Journal articles on the topic 'On-demand urban delivery'
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1
Aguilera, Anne, Laetitia Dablanc, and Alain Rallet. "Digital Work and Urban Delivery: Profile, Activity and Mobility Practices of On-Demand Food Delivery Couriers in Paris (France)." Information 13, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13090433.
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Platform-based on-demand delivery services are rapidly developing in urban areas, especially in the food sector, raising new issues for urban planners, especially in the field of transport. Based on a survey of over 100 couriers conducted in 2018 in the municipality of Paris (France), this work aims at analyzing the profile, delivery activity and mobility practices of the couriers working for these platforms. The main objective is to show how mobility practices are shaped by the characteristics of digital work in the urban delivery sector, and to highlight new challenges for urban authorities and research. Compared to other studies, our work is based on quantitative data and distinguishes three categories of couriers, depending on whether they have another activity: students, people with another paid job, and people with no other paid or non-paid activity. Findings show that these three categories have different characteristics, regarding age, education, residential location, the intensity of delivery activity and the characteristics of mobility practices, especially regarding the transport modes used. The article ends with the discussion of a number of new challenges for both urban authorities and researchers regarding the sustainability of these new forms of digital work in urban delivery.
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Huang, Yixiao, Lei Zhao, Warren B. Powell, Yue Tong, and Ilya O. Ryzhov. "Optimal Learning for Urban Delivery Fleet Allocation." Transportation Science 53, no. 3 (May 2019): 623–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0861.
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In a two-tiered city logistics system, an urban logistics company usually partitions the urban area into regions and allocates its delivery fleet (e.g., vehicles, couriers) to these regions. On a daily basis, the delivery station in each region receives the delivery packages from the city distribution centers and delivers them to customers within the region, using its allocated delivery vehicles. A tactical decision in such a city logistics system is the allocation of its delivery fleet to the regions to minimize the expected operational cost of the entire system. However, because of the complexity of the urban delivery operations and the day-to-day variance of the customer demand, an accurate evaluation of the expected operational cost associated with an allocation decision can be very expensive. We propose a learning policy that adaptively selects the fleet allocation to learn the underlying expected operational cost function by incorporating the value of information. Specifically, we exploit the monotonicity of the expected operational cost in the number of allocated delivery vehicles in a region and extend the idea of knowledge gradient with discrete priors with resampling and regeneration (KGDP-R&R). Our numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of KGDP-R&R against other learning policies as well as its managerial implications compared with heuristics in practice. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0861 .
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Jaoua, Amel, Marouen Ben Ammar, and Anjali Awasthi. "A Decision Support System for On-Demand Goods Delivery Using Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 11, no. 2 (April 2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.2019040105.
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This article presents a strategic decision support system (DSS) for on-demand delivery companies in urban areas. This DSS is designed and developed for the promising new concept of goods delivery based on a fleet of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles (SAEVs). A simulation-based optimization model is proposed to solve the fleet sizing and composition problems. The efficiency of the developed strategic DSS in determining best fleet size and composition under different scenarios is demonstrated. This article provides managerial insights to help goods delivery companies, who intend to use SAEVs, in determining the type and number of vehicles to acquire.
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Lebedeva, Ol'ga. "INTEGRATED APPROACH TO MODELING CARGO DELIVERY." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2022, no. 1 (May 16, 2022): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2022-1-175-176.
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The article discusses the models used to optimize freight deliveries based on tours and urban transportation logistics and an approach to integrating them. The study demonstrates a functional model framework that can address the limitations of existing freight demand forecasting models
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Xiong, F., P. S. Gong, Z. Q. Peng, and J. F. Fan. "Optimization of Urban Traffic Distribution Path Under Quick Response Demand." Open House International 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2018-b0022.
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Under the background of the rapid development of e-commerce and information network, the demand for urban distribution is also changing; especially customers' demand for fast delivery of products is increasing. Based on this, the optimization of urban traffic distribution path was studied under the fast response demand. In this paper, the importance and theoretical basis of the design of urban traffic planning under rapid response demand were expounded; then, the urban traffic distribution path planning was designed, and the layout principle of urban traffic roads, the division of road levels and the planning and design of motor vehicle roads were analyzed; through the planning project of the traffic distribution path in a city, analysis of the planning on roadways, three-dimensional traffic paths was achieved.
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Timko, Peter, and Rianne van Melik. "Being a Deliveroo Rider: Practices of Platform Labor in Nijmegen and Berlin." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 50, no. 4 (March 10, 2021): 497–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241621994670.
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On-demand delivery platforms have become a common feature of urban economies across the globe. Noted for their hyper-outsourced, “lean” business models and reliance on independent contractors, these companies evade traditional employer obligations while still controlling workers through complex algorithmic management techniques. Using food delivery platform Deliveroo as a case-study, this paper investigates the diverse array of practices that on-demand workers carry out in order to enact this new platform labor arrangement in different spatial contexts. One of us conducted an auto-ethnographic project, working as a Deliveroo Rider in Nijmegen and Berlin for a period of nine months. Additionally, we interviewed 13 fellow platform workers. The findings reveal the motley, contingent, and conditional ways in which on-demand labor comes together on the ground. The paper concludes with discussing the uneven distribution of these practices across locations and social groups, and the sometimes contradictory impacts they have on the structure of platform labor.
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Rossolov, A., O. Lobashov, and A. Botsman. "LOCAL DEPOT-BASED URBAN SUPPLY CHAIN FOR LIVEABLE CITIES." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 159 (November 27, 2020): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-6-159-153-160.
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The paper presents the theoretical and experimental study results on construction sustainable urban supply chain, namely last mile delivery. Within the theoretical part we proposed to estimate the necessary number of local depots within the supply chain taking into account the direct and indirect impacts from a delivery system functioning. The indirect effect is presented with CO2 emissions. The conducted experiment has covered the pes-simistic and optimistic scenarios for delivery system states. Within the experiment along with demand attributes we assessed the range of vehicle carrying capacity from 0.5 to 2 tons. The obtained experimental results revealed the shift in necessary local depots number to guarantee the sustainable effect for delivery system and promote liveable state for the urban area.
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Anbaroglu, B., B. Heydecker, and T. Cheng. "HOW TRAVEL DEMAND AFFECTS DETECTION OF NON-RECURRENT TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON URBAN ROAD NETWORKS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 7, 2016): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-159-2016.
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Occurrence of non-recurrent traffic congestion hinders the economic activity of a city, as travellers could miss appointments or be late for work or important meetings. Similarly, for shippers, unexpected delays may disrupt just-in-time delivery and manufacturing processes, which could lose them payment. Consequently, research on non-recurrent congestion detection on urban road networks has recently gained attention. By analysing large amounts of traffic data collected on a daily basis, traffic operation centres can improve their methods to detect non-recurrent congestion rapidly and then revise their existing plans to mitigate its effects. Space-time clusters of high link journey time estimates correspond to non-recurrent congestion events. Existing research, however, has not considered the effect of travel demand on the effectiveness of non-recurrent congestion detection methods. Therefore, this paper investigates how travel demand affects detection of non-recurrent traffic congestion detection on urban road networks. Travel demand has been classified into three categories as low, normal and high. The experiments are carried out on London’s urban road network, and the results demonstrate the necessity to adjust the relative importance of the component evaluation criteria depending on the travel demand level.
