journal articles on the topic 'On-road diagnostic'
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1
Johnson, Horton A. "Diminishing Returns on the Road to Diagnostic Certainty." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 17 (May 1, 1991): 2229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1991.03460170083038.
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Johnson, H. A. "Diminishing returns on the road to diagnostic certainty." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 17 (May 1, 1991): 2229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.265.17.2229.
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Cai, Xiaoyu, Cailin Lei, Bo Peng, Xiaoyong Tang, and Zhigang Gao. "Road Traffic Safety Risk Estimation Method Based on Vehicle Onboard Diagnostic Data." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (February 26, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3024101.
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Currently, research on road traffic safety is mostly focused on traffic safety evaluations based on statistical indices for accidents. There is still a need for in-depth investigation on preaccident identification of safety risks. In this study, the correlations between high-incidence locations for aberrant driving behaviors and locations of road traffic accidents are analyzed based on vehicle OBD data. A road traffic safety risk estimation index system with road traffic safety entropy (RTSE) as the primary index and rapid acceleration frequency, rapid deceleration frequency, rapid turning frequency, speeding frequency, and high-speed neutral coasting frequency as secondary indices is established. A calculation method of RTSE is proposed based on an improved entropy weight method. This method involves three aspects, namely, optimization of the base of the logarithm, processing of zero-value secondary indices, and piecewise calculation of the weight of each index. Additionally, a safety risk level determination method based on two-step clustering (density and k-means clustering) is also proposed, which prevents isolated data points from affecting safety risk classification. A risk classification threshold calculation method is formulated based on k-mean clustering. The results show that high-incidence locations for aberrant driving behaviors are consistent with the locations of traffic accidents. The proposed methods are validated through a case study on four roads in Chongqing with a total length of approximately 38 km. The results show that the road traffic safety trends characterized by road safety entropy and traffic accidents are consistent.
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Cafiso, Salvatore, A. Di Graziano, R. Fedele, V. Marchetta, and F. Praticò. "Sensor-based pavement diagnostic using acoustic signature for moduli estimation." International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 13, no. 6 (November 2020): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-6007-4.
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AbstractThe diffusion of smart infrastructures for smart cities provides new opportunities for the improvement of both road infrastructure monitoring and maintenance management.Often pavement management is based on the periodic assessment of the elastic modulus of the bound layers (i.e., asphalt concrete layers) by means of traditional systems, such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD). Even if these methods are reliable, well-known, and widespread, they are quite complex, expensive, and are not able to provide updated information about the evolving structural health condition of the road pavement. Hence, more advanced, effective, and economical monitoring systems can be used to solve the problems mentioned above.Consequently, the main objective of the study presented in this paper is to present and apply an innovative solution that can be used to make smarter the road pavement monitoring. In more detail, an innovative Non-Destructive Test (NDT)-based sensing unit was used to gather the vibro-acoustic signatures of road pavements with different deterioration levels (e.g. with and without fatigue cracks) of an urban road. Meaningful features were extracted from the aforementioned acoustic signature and the correlation with the elastic modulus defined using GPR and FWD data was investigated.Results show that some of the features have a good correlation with the elastic moduli of the road section under investigation. Consequently, the innovative solution could be used to evaluate the variability of elastic modulus of the asphalt concrete layers, and to monitor with continuity the deterioration of road pavements under the traffic loads.
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Carneiro, Pedro, Simone Morais, and Maria do Carmo Pereira. "Biosensors on the road to early diagnostic and surveillance of Alzheimer's disease." Talanta 211 (May 2020): 120700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120700.
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Sedláčková, Hana, Olga Dolejšová, Milan Hora, Jiří Ferda, Ondřej Hes, Ondřej Topolčan, Radka Fuchsová, and Radek Kučera. "Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Algorithm as a “Road Map” from the First Stratification of the Patient to the Final Treatment Decision." Life 11, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11040324.
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The diagnostics of prostate cancer are currently based on three pillars: prostate biomarker panel, imaging techniques, and histological verification. This paper presents a diagnostic algorithm that can serve as a “road map”: from initial patient stratification to the final decision regarding treatment. The algorithm is based on a review of the current literature combined with our own experience. Diagnostic algorithms are a feature of an advanced healthcare system in which all steps are consciously coordinated and optimized to ensure the proper individualization of the treatment process. The prostate cancer diagnostic algorithm was created using the prostate specific antigen and in particular the Prostate Health Index in the first line of patient stratification. It then continued on the diagnostic pathway via imaging techniques, biopsy, or active surveillance, and then on to the treatment decision itself. In conclusion, the prostate cancer diagnostic algorithm presented here is a functional tool for initial patient stratification, comprehensive staging, and aggressiveness assessment. Above all, emphasis is placed on the use of the Prostate Health Index (PHI) in the first stratification of the patients as a predictor of aggressiveness and clinical stage of prostrate cancer (PCa). The inclusion of PHI in the algorithm significantly increases the accuracy and speed of the diagnostic procedure and allows to choose the optimal pathway just from the beginning. The use of advanced diagnostic techniques allows us to move towards to a more advanced level of cancer care. This diagnostics algorithm has become a standard of care in our hospital. The algorithm is continuously validated and modified based on our results.
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BRYN, Mikhail Ya, Dinara R. BASHIROVA, and Artur G. BAGISHYAN. "Comparative evaluation of mobile laser scanning, aerial photography from an unmanned aircraft system and surveying from an integrated road laboratory when performing diagnostics of highways." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 2021, no. 2 (June 2021): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-2-211-221.
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Objective: To compare the possibilities of using mobile laser scanning (MLS) and aerial photography (AFS) from an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and to make a survey from an integrated road laboratory when performing diagnostics of highways. Methods: For the analysis, a section of the regional road in the Kursk region was selected, on which the survey was carried out using considered methods. The main characteristics were identified when performing the diagnostics, their values were obtained on the basis of data from the integrated road laboratory, aerial photography with UAS, as well as ILS, and the accuracy of the results obtained, the compliance of the data with the requirements of regulatory documents were assessed. Results: Based on the work performed, the following conclusions were made: the determination of identified diagnostic parameters by the methods of ILS and APS with UAS is correct and aerial photography with UAS at the cost of equipment, the cost of shooting is the most profitable when drawing up topographic road plans. It is noted that in terms of accuracy, the APS method meets the requirements for plans at a scale of 1:500, MLS – 1:1000. Practical importance: Not all indicators required for diagnostics can be obtained with APS with ALS and MLS, since they require specialized equipment and direct interaction with the road surface, however, the range of application of the selected methods can be significantly expanded. Adhesion coefficient is measured using an integrated mobile road laboratory, so it is not advisable to abandon it. It was noted that the equipment of the laboratory, depending on the cost, may be different
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Krstić, Vojislav, Nikola Krstić, and Božidar Krstić. "Determining the cause of engine failure based on the retrospective diagnostic function." IMK-14 - Istrazivanje i razvoj 26, no. 4 (2020): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/imk2004115k.
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The was a failure on the drive engine of the road vehicle. On it, maintenance procedures were carried out in the service. After an extremely short period of operation, engine failure by the same mechanism of occurrence occurred again. The paper sheds light on the problem of engine malfunctions, establishes cause-and-effect relationships and proposes measures to eliminate the causes of failure.
