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Journal articles on the topic 'Omega-categorical'
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ARCHER, RICHARD, and DUGALD MACPHERSON. "Soluble omega-categorical groups." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 121, no. 2 (March 1997): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004196001387.
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Yang, Yanyun, and Yan Xia. "Categorical Omega With Small Sample Sizes via Bayesian Estimation: An Alternative to Frequentist Estimators." Educational and Psychological Measurement 79, no. 1 (January 18, 2018): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164417752008.
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When item scores are ordered categorical, categorical omega can be computed based on the parameter estimates from a factor analysis model using frequentist estimators such as diagonally weighted least squares. When the sample size is relatively small and thresholds are different across items, using diagonally weighted least squares can yield a substantially biased estimate of categorical omega. In this study, we applied Bayesian estimation methods for computing categorical omega. The simulation study investigated the performance of categorical omega under a variety of conditions through manipulating the scale length, number of response categories, distributions of the categorical variable, heterogeneities of thresholds across items, and prior distributions for model parameters. The Bayes estimator appears to be a promising method for estimating categorical omega. M plus and SAS codes for computing categorical omega were provided.
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Palacín, Daniel. "On omega-categorical simple theories." Archive for Mathematical Logic 51, no. 7-8 (July 4, 2012): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00153-012-0294-7.
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MOTTET, ANTOINE, and MICHAEL PINSKER. "CORES OVER RAMSEY STRUCTURES." Journal of Symbolic Logic 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2021.6.
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MAZARI-ARMIDA, MARCOS, and SEBASTIEN VASEY. "UNIVERSAL CLASSES NEAR ${\aleph _1}$." Journal of Symbolic Logic 83, no. 04 (December 2018): 1633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2018.37.
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AbstractShelah has provided sufficient conditions for an ${\Bbb L}_{\omega _1 ,\omega } $-sentence ψ to have arbitrarily large models and for a Morley-like theorem to hold of ψ. These conditions involve structural and set-theoretic assumptions on all the ${\aleph _n}$’s. Using tools of Boney, Shelah, and the second author, we give assumptions on ${\aleph _0}$ and ${\aleph _1}$ which suffice when ψ is restricted to be universal:Theorem. Assume ${2^{{\aleph _0}}} < {2^{{\aleph _1}}}$. Let ψ be a universal ${\Bbb L}_{\omega _1 ,\omega } $-sentence.(1)If ψ is categorical in ${\aleph _0}$ and $1 \leqslant {\Bbb L}\left( {\psi ,\aleph _1 } \right) < 2^{\aleph _1 } $, then ψ has arbitrarily large models and categoricity of ψ in some uncountable cardinal implies categoricity of ψ in all uncountable cardinals.(2)If ψ is categorical in ${\aleph _1}$, then ψ is categorical in all uncountable cardinals.The theorem generalizes to the framework of ${\Bbb L}_{\omega _1 ,\omega } $-definable tame abstract elementary classes with primes.
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Bodirsky, Manuel, Antoine Mottet, Miroslav Olšák, Jakub Opršal, Michael Pinsker, and Ross Willard. "$\omega $-categorical structures avoiding height 1 identities." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 374, no. 1 (October 14, 2020): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/8179.
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Kulpeshov, Beibut, and Timur Mustafin. "ON DATABASE QUERIES OVER ALMOST OMEGA-CATEGORICAL ORDERED DOMAIN." Herald of Kazakh-British technical university 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2021-18-2-73-78.
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Мы исследуем реляционные базы данных над упорядоченной областью определения с некоторыми дополнительными отношениями – типичным примером является упорядоченное множество рациональных чисел с операцией сложения. В фокусе наших исследований запросы первого порядка, инвариантные относительно перестановок, сохраняющих порядок, – такие запросы называются порядково-генерическими. Установлено, что для некоторых областей порядково- генерические запросы первого порядка сводятся к запросам чистого порядка. Здесь мы доказываем теорему сводимости над почти омега-категоричной слабо о-минимальной областью определения, имеющей ранг выпуклости 1.
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Braunfeld, Samuel. "Monadic stability and growth rates of ω$\omega$‐categorical structures." Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 124, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/plms.12429.
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Kulpeshov, B. Sh, and S. V. Sudoplatov. "$${P}^{{*}}$$-Combinations of Almost $${\omega}$$-Categorical Weakly o-Minimal Theories." Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics 42, no. 4 (April 2021): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995080221040132.
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Kulpeshov, B. Sh, and T. S. Mustafin. "Almost $ \omega $-Categorical Weakly $ o $-Minimal Theories of Convexity Rank 1." Siberian Mathematical Journal 62, no. 1 (January 2021): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0037446621010067.
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Amirbek, Gaukhar, and Beibut Kulpeshov. "Binary convexity rank in almost omega-categorical weakly o-minimal theories." Herald of Kazakh-British technical university 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2022-19-1-23-29.
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The present paper concerns the notion of weak o-minimality that was initially deeply studied by D. Macpherson, D. Marker and C. Steinhorn. A subset A of a linearly ordered structure M is convex if for all a, b Î A and c Î M whenever a < c < b we have c Î A. A weakly o-minimal structure is a linearly ordered structure M = áM, =, <, …ñ such that any definable (with parameters) subset of M is a union of finitely many convex sets in M. A criterion for equality of the binary convexity ranks for non-weakly orthogonal non-algebraic 1-types in almost omega-categorical weakly o-minimal theories in case of existing an element of the set of realizations of one of these types the definable closure of which has a non-empty intersection with the set of realizations of another type is found.
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Kulpeshov, B. Sh, and T. S. Mustafin. "Almost $omega$-categorical weakly $o$-minimal theories of convexity rank $1$." Sibirskii matematicheskii zhurnal 62, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33048/smzh.2021.62.106.
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Васюков, В. Л. "Potoses: Categorical Paraconsistent Universum for Paraconsistent Logic and Mathematics." Logical Investigations 23, no. 2 (October 5, 2017): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2017-23-2-76-95.