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Anbaroglu, B., B. Heydecker, and T. Cheng. "HOW TRAVEL DEMAND AFFECTS DETECTION OF NON-RECURRENT TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON URBAN ROAD NETWORKS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 7, 2016): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b2-159-2016.
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Occurrence of non-recurrent traffic congestion hinders the economic activity of a city, as travellers could miss appointments or be late for work or important meetings. Similarly, for shippers, unexpected delays may disrupt just-in-time delivery and manufacturing processes, which could lose them payment. Consequently, research on non-recurrent congestion detection on urban road networks has recently gained attention. By analysing large amounts of traffic data collected on a daily basis, traffic operation centres can improve their methods to detect non-recurrent congestion rapidly and then revise their existing plans to mitigate its effects. Space-time clusters of high link journey time estimates correspond to non-recurrent congestion events. Existing research, however, has not considered the effect of travel demand on the effectiveness of non-recurrent congestion detection methods. Therefore, this paper investigates how travel demand affects detection of non-recurrent traffic congestion detection on urban road networks. Travel demand has been classified into three categories as low, normal and high. The experiments are carried out on London’s urban road network, and the results demonstrate the necessity to adjust the relative importance of the component evaluation criteria depending on the travel demand level.
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Dalla Chiara, Giacomo, André Romano Alho, Cheng Cheng, Moshe Ben-Akiva, and Lynette Cheah. "Exploring Benefits of Cargo-Cycles versus Trucks for Urban Parcel Delivery under Different Demand Scenarios." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 5 (May 2020): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120917162.
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Urban deliveries are traditionally carried out with vans or trucks. These vehicles tend to face parking difficulties in dense urban areas, leading to traffic congestion. Smaller and nimbler vehicles by design, such as cargo-cycles, struggle to compete in distance range and carrying capacity. However, a system of cargo-cycles complemented with strategically located cargo-storing hubs can overcome some limitations of the cargo-cycles. Past research provides a limited perspective on how demand characteristics and parking conditions in urban areas are related to potential benefits of this system. To fill this gap, we propose a model to simulate the performance of different operational scenarios—a truck-only scenario and a cargo-cycle with mobile hubs scenario—under different delivery demand and parking conditions. We apply the model to a case study using data synthesized from observed freight-carrier demand in Singapore. The exploration of alternative demand scenarios informs how demand characteristics influence the viability of the solution. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis clarifies the contributing factors to the demonstrated results. The combination of cargo-cycles and hubs can achieve progressive reductions in kilometers-traveled and hours-traveled up to around densities of 150 deliveries/km2, beyond which savings taper off. Whereas the reduction in kilometers-traveled is influenced by the the carrying capacity of the cargo-cycle, the reduction in hours-traveled is related to to the cargo-cycle ability to effectively decrease the parking dwell time by reducing, for instance, the time spent searching for parking and the time spent walking to a delivery destination.
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Memon, Junaid Alam. "Public Demand for Improved Urban Water Supply Services in Multan." IBT Journal of Business Studies 16, no. 1 (2020): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2020.16.01.12.
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Governments in developing countries face financial constraints to ensure supply of clean drinking water. They may benefit from increasing water charges for those who are be willing to pay little extra in lieu of their demand for improvement in water quality and service. To check the plausibility of this proposal, we investigated drinking water supply and quality, and welloff consumers demand for improved service delivery in Shah-Rukun-e-alam and Mumtazabad towns in Multan city of Pakistan. Qualitative data obtained through a questionnaire survey was analyzed using descriptive and regression techniques. Qualitative information obtained through semi structured interviews was helpful in designing survey questionnaire and to elaborate quantitative results. Results reveal that the respondents accord high importance to the provision of safe drinking water than to other daily household needs. The demand for improvement in water supply parameters exceeds the demand for improvements in water quality parameters, with the reliable supply being the most demanded improvement. Majority realize the government’s budget constraints in improving service delivery. Most respondents would pay PKR 100 in addition to what they are paying now. Their willingness to pay (WTP) this amount correlates with their awareness on water and health nexus, and depends household income, number of children under 14 years age and awareness of actual water quality tested through laboratory. Besides recommending raise of water charges by PKR 100 per month per household in both towns, the service quality improvement may consider interventions such as mobile water testing laboratory and awareness campaigns motivate citizens to pay for safe drinking water.
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Doole, Malik, Joost Ellerbroek, Victor L. Knoop, and Jacco M. Hoekstra. "Constrained Urban Airspace Design for Large-Scale Drone-Based Delivery Traffic." Aerospace 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8020038.
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Large-scale adoption of drone-based delivery in urban areas promise societal benefits with respect to emissions and on-ground traffic congestion, as well as potential cost savings for drone-based logistic companies. However, for this to materialise, the ability of accommodating high volumes of drone traffic in an urban airspace is one of the biggest challenges. For unconstrained airspace, it has been shown that traffic alignment and segmentation can be used to mitigate conflict probability. The current study investigates the application of these principles to a highly constrained airspace. We propose two urban airspace concepts, applying road-based analogies of two-way and one-way streets by imposing horizontal structure. Both of the airspace concepts employ heading-altitude rules to vertically segment cruising traffic according to their travel direction. These airspace configurations also feature transition altitudes to accommodate turning flights that need to decrease the flight speed in order to make safe turns at intersections. While using fast-time simulation experiments, the performance of these airspace concepts is compared and evaluated for multiple traffic demand densities in terms of safety, stability, and efficiency. The results reveal that an effective way to structure drone traffic in a constrained urban area is to have vertically segmented altitude layers with respect to travel direction as well as horizontal constraints imposed to the flow of traffic. The study also makes recommendations for areas of future research, which are aimed at supporting dynamic traffic demand patterns.
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Karakikes, Ioannis, and Eftihia Nathanail. "Assessing the Impacts of Crowdshipping Using Public Transport: A Case Study in a Middle-Sized Greek City." Future Transportation 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp2010004.
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Crowdsourced deliveries or crowdshipping is identified in recent literature as an emerging urban freight transport solution, aiming at reducing delivery costs, congestion, and environmental impacts. By leveraging the pervasive use of mobile technology, crowdshipping is an emerging solution of the sharing economy in the transport domain, as parcels are delivered by commuters rather than corporations. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impacts of crowdshipping through alternative scenarios that consider various levels of demand and adoption by public transport users who act as crowdshippers, based on a case study example in the city of Volos, Greece. This is achieved through the establishment of a tailored evaluation framework and a city-scale urban freight traffic microsimulation model. Results show that crowdshipping has the potential to mitigate last-mile delivery impacts and effectively contribute to improving the system’s performance.
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Chen, Julie Yujie, and Ping Sun. "Temporal arbitrage, fragmented rush, and opportunistic behaviors: The labor politics of time in the platform economy." New Media & Society 22, no. 9 (September 2020): 1561–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444820913567.