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Oliva, A., and P. G. Schyns. "Diagnostic Colours Influence Speeded Scene Recognition." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l1007.
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A critical aspect of early visual processes is to extract shape data for matching against memory representations for recognition. Many theories of recognition assume that this is achieved by luminance information. However, psychophysical studies have revealed that colour is being used by low-level visual modules such as motion, stereopsis, texture, and 2-D shapes. Should colour really be discarded from theories of recognition? Here we present two studies which seek to throw light on the role of chromatic information for the recognition of real scene pictures. We used three versions of scene pictures (gray levels, normally coloured and abnormally coloured) coming from two broad categories. In the first category, colour was diagnostic of the category (eg beach, forest, and valley). In the second category colour was not diagnostic (eg city, road, and room). In the second category colour was not diagnostic (eg city, road, and room). Results revealed that chromatic information is being registered and facilitates recognition even after a 30 ms exposure to the scene stimuli. However, influences of colour on speeded categorisations were only observed with the colour-diagnostic categories. No influence of colour was observed with the other categories. A similar pattern of results was observed with 120 ms exposure. However, there was an interference of the wrong colour on recognition in colour-diagnostic categories. In sum, colour, when it is diagnostic of the category, influences speeded scene recognition.
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Prażnowski, Krzysztof, Sebastian Brol, and Andrzej Augustynowicz. "Identification of Static Unbalance Wheel of Passenger Car Carried out on a Road." Solid State Phenomena 214 (February 2014): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.214.48.
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This paper presents a method of identification of non-homogeneity or static unbalance of the structure of a car wheel based on a simple road test. In particular a method the detection of single wheel unbalance is proposed which applies an acceleration sensor fixed on windscreen. It measures accelerations cause by wheel unbalance among other parameters. The location of the sensor is convenient for handling an autonomous device used for diagnostic purposes. Unfortunately, its mounting point is located away from wheels. Moreover, the unbalance forces created by wheels spin are dumped by suspension elements as well as the chassis itself. It indicates that unbalance acceleration will be weak in comparison to other signals coming from engine vibrations, road roughness and environmental effects. Therefore, the static unbalance detection in the standard way is considered problematic and difficult. The goal of the undertaken research is to select appropriate transformations and procedures in order to determine wheel unbalance in these conditions. In this investigation regular and short time Fourier transform were used as well as wavelet transform. It was found that the use of Fourier transforms is appropriate for static condition (constant velocity) but the results proves that the wavelet transform is more suitable for diagnostic purposes because of its ability of producing clearer output even if car is in the state of acceleration or deceleration. Moreover it was proved that in the acceleration spectrum of acceleration measured on the windscreen a significant peak can be found when car runs with an unbalanced wheel. Moreover its frequency depends on wheel rotational frequency. For that reason the diagnostic of single wheel unbalance can be made by applying this method.
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Doudkin, Mikhail V., Adam Idzikowski, Alina I. Kim, and Franciszek W. Przystupa. "Safety of Road Roller Technical Operation Through Diagnosis." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0043.
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AbstractSafety of road roller technical operation for safety diagnosis will be analysed. The analysis is based on the assumptions and hypotheses confirmed by fundamental-applied and experimental-theoretical works. Such modelling enables formulating commonly known diagnostic equivalent for building a real diagnose method of contacting problems of moving roller contacted with the road material.
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Wu, Yizheng, and Daniel Sperling. "Using On-Board Diagnostic and Global Positioning System to Price Emissions from On-Road Heavy-Duty Vehicles." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 144, no. 8 (August 2018): 04018041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jtepbs.0000167.
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Viana, V. T., L. Durcan, E. Bonfa, and K. B. Elkon. "Ribosomal P antibody: 30 years on the road." Lupus 26, no. 5 (April 2017): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203317690243.
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The identity of the protein antigens targeted by anti-cytoplasmic antibodies in lupus was discovered 30 years ago. These antigens are three acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins, P0, P1, and P2. Precise identification of the shared epitope on these three proteins enabled sensitive and specific immunoassays to be developed. Anti-P antibodies are highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and occur in 15%–35% of patients, depending on ethnicity as well as the age of onset. Increased frequencies of detection of anti-P have been reported in childhood SLE as well as in neuropsychiatric, renal, and hepatic disease. While longitudinal studies by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) consortium supported the association of anti-P with neuropsychiatric lupus, the predictive value of antibody determination remains controversial. This is likely explained by the heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric lupus as well as by the different methodologies used for assay. A number of experimental studies have suggested a direct pathogenic role for anti-P antibodies in brain disease. Findings include cross reactivity between anti-P and a neuronal surface antigen, which was detected in areas of the brain involved in memory, cognition, and emotion. Direct injection of anti-P antibodies into the brains of rodents was also associated with abnormal electrical activity and behavioral disturbances. Taken together, research over the last 30 years has established anti-P antibodies as a useful diagnostic marker of SLE and at least a subset of patients with neuropsychiatric disease. Further research is required to fine tune the association of anti-P with clinical manifestations and establish beyond high probability a pathophysiologic role for the antibodies.
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Kurakina, Elena, and Sergey Evtiukov. "Impact of static and dynamic loads of vehicles on pavement." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 03025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016403025.
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The present paper substantiates urgency of studies on early deterioration of pavement layers and on reasons entailing it. The aim was to investigate static and dynamic loads imposed on a road surface by vehicles in order to detect signs of early deterioration of pavement and understand its reasons. Certain tasks were set: to define diagnostic capacity for performing test works on road surface with the use of static and dynamic loading equipment; to carry out an elastic modulus analysis on the basis of static and dynamic loading tests performed; to assess strength properties of flexible pavement. The paper describes methods for determining strength properties of a road surface with the use of special static and dynamic loading equipment. The authors provide data on diagnostic capacity of tests of a pavement performed with the use of special testing equipment. The paper gives a list of potentials, advantages and fundamental features of the following units of equipment: apparatus for plate bearing tests, Dina-3M, UDN-NK, Dynatest apparatus. The main parameters of equipment for dynamic loading tests are provided. The results of both dynamic and static loading tests performed in Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad region are given. Deflection bowls and elastic modulus were determined. Coefficients of the dynamic elastic modulus being reduced to the static one were calculated. Strength properties of flexible pavement were assessed.
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Toms, Benjamin A., Jeffrey B. Basara, and Yang Hong. "Usage of Existing Meteorological Data Networks for Parameterized Road Ice Formation Modeling." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 7 (July 2017): 1959–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0199.1.