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It is well-known that the concept of da Costa algebra [3] reects most of the logical properties of paraconsistent propositional calculi $C_{n},1\leq n\leq \omega $ introduced by $N.C.A.$ da Costa. In [10] the construction of topos of functors from a small category to the category of sets was proposed which allows to yield the categorical semantics for da Costa's paraconsistent logic. Another categorical semantics for $C_{n}$ would be obtained by introducing the concept of $\textit{potos}$ { the categorical counterpart of da Costa algebra (the name "potos" is borrowed from W.Carnielli's story of the idea of such kind of categories) DOI: 10.21146/2074-1472-2017-23-2-76-95
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Kulpeshov, B. Sh. "A Criterion for Binarity of Almost $ \omega $-Categorical Weakly $ o $-Minimal Theories." Siberian Mathematical Journal 62, no. 6 (November 2021): 1063–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0037446621060082.
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Kulpeshov, B. Sh. "A criterion for binarity of almost $omega$-categorical weakly $o$-minimal theories." Sibirskii matematicheskii zhurnal 62, no. 6 (October 30, 2021): 1313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33048/smzh.2021.62.608.
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Shilpa, M., and P. Parthiban. "Taguchi's robust parameter design to analyse ordered categorical data using inverse omega transformation." International Journal of Enterprise Network Management 13, no. 2 (2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijenm.2022.124802.
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Parthiban, P., and M. Shilpa. "Taguchi's robust parameter design to analyse ordered categorical data using inverse omega transformation." International Journal of Enterprise Network Management 13, no. 2 (2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijenm.2022.10049543.
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IZBASAROV, A. A., B. S. KULPESHOV, and D. Y. EMELYANOV. "ON (p, q)-SPLITTING FORMULAS IN ALMOST OMEGA-CATEGORICAL WEAKLY O-MINIMAL THEORIES." Herald of the Kazakh-British technical university 19, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2022-19-2-20-28.
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Altaeva, A. B., B. Sh Kulpeshov, and S. V. Sudoplatov. "Algebras of distributions of binary isolating formulas for almost $omega$-categorical weakly $o$-minimal theories." Algebra i logika 60, no. 4 (November 26, 2021): 369–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33048/alglog.2021.60.401.
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Ali, Mustafa, and Mohammed A. "The Academic Buoyancy Scale: Measurement Invariance across Culture and Gender in Egyptian and Omani Undergraduates." European Journal of Educational Research 10, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 2121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.2121.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The academic buoyancy scale (ABS) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring academic buoyancy. To obtain meaningful and valid comparisons across groups using ABS, however, measurement invariance should be ascertained a priori. To that end, we examined its measurement invariance, validity evidence based on relations to other variables, and score reliability using categorical omega across culture and gender among Egyptian and Omani undergraduates. Participants were 345 college students: Egyptian sample (N=191) and Omani sample (N=154). To assess measurement invariance across culture and gender, multiple–group confirmatory factor analysis was performed with four successive invariance models: (a) configural, (b) metric, (c) scalar, and (d) residual. Results revealed that the unidimensional baseline model had adequate fit to the data in the full sample. Moreover, measurement invariance was found to hold across culture but not across gender and consequently the ABS could be used to yield valid cross-cultural comparisons between the Egyptian and Omani students. Conversely, it cannot be used to yield valid inferences related to comparing gender groups within each culture. Validity evidence based on relations to other variables was supported by the significantly moderate correlation between ABS and academic achievement (GPA; r =.435 and r = .457, P < .01) for the Egyptian and Omani samples, respectively. With regard to score reliability, categorical omega coefficients were moderate across both samples. Educational and psychological implications, limitations and suggestions for improving the scale are discussed.</p>
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Ali, Mustafa, and Mohammed A. "The Academic Buoyancy Scale: Measurement Invariance across Culture and Gender in Egyptian and Omani Undergraduates." European Journal of Educational Research 10, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 2121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.4.2121.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The academic buoyancy scale (ABS) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring academic buoyancy. To obtain meaningful and valid comparisons across groups using ABS, however, measurement invariance should be ascertained a priori. To that end, we examined its measurement invariance, validity evidence based on relations to other variables, and score reliability using categorical omega across culture and gender among Egyptian and Omani undergraduates. Participants were 345 college students: Egyptian sample (N=191) and Omani sample (N=154). To assess measurement invariance across culture and gender, multiple–group confirmatory factor analysis was performed with four successive invariance models: (a) configural, (b) metric, (c) scalar, and (d) residual. Results revealed that the unidimensional baseline model had adequate fit to the data in the full sample. Moreover, measurement invariance was found to hold across culture but not across gender and consequently the ABS could be used to yield valid cross-cultural comparisons between the Egyptian and Omani students. Conversely, it cannot be used to yield valid inferences related to comparing gender groups within each culture. Validity evidence based on relations to other variables was supported by the significantly moderate correlation between ABS and academic achievement (GPA; r =.435 and r = .457, P < .01) for the Egyptian and Omani samples, respectively. With regard to score reliability, categorical omega coefficients were moderate across both samples. Educational and psychological implications, limitations and suggestions for improving the scale are discussed.</p>
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Guillou, Bertrand J., J. Peter May, Mona Merling, and Angélica M. Osorno. "SYMMETRIC MONOIDAL G-CATEGORIES AND THEIR STRICTIFICATION." Quarterly Journal of Mathematics 71, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 207–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qmathj/haz034.
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Abstract We give an operadic definition of a genuine symmetric monoidal $G$-category, and we prove that its classifying space is a genuine $E_\infty $$G$-space. We do this by developing some very general categorical coherence theory. We combine results of Corner and Gurski, Power and Lack to develop a strictification theory for pseudoalgebras over operads and monads. It specializes to strictify genuine symmetric monoidal $G$-categories to genuine permutative $G$-categories. All of our work takes place in a general internal categorical framework that has many quite different specializations. When $G$ is a finite group, the theory here combines with previous work to generalize equivariant infinite loop space theory from strict space level input to considerably more general category level input. It takes genuine symmetric monoidal $G$-categories as input to an equivariant infinite loop space machine that gives genuine $\Omega $-$G$-spectra as output.
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Sudoplatov, Sergey. "ON 1-INDISCERNIBILITY OF E-COMBINATIONS OF ORDERED THEORIES." Herald of Kazakh-British technical university 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2021-18-4-26-31.
