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1
Calvosa, Paolo. "Responsible Gambling Strategies for Internet Gambling: An Empirical Investigation into the Italian Gambling Market." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 7 (June 6, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n7p17.
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The aim of this study is to analyse, in the Italian sports betting sector, the impact of Internet gambling on the level of consumption of gambling products and the responsible gambling strategies adopted by the on line gambling operators. From the methodological viewpoint the research work has been organised into two phases. In the first phase, an empirical investigation has been carried out on a sample of Italian consumers directed towards measuring the impact that the use of the Internet has on the volume of bets made on sports events. In the second phase, an analytical work has been performed on the on line gambling websites of the main operators of the Italian sports betting market, directed towards examining the measures adopted for promoting responsible gambling. The results of the empirical research indicate, on the one hand, that in the Italian market, as has happened in other national gambling markets, the legalization of on line sports betting may determine an increase in the level of consumption of gambling products and, thus, in the potential risks of excessive gambling; and, on the other hand, that the normative approach adopted in the Italian gambling market, based on a ‘concession model’ which provides for a strong public control of the gambling operators, has favoured a widespread adoption by the on line betting companies of an articulated series of measures aimed towards harm minimisation in Internet gambling. Thus, the findings of this study contribute towards the economic-managerial literature on the theme of firms’ social responsibility by providing important insights for gambling firms and public policy makers regarding the responsible gambling strategies for Internet gambling adoptable in the markets, such as the Italian one, in which on line gambling is fully regulated.
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Calvosa, Paolo. "The Impact of the Structural Characteristics of Poker on Market Evolution and Competitive Dynamics in the Internet Poker Industry in Italy." International Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 10 (September 5, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n10p155.
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The aim of this study is to analyze the impact that the specific nature and characteristics of the game of poker have had on the development of the Internet poker industry in Italy and on the competitive strategies of on line gambling operators. It facilitates the overall understanding of the different effects that the legalization of Internet gambling in Italy has had on the evolution of the poker industry, in respect to other gambling sectors. Based of existing literature, the study has shown that two distinctive features define the game of Internet poker. The first is connected to the nature of games of skill that distinguishes poker; the second, instead, is linked to the fact that Internet poker is a ‘player-versus-player game’, i.e. it requires the simultaneous presence at gaming tables by multiple players. In order to analyze the market dynamics of the Internet poker industry, from a methodological viewpoint the study is supported by an empirical investigation that concerned all the ‘on line poker rooms’ in Italy that were remote gambling licenses or sub-licensees in 2018. The results of the empirical analysis have highlighted that the progress of market sales and competitive strategies that have typified the evolution of the on line poker market in Italy seem to be strongly influenced by the specific characteristics of the game of poker. This has led to the affirmation of a distinctive structure of competition in this market, that differs from that of other categories of on line games. The empirical analysis carried out has also made it possible to show that the legalization of on line gambling, that started in 2008, has opened the Italian regulated gambling industry to competition from foreign ‘Internet pure players’, who have acquired a strong market position in the on line poker sector. The results of the research provide interesting indications to policy makers in the field of the regulation of on line gambling and also bring out interesting implications of a managerial nature that help to devise competitive strategies more consistent with the specific characteristics of the game of poker.
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Villeneuve, Jean-Patrick. "Gambling Regulation and Risk." European Journal of Risk Regulation 1, no. 4 (December 2010): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00000878.
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This section discusses the regulation of “lifestyle risks”, a term that can apply to both substances and behaviours. Lifestyle risks take place along the line of “abstinence – consumption – abuse – addiction”. This can concern substances such as food, alcohol or drugs, as well as behaviours such as gambling or sports. The section also addresses the question of the appropriate point of equilibrium between free choice and state intervention (regulation), as well as the question of when risks can be considered to be acceptable or tolerable. In line with the interdisciplinary scope of the journal, the section aims at updating readers on both the regulatory and the scientific developments in the field. It analyses legislative initiatives and judicial decisions and at the same time it provides insight into recent empirical studies on lifestyle risks.
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Stewart, Melissa J., Parnell L. Davis MacNevin, David C. Hodgins, Sean P. Barrett, Jennifer Swansburg, and Sherry H. Stewart. "Motivation-Matched Approach to the Treatment of Problem Gambling: A Case Series Pilot Study." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 33 (August 1, 2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.33.8.
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The aim of the present case series was to provide a preliminary assessment of the utility of a motivation-matched treatment for problem gamblers. On the basis of their primary underlying motivations for gambling, 6 problem gamblers received either action-motivated (n = 4) or escape-motivated (n = 2) treatment. Drawing upon a cognitive-behavioural framework, this 6-session motivation-matched treatment was designed to address gamblers' maladaptive motivations for gambling (i.e., the need or desire for "escape" or "action"), as well as the effects of conditioning and maladaptive thinking patterns unique to each gambling motive subtype. Assessments were conducted at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-up. Primary outcome measures included gambling behaviour (i.e., gambling frequency, time, and money spent gambling), severity of gambling problems, and gambling-related impairment or disability; secondary outcome measures included gambling-related craving, gambling abstinence self-efficacy, positively and negatively reinforcing gambling situations, and gambling outcome expectancies. Overall, participants showed pre- to post-treatment improvements on the majority of these measures, with relatively less immediate post-treatment treatment gains observed on measures that assessed positively and negatively reinforcing gambling situations and gambling-related impairment or disability. However, treatment gains at the 3- and 6-month follow-up were shown for most participants on these latter measures as well. Findings suggest promise for this novel treatment approach. The next step in this line of research is to conduct a randomized, controlled trial to compare the efficacy of this motivation-matched treatment for disordered gambling with treatment as usual.
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Hahmann, Tara, and Eva Monson. "Rationalization as a Dissonance Management Strategy among Electronic Gambling Machine Players." Critical Gambling Studies 2, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cgs32.
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Erroneous gambling-related beliefs are well researched in light of their association with problem gambling, with some research suggesting these beliefs also serve as justifications for gambling behaviour. The process of justification (i.e., rationalization) can provide insights into how those who gamble resolve dissonance resulting from persistent loss in the gambling context. Using in-depth interviews of 43 participants who identified electronic gambling machines as their preferred game type and were either experiencing gambling problems or were at risk of developing a problem, this study details how dissonance is managed through rationalizations in line with the Dawson (1999) framework. This framework is based on research of religious groups surviving prophetic disconfirmation and is employed here to highlight the contextual and socio-cultural underpinnings of rationalizations along with their supernatural and pseudo-religious qualities. Rationalizations reflect broader socio-cultural beliefs around morality, work, speculation, perseverance, and the supernatural. Implications for treatment are discussed.
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Toporetska, Zoriana. "REFORMING OF GAMBLING TAXATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, no. 4 (January 2, 2023): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2022-4-12.
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The article is devoted studding the reforming of gambling taxation in Ukraine in order to choose the most optimal model of taxation for Ukraine, taking into account the foreign experience of European countries, Ukraine’s commitments to the EU. By signing the Association Agreement with the EU, Ukraine has committed itself to bringing its national legislation in line with EU law. There are no direct commitments of Ukraine to the EU to establish some regulation of the gambling business in Ukraine. However, all European countries regulate gambling at the level of national legislation. Gambling has been allowed in Ukraine since 2020, but the current model of gambling taxation creates an excessive tax burden on the industry and contributes to the spread of illegal gambling. The article analyzes the current model of gambling taxation in relation to the cost of the license and in comparison with the tax models of other European countries. The authors conclude that European countries use a simple approach: "expensive" licenses – low taxes or "cheap" licenses – high taxes. However, Ukraine regulates gambling on the principle "expensive" licenses – high taxes, which does not contribute to the development of the legal gambling market, but on the contrary, the gambling business operates illegally. The authors also analyzed existing proposals to change the gambling tax system, as proposed in Bill №2713-d, and concluded that the proposed model contains a number of gaps that, if passed, could be used to commit crimes related to with the gambling business, and, as a consequence, to the growth of crime in Ukraine as a whole. Among the crimes related to the gambling business, the authors include: legalization of proceeds from crime (arms, drugs, smuggling, etc.); legalization of corrupt income; tax evasion, etc. In this article, the authors provide specific suggestions for improving the provisions of the bill, which will significantly reduce the risk of gambling-related crime.