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AbstractA road ice prediction model was developed on the basis of existing data networks with an objective of providing a computationally efficient method of road ice forecasting. Icing risk was separated into three distinct road ice formation mechanisms: hoarfrost, freezing fog, and frozen precipitation. Hoarfrost parameterizations were mostly gathered as presented in previous literature, with modifications incorporated to account for diffusional ice crystal growth-rate complexity. Freezing-fog parameterizations were based on previous fog typological analyses under the assumption that fog formation mechanisms are similar in above- and subfreezing temperatures. Frozen-precipitation parameterizations were primarily unique to the developed model but were also partially based on previous research. Diagnostic analyses use a synthesis of Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS), and Oklahoma Mesonet data. Prognostic analyses utilize the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD), a 2.5-km gridded database of forecast meteorological variables output from National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices. A frequency analysis was performed using the diagnostic parameterizations to determine general road icing risk across the state of Oklahoma. The frequency analyses aligned well with expected temporal maxima and confirmed the viability of the developed parameterizations. Further, a fog typological analysis showed the implemented freezing-fog-formation parameterizations to capture 89% of fog events. These results suggest that the developed model, identified as the Road-Ice Model (RIM), may be implemented as a robust option for analyzing the potential for road ice development based on the background meteorological environment.
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Schacht, Thomas E. "A TLDP Therapist Meets the Buddha on a Road and No One Is Killed." Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy 12, no. 4 (December 17, 2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/pcsp.v12i4.1994.
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<p>Samlin’s (2016) case studies demonstrate the creative integration of Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP) and selected Buddhist psychological concepts. In this commentary I analyze epistemological, theoretical, cultural, and clinical complexities involved in this integration from the perspectives of patient recruitment and selection, therapeutic alliance, diagnostic and outcome assessment, and the nature of the Cyclic Maladaptive Pattern (CMP) concept. <strong></strong></p>
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van Vliet, Deliane, Marjolein E. de Vugt, Christian Bakker, Raymond T. C. M. Koopmans, Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg, Myrra J. F. J. Vernooij-Dassen, and Frans R. J. Verhey. "Caregivers' perspectives on the pre-diagnostic period in early onset dementia: a long and winding road." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 9 (July 1, 2011): 1393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211001013.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Recognizing and diagnosing early onset dementia (EOD) can be complex and often takes longer than for late onset dementia. The objectives of this study are to investigate the barriers to diagnosis and to develop a typology of the diagnosis pathway for EOD caregivers.Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 92 EOD caregivers were analyzed using constant comparative analysis and grounded theory. A conceptual model was formed based on 21 interviews and tested in 29 additional transcripts. The identified categories were quantified in the whole sample.Results: Seven themes emerged: (1) changes in the family member, (2) disrupted family life, (3) misattribution, (4) denial and refusal to seek advice, (5) lack of confirmation from social context, (6) non-responsiveness of a general practitioner (GP), and (7) misdiagnosis. Cognitive and behavioral changes in the person with EOD were common and difficult to understand for caregivers. Marital difficulties, problems with children and work/financial issues were important topics. Confirmation of family members and being aware of problems at work were important for caregivers to notice deficits and/or seek help. Other main issues were a patient's refusal to seek help resulting from denial and inadequate help resulting from misdiagnosis.Conclusion: EOD caregivers experience a long and difficult period before diagnosis. We hypothesize that denial, refusal to seek help, misattribution of symptoms, lack of confirmation from the social context, professionals’ inadequate help and faulty diagnoses prolong the time before diagnosis. These findings underline the need for faster and more adequate help from health-care professionals and provide issues to focus on when supporting caregivers of people with EOD.
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Wang, Pang-wei, Hong-bin Yu, Lin Xiao, and Li Wang. "Online Traffic Condition Evaluation Method for Connected Vehicles Based on Multisource Data Fusion." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7248189.
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With the development of connected vehicle (CV) and Vehicle to X (V2X) communication, more traffic data is being collected from the road network. In order to predict future traffic condition from connected vehicles’ data in real-time, we present an online traffic condition evaluation model utilizing V2X communication. This model employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the multilevel fuzzy set theory to fuse multiple sources of information for prediction. First, the contemporary vehicle data from the On Board Diagnostic (OBD) is fused with the static road data in the Road Side Unit (RSU). Then, the real-time traffic evaluation scores are calculated using the variable membership model. The real data collected by OBU in field test demonstrates the feasibility of the evaluation model. Compared with traditional evaluation systems, the proposed model can handle more types of data but demands less data transfer.
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Govorov, M. V., V. V. Mamontov, V. V. Govorov, G. N. Dorovskikh, and N. V. Govorova. "ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL DAMAGES AT THE DIFFERENT GROUPS OF VICTIMS WITH POLYTRAUMA." EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE 18, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/2072-6716-2017-18-4-15-21.
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An analysis of typical injuries in 487 victims was conducted, depending on the conditions of injury in road traffic accidents — pedestrian, driver, passenger. Established major injuries in groups characterize the nature of high-energy trauma. Multislice Computed tomography is the method of choice in the diagnosis of associated trauma, it has a high diagnostic efficiency in comparison with other diagnostic methods.
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Pilon, P. E., and K. W. F. Howard. "Contamination of Subsurface Waters by Road De-icing Chemicals." Water Quality Research Journal 22, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1987.012.
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Abstract The application of road de-icing chemicals to urban and rural roads in southern Ontario represents a serious potential source of shallow subsurface contamination. These chemicals are highly soluble and are readily mobilized by surface water run-off. This run-off can subsequently enter the soil zone and migrate through the shallow subsurface resulting in degradation of groundwater quality in the underlying aquifer. Recent work has investigated the extent to which the inorganic constituents of road de-icing chemicals constitute a threat to groundwater in the shallow subsurface environment. This study has focused on a) determining the extent to which road de-icing chemicals are accumulating in the shallow subsurface; b) identifying diagnostic chemical parameters which will enable conclusive contaminant source identification; and c) assessing rates of road de-icing contaminant migration. Fifteen field sites were selected to sample sediments adjacent to urban and rural roads. A total of forty seven interstitial water samples were submitted for major ion (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, SO4, HCO3, NO3), minor ion (F, I, Br), pH, electrical conductivity and trace constituent analyses. Preliminary results indicate that the shallow subsurface adjacent to the urban road sites contain considerably elevated Na, Cl, Ca, and Mg. Interstitial waters from urban road sites may contain from 103 to 104 mg/L Cl and 103 mg/L Na as compared to less than 102 mg/L Cl and less than 102 mg/L Na for interstitial waters sampled from rural road sites and park locations. The ratio I/Cl exhibits potential as a diagnostic indicator of source origin. Interstitial waters contaminated by road salt regularly show I/Cl ratios two orders of magnitude lower than I/Cl ratios for saline bedrock waters.
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Rozhkov, Evgeniy V. "Problems of the road industry (on the example of the Perm Region)." Journal «Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsiyi. Stroyitelstvo. Nedvizhimost» 10, no. 3 (2020): 358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2020-3-358-369.
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The article aims to identify problems in the road industry of the Perm Region in order to find optimal solutions. The methods of descriptive, inductive and institutional analysis were applied. Regulatory and legal acts, as well as the activities and responsibilities of state bodies in the field of road building and maintenance were studied. The share of citizens who noted an improvement in the state of roads in the Perm Region in 2019 was 21.2%. Nevertheless, more new roads should be built and the existing roads should be maintained according to regulatory requirements. To this end, the quality of asphalt concrete materials and placement operations should be monitored. It is hoped that future regulatory documents will forbid installation of heating pipelines under public roads in cities. In order to make informed decisions in the road industry in the region, the number of mobile laboratories, diagnostic and laser scanning complexes should be increased. Since the financing for the improvement and development of the road network in the Perm Region in 2019 was fulfilled only by 90.37%, it is necessary to strengthen control over the timely payment of completed contracts. The research findings can be used by authorities in the development of regional socio-economic strategies.