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This article examines how on-demand service workers on digital platforms make and live their time in the case of China’s food delivery industry. Using ethnographic data, the study elucidated multiple facets of couriers’ temporality in their struggle to meet the exacting delivery time imposed by platforms while moving through biased urban spaces as marginalized temporal subjects. It is argued that a new temporal order, referred to as temporal arbitrage in this study, has been normalized in the recent platform economy. It shifts the customer’s cultural expectation to on-demand service at the expense of an increasingly hectic tempo for the workers. We demonstrate the mundane, and sometimes opportunistic, tactics deployed by workers to reconstruct their temporality. The article connects the workers’ temporality to the urban spaces, digital work process, and socioeconomic structures. It fills an important research gap by addressing the under-explored yet essential temporal dimensions in the expanding “just-in-time” labor force.
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Roca-Riu, Mireia, Jin Cao, Igor Dakic, and Monica Menendez. "Designing Dynamic Delivery Parking Spots in Urban Areas to Reduce Traffic Disruptions." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6296720.
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Pick-up and delivery services are essential for businesses in urban areas. However, due to the limited space in city centers, it might be unfeasible to provide sufficient loading/unloading spots. As a result, this type of operations often interferes with traffic by occupying road space (e.g., illegal parking). In this study, a potential solution is investigated: Dynamic Delivery Parking Spots (DDPS). With this concept, based on the time-varying traffic demand, the area allowed for delivery parking changes over time in order to maximize delivery opportunities while reducing traffic disruptions. Using the hydrodynamic theory of traffic flow, we analyze the traffic discharging rate on an urban link with DDPS. In comparison to the situation without delivery parking, the results show that although DDPS occupy some space on a driving lane, it is possible to keep the delay at a local level, that is, without spreading to the network. In this paper, we provide a methodology for the DDPS design, so that the delivery requests can be satisfied while their negative impacts on traffic are reduced. A simulation study is used to validate the model and to estimate delay compared to real situations with illegal parking, showing that DDPS can reduce system’s delay.
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Galati, Antonino, Maria Crescimanno, Demetris Vrontis, and Dario Siggia. "Contribution to the Sustainability Challenges of the Food-Delivery Sector: Finding from the Deliveroo Italy Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 7045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177045.
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The food delivery sector is assuming increasing importance in the distribution of food products and meals as it is becoming an ordinary component of consumption habits. However, the growth of the sector has inevitably affected the demand for freight transport, especially in urban areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the main enabling factors affecting the adoption of sustainable strategies, among which the electro-mobility, in the food delivery sector and what obstacles to dissemination can be seen. Deliveroo s.r.l. was chosen as case study. Results show that Deliveroo undoubtedly represents a good example of sustainable logistics and the dissemination of good practices among the key players of the food delivery sector. However, if on the one hand there is a strong commitment on the part of Deliveroo to find solutions that encourage the use of these means, on the other hand, there is the need for a greater commitment on the part of the institutions to create infrastructure conditions that facilitate the diffusion of these means.
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Kjelgren, Roger, and Larry Rupp. "Water Conservation in the Urban Landscape." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 549E—549. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.549e.
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As populations become increasingly urbanized, landscape water conservation becomes more important. Landscape water consumption can increase municipal water use up to 4-fold during the growing season, and account for half the total yearly water use. Landscape water conservation is important in decreasing peak summer water demand to reduce the strain on delivery systems, and to reduce total demand so that development of new sources can be forestalled. Potential water savings from existing landscapes can be estimated by comparing historical usage gleaned from water meter readings to plant water needs estimated from reference evapotranspiration. Estimating water needs for turf is straightforward because of the few species involved and the uniformity of turf landscapes. Estimating water needs of woody plants is more difficult because of the heterogeneity of woody plants and how they are used, and woody plants respond to evaporative demand differently than turfgrass. Many woody plants will actually use less water as reference evapotranspiration increases due to stomatal closure induced by high leaf-air vapor pressure gradients. Landscape water is then conserved by either applying water more effectively in scheduling when and how long to irrigate based on estimating water use again from reference evapotranspiration, or by replacing areas in turfgrass with plants more-adapted to the existing conditions. Encouraging water conservation by end users is the final and largest challenge. Automated irrigation systems makes wasting water easy, while conserving water takes more effort. Education is the key to successful landscape water conservation.
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Xie, Chaoda, Xifu Wang, and Daisuke Fukuda. "On the Pricing of Urban Rail Transit with Track Sharing Freight Service." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072758.
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Transporting parcels on urban passenger rail transit is gaining growing interest as a response to the increasing demand and cost of urban parcel delivery. To analyze the welfare effects of different fare regimes when allowing parcel services on an urban rail transit, this paper models the optimal service problem where the transit operator chooses the number of trains and the departure intervals. By introducing a reduced form train timetable problem, the passenger train crowding model is extended to incorporate the effect of freight train scheduling. We show that the freight users are better off in the time-varying optimal fare regime, while passengers are worse off, and that the time-varying optimal fare regime calls for more trains than the optimal uniform fare regime. However, the reduction in passenger trains due to the introduction of freight service can eliminate the welfare gain from passenger time-varying fare. If the price elasticity of freight demand is relatively high, implementing road toll can generate welfare loss when rail transit is privately operated.
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Han, Xiaoming, Yingshan Chong, and Qianwen Huangfu. "Shared Bicycle Scheduling Model Based on Price Incentive Mechanism." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (November 29, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3713254.
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In order to realize the rational delivery and effective dispatch of urban public self-vehicles, according to the randomness and time-varying of public bicycle demand, a demand forecast based on random forest and spatiotemporal clustering is proposed, and based on this, the user-based site rebalancing price incentive mechanism is implemented. Combining the demand of public bicycles with time factors, meteorological factors, associated sites, and other variables, using logarithmic optimization to reduce the impact of outliers, establish a random forest regression model. Secondly, based on this, a dynamic price incentive model is constructed to realize the rebalancing of user-based rental vehicles. The validity and feasibility of the dynamic price incentive model are verified by taking the historical data of public bicycle operation in the Bay Area as an example.
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He, Yunzhu. "Pricing of the Bus-Truck Co-Delivery Mode of Last Mile Delivery Considering Social Welfare Maximization." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010376.
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In order to solve the problems of low delivery efficiency and high cost at the end of express delivery, and the impact of express trucks on urban road traffic, the co-delivery mode of trucks and buses is proposed. In this mode, without affecting the normal operation of the bus, it uses the idle resources of the bus to cooperate with the trucks to complete the delivery. The express company pays the bus delivery service fee to the bus operator, so as to improve the revenue of the bus operator. At the same time, the delivery efficiency can be improved, the express delivery cost can be reduced, and the impact of express trucks on urban traffic can be lower. A two-layer optimization model is constructed to solve the bus delivery service pricing and express space-time path selection scheme under the co-delivery mode. An example analysis is carried out through the actual bus routes and express delivery demand in Dalian. The results show that the co-delivery mode can provide consumers with more efficient services, reduce costs for express companies, provide additional revenue for bus operators, and improve social welfare. Unless the timeliness of delivery is extremely considered, the measure of using the co-delivery mode is better than the measure of relaxing restrictions on express delivery vehicles.
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Alves de Araújo, Fernanda, João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis, Marcia Terra da Silva, and Emel Aktas. "A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Model to Evaluate Logistics Service Expectations and Delivery Methods in Last-Mile Delivery in Brazil." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105753.