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McMullan, John L., and Delthia Miller. "All in! The commercial advertising of offshore gambling on television." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 22 (December 1, 2008): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2008.22.6.
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There is a paucity of research on the advertising of gambling, especially the intensely marketed Internet poker and blackjack games. This study examines ads that aired on cable television in one Canadian jurisdiction. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we analyze 64 distinct commercials that aired 904 times over a 6-month period. Our findings show that these ads target audiences along age, gender, and ethnic lines and mobilize celebrities, excitement, and humour as persuasive techniques to promote the view that on-line gambling is an entertainment experience in which skill prevails over luck, winning dominates losing, fantasy overshadows reality, leisure trumps work, and the potential for personal change eclipses the routines of everyday life. We conclude that the e-gambling advertising assemblage, with its high-volume exposure, attractiveness, pervasiveness, and repetitiveness of messaging is now an embedded feature of everyday life that is especially connected to popular sport culture and to the fun ethic of contemporary consumer culture.
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Lee, Uibin, Lauren E. Lewis, and Devin J. Mills. "Association between gambling and financial trading: A systemic review." F1000Research 12 (January 30, 2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.129754.1.
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Background: Financial trading is often categorized separately from traditional forms of gambling (e.g., blackjack, poker, lottery, slot machines), as it is often viewed from an investing lens. However, the arbitrary line separating investing from gambling has become increasingly questioned, especially as it relates to high-risk trading behaviors (e.g., day trading, trading on margin) and riskier financial assets (e.g., options, cryptocurrencies). Further, the risk of gambling-related harms among financial traders appears to be amplified by new financial technologies, which have increased access to riskier financial assets and have encouraged riskier trading behaviors. Thus, the aim of the present study is to systematically review the literature assessing problem gambling among financial traders as well as the association between financial trading frequency and problem gambling. Methods: Twelve articles from three databases (SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) met the inclusion criteria, and were reviewed. Results: The prevalence of problem gambling was generally higher among individuals who engage in trading financial products, but rates varied substantially (1.4% to 47.2%) due in large part to differences in the study population, the problem gambling measures used, and the cutoff scores employed. Similarly, financial trading frequency was consistently associated with more severe problem gambling, but the strength of these associations ranged across studies. Conclusion: Collectively, while findings from these studies suggest that financial traders are at greater risk for problem gambling, it is evident that trading riskier assets and engaging in riskier trading behaviors place individuals at a substantially greater risk for problem gambling. Recommendations for future research include focusing on at-risk populations, practical implications for the intervention and policy, and emerging issues of digital technologies.
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Zentall, Thomas R. "An Animal Model of Human Gambling." International Journal of Psychological Research 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.2284.
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Human gambling generally involves taking a risk on a low probability high outcome alternative over the more economically optimal high probability low outcome alternative (not gambling). Surprisingly, although optimal foraging theory suggests that animals should be sensitive to the overall probability of reinforcement, the results of many experiments suggest otherwise. For example, they do not prefer an alternative that 100% of the time provides them with a stimulus that always predicts reinforcement over an alternative that provides them with a stimulus that predicts reinforcement 50% of the time. This line of research leads to the conclusion that preference depends on the predictive value of the stimulus that follows and surprisingly, not on its frequency. A similar mechanism likely accounts for the suboptimal choice that humans have to engage in commercial gambling.
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Max, Raphael, Alexander Kriebitz, and Christoph Luetge. "Economic Activities Under Uncertainty: The Difference Between Speculation, Investment and Gambling." Journal of Management and Sustainability 10, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v10n1p28.
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In the ethical discourse about financial markets, the terms “investment”, “speculation” and “gambling” often seem confusing and lack a clear distinction. The inconsistent use of this terminology has concrete consequences for the public perception. We attempt to establish a concept which draws a clear line between these activities and can serve as a baseline for discourse about how to assess investment, speculation and gambling on a normative level. We analyze existing literature and develop a conceptual framework to provide an overview of the differences between investment, speculation and gambling. We conclude that gambling differs structurally from investment and speculation in terms of the classic distinction between risk and uncertainty and the separation between consuming and non-consuming activities. Moreover, we arrive at the conclusion that investment and speculation share too many similarities to be separated in a consistent way.
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SUBERBIOLA GARBIZU, Irune. "Online jokoen gaineko tributuak Ekonomi Itunean." RVAP 99-100, no. 99-100 (December 30, 2014): 2831–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.118.
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LABURPENA: Maitzaren 27ko13/2011 Legeak, Estatuari Estatu mailan garatutako on line jokoen eskuduntza emateaz gain, hauek kargatzen dituen zerga berri bat, Joko Jardueren gaineko Zerga, sortzen du. Zerga honen ituntzearen arira, artikulu honek Estatuaren berreskuduntza prozesua, tributu ikuspuntutik honek duen esanahia eta sortu ditzakeen arazoak aztertzen dira artikulu honetan. RESUMEN: La Ley 13/2011, de 27 de mayo, además de atribuir al Estado la competencia sobre los juegos on line, crea un nuevo impuesto que los grava, el Impuesto sobre actividades de juego. En este artículo se analizan el proceso competencial del Estado para pactar dicho impuesto, su significado desde la perspectiva tributaria y los problemas que pueda causar. ABSTRACT: Act 13/2011 of May 27th besides conferring the State with the power of on line gambling, it creates a new tax upon them, the tax on gambling activities. In this article we analyze the process of conferral of powers by the State to agree on that tax, its meaning from the taxation point of view and the problems that might cause.
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Wenz, Mike. "The Impact of Casino Gambling on Housing Markets: A Hedonic Approach." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 1, no. 2 (January 2, 2013): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v1i2.512.
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The social and economic impact of casino gambling has been a contentious issue in both the popular and academic press. Prior academic research has focused largely on constructing piece-by-piece cost benefit accounting, but theoretical and measurement issues have prevented researchers from reaching a consensus as to the bottom line impact of casino gambling. This paper uses a hedonic approach to estimate directly the implicit price and the welfare impacts of a casino on its local area. The hedonic approach provides consistent estimates of the net change in social welfare without relying on a piecemeal approach to measuring costs and benefits. Using data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census of Population and Housing, the estimated net benefit of casino gambling at year 2000 levels was approximately 2% of household value, or about $2,000-$3,000 per household for households living near a casino. Additionally, there are positive spillover effects to neighboring in-state regions and no significant costs to out-of-state border regions. A particularly important finding for policymakers is that the benefits associated with a casino depend inversely on population density. Casinos are more likely to create net benefits in areas where population density is low.
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Jääskeläinen, Paula Piritta, Michael Egerer, and Matilda Hellman. "Ambiguity and Abjection: Residents’ Reactions to a New Urban Casino." Critical Gambling Studies 2, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cgs18.
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While the social and economic costs and benefits of new gambling locations have been studied extensively, less is known about how new venues are experienced in view of city residents’ spatial and sociocultural identities. This study examines residents’ opinions and expectations on a new small-scale casino in the City of Tampere, Finland, as a case of new gambling opportunities in an urban setting. Nine focus group interviews were conducted with 43 Tampere residents three years prior to the scheduled casino opening. The study points out ways in which the residents struggled conceptually with the casino project. When speaking about it, participants drew on an imagery of popular culture, drawing a sharp line between casino gambling and the everyday convenience gambling so omnipresent in Finnish society. As residents of a historical industrial urban region, the participants positioned themselves as critical towards the municipality’s aims to brand the venue in a larger experience economy entity. By drawing on the concepts of city image and city identity, the study is able to demonstrate that the cultural geographical intrusion of new physical gambling spaces can appear as harmful to the city character. In the studied case, this is likely to hamper the City of Tampere’s chances to prevail on the very same experience market, of which the new casino is part.