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Piotr Zdanowicz and Marek Guzek. "Diagnostics of the On-Vehicle Shock Absorber Testing." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): B178—B186. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.3.b178-b186.
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The practical problems that usually come up during the on-vehicle testing of motor car shock absorbers have been discussed. Results of example tests carried out to the EUSAMA standard procedure were compared to the test results obtained with using newer methods, i.e. the phase angle method and half power bandwidth method (HPBM). The issue of incompatibility of the typical excitation applied by diagnostic suspension testers with one that often occurs in the road conditions has also been raised. It has also been shown that the wear of shock absorbers may affect the value of braking deceleration of cars with ABS (anti-lock braking system) when moving on uneven ground.
The main objective of the work was to assess usefulness and reliability of various diagnostic methods intended for the on-vehicle testing of car shock absorbers.
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Orugbo, Ena E., Babakalli M. Alkali, Anjali DeSilva, and David K. Harrison. "RCM and AHP hybrid model for road network maintenance prioritization." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2015): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.23.
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Category1 defects such as potholes significantly accelerate structural deterioration and pose imminent hazards on trunk road networks. Frequent occurrences of category1 defects have increased service disruptions on trunk road networks. Road maintenance agencies are now required to effectively prioritize trunk road network category1 defects maintenance works. However, existing road maintenance prioritization methods such as value engineering and traditional expert judgment methods have limitations. Value engineering is resource and time intensive thus best suited for project level prioritization and traditional expert judgments are subjective and lack audit trails. In an attempt to address the limitations of above methods, this study presents a Reliability Centered Maintenance and Analytical Hierarchy Process based hybrid model for trunk road network maintenance prioritization. The proposed hybrid model is used to establish failure diagnostic and Multi-criteria Decision Making respectively. As a case study, the hybrid model is implemented on a trunk road network in the United Kingdom. Relevant category1 defect failure information linked to trunk road network subassets are extracted from databases and relevant information elicited from maintenance experts. The criticality analysis results presented show the risk priority numbers of category1 defect related failures and cost effective preventative maintenance tasks are proposed. The Analytical Hierarchy Process results are used to address the complex prioritization process. The proposed hybrid model facilitates a systematic prioritization of a large number of trunk road network category1 defect failure maintenance activities consistently.
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Thompson, Roger, Alex Visser, Rusty Miller, and Ted Lowe. "Development of Real-Time Mine Road Maintenance Management System Using Haul Truck and Road Vibration Signature Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-44.
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The unpaved road network of a surface mine is extensive, comprising numerous roads of varying construction and material qualities with highly variable traffic volumes. Existing haul road maintenance management systems (MMSs) work well for predictable traffic volumes, but for complex mine road networks, the MMS becomes onerous and results in suboptimal road maintenance strategies, with the attendant increase in total road-user costs and reduction in service. A real-time MMS was thus sought to overcome the deficiencies of existing systems for mine roads. Because most large mines operate trucks with onboard diagnostic data collation, linked through a centralized communication and Global Positioning System backbone, it was proposed that road condition could be monitored on a real-time basis through onboard vibration signature analysis. A real-time mine haul road MMS was developed. Mine road maintenance practices were reviewed. The real-time system architecture was devised, and a field trial was conducted of onboard vibration signature assessment. Trial results were evaluated in the light of road defect signature recognition, analysis, signature repeatability, and system limitations. This approach is applicable to other situations, such as a network of district roads, subject to an analysis of economic feasibility. The conclusion is reached that modern technology has the potential to apply maintenance as and where needed, with possible reductions in authority cost and an improvement in service provided to road users.
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Judalet, Vincent, Sébastien Glaser, Dominique Gruyer, and Saïd Mammar. "Fault Detection and Isolation via the Interacting Multiple Model Approach Applied to Drive-By-Wire Vehicles." Sensors 18, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072332.
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The place of driving assistance systems is currently increasing drastically for road vehicles. Paving the road to the fully autonomous vehicle, the drive-by-wire technology could improve the potential of the vehicle control. The implementation of these new embedded systems is still limited, mainly for reliability reasons, thus requiring the development of diagnostic mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate the detection and the identification of sensor and actuator faults for a drive-by-wire road vehicle. An Interacting Multiple Model approach is proposed, based on a non-linear vehicle dynamics observer. The adequacy of different probabilistic observers is discussed. The results, based on experimental vehicle signals, show a fast and robust identification of sensor faults while the actuator faults are more challenging.
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Dias-Lopes, Camila, Ana Paiva, Clara Guerra-Duarte, Franck Molina, and Liza Felicori. "Venomous Arachnid Diagnostic Assays, Lessons from Past Attempts." Toxins 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090365.
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Diagnostic tests for arachnid accidents remain unavailable for patients and clinicians. Together with snakes, these accidents are still a global medical concern, and are recognized as neglected tropical issues. Due to arachnid toxins’ fast mechanism of action, quick detection and quantification of venom is required to accelerate treatment decisions, rationalize therapy, and reduce costs and patient risks. This review aims to understand the current limitations for arachnid venom identification and quantification in biological samples. We benchmarked the already existing initiatives regarding test requirements (sample or biomarkers of choice), performances (time, detection limit, sensitivity and specificity) and their validation (on animal models or on samples from envenomed humans). Our analysis outlines unmet needs for improving diagnosis and consequently treatment of arachnid accidents. Hence, based on lessons from past attempts, we propose a road map for raising best practice guidelines, leading to recommendations for future progress in the development of arachnid diagnostic assays.
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Byuvol, Polina Aleksandrovna, Larisa Mukhamatzakiyevna Gabsalikhova, Irina Viktorovna Makarova, and Eduard Mukhamatzakievch Mukhametdinov. "Development of the Intelligent Core of Vehicles’ Technical Inspection Management System." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 4508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8344.
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The efficiency of road transport is based on the reliability of the vehicle fleet, as well as the safety of its operation, which is ensured by the timely diagnosis of faults and the quality of maintenance and related repairs. Despite constant technical progress in the field of automotive industry, creation of technological equipment for maintenance and repair of the vehicle fleet, as well as new reasonable approaches to operation, the problem of developing an integrated system for managing the operation of road transport in order to ensure road safety remains urgent. In addition to the collection, storage and primary data processing module, such a system should include a specialized decision support module. In this regard, the scientific goal of the work is formulated—the development of an intelligent core for the management system for vehicles’ technical inspection. The mathematical model of the functioning of the technical inspection point is based. On its basis, the simulation model is constructed. The goal function is the amount of revenue from the provision of technical inspection and subsequent repair, minus losses due to equipment and workers idle time. A planfactor computer experiment was conducted, the number of repair workers, diagnostic lines, workers on the diagnostic lines that provide the maximum of the goal function were found.
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Tucki, Karol, Andrzej Wasiak, Olga Orynycz, and Remigiusz Mruk. "Computer Simulation as a Tool for Managing the Technical Development of Methods for Diagnosing the Technical Condition of a Vehicle." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 2869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112869.