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Nowadays, postal services and third-party logistics services (3PL) have been pressured by the increasing demand for delivery services. Therefore, they need to improve their last-mile delivery strategies to meet customers’ expectations. This paper aims to investigate how logistics service expectations affect the delivery process in urban areas using a multiple-criteria decision support system based on the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). We developed a decision-making model employing six criteria and five delivery methods indicated in the literature and collected information from 27 experts working in academia and local and multinational third-party logistics providers in Brazil to validate this model. The results indicate that cost (21.4%) and tracking and tracing (19.3%) are the most important two criteria in the decision model, and the best delivery methods are smart lockers (21.8%) followed by small trucks (21.3%). Our results suggest that service expectations regarding last-mile delivery are aligned with extensive use of road transport and the increase in e-commerce sales can raise greenhouse gas emissions and compromise the environment in urban areas.
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Butrina, Polina, Gabriela Del Carmen Girón-Valderrama, José Luis Machado-León, Anne Goodchild, and Pramod C. Ayyalasomayajula. "From the Last Mile to the Last 800 ft." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2609, no. 1 (January 2017): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2609-10.
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Pickup and delivery operations are an essential part of urban goods movements. However, rapid urban growth, increasing demand, and higher customer expectations have amplified the challenges of urban freight movement. In recent years, the industry has emphasized improving last-mile operations with the intent of focusing on what has been described as the last leg of the supply chain. In this paper, it is suggested that solving urban freight challenges requires an even more granular scale than the last mile, that is, the last 800 ft. The necessary operations in the last 800 ft require integration of diverse stakeholders, public and private infrastructure, and a diverse set of infrastructure users with multiple, varied objectives. That complexity has led to a gap in the needs of delivery operations and the characteristics of receiving facilities (i.e., unloading and loading facilities and pickup–drop-off locations). This paper focuses on accessibility for pickup and dropoff operations, taking a closer look at urban goods movement in the last 800 ft from the final customer. The paper presents and analyzes previously documented approaches and measures used to study the challenges at the proposed scale. Finally, it proposes a more holistic approach to address accessibility for urban pickup–delivery operations at the microscale to help develop more comprehensive urban freight transportation planning.
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Niu, X. Y., S. F. Liu, and Q. L. Huang. "End-of-line delivery vehicle routing optimization based on large-scale neighbourhood search algorithms considering customer-consumer delivery location preferences." Advances in Production Engineering & Management 17, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 439–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14743/apem2022.4.447.
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Logistics is an important guarantee for economic and social development. Among the various aspects of logistics, the urban logistics end distribution link, which involves the direct connection between distribution personnel and customers, has a direct impact on customers' sense of experience and satisfaction with logistics services. At present, there are unscientific and unreasonable selection methods for logistics end distribution paths, often based on the subjective experience of distribution personnel, which often results in a mismatch between distribution paths and distribution needs, affecting market demand while further increasing the distribution costs of enterprises. Therefore, based on the characteristics of customer-consumers, this paper considers that consumers can select multiple receiving addresses, and each address has a corresponding time window limit. This paper finds that it needs to spend a lot of costs for the enterprise to improve the service level of distribution, and the enterprise can save the cost from time window, as well as obtain the better distribution time by using alternative addresses through the verification and analysis of an example. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes the urban logistics terminal distribution path optimization path based on large-scale neighbourhood search algorithm, which can promote the further matching between logistics distribution enterprises and customer needs, so as to improve the probability of consumers receiving goods in time as well as reduce the cost of enterprises.
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Liu, Huasheng, Haoran Deng, Yu Li, Yuqi Zhao, and Xiaowen Li. "School Surrounding Region Traffic Commuting Analysis Based on Simulation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 6566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116566.
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Student commuting is an important part of urban travel demand and private car commuting plays an important role in urban traffic, especially in areas near schools. Since parents, especially the parents of elementary and junior high school students, prefer to drive rather than take public transport, there will be a negative effect on traffic management. To address the challenge, a simulation model is established based on schools’ surrounding regions to analyze traffic status. Specifically, the model focuses on urban construction and transportation near the entrance of schools and neighborhoods. In addition, four variable parameters consisting of the directional hourly volume, the parking demand of delivery vehicles, the distance between the school and intersection, and the average parking time for pick-up vehicles are set as influence factors, while traffic efficiency, energy consumption, and pollutant emissions are considered as the evaluation criteria of our model. Extensive simulated experiments show that comparing different scenarios, the traffic state of schools’ surrounding areas can achieve much better performance when the distance between entrances and intersections is 400 m under the 1000 pcu/h condition. This research can provide a scientific basis for school regional traffic management and organization optimization.
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Barnette, Justin, and Jooyoun Park. "Increases in Local Unemployment and the Delivery of Trade Adjustment Assistance Services." Economic Development Quarterly 31, no. 1 (September 20, 2016): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242416664782.
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This study investigates how service delivery of employment-related federal programs administered at American Job Centers (AJCs) changes as local unemployment increases. The authors analyze the impact of such changes on labor market outcomes of program participants using data for the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) participants. The authors find that the demand for TAA services increases substantially when local unemployment increases. A 5% to 10% increase in unemployment raises training enrollment through the TAA program by nearly 13 percentage points and increases participation duration by more than 9 weeks. Our results do not support the concern that a sudden rise in the demand for AJC services might deteriorate the quality of service delivery and outcomes. In fact, although increases in local unemployment are generally harmful to displaced workers, occupational training during this time is effective at reducing the size of wage loss by at least 46%, resulting in a 3.4% average increase for wage replacement rates.
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Brotcorne, Luce, Guido Perboli, Mariangela Rosano, and Qu Wei. "A Managerial Analysis of Urban Parcel Delivery: A Lean Business Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 22, 2019): 3439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123439.
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The improper integration of traditional transportation modes with low emissions vehicles can generate a price war that reduces the service quality, undermining the efficiency and the profitability of parcel delivery operators. This paper aims to provide managerial insights to design a win-win strategy for the co-existence of traditional and green business models. In doing so, we adopt a multi-disciplinary approach that integrates a qualitative analysis through a Lean Business methodology, named GUEST, with a quantitative analysis based on simulation-optimisation techniques. This kind of holistic vision has received little attention in the literature. The first analysis investigates the parcel delivery industry with an emphasis on the main business models involved, their costs and revenues structures, while the quantitative part aims to simulate the system and extract sustainable policies. In particular, results highlight that in deploying mixed-fleet policies, the decision-makers have to focus both on the environmental sustainability that benefits from the adoption of low-emission vehicles, and on the operational feasibility and economic sustainability of the two services. In this direction, the paper suggests some managerial insights concerning the split of the customer demand between traditional and green operators, according to the classes of parcels and geographical areas of the city.
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Cieslik, Wojciech, and Weronika Antczak. "Research of Load Impact on Energy Consumption in an Electric Delivery Vehicle Based on Real Driving Conditions: Guidance for Electrification of Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020775.