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Achab, Sophia, Anne Chatton, Riaz Khan, Gabriel Thorens, Louise Penzenstadler, Daniele Zullino, and Yasser Khazaal. "Early Detection of Pathological Gambling: Betting on GPs’ Beliefs and Attitudes." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/360585.
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Pathological gambling (PG) is an addictive disorder with harm related to the high psychiatric comorbidity and increased suicidal risk. Prevalence rates in general population range from 0.2% to 2.1%. Problem gamblers are hard to attract to treatment programs for several proper reasons and for obstacles (e.g., accessibility). To address these obstacles, primary care (where the problem gambling (PrG) prevalence seems to be 6.2%) has a crucial role to play (i.e., identifying and referring patients to specialized treatment programs and treating at first line when needed and possible) in the era of online gambling offer expansion. The present work aimed to collect data on resources in the field from GPs themselves, using a 24-item online questionnaire. Swiss French-speaking participants were asked about their screening practice and knowledge. The results state that the vast majority of them are aware of the existence and the potential impact of PrG on their patients. However, PrG screening is not systematic and their knowledge of adequate treatments or referral methods is scarce. GPs being central to health screening in general, targeted advice and training on short screening tools and better knowledge of referral pathways should be promoted and continued to empower the GP’s management skills in a public health approach.
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Lucchini, Fabio, and Simona Lorena Comi. "Social Costs of Gambling Harm in Italy." Critical Gambling Studies 3, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cgs50.
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The aim of this study is to provide an estimate of the social costs of gambling in Italy. In line with other research on social costs, the present study estimates the consequences of gambling harm on public finances, focusing on the estimated costs to treat high-risk gamblers, costs associated with productivity losses, costs of unemployment, personal and family costs, crime and legal costs. We used two different approaches to calculate these costs. The first approach, used for health care costs, consists of using the lump sum spent to prevent the harm caused to high-risk gamblers. The second approach involves estimating the number of high-risk gamblers causing the cost, which is then multiplied with the average unit cost per person. Our estimates of the annual social costs of gambling in Italy – more than EUR 2.3 billion – demonstrate a substantial economic burden to society. However, the costs are a substantial underestimate, as they are limited to those of a public nature and do not take into consideration those costs borne by moderate and low-risk gamblers, as well as affected others.
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Bandac, Vlad Constantin, and Cristina Stefanescu. "Adaptation in Affective Video Games during the Covid-19 Pandemic." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 13, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/13.1/278.
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Though national players area unit on the average 35-44 years recent, most diagnoses of on-line recreation Disorder occur in adolescents. This data point may be a symptom of the usually neglected role of Adults within the diagnostic method, the questionable initial line in perceiving a tangle of web use and games in their kids. Parents' negative attitudes towards games and family quarrels are shown to be predictors of gambling addiction among adolescents.
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Calvosa, Paolo. "The Influence of E-Commerce in Changing Competition in Regulated Industries: An Analysis in the Italian Sports Betting Market." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n12p306.
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The effect of the Internet and e-commerce on industry competition has been widely discussed in economic-managerial literature. Most of the studies focused on the analysis of the impact of Internet technologies on specific industry structural factors – in particular on sectoral price levels –, but no sufficient empirical evidence based on overall industry change is yet available. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of e-commerce on the transformation of the industrial structure and competition in a regulated market, that of Italian sports betting. This market, because the effect of a process of legalization of on-line sports betting that started in 2006, has been interested by a continuous shift of purchases of sport bets, ranging from the traditional sales channels to digital ones. This has contributed in creating an on-line gambling sector among the most developed and consolidated in the world. From a methodological point of view, firstly the data from a series of secondary sources was processed in order to examine the main changes in the Italian sports betting market induced by the legalization of on-line gambling. Secondly, the data and information collected through specific empirical investigations was used to examine the impact of Internet betting on gambling operators’ business models and on players’ gambling behavior in the Italian market. The results of the analysis has shown that the development of Internet technologies and of e-commerce has had, on the one hand, a positive influence on the growth of the sales in the Italian sports betting market; and on the other hand, has impacted on a series of structural factors in the sector – entry barriers, number of competitors, geographical opening of the market, levels of pricing, average profit margins – in such a way as to determine an increase in industry competition. In particular, use by foreign companies of the electronic distribution channel as a ‘mode of entry’ into different geographical markets is causing the development of competition that goes beyond national borders, reducing the strongly domestic oligopolistic structure that has always characterized the Italian sports betting industry.
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Matsushita, Mitsuo, and Aya Iino. "Cross-Border Gambling and Betting Services Under WTO Disciplines." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 1 (2006): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2194607800000831.
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AbstractUnder GATS, Mode I involves the supply of a service from the territory of one Member into the territory of any other Member. Few negotiators of the Uruguay Round would have imagined the significance that this mode has come to acquire, or that on-line gambling service would flourish so much as to raise a dispute between Members of the WTO. As the first precedent on Mode I of GATS, “US-Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services” contains important suggestive interpretations of Members' Schedules as well as general exceptions of the GATS, including burden of proof. The authors review the reports of the Panel and Appellate Body, and explore the implications of the case beyond GATS.
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Buchanan, June. "Money laundering through gambling devices." Society and Business Review 13, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-08-2017-0057.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to examine how money laundering occurs through electronic gaming devices, the regulatory requirements for operators of electronic gaming machines, the issues of on-line versus land-based gambling and a discussion about ethics and social responsibility. Design/methodology/approach This is primarily a conceptual paper which includes an identification of several theories relevant to money laundering. Primary data were obtained from one respondent through a face-to-face meeting and another through a telephone conversation. Findings A strong, globally co-ordinated effort is required to fight against the increasingly “dark side” of money laundering. The tenets of corporate social responsibility (CSR), including a strong focus on ethics, is vitally important in the gambling industry in helping to wipe out money laundering, which is used to make “dirty” money “clean” and in some instances, used to fund terrorism. Research limitations/implications Further studies could be conducted incorporating a sample of primary data within, and between, jurisdictions. Further work is recommended for developing a form of global collective targeted practical deterrents, supported by technology including artificial intelligence as identified to some degree in this paper. Whilst this paper has included a discussion on CSR, moral management and ethics as a means of arbitrating money laundering, future research could put this idea to the test. Practical implications Efforts (including technological) to combat money laundering at the venue level continue to be developed. Further, regulations could include mandatory training in CSR and ethics for all employees in organisations identified by regulators as being particularly susceptible to money laundering. Social implications Terrorist actions have gained increasing attention as various countries have had to endure seemingly escalating atrocities in their jurisdictions. Government has an important role to take the necessary steps to strike out terrorism to protect its citizens. Originality/value No peer-reviewed academic articles could be identified using a Google Scholar search on money laundering and/or marketing and or CSR. A limited number of articles were identified using the search terms “money laundering and gambling”.
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Griffiths, Mark. "Interactive television quizzes as gambling: A cause for concern?" Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 20 (June 1, 2007): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2007.20.9.
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Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of UK television shows in which viewers call into the show using a premium-rate telephone service. At one level it could be argued that in these instances viewers are participating in a lottery. Viewers are typically asked to call a premium-rate telephone line to answer a simple question. Winners are then chosen from all those viewers with the correct answer. It could also be argued that the viewer is staking money (i.e., the cost of the premium-rate telephone call) on the outcome of a future event (i.e., whether they will get the correct answer). This again could be defined as a form of gambling. Interactive television quiz shows share many of the dimensions of interactive television gambling and also raise the same concerns about vulnerable and susceptible populations. These concerns are discussed.