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Introduced by the Civil Code, the rules of road safety are introducing continuously increasingly strict requirements on motor vehicles. These requirements relate to various aspects of the technical condition of vehicles, both those that determine traffic safety and those that affect the vehicle’s environmental impact. The law requires regular diagnosis of the technical condition of vehicles in service. Diagnostic tests conducted in the form of road tests or the tests performed in workshop conditions allow to determine the symptoms of dysfunctions of the tested vehicle, not always clearly defining the causes and location of damage. The purpose of the work is the design the simulation of a station for of vehicle dynamics tests up to 3.5 t using simulation programs OpenModelica and SciLab. A simulation of the work of the stand for testing the dynamics of vehicles in the form of a chassis dynamometer was achieved. The program enables the simulation of tests: NEDC (New European Drive Cycle), WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure), CADCM150 (joint Artemis driving cycle—Motorway at vMax = 150 kph), CADCU (Common Artemis Driving Cycle—Urban), FTP75 EPA (Federal Test Procedure, Environmental Protection Agency). The simulator (for any assumed type of vehicle) can be used in two modes: 1. Introduction of the presumed cause—Generates the expected results in the functioning of the vehicle. This function can be used to create a cause–effect relational database. 2. Analysis of data from the actual diagnostic system suggesting the causes of the observed (measured) errors in the functioning of the system. The simulator can be used both to design and implement the technological development of intelligent diagnostic systems, and to support the creation of application software for a workshop diagnostic system. Introducing the simulator into practice will also enable the improvement of road safety management.
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Kurth, Don. "Review of Crisis management on the road to independence: A diagnostic guide for improving your organization’s crisis preparedness." Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal 18, no. 2 (October 1994): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0095508.
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Gupta, Swati. "Laboratory Approach to the Management of Clinical Emergencies: A Diagnostic Series." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 1, no. 01 (January 2009): 027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.54805.
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ABSTRACTThis article emphasizes on the laboratory investigations that may play a significant role in the prompt management of the patient. Hence, other conditions where laboratory investigations will not play a major role are not included in this article. An attempt has been made to highlight certain issues wherein we can prevent inadvertent ordering of tests to minimize the burden on the overworked emergency laboratory, without compromising patient care. The conditions that will be dealt here include: acute chest pain, acute abdominal pain, road traffic injuries, acute respiratory distress, high grade fever, vomiting, loss of consciousness, poisoning and laboratory accidents, and lastly occupational exposure to potential biological hazards.
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MERKISZ, Jerzy, and Jacek PIELECHA. "Investigations into CNG fuel vehicle emissions in real road condition." Combustion Engines 141, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117148.
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In the study the results of vehicle emission tests in road conditions were presented as only then information on real vehicle emissions could be obtained. The tests were carried out on sections of tens to hundreds kilometers in different road conditions. They include information on emissivity of vehicles in exploitation and deal with real conditions of vehicle movement. In order to measure concentration of toxic compounds a mobile analyzer for toxic tests SEMTECH DS by SENSORS Inc. was used. It is possible to add data sent directly from the vehicle diagnostic system to the central unit of the analyzer and make use of localization signal GPS. In the study the results of vehicle emission tests in road conditions were presented as only then information on real vehicle emissions could be obtained. They include information on emissivity of vehicles in exploitation and deal with real conditions of vehicle movement
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Semenov, Yuri, Olga Semenova, and Daniela Marasová. "Improving the quality of professional drivers’ selection in haulage companies transporting minerals." E3S Web of Conferences 134 (2019): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913401020.
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The given article analyses the connection between drivers’ psychophysiological parameters and road safety. Psychological methods were used to determine the psychophysiological features affecting the drivers’ reliability. The parameters having the greatest impact on road safety include attention, memory, emotions, temperament, thinking, and stress resistance. To assess the professional qualities of drivers working on quarry transport in complex mining and road conditions it is highly recommended to use The Diagnostic&Training Software Package Traffic Psychology. It includes the modules Attention, Emotions, Temperament, Memory, Assessment of Working Modes Influence upon the Operator’s Activity and others. The authors present the research results and give instructions to use during the interview for selecting and recruiting drivers for Kuzbass coal enterprises and haulage companies transporting minerals. Keywords: the professional selection of drivers of technological transport for coal enterprises, drivers’ testing, sensorimotor reactions, drivers’ psychophysiological parameters
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Sargsyan, Artashes, Grigor Sargsyan, and Boris Resnik. "Influence of Cracks on Frequency of the Self-Vibration of Reinforced Concrete T Beam of Road Bridges." Key Engineering Materials 828 (December 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.828.9.
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The main goal of bridge health monitoring is to show the condition of structure in real time mode with using special sensors, which can measure different characteristics, which can indicate about the changes in structure. One of the easier measured indicators what can be used is frequency of structure vibration. The diagnostic of the health condition of structure is dependent of correct evaluation of changes range of measured indicators. This paper presents the theoretical calculations to study the effect of cracking on the frequency response of typical reinforced concrete T type beams which has widespread in road bridges construction.
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Noroozi, Mahdieh, Maryam Akhgari, and Alireza Abdollahi. "Occupational Exposure to Paving Asphalt Fumes, Impact on Liver and Kidney Function Test Parameters." International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 11, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 29730.1–29730.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v11i1.29730.
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Background: Asphalt is a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. It also contains different kinds of heavy metals. Hot mix asphalt emits hazardous volatile substances. Asphalt is used in many industries, causing serious adverse health effects for workers. Therefore, investigation of the health status of workers is of crucial importance. The present study aimed to assess the impact of asphalt vapor on hepatic and renal function tests parameters and the clinical parameters in road paving workers compared to healthy subjects. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 41 road asphalt paving workers and 120 healthy non-exposed subjects were selected. The serum enzymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, triglyceride, urea, and creatinine levels were assessed using diagnostic kits. A medical practitioner examined all subjects for any possible medical condition. Results: Liver and kidney function test parameters were significantly higher in road asphalt paving workers compared to their healthy counterparts (P<0.05 for all parameters). About 63% of workers exposed to asphalt fumes for more than 10 years showed cardiac, pulmonary, and metabolic complications. Conclusion: Significant elevations in liver and kidney function test parameters suggest that exposure to asphalt fumes is associated with hepatic and renal dysfunction in asphalt-exposed workers.
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Il’in, N. N. "The Tasks of Forensic Vehicle Inspections." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 2 (July 13, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-2-35-42.
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Theoretical provisions concerning the subject of forensic vehicle inspections, their objects and tasks, investigatory techniques are still not developed in forensic and expert literature. Based on a review of investigative and expert practice, professional literature, synthesis of scientific opinions a classification is offered for diagnostic tasks of forensic vehicle inspections to establish: technical condition of vehicles; trajectory and characteristics of their movement; conditions of transport communication lines; reasons, mechanism and circumstances of a road traffic accident; the circumstances preceding a road traffic accident as well as related to assessment of actions of the workers responsible for service and repair of a vehicle to ascertain a possibility to prevent an accident. Situational tasks are given special consideration.
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Kampczyk, Arkadiusz. "Measurement of the geometric conditions of the visibility of the level railroad crossing." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_08_01.