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In this paper, we investigate properties that are preserved or acquired when combining an arbitrary number of theories or structures. Recently, an interest has been shown in the study of P-combinations (when each structure is distinguished by a separate unary predicate) and E-combinations (when each structure is distinguished by a separate class of equivalence with respect to E). Here we studied the properties of E-combinations of linearly ordered theories. The 1-indiscernibilty and density of a weakly o-minimal E-combination of countably many copies of an almost omega-categorical weakly o-minimal theory in a language that does not contain distinguished constants are established.
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Fabian, Carol J., Trina Metheny, Teresa A. Phillips, Marsha Danley, and Bruce F. Kimler. "Abstract 2207: High-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is associated with a decrease in FOXA1 in benign breast tissue." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2207.
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Abstract Background: FOXA1 is a pioneer transcription factor necessary for full expression of estrogen receptor activity. In collaboration with Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), increased FOXA1 activity can result in endocrine resistance through increase of the endoplasmic reticulum protein AGR2 and its receptor LYPD3. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia increase FOXA1. Since eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) improve insulin sensitivity and reduce IGFR-related signaling, we explored the effect of EPA + DHA supplementation on FOXA1 and AGR2 expression in benign breast epithelium. Methods: Reserved excess cells from fine needle aspirations performed pre and post 6 months of supplementation given to postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer were utilized. Cells had been stored at -20 C in a methanol fixative for ~10 y (Fabian et al, Ca Prev Res 2015). Of the 35 women entered, 28 had reserved excess cells available for blocks and after obtaining 4-5 sections per block, 12 had sufficient epithelial cells on both pre and post intervention slides as determined by H and E staining to proceed with immunohistochemistry assessment. Of the 12, median age was 53 and 7/12 were on low dose hormone replacement during the study. Slides were stained with FOXA1 (2F83 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody) at a 1:50 dilution and AGR2 rabbit polyclonal (Proteintech,12275-1-AP) at a 1:800 dilution. F0XA1 exhibits a nuclear staining pattern whereas AGR2 is predominately cytoplasmic. IHC staining was assessed individually by two readers (TM and TP). The most abnormal cell clusters were preferentially assessed. Up to 500 cells are evaluated for percent positive stain and staining intensity. An Allred score was computed as the sum of a categorical score for percent positive cells and a categorical score for the predominant staining intensity. Results: For FOXA1 there was a statistically significant decrease in percent positive cells (11/12, p=0.019) and Allred score (9/12, p=0.022) by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Of the 11 which showed a decrease in FOXA1, seven were on HRT throughout the study (usually estrogen alone). There was no statistically significant change in AGR2 IHC. However, there was a robust linear relationship between stain positivity for FOXA1 and AGR2 (p<0.001), as well as for the change in percent positive cells over the course of the intervention (p<0.003). There was no statistically significant correlation between change in FOXA1 and change in Ki-67 immunocytochemical staining (performed as part of the original study), nor for a variety of serum measures of insulin sensitivity or resistance including HOMA-IR and HOMA %B. Conclusions: If this finding is confirmed in other studies, FOXA1 protein expression may be a useful tissue response biomarker in breast cancer prevention trials of omega-3 fatty acids. Citation Format: Carol J. Fabian, Trina Metheny, Teresa A. Phillips, Marsha Danley, Bruce F. Kimler. High-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is associated with a decrease in FOXA1 in benign breast tissue [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2207.
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Kulpeshov, B. Sh, and S. V. Sudoplatov. "ALMOST 1-TRANSITIVITY IN LINEARLY ORDERED STRUCTURES." Herald of the Kazakh-British technical university 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55452/1998-6688-2023-20-1-6-13.
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The present paper concerns the notion of weak o-minimality introduced by M. Dickmann and originally deeply studied by D. Macpherson, D. Marker, and C. Steinhorn. Weak o-minimality is a generalization of the notion of o-minimality introduced by A. Pillay and C. Steinhorn in series of joint papers. As is known, the ordered field of real numbers is an example of an o-minimal structure. We continue studying model-theoretic properties of o-minimal and weakly o-minimal structures. In particular, we introduce the notion of almost 1-transitivity in linearly ordered structures and study tits properties. Almost 1-transitive o-minimal and weakly o-minimal linear orderings have been described. It has been established that an almost 1-transitive weakly o-minimal linear ordering is isomorphic to a finite number of concatenations of almost 1-transitive o-minimal linear orderings. Properties of expansions of families of almost 1-transitive linearly ordered theories are studied. Rank values for families of almost 1-transitive o-minimal and weakly o-minimal linear orderings have been found. A criterion for preserving both the almost 1-transitivity and weak o-minimality has been found at expanding an almost 1-transitive weak o-minimal theory by an arbitrary unary predicate. Dense ordering of an almost 1-transitive weakly o-minimal theory that is almost omega-categorical has been established.
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Goode, John B. "Some trivial considerations." Journal of Symbolic Logic 56, no. 2 (June 1991): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274704.
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At the source of what is now known as “geometric stability theory” was Zil'ber's intuition that the essential properties of an aleph-one-categorical theory were controlled by the geometries of its minimal types. (However, the situation is much more complex than was assumed in Zil'ber [1984], since the main conjecture of that paper has been disproved by Hrushovski.) This is not unnatural in this unidimensional case, where all these geometries have isomorphic contractions, but it was even realized later, in Cherlin, Harrington and Lachlan [1985] and Buechler [1986], that, for any superstable theory with finite ranks, a certain “local” property, i.e. a property satisfied by the geometry of each type of rank one (namely: to have a projective contraction), was equivalent to a “global” one (the theory is one-based, hence satisfies a coordinatization lemma). Then it was shown, in Pillay [1986], that this situation does not generalize to the infinite rank case, that, even for a theory of rank omega, the (local) assumption of projectivity for all the regular types of the theory does not have an exact global counterpart.To clarify this kind of phenomena, I suggest here the elimination of their geometrical aspect, considering only the case where all of the geometries are degenerate. I will study various notions of triviality, which make sense in a stable context, and turn out to be equivalent in the finite rank case; some of them have a definite global flavour, others are of local character.
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Csizmadi, Ilona, Pao-Hwa Lin, Michael Freeman, Beatrice Knudsen, Andre Rogatko, Suzanne Devkota, Sungyong You, et al. "WALNUTS for POWER: A Protocol for the Polyphenols, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Weight Loss, and EneRgy Randomized Controlled Trial." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa044_015.