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Schellinck, Tony, and Tracy Schrans. "Intelligent design: How to model gambler risk assessment by using loyalty tracking data." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 26 (December 1, 2011): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2011.26.5.
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The ability to analyse player data collected from customer loyalty programs, smart cards, and on-line systems by risk for problem gambling has the potential to change the gaming industry and how it operates. Gambling providers are coming under increasing pressure to make use of player tracking data to identify and subsequently help at-risk and/or problem gamblers. Although the prospect of successful identification and intervention is vastly improved by the use of such a system, there are still legitimate concerns surrounding how to implement and evaluate the use of player data for these purposes. To inform ongoing debate, this paper will provide an overview of lessons learned through the authors' work in creating gambler risk assessment models by using loyalty data. This paper has particular relevance for social policy, regulatory oversight, and corporate social responsibility applications.
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Rosi, Alessia, Elena Cavallini, Nadia Gamboz, and Riccardo Russo. "On the generality of the effect of experiencing prior gains and losses on the Iowa Gambling Task: A study on young and old adults." Judgment and Decision Making 11, no. 2 (March 2016): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500007294.
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AbstractProspect Theory predicts that people tend to be more risk seeking if their reference point is perceived as a loss and more risk averse when the reference point is perceived as a gain. In line with this prediction, Franken, Georgieva, Muris and Dijksterhuis (2006) showed that young adults who had a prior experience of monetary gains make more safe choices on subsequent decisions than subjects who had an early experience of losses. There are no experimental studies on how experiencing prior gains and losses differently influences young and older adults on a subsequent decision-making task (the Iowa Gambling Task). Hence, in the current paper, adapting the methodology employed by Franken et al.’s (2006), we intended to test the generality of their effect across the life span. Overall, we found that subjects who experienced prior monetary gains or prior monetary losses did not display significant differences in safe/risky choices on subsequent performance in the Iowa Gambling task. Furthermore, the impact of prior gains and losses on risky/safe card selection did not significantly differ between young and older adults. These results showed that the effect found in the Franken et al.’s study (2006) is limited in its generality.
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Loer, Kathrin. "An Ounce for Prevention… Germany’s Public Policy on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention." European Journal of Risk Regulation 7, no. 4 (December 2016): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00010217.
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AbstractThis section discusses the regulation of “lifestyle risks” a term that can apply to both substances and behaviours. Lifestyle risks take place along the line of “abstinence - consumption - abuse - addiction”. This can concern substances such as food, alcohol or drugs, as well as behaviours such as gambling or sports. The section also addresses the question of the appropriate point of equilibrium between free choice and state intervention (regulation), as well as the question of when risks can be considered to be acceptable or tolerable. In line with the interdisciplinary scope of the journal, the section aims at updating readers on both the regulatory and the scientific developments in the field. It analyses legislative initiatives and judicial decisions and at the same time it provides insight into recent empirical studies on lifestyle risks.
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TOCE-GERSTEIN, MARIANNA, DEAN R. GERSTEIN, and RACHEL A. VOLBERG. "Where to draw the line? Response to comments on ‘A hierarchy of gambling disorders in the community’." Addiction 98, no. 12 (December 2003): 1678–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00609.x.
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Team, David, and Nigel E. Turner. "The addictiveness of online brokerage services: A first person account." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 25 (June 1, 2011): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2011.25.9.
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In the story below, David describes the personal challenges he has faced in controlling his on-line stock market investing. Following David's account, Nigel Turner presents some general observations that tie David's story to the research literature on problem gambling. The viewpoints in David and Nigel's sections reflect the ideas and opinions of their respective author-although this account is collaborative, both authors worked independently and take credit only for their contribution1.
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Kochetkov, N. V. "Socio-psychological aspects, depending on the online games and the method of its diagnosis." Social Psychology and Society 7, no. 3 (2016): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2016070311.
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The article analyzes a non-chemical type of the dependence on online games. The author considers classification and universal signs of dependence and draws the line between the two types of addictive behavior: Internet dependence and dependence on online games. In contrast to clinical characteristics used in the scientific literature, the author suggests a new criterion for identification of the dependence on the on- line games in the scientific psychological school A.V. Petrovsky — position "significant other" in real or virtual space. "Game addiction" — a new term, which is introduced in order to distinguish between the concept of gambling, dependence on online games and, dependence on the game, carried out without Internet connection. The author proposes and substantiates the socio-psychological research methodology aimed at its diagnos- tics. Empirical results that indicate differences in the level of Internet dependence and dependence on online games of respondents, depending on the factor of having "sig- nificant other” in the network, are represented.
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Villeneuve, Jean-Patrick. "Acknowledging and Addressing the Issue of Match Fixing: The Case of Sport Organisations." European Journal of Risk Regulation 6, no. 4 (December 2015): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00005183.
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This section discusses the regulation of “lifestyle risks”, a term that can apply to both substances and behaviours. Lifestyle risks take place along the line of “abstinence – consumption – abuse – addiction”. This can concern substances such as food, alcohol or drugs, as well as behaviours such as gambling or sports. The section also addresses the question of the appropriate point of equilibrium between free choice and state intervention (regulation), as well as the question of when risks can be considered to be acceptable or tolerable. In line with the interdisciplinary scope of the journal, the section aims at updating readers on both the regulatory and the scientific developments in the field. It analyses legislative initiatives and judicial decisions and at the same time it provides insight into recent empirical studies on lifestyle risks.
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Calvosa, Paolo. "Internet Retailing and Pricing Decisions: An Examination in the Italian Gambling Market." International Journal of Business and Management 17, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v17n4p110.
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The rapid growth of e-commerce over the last few years has sparked a stream of research that analyzed the impact of Internet retailing on market prices. It has been theorized that the low entry and transaction costs associated with electronic commerce should lead to a reduction in prices, especially for homogeneous products. Some scholars have verified, through empirical research, whether the prices of specific products and services sold through the electronic distribution channel are, as hypothesized, lower than those practiced in brick and mortar stores. The results of this research, even if they mostly confirm the greater price efficiency of e-commerce compared to the physical sales network, are however not univocal. This paper intends to offer an original contribution in this field of study, examining a particular industry that in recent years has been affected by an exponential increase in online sales, that of gambling. The aim of this work is to analyze whether in the Italian sports betting market, in line with theoretical hypotheses, online prices are lower than offline prices and whether the development of Internet sales has been accompanied by greater market efficiency and, therefore, a generalized reduction in prices. From a methodological point of view, the study was developed by collecting and processing the official market data of the regulated sports betting sector in Italy provided by the Agency of Customs and Monopoly, for the years ranging from 2011 to 2019, thus carrying out a longitudinal analysis on price levels and related changes over time. The results of the analysis have shown that in the period analyzed in the Italian regulated sports betting market the average prices paid for the betting products offered by the gambling websites remained lower, in a range going from 38 to 48 percent, as compared to those practiced by betting shops. It also emerged that there was a general reduction in the average price levels of betting products equal to almost 50 percent. These results have interesting managerial implications for gambling operators and provide some indications for state institutions that are responsible for gambling policy and legislative changes.
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Szabo, Attila. "Addiction, passion, or confusion? New theoretical insights on exercise addiction research from the case study of a female body builder." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 14, no. 2 (June 19, 2018): 296–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v14i2.1545.