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Electromobility is developing rapidly in all areas of transportation, starting with small personal vehicles and passenger cars through public transportation vehicles and ending with noticeable expansion in the area of urban transportation services. So far, however, there is a lack of research determining how the effect of load weight defines the energy intensity of a vehicle under real conditions, especially in the areas of urban, suburban and highway driving. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of a representative delivery vehicle and its energy consumption in two transportation scenarios where cargo weight is a variable. A survey was also conducted to determine the actual demand and requirements placed on the electric vehicle by transportation companies.
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Gauba, Rajiv. "Improving Urban Infrastructure." Indian Journal of Public Administration 63, no. 2 (June 2017): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556117699734.
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The investment needs in basic infrastructure that determine the pace of development of cities are considerably higher than the quantum of flow of funds. The key indicators of the major urban services reveal that there is a failure to achieve even moderate success in service delivery. The components of the traditional approach to financing urban services have been grants and loans from government-owned financial institutions on basis of guarantees. The urban local bodies (ULBs) in India are weak in terms of capacity to raise both resources and financial autonomy. Given the major risks involved, private sector has also largely stayed away from urban infrastructure projects, until very recently. These have resulted in huge gap between the demand and supply of urban basic services. The present government has launched several Missions to promote urban development in the country through strict adherence to reforms to strengthen financial and governance capacities of ULBs and participating in competition at state and city levels to qualify for accessing resources apart from other grants-based missions. In this context, the article discusses the investment requirements, progress of programmatic interventions for urban development in India and their financing mechanism. The article focuses on recently completed Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and the newly launched National Urban Mission programmes.
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Levenson, Zachary. "Precarious welfare states: Urban struggles over housing delivery in post-apartheid South Africa." International Sociology 32, no. 4 (April 4, 2017): 474–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580917701586.
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This article demonstrates how popular struggles over housing distribution lead to the transformation of the welfare state. In post-apartheid South Africa, municipal governments distribute free, formal housing to recipients registered on waiting lists. But as formally rational distribution fails to keep pace with growing demand, residents begin to organize mass land occupations. Municipalities respond to these land struggles by either organizing repression, making clientelistic exceptions, or providing transitional housing in temporary relocation areas (TRAs). The growth of TRAs – a direct response to land occupations – signals the institution of a new form of housing distribution alongside the old: substantively rational delivery. This argument engages recent work on the rise of new welfare states in the global South, demonstrating the limits of viewing social expenditure in narrowly quantitative terms. Instead, drawing on 15 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Cape Town, it interrogates the emergence of qualitatively novel logics of distribution.
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Tanjung, Dion, Seunggyu Byeon, Junhwan Huh, Dong Hyun Kim, and Jong Deok Kim. "Opportunistic and On-Demand Network Coding-Based Solutions for LPWAN Forwarding." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 5792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205792.
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The single-hop star-of-stars topology in low-power and wide-area networks (LPWAN) exhibits reliability and substandard coverage issues, especially in urban areas where line-of-sight (LoS) communication is difficult to achieve. Moreover, LPWAN trade-off the data rate to achieve longer coverage, preventing other end-devices from using the time resource. Locating other gateways is uneconomical as it requires infrastructure, such as the internet and a power connection. In this study, we propose a forwarding scheme with a relay to increase LPWAN coverage and reliability while not degrading the network’s capacity. A relay tends to incur unnecessary forwarding that degrades the network capacity unless proper countermeasure is prepared. Our works, namely opportunistic and on-demand network coding (OODC), minimize unnecessary forwarding and make good use of multiple-receiving relays. Network coding is also applied in the relay for better transmission efficiency and reliability simultaneously. Because network coding occurs header overhead, we perform a header compression technique to counter it. According to our simulation result, our method shows better reliability than fixed path forwarding. In an adaptive data rate settings, the OODC achieves a 92% packet delivery ratio (PDR), whereas a fixed-path forwarding only achieves an 84% PDR.
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Escobar-DeMarco, Jessica, Santhia Ireen, Rowshan Kabir, Gourob Kundu, H. M. Asaduzzaman, Rezwana Jahan, Phuong Nguyen, and Deborah Ash. "Data Use Aids Adaptation and Continuation of Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition (MIYCN) Services in Urban Health Facilities in Bangladesh During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac048.011.
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Abstract Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted health services worldwide. Alive and Thrive (A&T) is testing MIYCN integration into non-governmental organizations’ (NGOs) health services in eight facilities in Dhaka. We aimed to develop a data-driven urban MIYCN intervention pathway adapted to continue delivering nutrition services during COVID-19. Methods A&T used its learnings from previous interventions and formative research to design an urban MIYCN intervention with a social and behavior change strategy set to improve nutrition practices. Mixed monitoring data were used to track the intervention elements capacity building, demand creation, service delivery, and supervision; and COVID-19 situation domains lockdown, restrictions, guidelines, staff turnover, contextual and behavior changes, adaptations, and budget implications. COVID-19 studies as well as external value chain, market, and food security reports were used. Monthly monitoring data were used to identify and validate potential adaptations. Results Intervention adaptations and adoption of government requirements for nutrition services allowed MIYCN services to continue during the pandemic; recurrent users reached seven or more counseling sessions. The intervention incorporated virtual capacity building; MIYCN counseling, supervision, and demand creation for services via mobile phones; and community mobilization via satellite clinics and referrers. The use of monitoring data allowed documenting the intervention pathway with some original intervention components pre-pandemic, and other components delivered after adapting to restrictions during lockdown and after lockdown was lifted. Adaptations were based on national and global requirements and on social and individual behaviors during the pandemic (e.g., fearful mothers not coming to facilities). Conclusions Data use elucidated how to deliver urban MIYCN services and adapt amidst the ongoing pandemic. NGOs providing government-aligned health services can potentially address the urban gap, and advance nutrition services and improved practices during crisis. Documenting an evidence-based intervention pathway visualizing adaptations will guide the endline study to maximize learnings for the MIYCN community in Bangladesh and globally. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through Alive & Thrive FHI Solutions.
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Adnan, M. N. A., A. A. Mustaffa, P. Jeevaragagam, and Azmi Aris. "Utilizing hydraulic modelling and Geographical Information System (GIS) in developing a water distribution network for reclaimed water." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012041.
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Abstract Rapid development has increased water demand, combined with population growth, water scarcity, climate change, and rapid economic growth, are driving factors for water reclaim. This paper reviews previous research on developing a water distribution system for delivering reclaimed water in order to mitigate the industry’s growing water demand. As a result, reclaimable wastewater should be identified in order to establish links between urban and industrial infrastructure planning and water reclamation. Correspondingly, it is tasked with the responsibility of developing low-cost water treatment for industrial water reclamation. Simultaneously, a reliable water distribution network is required to deliver reclaimed water. This can be accomplished through the use of hydraulic modelling and GIS to analyse, manage, and develop the water distribution network in response to a growing supply demand. Hydraulic modelling is used to calculate and analyse the demand for the water supply over a specified time period based on daily water use. Additionally, it computing the appropriate parameter for the pipeline in order to deliver an adequate amount of pressure to the consumer efficiently. The developed hydraulic model was then integrated into GIS to facilitate the network layout and visualization of the water distribution system. Apart from that, in order to fully implement the concept of reclaimed water and its delivery via a water distribution system, several factors must be considered, including public acceptance, economic viability, environmental stewardship, technical operation, and health risk.