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Abstract Objectives Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common non-skin cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death. Omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols have bioactive properties that may alter tumor biology and reduce PC progression. Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are one of the best sources of plant-based omega-3 s (2.5 g per oz) and polyphenols (total polyphenols 462 mg per oz). We propose to determine the effect of walnuts added to a typical diet on markers of PC progression in men scheduled for radical prostatectomy (RP). The primary objective of the study is to determine the effect of walnut intake on Ki67 expression in prostatic tissue. Secondary objectives are to determine the effect of walnuts on prostatic tissue oxidative stress and inflammation. Exploratory objectives include measuring the effect of walnuts on the gut microbiome, insulin/IGF signaling and gene expression. Methods 50 men with PC scheduled for RP are recruited from the Durham Veterans Medical Center and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Men are randomized to receive 2 oz. of walnuts added to a usual diet (intervention) or control (usual diet) using a 1:1 allocation during the 3–10-week pre-RP period. An experienced dietitian provides counseling and recipes to men in the intervention arm and monitor dietary compliance. RP tissue is stained and scored for Ki67 by an experienced pathologist. Tumors are processed for RNA extraction and RNA-sequenced at the UCLA genomics core. Fasting blood are collected at baseline and pre-RP visits, spun, separated into serum, plasma, and red blood cells and stored at −80°C. Serum are batch-analyzed for insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IL-6. Stool samples for microbiota analyses are collected at baseline and pre-RP visits and undergo 16 s rRNA gene sequencing and statistical analyses to identify microbiome community content. Between-arm differences during the study are assessed by t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. The study will be completed in 3 years. To date, 7 men have been recruited. Results N/A Conclusions If shown to be effective in improving PC outcomes in men diagnosed with early stage PC, this modest dietary change could provide a much needed feasible, low-cost, easily accessible, non-toxic option that could be sustained over the long-term. Funding Sources California Walnut Commission.
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Bogdanov, D. E. "Postmodernity in Russian Private Law: Interaction of Legal and Judicial Doctrine." Lex Russica, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.180.11.102-123.
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The presented paper aims at revealing the essence of legal and judicial doctrine in Russian private law. The paper criticizes the position that the legal doctrine is an authoritative opinion of scientists expressed in the form of principles, theories, and concepts. This approach to legal doctrine is amorphous. Legal doctrine is a unified concept based on specific methodological foundations and developing conclusions that are in systemic unity. The legal doctrine toolkit is the alpha and omega of law. An interdisciplinary approach to the study of legal phenomena should be based on the categorical apparatus of legal doctrine, on the general doctrine of the essence and purpose of law. The result of an interdisciplinary study should be a rethinking and filling with new content of the tools already developed by the legal doctrine. The work scrutinizes the functions of legal doctrine: description of existing law (de lege lata); development of proposals for its improvement (de lege ferenda); justification and legitimization of novels. The paper concludes that the modern civil doctrine can be revealed through the postmodern concept of the rhizome, since the doctrine is becoming more international, interdisciplinary and creative. The author investigates the triad of functions of judicial doctrine, namely interpretation, addition and correction of law. It is proved that social and technological challenges predetermine the emergence of judicial doctrines aimed at rethinking and interpreting positive law, its addition and correction. The author concludes that the evolution of private law is based on the dialectical unity of legal and judicial doctrine, each of which implements its functional triad.
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Akodu, B. A., S. O. Akinwunmi, and A. Onajole. "79 Relationship Between Depression and Nutritional Status Among the Elderly Attending Selected Primary Healthcare Centers in Lagos." Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_1 (March 2021): i12—i42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab030.40.
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Abstract Introduction Depression causes and worsens malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly of the developed world was about 22.6% and about 40% of hospitalized elderly are malnourished while about 4.8% have one major depressive episode in people aged 50 and above. Food rich in omega-3 has antidepressant effect and its low intake is linked with dementia. Decrease dietary folate has been linked with depression. This study was aimed at determining the relationship between depression and nutritional status among the elderly in selected primary healthcare centers (PHC) in Lagos Nigeria. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage technique to select 219 participants by systematic sampling method from the selected PHC centers. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Nutritional status and Depression were assessed using Mini-Nutritional Assessment and Geriatric Depression Scale respectively. Data analysis was carried out using Epi-info 7.1. Associations were tested using Chi-square for categorical variables while t-test and analysis of variance were used for continuous variables. Associations were statistically significant if two-tailed probability was less than 5% (0.05). Results It was found that 57.9% and 47.1% were malnourished and depressed respectively. There was a statistically significant association between the sex of the participants and the nutritional status (p = 0.048). Statistically significant association existed between sex (p = 0.024), marital status (p = <0.001), educational qualification and depression. Statistically significant association between monthly income (p = <0.001), living arrangement (p = 0.002) and depression was demonstrated. There was a statistically significant association between family support (p = <0.001), nutritional status (p = <0.001) and depression. There was statistically significant difference between the height (p = 0.00885), weight (p = 0.00052, waist-hip ratio (p = 0.036) and the nutritional status. Remarkably, there was statistically significant difference between the waist (p = 0.023) and hip circumference (p = 0.047) and their level of depression. Conclusion A high prevalence of poor nutritional status and depression existed among the elderly primary healthcare centers.
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Siatkowski, R., Shahzad Mian, Susan Cullican, Laura Green, Grace Sun, Evan Waxman, Laura Wayman, Julie Stoner, Xi Chen, and Steven Feldon. "Probability of Success in the Ophthalmology Residency Match: Three-Year Outcomes Analysis of San Francisco Matching Program Data." Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 10, no. 01 (January 2018): e150-e157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673675.