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The article discusses the issues related to the visibility conditions of level railroad crossing - taking into account the author's measurements. The results of the work on the geometric visibility conditions were obtained with the use of the manual adapters used to mount the geodetic prisms on the manual or digital gauges. The measurements also used a magnetic-measuring device with a disc. The technical and operational documentation of a railway / road crossing or passage, called the rail / road crossing / passage meter, requires geodetic and diagnostic work. Obligatory preparation of this documentation leads to improvement of its quality and uniformity throughout the country. The article presents author's observations and conclusions. This work was performed within the statutory audit of AGH US 11.11.150.005.
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Slabej, Martin, Michal Grinč, Peter Kotek, Matúš Kováč, and Martin Decký. "Utilization of Advanced Diagnostic Methods for Texture and Rut Depth Analysis on a Testing Pavement Section." Civil and Environmental Engineering 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cee-2015-0003.
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Abstract Qualitative characteristics of pavement in wide range reflects the pavement serviceability, which is a summary of the characteristics of the pavement, providing a fast, smooth, economical and especially safe driving of motor-vehicles. The target factor of pavement serviceability and safety of roads represents the quality of their surface properties. In the framework of research activities performed in the Research Centre founded under the auspices of University of Žilina, individual parameters of pavement serviceability were monitored by pavement surface scanning. This paper describes the creation of a 3D - road surface model and its analysis and evaluation from the viewpoint of two pavement serviceability parameters - the rut depth and texture. Measurements were performed on an experimental pavement section used contemporary in an Accelerated Pavement Testing experiment. The long-term goal is to ascertain functions predicting degradation of these two pavement serviceability parameters.
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Cieśla, Maria. "Modern Urban Transport Infrastructure Solutions to Improve the Safety of Children as Pedestrians and Cyclists." Infrastructures 6, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6070102.
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This article presents the issues and needs for modern solutions in building urban infrastructure, based on the smart city idea to improve the living standards of residents. Particular attention is paid to one of the most important aspects of life, related to road safety of children as pedestrians and cyclists. Pedestrian sidewalks and bicycle paths with high pedestrian traffic are classified as dangerous areas in many countries. More than 3% of the injuries and fatalities among pedestrian road users that are victims of accidents occur due to crossing the road. Therefore, it is necessary to apply various technical infrastructure solutions to improve the safety of this group of inhabitants. The scientific purpose of this article is the assessment of the safety level of children in pedestrian and bicycle traffic and the analysis of road solutions supporting the maintenance of high-level city safety. The research was based on the analysis of statistical data of accidents and the diagnostic survey method determining the safety of the inhabitants of southern Poland. As a result, an analysis of the level of child safety in urban traffic was developed, as well as key factors affecting the levels of road safety, based on the opinions of respondents. Potential places with the greatest risk of collision with minors have also been identified. There are also proposals for infrastructure solutions aimed at minimising accident risk levels in designated areas.
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Jacobs, Trent. "As Road To Real-Time Fracturing Optimization Is Paved, Shale Producers Approach On-Ramps Cautiously." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 06 (June 1, 2021): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0621-0020-jpt.
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To say that the shale sector is on the cusp of a new era, one where fast-flowing streams of real-time well data and on-the-fly fracture designs are the norm, is not something one does lightly. It’s a bold declaration. It represents a step change that engineers have been told is just around the corner for several years. They’ve been promised software that will churn out truly optimized recipes of proppant concentration, rate, total volume, etc. to match each fracture stage’s piece of the rock. In a neat world, this nets better production from good stages while injecting less capital into bad stages—the ultimate win-win for a sector that spends 60–70% of well costs on the completion. We can pluck example after example from industry literature to prove the incremental existence of such tailor-made well pads. However, the mostly small-scale cases are far from representative of the aggregate. For some, the absence of scale fuels skepticism over whether real-time optimization will ever amount to much more than avoiding screenouts and other costly operational drags. Then again, history is not always the best predictor of the future. In this context, it discounts a slate of technologies and methods that didn’t exist 5 years ago or were still coming into their own. Some of these innovations are now part of the toolbox that operators are using to reach for the brass ring that is real-time optimization at scale. “Much like self-driving cars, we see the future of a self-driving oil field that’s self-optimizing and operated autonomously—an element of this would be automating the fracturing process,” said Rob Fast, the chief technology officer of the Bakken Shale producer Hess Corp. He added that this vision of the future could be coming soon. Hess and its service provider are scheduled to start the first field trials of an automated fracturing system sometime in June. While sharing details of the upcoming test, Fast emphasized that “this project is a collaboration project that combines automation and optimization and provides advanced measurements to optimize completions and well spacing.” Fast was speaking during the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference plenary where he said the decision to invest in automated fracturing comes after Hess spent more than a decade producing some of the industry’s most in-depth tight reservoir studies. Through that work, the operator has apparently concluded that right sizing fractures will require a reliable set of eyes and ears in the subsurface. That translates to an array of permanent fiber-optic cables and permanent downhole pressure gauges, along with temporary “dip in” fiber deployments. Traditionally, such a big data-giving diagnostic program would be deemed a “science project,” the widely used euphemism for the sector’s illuminating but hard-to-scale look-back studies. But Hess sees dividends if the diagnostic jewelry helps achieve a new ambition to complete 40% fewer wells in the Bakken while still maintaining current recovery estimates. “Serious beef,” Fast said of the sought-after target.
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Boyle, Malcolm J. "Comparison Overview of Prehospital Errors Involving Road Traffic Fatalities in Victoria, Australia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 24, no. 3 (June 2009): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00006890.
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AbstractIntroduction:Until early 2003, the Consultative Committee on Road Traffic Fatalities (CCRTF) in Victoria, Australia was the main body investigating and publishing data about prehospital errors resulting from road traffic fatalities. The objective of this study was to identify and interpret prehospital error rate trends associated with road traffic fatalities during a 10-year period of the CCRTF reports.Methods:This study is a review of the prehospital errors defined in Victorian CCRTF reports of preventable deaths of road traffic fatalities over a 10-year period.Results:Six CCRTF reports contained prehospital data for errors associated with road traffic fatalities. From 1992 to 1998, system errors decreased.However, over the same timeframe, management, technical, and diagnostic errors increased. There was a marked jump in system, technique, and diagnosis errors from 1998 to 2001–2003. However, management errors declined over the same timeframe. The jump in errors in the 1998 to 2001–2003 timeframe coincided with the introduction of advanced life support (ALS) for Victorian paramedics in 2000.The number of preventable deaths decreased from 1992 to 1998, however, there was an increase from 1999 onwards, coinciding with the introduction of the state trauma system and ALS for paramedics.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that there has been an increase in prehospital error rates, especially from 2000, which coincided with the introduction of ALS for paramedics and the state trauma system in Victoria, even though the state trauma system had an overall decrease in error rates.
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Merkisz, Jerzy, Marek Waligórski, Maciej Babiak, and Tomasz Kniaziewicz. "Analysis of marine combustion engine processes with vibroacoustic methods for environment protection strategy." Combustion Engines 153, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116999.