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Kazi, A. K., and S. M. Khan. "DyTE: An Effective Routing Protocol for VANET in Urban Scenarios." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 6979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4076.
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A Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a subclass of wireless ad-hoc networks, widely used in on-road vehicles and roadside equipment, having applications in various areas including passenger safety, smart traffic solutions, and connectivity on vehicles The VANET is the backbone of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) that establishes connectivity between vehicles through a wireless medium. When it comes to the communication between high-speed vehicles there is the challenge of dynamic mobility. In order to provide a higher Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and increase the throughput, a new routing protocol called Dynamic Trilateral Enrolment (DyTE) is introduced which chooses a dynamic trilateral zone to find the destination vehicle by allowing only relevant nodes to participate in the communication process using the location coordinates of source and destination nodes. The proposed routing protocol is compared with Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and the results show remarkable improvement in reducing the Network Routing Load (NRL) and increasing the PDR and throughput of the network. DyTE has performed more efficiently in terms of PDR (23% approximately), throughput (26% approximately) and drastically minimized the NRL by a factor of almost 3.
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Zhao, Boshuai, Juliang Zhang, and Wenchao Wei. "Impact of Time Restriction and Logistics Sprawl on Urban Freight and Environment: The Case of Beijing Agricultural Freight." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 4, 2019): 3675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133675.
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Time restriction and logistics sprawl (e.g., relocating logistics facilities), as two popular urban policies, usually affect the urban freight and environmental burden, but their combination might lead to unexpected results. This paper analyzes the impact of time restriction and logistics sprawl on urban freight and local environments based on a Beijing agricultural freight case through traffic simulation. The data is derived through a freight demand forecasting method. Based on the data, this paper constructs four groups of scenarios to represent different policies (or combined policies) and then conducts macro-simulation to obtain the economic and environmental indicators. Results show that (1) time restriction can increase the freight costs and slightly decrease local emissions, while logistics sprawl can increase both costs and emissions; (2) the joint implementation of the two policies are proved to be positive in economic and environmental aspects because it helps freight carriers adopt a new strategy to improve delivery efficiency; (3) urban freight policies are closely related to the freight carriers because different responses from carriers can lead to different policy effects.
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Jobaer, Sayed, Yihong Zhang, Muhammad Ather Iqbal Hussain, and Foysal Ahmed. "UAV-Assisted Hybrid Scheme for Urban Road Safety Based on VANETs." Electronics 9, no. 9 (September 12, 2020): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091499.
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Traffic congestion control is becoming a popular field of research due to the rapid development of the automotive market. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have become the core research technology for numerous application possibilities related to road safety. Road congestions have been a serious issue of all time since the nodes have high mobility and transmission range is limited, resulting in an interruption of communication. One of the significant technical challenges faced in implementing VANET is the design of the routing protocol, providing adequate information and a reliable source for the destination. We proposed a novel mechanism unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol (UAVa) for current-time traffic information accumulation and sharing to the entire traffic network and to control congestions before it happens. The UAV-assisted (UAVa) protocol is dedicated to urban environments, and its primary goal is to enhance the performance of routing protocols based on intersections. We compared the overall performance of existing routing protocols, namely ad hoc on-demand distance vector. The simulations were done by using OpenStreetMap (OSM), Network Simulator (NS-2.35), Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO), and VanetMobiSim. Furthermore, we compared the simulation results with AODV, and it shows that UAV-assisted (UAVa) AODV has significantly enhanced the packet delivery ratio, reduced the end-to-end delay, improved the average and instant throughput, and saved more energy. The results show that the UAVa is more robust and effective and we can conclude that UAVa is more suitable for VANETs.
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Sangeetha A. "Customer Satisfaction of Hindustan Petroleum Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Proudct in Urban Housholds." November 2020 6, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst061116.
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Women usually feels Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an Essential Product and which helps them to reduce the day to day challenges. In the LPG gas market demand for the product and supply are having a vital role in the women’s day to day activity. This study majorly focused on how the Hindustan Petroleum company provides services to the households in the Dindigul town and their customer satisfaction. The Study follows descriptive research design with the help of Semi Structured interview schedule. The study identified that the company provides adequate support to the customers and delay in delivery makes customers feels unhappy.
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Romano Alho, André, Takanori Sakai, Simon Oh, Cheng Cheng, Ravi Seshadri, Wen Han Chong, Yusuke Hara, Julia Caravias, Lynette Cheah, and Moshe Ben-Akiva. "A Simulation-Based Evaluation of a Cargo-Hitching Service for E-Commerce Using Mobility-on-Demand Vehicles." Future Transportation 1, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 639–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp1030034.
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Time-sensitive parcel deliveries—shipments requested for delivery in a day or less—are an increasingly important aspect of urban logistics. It is challenging to deal with these deliveries from a carrier perspective. These require additional planning constraints, preventing the efficient consolidation of deliveries that is possible when demand is well known in advance. Furthermore, such time-sensitive deliveries are requested to a wider spatial scope than retail centers, including homes and offices. Therefore, an increase in such deliveries is considered to exacerbate negative externalities, such as congestion and emissions. One of the solutions is to leverage spare capacity in passenger transport modes. This concept is often denominated as cargo hitching. While there are various system designs, it is crucial that such a solution does not deteriorate the quality of service of passenger trips. This research aims to evaluate the use of mobility-on-demand (MOD) services that perform same-day parcel deliveries. To test the MOD-based solutions, we utilize a high-resolution agent- and activity-based simulation platform of passenger and freight flows. E-commerce demand carrier data collected in Singapore are used to characterize simulated parcel delivery demand. We explore operational scenarios that aim to minimize the adverse effects of fulfilling deliveries with MOD service vehicles on passenger flows. Adverse effects are measured in fulfillment, wait, and travel times. A case study on Singapore indicates that the MOD services have potential to fulfill a considerable amount of parcel deliveries and decrease freight vehicle traffic and total vehicle kilometers travelled without compromising the quality of MOD for passenger travel. Insights into the operational performance of the cargo-hitching service are also provided.
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Talamini, Gianni, Weike Li, and Xin Li. "From brick-and-mortar to location-less restaurant: The spatial fixing of on-demand food delivery platformization." Cities 128 (September 2022): 103820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103820.
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Wei, Qiang, Daguang Sun, Xinyu Gou, and Chunguang Bai. "Sharing Economy for Cost Reduction and Efficiency Increase: The Case of Sharing E-Commerce Logistics." Complexity 2021 (June 23, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5573422.