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Exercise addiction is widely studied in sport science and psychology, but at this time it is not recognized as an independently diagnosable mental or psychiatric disorder. Indeed, studies on exercise addiction assess a level of risk for disordered exercise behaviour, characterized by lack of control and negative personal consequences. It is argued that commitment and passion are two overlapping features of high exercise involvement which obscure the fine line between healthy and unhealthy exercise. The present case study examined a successful female body builder who initially claimed that she was addicted to exercise. During an interview she also completed three questionnaires and her appraisal of well-being in eight life domains were assessed at present, as well as retrospectively before her intensive involvement with exercise. She was screened under the Non-Substance Related Disorders category of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders classification of DSM-5 for gambling, by replacing the word "gambling" with "exercise". Although she was susceptible to exercise addiction, attained high scores on obsessive passion, exhibited more than four symptoms on the DSM list, she exhibited no signs of loss of control and she mainly reported positive experiences associated with her exercise behaviour. She has obtained a nearly maximum score on commitment to exercise and high score on harmonious passion. Almost all aspects of her life have changed in positive direction after getting intensely involved in exercise. This case illustrates that the current scholastic path to the study of exercise addiction may be obscured by ambiguous assumptions and unilateral quantitative focus.
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Kurnia Parmasari, Erlis, and Gede Agung Raynanda Putra N. "KETIDAKSETUJUAN KEGIATAN JUDI MERPATI DEMI MENJAGA KELESTARIANNYA (KHUSUSNYA PADA DAERAH KENJERAN, SURABAYA)." Mimbar Keadilan 14, no. 2 (June 26, 2021): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/mk.v14i2.5246.
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AbstractThis research on pigeon gambling was made with the aim of informing residents that until now there are still many who carry out pigeon gambling activities, especially in the Kenjeran area of Surabaya. With the pigeon gambling activity, of course, indirectly harming their relatives, especially themselves if they do this, because if they fail, they will bet to pay the money according to the agreement. Where it is not profitable at all, but rather an addiction or desire more to hope to win and produce quickly. Pigeon gambling is a game using birds that are contested to compete with the flying speed of the pigeons until they reach the finish line that has been prepared and determined by the “adu doro” (pigeon fighting) committee. In Surabaya, especially in the Kenjeran area, the existence of "fight-doro" activities is still often seen. Even though Surabaya is a big city, “pigeon fighting” activities are only carried out at certain times, namely Sundays or holidays. Before participating in the competition, the pigeons must be trained first, the practice is carried out every afternoon so that the pigeons can be more sensitive to their cruising range.Keywords: bet; deviant behavior; pigeon gamblingAbstrakPenelitian mengenai judi burung merpati ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk memberitahu kepada para warga yang sampai saat ini masih banyak yang melakukan kegiatan judi burung merpati, khususnya di daerah Kenjeran Surabaya. Dengan adanya kegiatan judi merpati tersebut tentu secara tidak langsung merugikan sanak saudara mereka, terutama dirinya sendiri jika melakukan hal tersebut, karena jika sudah mengalami kegagalan akan bertaruh membayar uang sesuai yang sudah diperjanjikan. Dimana hal tersebut sama sekali tidak menguntungkan, melainkan rasa candu atau keinginan lebih untuk berharap menang dan menghasilkan secara cepat. Judi merpati merupakan judi dengan sarana burung yang dilombakan untuk mengadu kecepatan terbang merpati hingga sampai di garis finish yang telah dipersiapkan dan ditentukan oleh panitia “adu doro” (adu merpati). Di Surabaya, khususnya daerah Kenjeran, kegiatan “adu doro” masih sering terlihat eksistensinya. Walaupun Surabaya termasuk kota besar, akan tetapi kegiatan “adu merpati” hanya dilakukan pada waktu tertentu yaitu hari Minggu atau hari libur. Burung merpati sebelum mengikuti lomba harus dilatih terlebih dahulu, latihannya dilakukan setiap sore hari agar merpati nya bisa lebih peka daya jelajahnya.
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Martinotti, G., C. Villella, M. Di Nicola, F. Fanella, G. Conte, and L. Janiri. "Behavioural dependences in adolescents and young adults: results from an observational study." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71791-6.
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IntroductionOur study aims to assess the prevalence of behavioural addictions in an adolescent populations, evaluating the effects of gender and age, and to assess the correlations and associations between different behavioural addictions.MethodsA population of 2853 students (1142 F and 1711 M, mean age 16.7± 1.9) was assessed in order to evaluate the prevalence of behavioural dependences such as Pathological Gambling (PG), Compulsive Buying (CB), Exercise Addiction (EA), Internet Addiction (IA), and Work Addiction (WA). The South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised Adolescent, the Compulsive Buying Scale, the Exercise Addiction Inventory, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Work Addiction Risk Test, were compiled anonymously by the students.ResultsOverall prevalence was 7.0% for PG, 11.3% for CB, 1.2% for IA, 7.6% for WA, 8.5% for EA. PG, and EA were more common among boys, while gender had no effect on the other conditions. CB was more common among younger ( < 18 years old) students. Each of these conditions showed a strong association with others, and the scores of all of these scales were correlated.DiscussionIn line with previous studies our results indicate that behavioural addictions are quite common among adolescents. The strong association between behavioural addictions stresses the concept that treatment for one of these conditions should involve assessment and treatment for the others.
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Ferentzy, Peter, Sherald Sanchez, and Nigel E. Turner. "Technology and mutual aid for problem gambling: the past and the future." Journal of Concurrent Disorders 1, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54127/usqz5590.
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This paper offers a cursory account of the use of technology and online services by 12-Step peer support groups with a particular focus on support services for problem gamblers. We examine the history of peer support groups and examine the extent to which they have embraced newer technologies. Gamblers Anonymous (GA) has little direct involvement in on-line support. However, GA members operating independently of GA have provided some pioneering peer support. In this paper, we gathered information about GA’s presence online through a cursory literature review, examination of websites, and three semistructured interviews with key informants: two longstanding GA members and one non-member who is nonetheless very active in employing up to date technology to coordinate recovery options for problem gamblers. The benefits of online peer support for problem gamblers is discussed. Accessibility is one example, as some could be available 24 hours a day each day of the week. Another advantage is that many young adults and adolescents favor online options. This also applies to online gamblers. The Internet options we have uncovered are run mostly by GA members, typically without official GA sanction.
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Veerman, Philip. "The Ageing of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child." International Journal of Children's Rights 18, no. 4 (2010): 585–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x522360.
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AbstractIt is argued in this article that the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is no longer up to date. Compared with the new situation of children using the internet, cell phones, sending text messages, downloading videos, gaming and gambling on line, the CRC looks like an archaic document, the author found. Adolescents consume enormous amounts of alcohol and some have to be treated for addiction, but the term alcohol can't be found in the CRC. The CRC does not include the right to treatment for drug addiction. Article 33 (protection from illicit drugs) is much too weak for children and adolescents of the 21st Century, it is argued. Furthermore it was observed that globalisation and HIV/AIDS are not specifically addressed by the CRC. The author presents some proposals, one of them being a Review Conference of the States Parties to the CRC.
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Sekścińska, Katarzyna, Joanna Rudzinska-Wojciechowska, and Diana Jaworska. "The effect of state and trait power on financial risk-taking: The mediating and moderating roles of optimism." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): e0276878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276878.