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The paper describes the method of a sea boats online diagnostic with the use of the main and accompanying processes analyses. The paper concerns injection and combustion processes taking place in internal combustion engines of the military boats. Authors chosen vibroacoustic processes in the research to obtain the important diagnostic information on the above processes runs and their correctness in the sources of a drive of the HDV off-road water transport vehicles. The specified method of a digital data acquisition for dynamic processes in such combustion engines and sort of diagnostic parameters taken into account were basis of the required empirical research process and further signal analyses. High accuracy of the measurement methodology and process with additional conditions caused the authors could take the obtained signals to the parallel, combustion engineering and vibroacoustic engineering process, according to which they extract important information on the combustion processes runs and their problems. Identification of such problems and its type was helpful to build algorithm of the diagnostic assessment of such processes in the point of view of building diagnostic system for such military boats with the regime of the efficiency of the energy changes and emission control in the all exploitation period.
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Verbakel, Jan Y., Philip J. Turner, Matthew J. Thompson, Annette Plüddemann, Christopher P. Price, Bethany Shinkins, and Ann Van den Bruel. "Common evidence gaps in point-of-care diagnostic test evaluation: a review of horizon scan reports." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e015760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015760.
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ObjectiveSince 2008, the Oxford Diagnostic Horizon Scan Programme has been identifying and summarising evidence on new and emerging diagnostic technologies relevant to primary care. We used these reports to determine the sequence and timing of evidence for new point-of-care diagnostic tests and to identify common evidence gaps in this process.DesignSystematic overview of diagnostic horizon scan reports.Primary outcome measuresWe obtained the primary studies referenced in each horizon scan report (n=40) and extracted details of the study size, clinical setting and design characteristics. In particular, we assessed whether each study evaluated test accuracy, test impact or cost-effectiveness. The evidence for each point-of-care test was mapped against the Horvath framework for diagnostic test evaluation.ResultsWe extracted data from 500 primary studies. Most diagnostic technologies underwent clinical performance (ie, ability to detect a clinical condition) assessment (71.2%), with very few progressing to comparative clinical effectiveness (10.0%) and a cost-effectiveness evaluation (8.6%), even in the more established and frequently reported clinical domains, such as cardiovascular disease. The median time to complete an evaluation cycle was 9 years (IQR 5.5–12.5 years). The sequence of evidence generation was typically haphazard and some diagnostic tests appear to be implemented in routine care without completing essential evaluation stages such as clinical effectiveness.ConclusionsEvidence generation for new point-of-care diagnostic tests is slow and tends to focus on accuracy, and overlooks other test attributes such as impact, implementation and cost-effectiveness. Evaluation of this dynamic cycle and feeding back data from clinical effectiveness to refine analytical and clinical performance are key to improve the efficiency of point-of-care diagnostic test development and impact on clinically relevant outcomes. While the ‘road map’ for the steps needed to generate evidence are reasonably well delineated, we provide evidence on the complexity, length and variability of the actual process that many diagnostic technologies undergo.
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Li, Chengguo, Eli Brewer, Liem Pham, and Heejung Jung. "Reducing Mobile Air Conditioner (MAC) Power Consumption Using Active Cabin-Air-Recirculation in A Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9040051.
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Air conditioner power consumption accounts for a large fraction of the total power used by hybrid and electric vehicles. This study examined the effects of three different cabin air ventilation settings on mobile air conditioner (MAC) power consumption, such as fresh mode with air conditioner on (ACF), fresh mode with air conditioner off (ACO), and air recirculation mode with air conditioner on (ACR). Tests were carried out for both indoor chassis dynamometer and on-road tests using a 2012 Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Real-time power consumption and fuel economy were calculated from On-Board Diagnostic-II (OBD-II) data and compared with results from the carbon balance method. MAC consumed 28.4% of the total vehicle power in ACR mode when tested with the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) SC03 driving cycle on the dynamometer, which was 6.1% less than in ACF mode. On the other hand, ACR and ACF mode did not show significant differences for the less aggressive on-road tests. This is likely due to the significantly lower driving loads experienced in the local driving route compared to the SC03 driving cycle. On-road and SC03 test results suggested that more aggressive driving tends to magnify the effects of the vehicle HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system settings. ACR conditions improved relative fuel economy (or vehicle energy efficiency) to that of ACO conditions by ~20% and ~8% compared to ACF conditions for SC03 and on-road tests, respectively. Furthermore, vehicle cabin air quality was measured and analyzed for the on-road tests. ACR conditions significantly reduced in-cabin particle concentrations, in terms of aerosol diffusion charger signal, by 92% compared to outside ambient conditions. These results indicate that cabin air recirculation is a promising method to improve vehicle fuel economy and improve cabin air quality.
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Ferraro, Simona, and Mauro Panteghini. "Making new biomarkers a reality: the case of serum human epididymis protein 4." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 57, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 1284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-1111.
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Abstract Background Measurement of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in serum has recently been proposed for clinical use in the framework of ovarian cancer (OvCa). We sought to retrace the translational phase and the clinical implementation steps boosting HE4’s clinical value and discuss the effects of its introduction on the diagnostic and management pathways. Methods Meta-analyses of running evidence have preliminarily suggested that HE4 may overcome carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in identifying OvCa, showing however several gaps that need to be considered, i.e. definition of biomarker diagnostic performance in the early detection of OvCa, added diagnostic value, biological and lifestyle factors of variation, and optimal interpretative criteria. Investigation of the influencing factors has shown that renal impairment represents a major limitation for HE4’s diagnostic power. On the other hand, the demonstration of the substantial equivalence of results obtained by commercially available assays allows recommending harmonized thresholds for diagnostic purpose, even if the study of HE4’s biological variation has clarified that the longitudinal interpretation of the biomarker changes according to the reference change value could be more appropriate. Summary We used HE4 as an example for describing the long and bumpy road for making a new biomarker a reality, and the issues that should be checked and the information that should be provided in moving a novel biomarker from its discovery to an effective clinical adoption.
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Kestler, Maureen A. "Techniques for Extending the Life of Low-Volume Roads in Seasonal Frost Areas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-35.
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Major highways are designed to withstand heavy vehicles and high traffic volumes year round. However, low-volume roads (LVRs) in seasonal frost areas are extremely susceptible to damage from trafficking by heavy vehicles during spring thaw. As a result, the maintenance-free life of an LVR in a seasonal frost area averages less than half that of a similar road in a nonfrost area. This study serves as a practical primer on addressing thaw weakening of LVRs: it offers guidance for identifying frost-susceptible soils, summarizes methods used and currently undergoing research to determine when conditions are critical, and provides several solutions for avoiding the costly impact of spring thaw on LVRs. Diagnostic tools and recommended road-usage techniques are provided for existing roads; alternative design techniques are presented for new and reconstructed roads. Tools and techniques are applicable across much of Europe, North America, and Asia; some also apply to wet areas outside seasonal frost areas.
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Dan, Roberto. "The Urartian Site of Garibin Tepe/Alaköy, Van, Turkey." Iran and the Caucasus 23, no. 1 (2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20190102.
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This article describes an interesting archaeological site located in the Van region, Turkey, called Garibin Tepe or Alaköy fortress. It is located not far from the important Ayanis fortress, an Urartian site that dates to the 7th century B.C. Illegal excavations have brought to light remnants of unique andesite sculptures and diagnostic pottery, which allow it to be dated with certainty to Urartian times. The site stood on the main road which joined the capital of Urartu, Van fortress, with the Muradiye plain and the Ararat valley.