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In the real business environment, due to unpredictable market demand or high prediction difficulty and low prediction accuracy, there will be inevitably operational loss in the field of e-commerce logistics caused by undersupply or oversupply of express service capabilities. At present, China is deepening the supply-side structural reforms. Confronted with the growing demand for e-commerce logistics express delivery, especially the urgent demand for tackling orders piling up to 1 billion pieces during the recent “Double 11” shopping carnival, it is very important and practical for us to study how to make scientific decisions on the supply side in the field of e-commerce express delivery. Therefore, in this paper, we design a sharing logistics cooperation mechanism considering both the undersupply and oversupply of express delivery service capabilities under stochastic demand. By comparing the earnings data of several listed express companies, we analyze four types of optimization strategies: the order flow proportion revenue sharing strategy (RE-OFP), the combined factors revenue sharing strategy (RE-RSF), the order flow proportion risk sharing strategy (RS-OFP), and the combined factors risk sharing strategy (RS-RSF). The research results demonstrate that the four optimization strategies of RE-OFP, RE-RSF, RS-OFP, and RS-RSF could achieve Pareto improvements in the operational performance of e-commerce express service. The performance of four revenue sharing and risk sharing strategies varies with different revenue sharing or risk sharing factors. Under some certain combined factors, the revenue sharing contract could help realize the supply chain coordination of the sharing logistics service. The sharing logistics cooperation mechanism based on equity investment proposed hereafter provides a feasible solution to solve the problems of high empty driving rate and operational cost of e-commerce express delivery service in urban areas.
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Ren, Xiangyang, Juan Tan, Qingmin Qiao, Lifeng Wu, Liyuan Ren, and Lu Meng. "Demand forecast and influential factors of cold chain logistics based on a grey model." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 8 (2022): 7669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022360.
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<abstract> <p>Due to high requirements of storage, operation and delivery conditions, it is more difficult for cold chain logistics to meet the demand with supply in the course of disruption. And, accurate demand forecasting promotes supply efficiency for cold chain logistics in a changeable environment. This paper aims to find the main influential factors of cold chain demand and presents a prediction to support the resilience operation of cold chain logistics. After analyzing the internal relevance between potential factors and regional agricultural cold chain logistics demand, the grey model GM (1, N) with fractional order accumulation is established to forecast future agricultural cold chain logistics demand in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. The following outcomes have been obtained. (1) The proportion of tertiary industry, per capita disposable income indices for urban households and general price index for farm products are the first three factors influencing the cold chain logistics demand for agricultural products in both Beijing and Tianjin. The GDP, fixed asset investment in transportation and storage, and the proportion of tertiary industry are three major influential factors in Hebei. (2) Agricultural cold chain demand in Beijing and Hebei will grow sustainably in 2021–2025, while the trend in Tianjin remains stable. In conclusion, regional developmental differences should be considered when planning policies for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cold chain logistics system.</p> </abstract>
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Castiglione, Marisdea, Antonio Comi, Rosita De Vincentis, Andreea Dumitru, and Marialisa Nigro. "Delivering in Urban Areas: A Probabilistic-Behavioral Approach for Forecasting the Use of Electric Micromobility." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 9075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159075.
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Urban delivering is facing some significant changes that are heading towards unsustainable scenarios. At the same time, local administrations as well as city planners are involved in promoting new solutions that can help to improve city sustainability and livability. In this context, electric micromobility could offer a valuable contribution. In fact, electric micromobility systems such as e-bikes and e-scooters, both at an individual level or as a shared service, could represent sustainable mobility options for city logistics, especially for specific classes of parcel delivery, users’ characteristics and travelled distances. Considering both the growth of e-commerce and the spreading of new options for delivering parcels (e.g., crowdshipping), electric micromobility (e-bikes and e-scooters) could support the penetration and acceptability of such new options, limiting the impacts of delivery operations. After analysis of the current e-commerce background and a review of the current delivery options to satisfy delivery demand, crowdshipping stands out. Thus, the potential shift from private transport to e-micromobility for crowdshipping is investigated, assuming that potential crowdshippers may, mainly, be commuters. The methodology is based on using probabilistic-behavioral models developed within random utility theory, which allow the potential shift towards e-micromobility for commuting to be forecasted. The models were calibrated in Rome, where more than 200 interviews with commuters were available.
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Mu, L., L. Fang, H. Wang, L. Chen, Y. Yang, X. J. Qu, C. Y. Wang, Y. Yuan, S. B. Wang, and Y. N. Wang. "Exploring Northwest China's agricultural water-saving strategy: analysis of water use efficiency based on an SE-DEA model conducted in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 5 (June 17, 2016): 1106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.286.
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Worldwide, water scarcity threatens delivery of water to urban centers. Increasing water use efficiency (WUE) is often recommended to reduce water demand, especially in water-scarce areas. In this paper, agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is examined using the super-efficient data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach in Xi'an in Northwest China at a temporal and spatial level. The grey systems analysis technique was then adopted to identify the factors that influenced the efficiency differentials under the shortage of water resources. From the perspective of temporal scales, the AWUE increased year by year during 2004–2012, and the highest (2.05) was obtained in 2009. Additionally, the AWUE was the best in the urban area at the spatial scale. Moreover, the key influencing factors of the AWUE are the financial situations and agricultural water-saving technology. Finally, we identified several knowledge gaps and proposed water-saving strategies for increasing AWUE and reducing its water demand by: (1) improving irrigation practices (timing and amounts) based on compatible water-saving techniques; (2) maximizing regional WUE by managing water resources and allocation at regional scales as well as enhancing coordination among Chinese water governance institutes.
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Nabukeera, Madinah. "Recentralisation Of Performance Of Urban Solid Waste Management Service Delivery In Lubage-Kampala Uganda." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.88.8859.
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Kampala is a government seat and the capital city of Uganda. Kampala has been referred to as an executive slum due to its breakdown in service delivery. Currently the city is facing increased population growth, increased demand for services, changing consumptions, rising income which has caused urbanization that resulted into increased solid waste generated. While Kampala has a lot of challenges i.e., garbage, potholes, sewer service, construction, traffic management, corruption, health services, environment, stray livestock and management of markets. The main objective of this papers was to investigate service delivery during the recentralization of the city in line with garbage tonnage. Secondary data from Lubaga division used with content analysis to analysis the collected data. Results indicated that a small number of trips and fuel consumption in December compared to October and November 2016. The fall in trend of garbage collected could be as a result of some measures like burning which are adopted by some households in Rubaga division. It is also believed that some KCCA garbage vehicles remain on the road sides and this would make it hard for some people who are far from the road to bring their garbage.
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Dong, Jianjun, Yuanxian Xu, Bon-gang Hwang, Rui Ren, and Zhilong Chen. "The Impact of Underground Logistics System on Urban Sustainable Development: A System Dynamics Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (February 26, 2019): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051223.
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The lack of practical application and accurate benefit analysis, which are the prerequisites for each other, make it difficult to implement and promote the underground logistics system (ULS), although in theory people always recognize its advantages in sustainable improvement of urban transportation and logistics. This paper attempts to use the system dynamics (SD) method, based on the real-world simulation, to analyze the quantitative relationship between the implementation strategy of ULS and the sustainability of urban transportation and logistics to solve this problem. Beijing city, China, was selected as the empirical background. Four ULS implementation strategies were proposed according to the city’s potential investment in ULS and its demand for ULS network capacity. Meanwhile, four representative indicators were selected to evaluate the simulation results, including the average speed of the road networks in the peak hour, congestion loss, delivery travel time in the peak hour and the PM emissions of the truck. Good fitting index of historical data shows the validity of the model. Simulation results show that ULS, as a supplement to the urban integrated transport system, can significantly improve urban traffic and logistics. This study provides a perspective in the systematic and quantitative analysis of ULS to support the urban sustainable development.