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The research aimed to further develop knowledge on the mechanisms that enhance risk-taking propensities among powerful people. Three studies (N1 = 328, N2 = 388, N3 = 267) investigated the role of optimism in the relationship between sense of power and financial risk-taking, controlling for the state of power. Study 1, correlational, analyzed whether the relationship between sense of power and risky financial choices is serially mediated by general optimism and financial risk perception. The results confirmed the initial hypotheses. The second, experimental, study investigated the role of states of power and lack of power in explaining people’s financial decisions as well as their influence on people’s situational optimism and perception of risk. The results indicated that people in a state of power differed from people lacking power in terms of their situational optimism and the riskiness of their financial choices; however, they did not differ in terms of risk perception. People having power were more optimistic, invested more, and made riskier gambling choices than those in control conditions and those who lacked power. The third, experimental, study investigated the single and joint moderating effects of the states of optimism and power in explaining the positive relationship between sense of power and risky investing and gambling choices. In line with our expectations, the results of the study showed that the states of power and optimism jointly moderated the positive relationship between the sense of power and risky financial choices. This effect was the strongest under the state of power and optimism conditions and the weakest when lack of power and pessimism were induced; thus boundary conditions for previously observed mechanisms were identified. The results of the research shed light on the way optimism mediates and moderates the effect of power on financial risk-taking and thus contributes to theoretical knowledge of the consequences of power.
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Sathappan, Malini a/p, Dr Zoharah Omar, Prof Aminah Ahmad, Prof Azimi Hamzah, and Associate Prof Ismi Arif. "Exploring Types of Deviant Workplace behavior in a Public Organization in Malaysia." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 2146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v10i3.4685.
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Deviant workplace behavior among employees is becoming a universal issue at various organizations, not excluding enforcement agencies. Deviant behavior need to be studied by scholars to prevent detrimental effects such as jobdissatisfaction, intention to quit, stress, decreased productivity, loss of work time, high turnover rate and financial costs among employees. The purpose of this paper is to explore the types of deviant workplace behavior in the government sector in Malaysia. Data collection for the research was carried out by interviewing 14 law enforcement officers in Malaysia. This study involves various departments. The study found that there are various types of misconduct existing at the organization e.g. bribery, uninformed polygamy, drugs, on-line gambling, absenteeism, and lateness. This study also provided a framework on types of misconduct to the enforcement agency.Â
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Philemon,, John R., and Dev Jani. "RESEARCH NOTE: Tour Guides’ Perception for Sustainable Tourism." Tanzania Journal of Development Studies 19, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279//gkfw6661.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate tour guides’ perception of tourism sustainability using triple bottom line dimensions of economic, environmental, and socio-cultural aspects as informed by Social Exchange Theory. A structured questionnaire was self-administered to tour guides around Mikumi National Park in Tanzania. Descriptive and mean comparison tests were performed with results indicating that tour guides perceive tourism to have positive economic and environmental impacts. However, surveyed tour guides thought that tourism in the area stimulated prevalence of bad behaviours like prostitution, alcoholism, and gambling. Furthermore, the results indicate that tour guides perceive tourism to increase imbalance and inequality in economic benefits. The results complement previous studies by capturing tour guides’ views as well as testing the Social Exchange Theory. Furthermore, the results offer insights to destination managers and policy makers on possible interventions in furthering holistic and sustainable destination management. Keywords: Tourism, Culture, Tour Guides, Tanzania, Perception, Impacts
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Razali, Mastura, Nurul’Ain Mohd, Nurhanisah Hadigunawan, and Rafeah Saidon. "Maqasid Shariah HIFZ MAL in E-Wallet Application." Islamiyyat 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2021-4301-10.
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E-wallet is one of the most popular medium for digital transactions in Malaysia. With the wide variety of services provided by e-wallet companies, users find it convenient, faster and more efficient to do transactions. The application of e-wallet can be evaluated through the scope of hifz mal (preservation of property) of maqasid shariah so that it is always in compliance with shariah. The objective of this study is to discuss the application of hifz mal in e-wallet. The research methodology used is qualitative based on content analysis technique to obtain data. This study reviewed comprehensive articles and books relating to e-wallet, and views of Islamic scholars on the concept of hifz mal. In addition to the Central Bank of Malaysia (BNM), references were made to websites to obtain information on electronic money guidelines. Research findings show that using e-wallet as a medium for electronic transactions to purchase products or services is in line with the concept of hifz mal. Using money stored in e-wallet as medium of exchange in digital transactions is gaining wide public acceptance and does not involve elements of riba, gharar, gambling, and exploitation. In addition, e-wallet provides high security features and multiple maslahah that can facilitate people’s lives, which are in line with the principle of preserving property in maqasid shariah.
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O'Connor, Philip, and Feng Zhou. "THE TRADESPORTS NFL PREDICTION MARKET: AN ANALYSIS OF MARKET EFFICIENCY, TRANSACTION COSTS, AND BETTOR PREFERENCES." Journal of Prediction Markets 2, no. 1 (December 14, 2012): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v2i1.435.
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We investigated 1,587 Tradesports point spread contracts for NFL games during the 2005/06 season. Differing point spreads create differing odds, meaning we could test for the traditional favorite long shot bias in NFL betting. We found that there was no favorite long shot bias. However, the market underestimated the chances of the favored team winning by about 10% across all odds categories, and this bias persisted throughout the season. We found relatively low transaction costs. For a price-taker, the Tradesports “Vegas-line” point spread had a 2.2% total takeout including exchange fees, about half of the 4.55% takeout of traditional legal bookmakers. Contracts with a price around 50, creating even money returns to bets on both teams, and higher volume contracts, had lower transaction costs. Participants were found to prefer the Las Vegas line point spread contract followed by the straight-up contract. Trading volume during the game (in-running) was about twice the trading volume leading up to the game. Teams with better season records and from cities with larger populations generated a higher volume of trades. Sunday night and Monday night games generated about four times more volume than regular Sunday games.Helpful comments were provided by Adi Schnytzer and participants of the 2007 University of California-Riverside Growth of Gambling and Prediction Markets Conference, and an excellent anonymous referee. We thank Jared Hunt for computer assistance.
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Priolo, Giulia, Marco D’Alessandro, Andrea Bizzego, and Nicolao Bonini. "Normatively Irrelevant Affective Cues Affect Risk-Taking under Uncertainty: Insights from the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Skin Conductance Response, and Heart Rate Variability." Brain Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 6, 2021): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11030336.
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Being able to distinguish between safe and risky options is paramount in making functional choices. However, deliberate manipulation of decision-makers emotions can lead to risky behaviors. This study aims at understanding how affective reactions driven by normatively irrelevant affective cues can interfere with risk-taking. Good and Bad decks of the Iowa Gambling Task have been manipulated to make them unpleasant through a negative auditory manipulation. Anticipatory skin conductance response (SCR) and heart rate variability (HRV) have been investigated in line with the somatic marker hypothesis. Results showed fewer selections from Good decks when they were negatively manipulated (i.e., Incongruent condition). No effect of the manipulation was detected when Bad decks were negatively manipulated (i.e., Congruent condition). Higher anticipatory SCR was associated with Bad decks in Congruent condition. Slower heart rate was found before selections from Good decks in Control and Congruent condition and from Bad decks in Incongruent condition. Differences in heart rate between Bad and Good decks were also detected in Congruent condition. Results shed light on how normatively irrelevant affective cues can interfere with risk-taking.
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Kazlauskienė, Asta. "Industry Specifics and Consumers’ Reactions to Business Crises." Economics and Business 32, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eb-2018-0001.
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Abstract Different scientific studies provide many valuable recommendations how to manage crises in order to lessen their negative effect on relations with consumers. But the question whether the same business crises management rules can be applied for different industries, or they must be adapted depending on industries specifics, has not received sufficient scientific attention. Knowledge gaps about industry specific effect on consumer reactions to business crises remain. This study focuses on understanding the differences in consumers’ reactions in business crises situations with regard to controversial evaluation in the society of “the sin industries” (alcohol, tobacco, gambling, etc.) and ordinary industries (not having controversial associations). Experimental research design, including online experiment with tobacco, beer and functional soft drinks consumers (in total 306 respondents), was chosen for competing research hypotheses testing. Empirical evidence was in line with theoretical argumentation about less negative consumers’ reactions during business crises in case of “sin industries” versus ordinary industry. This study shows that consumers attitudes, such as perception of company’s product quality, trust, social responsibility and behavioural intentions, such as intention to buy and recommend company’s products, are less negative during business crises in lower reputation “sin industries” than in ordinary industries.