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Objective To develop a probability model of matching into a US ophthalmology residency program using San Francisco Matching Program (SF Match) data. Design Retrospective data analysis of de-identified application and matching data. Participants Registrants for the 2013, 2014, and 2015 ophthalmology residency matches conducted by the SF Match. Methods Descriptive statistics of candidates, comparison of continuous and categorical variables between matched and nonmatched candidates, and linear regression modeling were performed. A recursive partitioning method was used to create a probability of matching algorithm. Main Outcome Measures Probability of successfully matching based on quantifiable candidate characteristics. Results Over the 3-year period, 1,959 individuals submitted an average of 64 applications and received a mean of nine interview invitations. The overall match rate was 71%, with 78% matching at one of their top five choices. Successful matches were more likely to occur in US medical school graduates (78% vs 20%, p < 0.001) and applicants on their first attempt (76% vs 29%, p < 0.001). The association between matching and number of programs applied became negative with > 48 applications. Probability of matching was “high” (> 80%) among US graduates with a step 1 United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) score >243 (regardless of number of programs applied to), a step 1 USMLE score of 231 to 243 who applied to at least 30 programs, and first-time applicants with a step 1 score >232. No international medical graduates or repeat applicants had a “high” probability of matching. Conclusions Although advice must be individualized for each candidate, applicants for ophthalmology residency who fall into a “high” probability of matching group are likely to be successful with applications to 45 or fewer programs. Applying to 80 or more programs should be considered for international medical graduates and/or applicants who are previously unmatched. Modification of the match application data form may allow more detailed analysis of variables such as Alpha Omega Alpha or Gold Humanism Honor Society membership, research activity, and composite evaluation on a standardized letter of recommendation.
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Jahel, Colin. "Some Progress on the Unique Ergodicity Problem." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 27, no. 4 (December 2021): 527–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bsl.2021.63.
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AbstractThis thesis is at the intersection of dynamics, probability and model theory. It focuses on a specialization of the notion of amenability: unique ergodicity.Let G be a Polish group, i.e., a topological group whose topology is separable and completely metrizable. We call a G-flow the action of G on a compact space. A G-flow is said to be minimal if every orbit is dense.A famous theorem of Ellis states that any Polish group G admits a unique universal minimal flow that we denote ${\mathrm {M}}(G)$ . This means that for any minimal G-flow X there is a surjective G-map from ${\mathrm {M}}(G)$ to X. G is said to be amenable if every G-flow admits an invariant probability measure, and uniquely ergodic if every minimal flow admits a unique invariant probability measure.The notion of unique ergodicity relating to a group was introduced by Angel, Kechris and Lyons. They also ask the following question which is the main focus of the thesis: Let G be an amenable Polish group with metrizable universal minimal flow, is G uniquely ergodic?Note that unique ergodicity is an interesting notion only for relatively large groups, as it is proved in the last chapter of this thesis that locally compact non compact Polish groups are never uniquely ergodic. This result is joint work with Andy Zucker.The thesis includes proofs of unique ergodicity of groups with interesting universal minimal flows, namely the automorphism group of the semigeneric directed graph and the automorphism group of the $2$ -graph.It also includes a theorem stating that under some hypothesis on a $\omega $ -categorical structure M, the logic action of ${\mathrm {Aut}}(M)$ on ${\mathrm {LO}}(M)$ , the compact space of linear orders on M, is uniquely ergodic. This implies unique ergodicity for the group if its universal minimal flow happens to be the space of linear orderings. It can also be used to prove non-amenability of some groups for which the action of ${\mathrm {Aut}}(M)$ on ${\mathrm {LO}}(M)$ is not minimal. This result is joint work with Todor Tsankov.Finally, the thesis also presents a proof that under the assumption that the universal minimal flows involved are metrizable, unique ergodicity is stable under group extensions. This result is joint work with Andy Zucker.Abstract prepared by Colin Jahel.E-mail: cjahel@andrew.cmu.eduURL: http://math.univ-lyon1.fr/~jahel/doc/These.pdf
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Miller, Shane M., Aaron J. Zynda, Meagan J. Sabatino, Henry B. Ellis, and Robert Dimeff. "DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) FOR THE TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC SPORT-RELATED CONCUSSION: RESULTS OF A FEASIBILITY TRIAL." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 3_suppl (March 1, 2019): 2325967119S0000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00004.
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Introduction: The rate of sport-related concussion (SRC) has increased steadily over the past two decades in the pediatric population. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an Omega-3 fatty acid important for brain development in children, may aid in recovery following SRC. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility, outcomes, and safety of DHA as early treatment for SRC in pediatrics. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled feasibility trial was conducted. Inclusion criteria were ages 14-18 and SRC within 4 days of enrollment. Exclusion criteria included taking DHA, radiographic evidence of TBI, participation in motorized sports, or previous concussion within past 6 months. Following diagnosis of concussion and initiation of standard treatment, subjects were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to DHA or a placebo and were instructed to take 2 capsules twice daily for 12 weeks. DHA capsules contained a total of 2000 mg of DHA/day and PLACEBO capsules contained corn and soy oil. Both were flavored with masking agents. Subjects were followed prospectively. Standard clinical assessments, SCAT-3 symptoms, ImPACT scores, BESS scores, adverse effects, and drug compliance was collected at enrollment, 1-week, 2-weeks, 4-weeks and 12-weeks. Demographics, day of injury symptoms, injury characteristics, and sport played were also collected. Subjects who demonstrated normal neurocognitive testing, complete symptom resolution and were cleared to begin a return to play (RTP) progression prior to the 4-week follow-up visit were permitted to forgo additional study visits, but requested to return for the 12-week visit. Groups were compared using Mann-Whitney tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. Results: 40 subjects were enrolled; 20 in the DHA group (mean age: 16.02 years; 65% male) and 20 in the PLACEBO group (mean age: 15.97 years; 70% male). No significant differences in demographics, sport, symptoms, ImPACT scores, or BESS scores at enrollment were noted between groups. 25 (62.5%) subjects completed the 12-week visit. Overall drug compliance was 61.57% in the DHA group compared to 66.34% in the PLACEBO group (p=0.727). Subjects in the DHA group were symptom-free 4 days earlier than the PLACEBO group (16.1 vs. 20.9 days, p=0.082), demonstrated normal ImPACT neurocognitive testing (12.2 vs. 16.8 days, p=0.382), and were cleared to begin a RTP progression (21.4 vs. 23.4 days, p=0.115) sooner than those in the PLACEBO group. Two adverse effects were noted in the DHA group. One event was determined to be unrelated to the study. The second event was drug-related eructation and considered minor. No adverse effects were reported in the PLACEBO group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that use of high-dose DHA for treatment of SRC in pediatrics is feasible and safe. DHA may allow for a faster symptom-free state and for an earlier return to play, but a large-scale trial is needed.