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Addo-Yobo, F. N., and C. Njiru. "Role of consumer behaviour studies in improving water supply delivery to the urban poor." Water Policy 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.0008.
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A recent report by WHO and UNICEF on the state of water and sanitation provision across the globe paints a gloomy picture of the situation in developing countries. Of great concern is the plight of the urban poor whose numbers are increasing rapidly across the developing world. Currently, a more market-like approach is being promoted as the way forward in the water sector. This approach is seen as an effective way of being demand responsive and hence a useful way of providing a sustainable water supply service for all groups of consumers. The authors advocate that a prerequisite for effectively using a marketing approach is a good understanding of the behaviour of the target consumers, that is, knowing what consumers think, feel, do and the things and places that influence and are influenced by what they think, feel and do. Consumer behaviour studies have widespread application in the marketing of goods and services and the application of some of these concepts could be useful in improving water services delivery. Better understanding of consumer behaviour could help in developing strategies for successfully marketing water as both a social and an economic good, thus enhancing the sustainability of water supply services.
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Pellegrino, Margot, Carole Wernert, and Angéline Chartier. "Social Housing Net-Zero Energy Renovations With Energy Performance Contract: Incorporating Occupants’ Behaviour." Urban Planning 7, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i2.5029.
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This article examines how the behaviour of occupants is assessed in a project with ambitious targets for energy use reductions and within the framework of an approach based on an energy performance contract. Its starting point is the observation that there may be significant disparities between the consumption threshold required by the regulations or the labels and the actual building consumption in its post-delivery existence. While behaviour cannot be the only factor explaining this overconsumption, the promoters of high-performance renovation operations often marginalise their importance. The recent surge in requirements for energy consumption reductions in new or renovated buildings in Europe further exacerbates these problems. In light of these challenges, there is a strong demand for compulsory verification of post-delivery performances and for developing energy performance contracts. In this context, the behaviour of a building’s occupants can no longer be considered as a simple adjustment variable. Through the analysis of Energiesprong, a net-zero energy renovation approach for the social housing developed in the Netherlands and in France, built around the principle of an energy performance contract over a long timeframe, the article highlights the injunctions to behavioural changes, the strategies, the negotiations, and the adjustments deployed by the project leaders. It finally shows that there is still a long way to go before the occupant’s behaviour in a high-energy performance renovation project is fully taken into account.
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Fahad, Taqwa Oday, and Abduladhem A. Ali. "Compressed fuzzy logic based multi-criteria AODV routing in VANET environment." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp397-401.
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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are the core of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to obtain safety, better transportation services, and improved traffic management. Providing more reliable and efficient on demand routing protocol is one of the main challenges in these networks research scope. This paper argues a compressed fuzzy logic based method to enhance Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing decision by jointly considering number of relays, distance factor, direction angle, and vehicles speed variance. The proposed scheme is simulated in both freeway and urban scenarios with different number of vehicles using real time interaction between both OMNet++ and SUMO simulators. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can get better performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, mean delay, and number of sent control packets.
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Ma, Fangfang. "Multimedia Urban Road Path Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (April 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7898871.
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In order to study multimedia urban road path optimization based on genetic algorithm, a dynamic path optimization based on genetic algorithm is proposed. Firstly, for the current situation of traffic congestion, time constraints are strictly considered based on the traditional hard time window logistics distribution vehicle scheduling problem model. Then, the mathematical model is established, and the optimal solution is solved by the combination of decomposition coordination algorithm and genetic algorithm. We divide multiple customers into different customer groups and determine the service object order of each express car in each customer group, so as to obtain the most valuable scheduling scheme. Finally, in the process of solving the model, the relevant and reliable distribution basis for enterprise distribution is collected, including customer geographical coordinates, demand, delivery time window, unit cost required for loading and unloading, loading and unloading time, and penalty cost to be borne by distribution enterprises after early arrival and late arrival. Using the improved genetic algorithm, the optimal solution of each objective function is actually obtained in about 140 generations, which is faster than that before the improvement. Using the genetic algorithm based on sequence coding, a hybrid genetic algorithm is constructed to solve the model problem. Through the comparative analysis of experimental data, it is known that the algorithm has good performance, is a feasible algorithm to solve the VSP problem with time window, and can quickly obtain the vehicle routing scheduling scheme with reference value.
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Assis, Tássia Faria de, Victor Hugo Souza de Abreu, Mariane Gonzalez da Costa, and Marcio de Almeida D’Agosto. "Methodology for Prioritizing Best Practices Applied to the Sustainable Last Mile—The Case of a Brazilian Parcel Delivery Service Company." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 3812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073812.
Full textAbstract:
The ever-increasing impacts of the last mile delivery sector on the environment and the quality of life of the urban population, such as increased congestion, demand best practices to be incorporated by companies to reduce impacts such as emission of air pollutants and Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and depletion of natural resources, among others. However, a myriad of strategies has been developed for this purpose but there is a lack of methodologies that allow the choice of the best ones for a specific case. Therefore, this study looks for those best practices to be employed through an innovative methodology that consists of SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), a map of strategies of the delivery service, and using the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), with the differential of considering the peculiarities of each company. The results applied in a Brazilian last mile delivery service company show that best practices such as route optimization, implementation of new infrastructure and business models for urban deliveries, and use of information systems for fleet tracking and monitoring contribute significantly to improving performance indicators and achieving the sector’s goal to become more sustainable, and especially meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 9, 11, and 17.
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Nwalusi, Dickson M., Francis O. Okeke, Christopher M. Anierobi, Rosemary C. Nnaemeka-Okeke, and Kelechi I. Nwosu. "A Study of the Impact of Rural-Urban Migration and Urbanization on Public Housing Delivery in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria." European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n3p59.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, urbanization is now like a tidal wave sweeping the entire world and its impact is felt more in developing countries like Nigeria, where urban growth is marked by a dramatic shift with emphasis from rural to urban centers. Rural-urban migration which is one of the effects of urbanization has had grievous implications for urban housing delivery in Nigerian cities. Thus, the steady increase in her population over the years and its effect on the housing sector have become a problem of serious concern. Therefore, this research investigates the impact of urbanization and migration from rural areas on housing delivery in the city of Enugu in order to develop sustainable measures that will address the issue. It utilized a qualitative research method of direct observation and review of literature in which primary and secondary data were collected. The research results highlight some of the effects of Urbanization in the study area to include; gross housing shortage, increase housing rent and high land value in the city resulting to the emergence and expansion of many squatter settlements at the periphery of the city, incidence of haphazard situation of developments, change in land uses, violation of planning guidelines, suboptimal amenities and inadequate infrastructure as well as slum conditions. The study also identified 14 peri-urban squatter settlements with an estimated total population of 62,733 people; an indication of about 5.5% unaccounted spill over population with over 11,082 households in the city. Furthermore, it was observed that the current public housing provision in the city of Enugu over the period 1999-2020 is skewed away from low-income earners, who constitute a significant portion of the city's population. Conclusions and recommendations in the report include a call for strategic and comprehensive government intervention in the housing sector, as well as a demand for local building materials and a better use of union housing cooperatives with single digit interest loan for housing finance to ensure adequate provision of affordable housing to the growing population in the city.