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M., Rohith, and Shailaja S. Patil. "Prevalence of internet addiction amongst the IT professionals of Bangalore city and its effect on their lifestyle and dietary habits." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 6 (May 22, 2017): 2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172189.
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Background: Internet is being widely used all around the world, had both positive and negative influence in human life. The number of users is increasing day by day. Recent reports indicated that some on-line users, particularly IT Professionals, were becoming addicted to the Internet in much the same way that others became addicted to drugs, alcohol, or gambling, which resulted in; reduced work performance, and even marital discord and separation. The objectives of the study were the pattern of Internet addiction on young’s internet addiction diagnostic questionnaire and the effects of Internet addiction on the lifestyle and dietary behaviour. Methods: Cross-sectional online survey was conducted amongst the IT Professionals of 4 different companies. Data was collected on a pre-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 1. Socio-demographic information, 2.Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) 3. Dietary pattern. The questionnaire was sent to 400 people through e-mail, out of which 353 subjects mailed back the questionnaire with complete response. Results: Majority of the participants were in the age group of 30 to 34, males and were educated up to post-graduate level. When the scores were tabulated on Young’s Internet Addiction Scale, 30.8% of the subjects were found to be mildly addicted to internet, where as 48.4% and 20.8% were moderately and severely addicted. Conclusions: People who are high in internet addiction are more likely to vulnerability to depression, anxiety, and stress. Psychological approach is essential to tackle this problem.
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Doktoralina, Caturida Meiwanto, and Fikki Mutarotun Nisha. "Mudharabah Deposits Among Conventional Bank Interest Rates, Profit-Sharing Rates, Liquidity and Inflation Rates." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n1p25.
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This paper aims to examine the effect of conventional bank interest rates (CBIR), profit-sharing rates (PS), the level of liquidity proxied in the finance-to-deposit ratio (FDR) and the inflation rate (IR) against mudharabah deposits (MDs). The sample comes from eight Islamic public banks registered in the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) for the period from 2013 to 2017. The research uses a data panel regression analysis using EViews 8 to test the significance of tribal-level influence on conventional bank interest, profit-sharing growth rate, liquidity level and inflation rate. The results provide evidence that conventional interest rates do not affect MDs; the profit-sharing rate has a significant positive effect on MDs; the FDR has a positive effect on MDs, and the IR does not affect MDs. The results can increase our understanding of the variables that affect the volume of MDs. The results of this research have practical implications for people who will invest, giving them a better basis for making deposit and investment decisions by looking at interest rates and profit-sharing systems that are in line with Islamic investment principles that apply no uncertainty (Garar), interest (Riba) and gambling (Maisir) investments to cover all aspects of life (way of life).
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Vasile, D., O. Vasiliu, D. G. Vasiliu, and F. Vasile. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Internet Addiction – A Case Series." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1496.
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Internet use increased significantly in the last decade through the development of portable technologies, like laptops, smart-phones, tablets etc. Time spent on Internet could became a problem for many users, some of them reporting a sense of control loss, as they begin to stay more on-line than they initially wanted. Gaming, shopping, gambling, social networking, visiting pornographic sites, e-mailing, all these activities could transform an apparently inoffensive mean of communication into the trigger of a behavioral addiction. We applied individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in three cases of Internet addiction, with cognitive re-structuring based on a diary of dysfunctional thoughts, relaxation techniques, and coping skills training, with good results. CBT was structured in bi-weekly sessions, of 30 minutes duration, for 6 weeks. Time spent on-line and daily functioning were the main variables monitored. A very important issue is to address all potential factors that could maintain the disorder, like social skills deficits, personality disorders, other co-morbid addictions, anxiety or depressive symptoms etc. Elements of motivational interview could be helpful especially at first visit, but also during therapy, when danger of relapse surfaces. Cue exposure with prevention of response is another technique that had proven itself useful in several sessions, when automatic thoughts challenge appeared to have reached a dead point. An informant like a close relative of the patient should be involved in the therapy whenever possible, due to the fact that Internet addiction therapy, like any other addiction therapy, need a third party to offer feed-back regarding patient's changes under treatment.Disclosure of interestThe presenting author was speaker for Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSC Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Organon, Pfizer, Servier, Sanofi Aventis and participated in clinical research funded by Janssen Cilag, Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Sanofi Aventis, Schering Plough, Organon, Bioline Rx, Forenap, Wyeth, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Dainippon Sumitomo, Servier.
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Gottlieb, Paul D., Jennifer R. Weinert, Elizabeth Dobis, and Karyn Malinowski. "The Evolution of Racehorse Clusters in the United States: Geographic Analysis and Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020494.
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Sustainability is frequently defined as the need to place equal emphasis on three societal goals: economic prosperity, environment, and social equity. This “triple bottom line” (TBL) framework is embraced by practitioners in both corporate and government settings. Within agriculture, the horse-racing industry and its breeding component are an interesting case study for the TBL approach to local development. The sector is to some extent a “knowledge industry”, agglomerating in relatively few regions worldwide. In the USA, choices made by breeders or owners are likely affected by sudden changes in specific state policies, especially those related to gambling. Both of these unusual conditions—for agriculture at least—have been playing out against a background of national decline in the number of registered racehorse breeding stock. This study traces changes, between 1995 and 2017, in the geographic distribution of registered Thoroughbred and Standardbred stallions. We find that isolated, scattered registered stallions have largely disappeared, strengthening one or more core states (or counties) that had an initially high percentage of stallions. The gainers and losers among previously core regions appear to be heavily influenced by state-level policies. It follows that such policies can influence the conservation of agricultural landscapes as well as racing revenues.
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Münnich, Sascha. "Thieves, Fools, Fraudsters, and Gamblers? The Ambivalence of Moral Criticism in the Credit Crunch of 2008." European Journal of Sociology 56, no. 1 (April 2015): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975615000053.
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AbstractThis article examines public debates on the legitimacy of banking profits in the 2008 credit crunch. A content analysis of 957 newspaper articles published in Germany and the UK in the early weeks after the Lehman Brothers collapse examines critical statements directed at illegitimate forms of financial profit in order to identify the cultural legitimacy of financial capitalism. The conceptual framework provided by the French sociology of justification points to the role of shared orders of value as a normative reference for public discourses. In both national debates, four important boundaries for legitimate profits were drawn that concerned the problems of ownership, risk-management capacities of traders, fraudulent client relations, and speculative gambling. The meaning of this classical moral criticism of banks was transformed in the context of the 2008 crisis: a line between “normal” and “excessive” financial profits was drawn, defining an area of legitimate profit-seeking that hewed to the basic assumptions of the market model. Economic theory was used as a scheme of public economic morality. The seemingly harsh critical debate effectively reproduced a legitimate image of a functioning financial market, deflecting public attention away from the structural ambivalences of financial profit-seeking and granting legitimacy to the institutional status quo of financial capitalism.
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A. Aliyev, Nadir, and Zafar N Aliyev. "Treatment Tactics for Mobile Phone Addiction." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 12, no. 1 (November 21, 2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/272.
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Objective: According to the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan Republic, there are 4 large mobile operators in the country. There are 108 mobile subscribers per 100 people. In this way Azerbaijan has become one of the most active mobile phone users in the world. Under these conditions, most people are engaged in gambling games, which is in line with the trends taking place in the world. Materials and methods. A total of 50 patients aged 18 to 35 years were examined. All patients were female. Patients were diagnosed according to ICD-11 6C50 gaming disorder - dependence on mobile phones. Patients were examined from January 2021 to July 2022 at the Mental Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Patients received clomipramine (anafranil) 300 mg/day (100 mg 3 times a day) and carbamazepine 600 mg/day (200 mg 3 times a day) orally for 6 months. Results. As the follow-up data (6 months) showed, among 50 patients treated with anafranil and carbamazepine, milestones achieved full remission. Respondent analysis was performed using an alternative statistical method. Conclusion. Clinical data indicate a high efficacy of Anafranil and carbamazepine in the treatment of mobile phone addiction. The mechanisms of action of the drug are discussed.