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Furman, Anatoliy. "Architectonics of activity theory: reflexive-deed scenario of metamethodologization." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 1, no. 2022 (June 30, 2022): 7–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/pis2022.01.007.
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Interdisciplinary research is devoted to the reflexive-deed reconstruction of the methodological theory of activity, created by G.P. Shchedrovitsky (1929 – 1994) in the frameworks of the collective thinking activity of the Moscow Methodological Circle representatives half a century ago as a complex organization of ontological representations, categorical means, integration-active capabilities and schematizations of methodological thinking, concentrated in the step-by-step formation of ever-growing methodological reflection. With the help of the author’s constructed metamethodological optics this theory is substantiated in its ontological, architectonical, epistemological and philosophic-methodological aspects, highlighted in the polysystemic architectonic mosaic of its ideas and themes, concepts and conceptions, foundations and principles, ideas and constructs, notions and categories, thought-schemes and models, matrices and paradigms, and the most importantly – in conscious thought-actional operation it can appear as a perfect system-actional approach, which is a harbinger of the latest methodology as an original organism or a unique field of TA (thought activity). The essential horizon of such a methodology primarily orients the thinker not on scientific-subject ideas, pictures and knowledge, but on the transformation and development of means, methods and structures of interpenetrating thinking and activity, ie on their reflection in the central link – methodological organization of thinking. Significantly enriching the normative (particularly, sign-symbolic) space of culture, the world of methodology is constructed as one of a kind, original and unique, layer or dimension of human existence – enabling thought-activity, thought-action, professional methodologization. Considering the subject field of the current research, firstly, reflection is highlighted as an attributive center of methodological thinking and methodology in general, secondly, the stages of development of methodological reflection as components of an action are analyzed, thirdly, it has been created for the first time the matrix of genesis of the indicated reflection as an act of methodology creation, fourthly, it has been revealed the method of constructing metamethodological optics of detailed study of the activity theory on the material of the reinterpreted reflexive-deed scenario of the inspirer’s action of system-actional methodology. In the author’s version of composing, metamethodological optics is a complex mechanism for selecting and specifying lenses-modules of interdependent thinking, understanding, activity, reflection, organized by the quintet scheme of philosophical categories as the basis for distinguishing systemic reflexive knowledge: the role of u n i- v e r s a l is performed by the vitacultural methodology developed by us, the place of g e n e r a l is occupied by a sphere of professional methodologization advocated by us, the position of s p e c i a l is occupied by a cyclic-deed approach that we have proposed, the position of i n i v i d u a l is taken by the author’s scheme-model of thought-deed, the place of s p e c i f i c is occupied by such a minimal fractal integrity of a special, conceptually diverse, idea of an object, which finds a graphic expression in the form of a thought scheme (a square wrapped in a circle) and four or five categorical definitions of this object. The main part of the study is devoted to a comprehensive content filling of each of the five reasoned stages of the methodological reflection becoming as components of full-fledged deed: propaedeutic stage – p r e – s i t u a t i o n, the quintessence of which is the idea of actional approach and methodological organization of thinking, the first stage – s i t u a t i o n, the core of which forms the construction of ontological schemes of activity and organization of the process of its reproduction, the second stage – m o t i v a t i- o n, where the most important acts are reflexive immersion of thinking into the world of activity and the emergence of ontology of thought-activity, the third stage – d e e d a c t i o n the main essence of which is reduced to reflexive immersion of TA ontology into a substantial horizon of thinking and to a compliance with the requirements of the multiple knowledge principle, the fourth stage – a f t e r a c t i o n, the most important in which is the reflexive closure of methodological thinking through various reflexive identifications. Thus, the thematically and substantively detailed horizontal of the newly created matrix of the methodological reflection genesis, which is the essence of self-thoughtful – philosophical and therefore methodological – thinking and alpha and omega of methodology in general. At the same time, among the most significant step-by-step creative products of the author’s performance it is worth noting: a) the concept of metamethodologization, that enabled the creation of the latest metamethodological optics of scrupulous elaboration of the activity theory according to the logic of a deed scenarioing of a creative way of the STA-methodology’s founder; b) the thought-scheme of component-tacts of the methodological turn of thinking as a reflexive-canonical deed; c) the cyclic-deed reconstruction of the method of systemic analysis in the unity of different procedures and stages of its implementation; d) the four-stage scheme of the evolution of a scientific subject in two orthogonal dichotomous dimensions of the implementation of methodological work: “empirical (sensory) – logical” and “specific – abstract”; e) the abstract ontological scheme of activity as a full-fledged deed of its reproduction in the cyclical complementarity of ontologems of situation, actualization, translation and reflexive practice and in the context of vitaculture; f) the biquater organizations of the corpus of epistemological units (idea, ontology, universum, STA-approach and scheme, category, theory, STA-methodology) in the polysystem substantiation of thought-actional representations; g) the thought-schemes of connection of ontogenetic stages of reflexive-deed closure of methodological thinking with different reflexive identifications, etc. As a result of the study conducted it is concluded that the model of reflexive-scenario looping of methodology, gained for the first time, for today is a holistic ontological picture of methodological TA, and in the long run – of the universe of thought-activity and thought-deed in general. A clear confirmation of this yet is the unique step-by-step spectrum of competent methodological practice – from the creation, development and usage of various technologies of methodological work and reflective metamethodologization to canon-oriented methodological seminars and sessions, organization-actional and organization-deed games.
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Simon, Pierre. "NIP ω$\omega$‐categorical structures: The rank 1 case." Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, October 3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/plms.12482.
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Del Gobbo, Liana C., Stella Aslibekyan, Pascale Barberger-Gateau, Hannia Campos, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Luc Djoussé, Paul Franks, et al. "Abstract P357: Omega-3 Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Coronary Heart Disease: a Pooling Project of 17 Cohort Studies." Circulation 129, suppl_1 (March 25, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p357.