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Fisa, Ronald, Chola Nakazwe, Charles Michelo, and Patrick Musonda. "Modelling Deaths Associated with Road Traffic Accidents and other Factors on Great North Road in Zambia between the Years 2010 and 2016 Using Poisson Models." Open Public Health Journal 12, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010068.
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Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1.24 million people die annually on the world’s roads, with 20-50 million sustaining non-fatal injuries. More than 85% (1.05 million) of the global deaths due to injuries occur in the developing world. Road traffic deaths and injuries are a major but neglected public health challenge that requires concerted efforts for effective and sustainable prevention. The objectives of the study were to estimate the incidence rate of death from RTAs, to determine factors associated with serious and fatal Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) and to determine which of the poisson models fit the count data better. Methods: Data was collected from Zambia Police (ZP), Traffic Division on accidents that occurred on the Great North Road (GNR) highway between Lusaka and Kapiri-Mposhi in Zambia from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016. Results from standard Poisson regression were compared to those obtained using the Negative Binomial (NB), Zero-Truncated Negative Binomial (ZTNB) and the Zero-Truncated Poisson (ZTP) regression models. Diagnostic tests were used to determine the best fit model. The data was analysed using STATA software, version 14.0 SE (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). Results: A total of 1, 023 RTAs were analysed in which 1, 212 people died. Of these deaths, 82 (7%) were Juveniles and 1, 130 (93%) were adults. Cause of accident such as pedestrians crossing the road accounted for 30% (310/1,023) while 29% (295/1,023) were as a result of driver’s excessive speed. The study revealed that driving in the early hours of the day (1AM-6AM) as compared to driving in the night (7PM-12AM) had a significant increase in the incidence rate of death from RTAs, Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) of 2.1, (95% CI={1.01-4.41}), p-value=0.048. Results further showed that public transport as compared to private transport had an increased incidence rate of death from RTAs (IRR=5.65, 95% CI={2.97-10.73}), p-value<0.0001. The two competing models were the ZTP and the ZTNB. The ZTP had AIC=1304.55, BIC= 1336.55, whereas the ZTNB had AIC=742.25 and BIC=819.69. This indicated that the ZTNB with smaller AIC and BIC was the best fit model for the data. Conclusion: There is a reduced incidence of dying if one is using a private vehicle as compared to a public vehicle. Driving in the early hours of the day (1AM and 6AM) had an increased incidence of death from RTAs. This study suggests that when dealing with counts in which there are a few zeros observed such as in serious and fatal RTAs, ZTNB fits the data well as compared to other models.
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Goniewicz, Krzysztof, Patrycja Misztal-Okońska, Patryk Rzońca, Klaudia Lulek, Kamil Bednarz, and Mariusz Goniewicz. "Analysis of the effectiveness concerning initiatives for pedestrians’ safety on roads: a questionnaire survey." Polish Journal of Public Health 127, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjph-2017-0035.
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Abstract Introduction. One of the most important issues and challenges of public safety policy in highly developed countries is the problem of ensuring road safety, along with dealing with health and material losses resulted from accidents. Unfortunately, Poland, in comparison to other EU countries, has one of the worst statistics regarding accidents and mortality ratios, therefore it is essential to undertake long-term actions aimed at improving road safety, as well as educating drivers and pedestrians. Aim. The purpose of this study is to analyse the problem and to investigate whether traffic safety campaigns are effective, and if they reach young audience. Material and methods. The research was conducted in the first quarter of 2018 among the students of Faculty of Health Sciences of the Medical University of Lublin. The study method applied was a diagnostic survey, and the tool was an original questionnaire. The participation was voluntary and anonymous. The obtained results were the subject of later statistical analysis. As many as 153 young respondents aged between 18 and 25 were tested, out of whom 73.68% were women and 26.32% were men. Results. Over half of the surveyed (56.3%) declared walking as the main form of participation in traffic, and 25.9% of the surveyed used public transport. The most numerous group of the examined (34.21%) thought that the Polish roads were rather unsafe. As the reasons for the low safety on the Polish roads the respondents identified: bad condition of the roads (69.1%), drivers’ recklessness (67.1%), and maladjustment of the driving style to weather conditions (60.5%). All respondents have encountered campaigns concerning road safety, however not too often (56.58% less than once a month). The surveyed encountered these social campaigns on TV (88.2%), on the Internet (54.6%), and on billboards (23.7%). Conclusion. Promotional campaigns concerning road safety have a greater impact on women. In the examined group, around 67% of women changed their behaviour as a result of the campaigns, and only 42.5% of men. Social campaign which was best remembered, and had the biggest influence on the respondents (50.3%) was „Say STOP to reckless driver you love”.
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Boulton, Tiffany. "Nothing and Everything: Fibromyalgia as a Diagnosis of Exclusion and Inclusion." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 6 (October 8, 2018): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732318804509.
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The diagnostic process promises a label that validates patients’ embodied experiences and a road map for living with and treating illness. Drawing on 31 qualitative interviews with women and men in Canada and the United Kingdom who have been diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM), in this article, I examine the participants’ experiences of the diagnostic process and how they feel about receiving this label. The interviews reflect that the FM label is plagued by uncertainty because the diagnosis is based on the absence of verifiable pathology. The respondents’ narratives also reveal that FM is a vague diagnosis that includes a multitude of symptoms, overlaps with several other diagnoses, and results in feelings of doubt regarding whether it is the correct label. Thus, the participants’ narratives reflect that the FM diagnosis is largely an empty promise because it fails to provide definitive answers or confer meaning and legitimacy to their illness experiences.
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Kireev, Konstantin A., and A. A. Fokin. "The role of vascular center in implementation of regional program of specialized medical care under acute coronary syndrome." Health Care of the Russian Federation 60, no. 3 (May 24, 2019): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2016-60-3-116-120.
Full textAbstract:
The study was carried out to improve results of treatment of patients with acute coronary pathology. The retrospective analysis was implemented concerning functioning of the regional vascular center «The road clinical hospital on the Chelyabinsk railway station» during 2012-2014. The three years experience of rendering of specialized medical care under myocardium infarction within the framework of regional program numbers 1192 cases that amounts to 51.4% of all patients admitted to hospital with acute coronary syndrome. The re-perfusion interventions were applied to 845 patients (70.9%). The emergency transcutaneous coronary interventions were applied to 776 patients (65.1%). The coefficient of involvement of «The road clinical hospital on the Chelyabinsk railway station» in diagnostic and treatment activities among regional vascular centers made up to 19.6 and 26.2% correspondingly. The three-years lethality (2012-2014) made up to 10.8% (2012 - 10,4%, 2013 - 12,5%, 2014 - 10,3%). The best indicators of lethality among patients with reperfusion therapy made up to 7.5% and the worst indicators made up to 18.5% among patients without re-perfusion therapy. The functioning of «The road clinical hospital on the Chelyabinsk railway station» in the field of rendering of specialized medical care to patients with acute coronary pathology is characterized by significant decreasing of lethality from 16% in 2007-2011 when endovascular technologies were not applied up to 10.8% during analyzed period 2012-2014.