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Msosa, Steven Kayambazinthu. "The Impact of Corporate Social Investment on Customer Loyalty in the Gaming Industry." Business Ethics and Leadership 6, no. 4 (2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.6(4).38-48.2022.
Full textAbstract:
Sports betting has become a very profitable business of late. For instance, in 2020, it contributed 48% of Africa’s Gross Gaming Revenue (GGR), and the South African Bookmaking business was ranked ninth in the world for web traffic. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that the industry is saturated with many betting companies. Companies that conduct business in the gambling industry in South Africa are obliged to provide a charitable contribution equal to a certain percentage of either their annual revenue or, more specifically, their after-tax net profit to be eligible for a gaming license. Before the company can be granted the license, it is necessary for them to make this contribution first. Under this legislation, operators are evaluated based on a variety of criteria, including ownership, management control, employment equity, skills development, preferential procurement, enterprise development, and socio-economic development. The B-BB-EE Act compels operators to be evaluated in line with these factors. Therefore, this study analyzed the impact of Corporate Social Investment on Customer loyalty in the Gaming Industry. This study adopted a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional approach. A nonprobability sampling technique known as convenience sampling was used to collect data from 150 customers who made sports bets. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the primary data, which included descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as correlation and regression analyses. The study’s findings show that Corporate Social Investment has a positive (= 0.746) and statistically significant (p. value<0.05) impact on customer loyalty. This study has contributed to the literature on Corporate Social Investment and customer loyalty in the Gaming industry, with specific reference to a developing country, South Africa. The recommendations provided as a result of the conducted research can be useful for managers of bookmaking companies to ensure the long-lasting impact of various initiatives in the field of corporate social investment on society, thereby creating goodwill that, in the long-run, contributes to customer loyalty.
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Msosa, Steven Kayambazinthu. "The Impact of Corporate Social Investment on Customer Loyalty in the Gaming Industry." Business Ethics and Leadership 6, no. 4 (2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/10.21272/bel.6(4).38-48.2022.
Full textAbstract:
Sports betting has become a very profitable business of late. For instance, in 2020, it contributed 48% of Africa’s Gross Gaming Revenue (GGR), and the South African Bookmaking business was ranked ninth in the world for web traffic. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that the industry is saturated with many betting companies. Companies that conduct business in the gambling industry in South Africa are obliged to provide a charitable contribution equal to a certain percentage of either their annual revenue or, more specifically, their after-tax net profit to be eligible for a gaming license. Before the company can be granted the license, it is necessary for them to make this contribution first. Under this legislation, operators are evaluated based on a variety of criteria, including ownership, management control, employment equity, skills development, preferential procurement, enterprise development, and socio-economic development. The B-BB-EE Act compels operators to be evaluated in line with these factors. Therefore, this study analyzed the impact of Corporate Social Investment on Customer loyalty in the Gaming Industry. This study adopted a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional approach. A nonprobability sampling technique known as convenience sampling was used to collect data from 150 customers who made sports bets. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the primary data, which included descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as correlation and regression analyses. The study’s findings show that Corporate Social Investment has a positive (= 0.746) and statistically significant (p. value<0.05) impact on customer loyalty. This study has contributed to the literature on Corporate Social Investment and customer loyalty in the Gaming industry, with specific reference to a developing country, South Africa. The recommendations provided as a result of the conducted research can be useful for managers of bookmaking companies to ensure the long-lasting impact of various initiatives in the field of corporate social investment on society, thereby creating goodwill that, in the long-run, contributes to customer loyalty.
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Abdullah, Md Faruk, and Asmak Ab Rahman. "Is Wa’dan any different to Muwa’adah? Empirical evidence from Malaysia." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 8, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 310–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-11-2014-0113.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The study aims to consider wa’dan-based products in Islamic banks in Malaysia and discuss the validity of wa’dan in those products from the perspective of Shari’ah. Design/methodology/approach – Case studies were conducted of three Islamic banks in Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with bankers as well as Shari’ah scholars. The document analysis method was adopted to strengthen the findings. Findings – The study shows that three Islamic banking products: Musyarakah Mutanaqisah (MM) home and property financing; Al-Ijarah Thumma Al-Bai’ (AITAB) vehicle financing; and Ijarah rental swap (IRS) use wa’dan in their product structures. After discussing the different views of the scholars, the study concludes that wa’dan should be allowed in the above-mentioned products because it is different from muwa’adah. In wa’dan, every single wa’d is separate from each other, as every one of them is related to different types of events. With regard to the issue of Shari’ah in MM home and property financing, it was concluded that wa’d from the customer to purchase the bank’s share is not a capital guarantee. Moreover, IRS is not a form of gambling but is in line with Maqasid al-Shari’ah. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited to three Islamic banks in Malaysia that focus on retail and commercial banking products. Therefore, the study excludes application of wa’dan in sukuk and some other Islamic derivatives that are not the practice of these three banks. Originality/value – This empirical study adds new knowledge by developing the concept and practice of wa’dan. Wa’dan as an innovative tool for product development to overcome Shari’ah issues in conventional banking may be of interest to practitioners all around the world.
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Simand, Gregory, Gregory J. Simand, Evan Hess, Linghai Kong, Nicholas J. Raddatz, Matthew M. Hurley, Brian Maunze, SuJean Choi, Aron M. Geurts, and David A. Baker. "401 Eliminating System xc- Signaling Between Astrocytes and Neurons Selectively Impairs Complex Cognition." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 6, s1 (April 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.229.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We aim to determine whether non-neuronal, non-synaptic glutamate signaling mechanisms can be targeted to produce highly specific, narrow changes in brain function that would benefit CNS disorders. To do this, we investigated cognitive changes produced through manipulating the activity of the astrocytic glutamate release mechanism system xc-. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: System xc- (Sxc) activity was eliminated by mutating the gene Slc7a11 through pronuclear injection of zinc-finger nucleases into Sprague Dawley rat embryos to create a line of rats lacking Sxc (MSxc rats). To confirm a lack of Sxc activity, we verified that tissue from MSxc rats had a complete lack of xCT, which is the regulatory subunit of Sxc that is encoded by Slc7a11. We also verified that astrocyte cultures generated from MSxc tissue lacked cystine-evoked glutamate release. Next, we measured development (body weight), CNS regulation of metabolism, and other indicators of generalized, non-specific brain function as well as behaviors that are reliant on executive function, such as cognitive flexibility, impulse control, decision-making, and response inhibition. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Eliminating Sxc was not lethal and did not impair development or produce widespread changes in brain function as is commonly observed when deleting other glutamate mechanisms. MSxc rats did not differ from wildtype in growth rate, central regulation of metabolism as reflected by absolute or diurnal changes in core body temperature, locomotor activity in a familiar or novel environment, or simple forms of cognition such as novel object recognition, or operant responding (food and cocaine-reinforced). In contrast, behaviors that rely on executive function were impaired. MSxc rats displayed deficits in cocaine reinstatement and attentional set-shifting. We anticipate MSxc rats to also show impairments in decision-making in the rat gambling task and response inhibition in the stop-signal reaction time task. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Eliminating Sxc activity in rats produced deficits in behaviors reliant on executive function without impacting development or simple brain function. These results highlight the potential of targeting Sxc to enhance cognition without generating therapeutically limiting adverse effects resulting from non-specific changes in brain function.