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Background: Recent trials have raised questions about the role of seafood-derived long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for prevention of CHD; and evidence linking intermediate-chain omega-3 fatty acids to CHD remains weak. Methods: We developed a global consortium of 17 prospective (cohort or nested case-control) and retrospective studies having circulating or tissue biomarker measures of eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic (DPA; 22:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3). Each study ascertained CHD risk, including total CHD, nonfatal MI, and/or fatal CHD. Associations of each omega-3 fatty acid biomarker with CHD were evaluated within each cohort using standardized models, exposures, outcomes, and covariates across studies. Omega-3 fatty acid levels were analyzed continuously (per SD) and categorically (quintiles), and study-specific estimates were centrally pooled using fixed effects meta-analysis. Results: Current findings (Oct 2013) were based on 13 of 17 participating studies, including 7105 total CHD, 4926 nonfatal MI, and 2466 fatal CHD events. In both continuous and categorical multivariable-adjusted analyses, each omega-3 biomarker was inversely associated with fatal CHD. For each 1 SD unit increment, ALA was associated with 9% lower risk [HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.84-0.99)]; EPA, with 8% lower risk [HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.85-1.00)]; DPA, with 8% lower risk [HR: 0.92 (0.87-0.98)]; and DHA, with 9% lower risk [HR: 0.91 (0.86-0.96)] (Figure). Associations with total CHD and nonfatal MI were generally weaker and non-significant, except for EPA and nonfatal MI [HR: 0.93 (0.89-0.98)] and DHA and nonfatal MI [HR: 0.95 (0.91-0.99)]. Conclusions: Based on all available studies from around the world, both long and intermediate-chain omega-3 fatty acids, measured using objective biomarkers, are associated with lower risk of fatal CHD. These findings support potential benefit of omega-3 fatty acids for reducing CHD death.
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McCusker, Megan R., Richard P. Bazinet, Adam H. Metherel, Roberta Yael Klein, Arjun Kundra, Benjamin Haibe-Kains, and Madeline Li. "Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Depression in Cancer Patients and Caregivers." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, no. 11 (October 13, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa156.
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ABSTRACT Background Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are known to have inflammatory effects. The inflammatory hypothesis of depression suggests that omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids might be negatively and positively correlated with depression, respectively. Objective An exploratory study was conducted to determine the association between dietary free fatty acids and depressive symptoms in cancer patients and caregivers. Methods Associations between depression and the NEFA pool were investigated in 56 cancer patients and 23 caregivers using a combination of nonparametric tests and regularized regression. Plasma NEFAs were measured using thin layer and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Depression was characterized both as a continuous severity score using the GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID Ham-D), and as a categorical diagnosis of major depression by structured clinical interview. Results Initial hypotheses regarding the relation between depression and omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids were not well supported. However, elaidic acid, a trans-unsaturated fatty acid found in hydrogenated vegetable oils, was found to be negatively correlated with continuous depression scores in cancer patients. No significant associations were found in caregivers. Conclusions An unexpected negative association between elaidic acid and depression was identified, supporting recent literature on the role of G protein–coupled receptors in depression. Further research is needed to confirm this result and to evaluate the potential role of G protein agonists as therapeutic agents for depression in cancer patients.
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Pérez-Sales, Pau, Raquel González-Rubio, Blanca Mellor-Marsá, and Gonzalo Martínez-Alés. "Beyond torture checklists: an exploratory study of the reliability and construct validity of the Torturing Environment Scale (TES)." BMC Public Health 21, no. 1 (February 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10384-w.
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Abstract Background Torture methods have traditionally been quantified using checklists. However, checklists fail to capture accurately both the almost infinite range of available methods of torture and the victims’ subjective experience. The Torturing Environment Scale (TES) was designed as a multidimensional alternative that groups torture methods according to the specific human function under attack. This study aims to do an exploratory assessment of the internal consistency reliability and discriminatory validity of the TES as part of a construct validity assessment in a sample of Basque torture survivors. Methods We applied the TES to a sample of 201 torture survivors from the Istanbul Protocol Project in the Basque Country Study (IPP-BC) to profile torturing environments in detention. To estimate the internal consistency reliability of the scale, categorical omega values were obtained for each subscale of the TES. To assess its discriminatory validity, the “known groups” method was used comparing mean scorings by gender, state security forces involved in the detention, and decade (the 1980s to the present) when the events took place. Results Men reported more physical pain, while women reported more attacks on self-identity and sexual integrity. The TES also showed significant differences as regards the security forces involved in the detention: Civil Guard (a militarised police) used more manipulation of the environment, threats, fear, pain and extreme pain, as compared to national and regional corps. Finally, although patterns of torture remained mostly unchanged across decades, more recent detentions included more emphasis on psychological attacks: context manipulation, humiliation linked to sexual identity, and attacks to meaning and identity. For all subscales of the TES, categorical omega values ranged from 0.44 to 0.72. Conclusion The TES may be a useful tool in profiling torturing environments. Its sensitivity to key contextual variables supports the discriminatory validity of the scale. While some of the subscales showed an acceptable degree of internal consistency, others require further analysis to improve reliability. The scale provides unique insights into the profile of contemporary torture. It will allow for future quantitative research on the relationship between different torturing environments and the medical and psychological consequences thereof.
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UZUN, Mehmet Erdem, Nazan KAYMAZ, Hakan AYLANC, Emel Sarı GÖKTEN, Hande ŞİRİN, and Fatih BATTAL. "Pre-conception folic acid intake and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children." European Research Journal, January 18, 2023, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18621/eurj.1129774.
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Objectives: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in children. It is thought to occur due to the interaction of many genetic and environmental factors during early development. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the etiology of ADHD. Some have investigated neurobiology, and others have investigated malnutrition and trace element deficiency. To investigate the effect of folic acid intake during the pre-conception period in terms of ADHD development. Methods: Five hundred and ninety-eight participants, 246 children with ADHD, and 352 healthy controls were enrolled. A questionnaire was completed, including socio-demographic information and the use of folic acid and other supplements such as a multivitamin, iron, and omega 3 during pregnancy. Data were examined to determine associations with ADHD. Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables, Pearson’s chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables were used to compare groups. Results: The use of folic acid during pre-pregnancy among mothers who had a child with ADHD was 13% and this was 31% in the control group (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups’ use of folic acid in pregnancy (p = 0.617). Other situations related to ADHD were advanced maternal age (p < 0.001 for both groups), abnormal double screening test results in pregnancy (27% vs. 5%, p < 0.001) and omega 3 use in pregnancy (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of folic acid before and during pregnancy is important for neurological development. However, there is little data on use before pregnancy in the literature. This study shows that folic acid taken before pregnancy may prevent ADHD in childhood. The present study recommends folic acid usage in planned pregnancy to prevent ADHD in the child.
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Wrona, Michal. "Local-to-Global Consistency Implies Tractability of Abduction." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 28, no. 1 (June 21, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v28i1.8861.
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Abduction is a form of nonmonotonic reasoning that looks for an explanation, built from a given set of hypotheses, for an observed manifestation according to some knowledge base. Following the concept behind the Schaefer's parametrization CSP(Gamma) of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP), we study here the complexity of the abduction problem Abduction(Gamma, Hyp, M) parametrized by certain (omega-categorical) infinite relational structures Gamma, Hyp, and M from which a knowledge base, hypotheses and a manifestation are built, respectively. We say that Gamma has local-to-global consistency if there is k such that establishing strong k-consistency on an instance of CSP(Gamma) yields a globally consistent (whose every solution may be obtained straightforwardly from partial solutions) set of constraints. In this case CSP(Gamma) is solvable in polynomial time. Our main contribution is an algorithm that under some natural conditions decides Abduction(Gamma, Hyp, M) in P when Gamma has local-to-global consistency. As we show in the number of examples, our approach offers an opportunity to consider abduction in the context of spatial and temporal reasoning (qualitative calculi such as Allen's interval algebra or RCC-5) and that our procedure solves some related abduction problems in polynomial time.
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Thöne, Ann-Kathrin, Michaela Junghänel, Anja Görtz-Dorten, Dieter Breuer, Teresa del Giudice, Charlotte Hanisch, Thomas Hennemann, and Manfred Döpfner. "Empirically based dimensions of externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: a multitrait-multisource approach." Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, June 28, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-022-09983-7.
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AbstractThe present study sought to refine knowledge about the structure underlying externalizing dimensions. From a “top-down” ICD/DSM-based perspective, externalizing symptoms can be categorized into attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). From a “bottom-up” developmental theory-based perspective, disruptive behaviors can be meaningfully described as aggressive (AGG) and rule-breaking (RB) behaviors. We analyzed five large data sets comprising externalizing symptom ratings obtained with a screening instrument using different sources (parents, teachers, self-ratings) from different samples. Using confirmatory factor analyses, we evaluated several factor models (unidimensional; correlated factors; bifactor (S-1) models) derived from an ICD/DSM- and theory-based perspective. Our optimally fitting models were assessed for measurement invariance across all sources, sample settings, and sex. Following several model-based criteria (model fit indices; factor loadings; omega statistics; model parsimony), we discarded our models stepwise and concluded that both the ICD/DSM-based model with three correlated factors (ADHD, ODD, CD) and the developmental theory-based model with three correlated factors (ADHD, AGG, RB) displayed a statistically sound factor structure and allowed for straightforward interpretability. Furthermore, these two models demonstrated metric invariance across all five samples and across sample settings (community, clinical), as well as scalar invariance across sources and sex. While the dimensions AGG and RB may depict a more empirically coherent view than the categorical perspective of ODD and CD, at this point we cannot clearly determine whether one perspective really outperforms the other. Implications for model selection according to our model-based criteria and clinical research are discussed.
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Streich, Kathleen, Christiane S. Hartog, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek, Norman Rose, Anna Bichmann, Miriam Kesselmeier, Fridtjof Schiefenhövel, Malte Schmieding, and Sebastian Born. "Psychometric properties of the Reintegration to Normal Living Index for sepsis survivors." Quality of Life Research, March 30, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-023-03403-3.
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Abstract Purpose Return to a normal state of living is a key patient-relevant outcome for sepsis survivors. The Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI) assesses self-perceived participation in patients with chronic disease, but its psychometric properties have been analyzed neither for patients after sepsis nor in a German patient cohort. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the German version of the RNLI in sepsis survivors. Methods In a prospective multicenter survey study, 287 sepsis survivors were interviewed 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. Multiple-group categorical confirmatory factor analyses with three competing models were used to explore the factor structure of the RNLI. Concurrent validity was evaluated in relation to the EQ-5D-3L and the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Results Regarding structural validity, all models showed an acceptable model fit. Because of high correlation between the latent variables in the two-factor models (up to r = 0.969) and for reason of parsimony, we opted for the common factor model to analyze the concurrent validity. Our analyses showed moderate positive correlations between RNLI score and ADL score (r ≥ 0.630), EQ-5D-3L visual analogue scale (r ≥ 0.656) and EQ-5D-3L utility score (r ≥ 0.548). The reliability assessed by McDonald’s Omega was 0.94. Conclusion We found convincing evidence for good reliability, structural and concurrent validity of the RNLI in German sepsis survivors. We propose to use the RNLI in addition to generic health-related quality of life measures to assess the reintegration to normal living after sepsis.
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Ong, Kwok Leung, Matti Marklund, Liping Huang, Kerry-Anne Rye, Nicholas Hui, Xiong-Fei Pan, Casey M. Rebholz, et al. "Association of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with incident chronic kidney disease: pooled analysis of 19 cohorts." BMJ, January 18, 2023, e072909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-072909.
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Abstract Objective To assess the prospective associations of circulating levels of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) biomarkers (including plant derived α linolenic acid and seafood derived eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Design Pooled analysis. Data sources A consortium of 19 studies from 12 countries identified up to May 2020. Study selection Prospective studies with measured n-3 PUFA biomarker data and incident CKD based on estimated glomerular filtration rate. Data extraction and synthesis Each participating cohort conducted de novo analysis with prespecified and consistent exposures, outcomes, covariates, and models. The results were pooled across cohorts using inverse variance weighted meta-analysis. Main outcome measures Primary outcome of incident CKD was defined as new onset estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . In a sensitivity analysis, incident CKD was defined as new onset estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and <75% of baseline rate. Results 25 570 participants were included in the primary outcome analysis and 4944 (19.3%) developed incident CKD during follow-up (weighted median 11.3 years). In multivariable adjusted models, higher levels of total seafood n-3 PUFAs were associated with a lower incident CKD risk (relative risk per interquintile range 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.98; P=0.009, I 2 =9.9%). In categorical analyses, participants with total seafood n-3 PUFA level in the highest fifth had 13% lower risk of incident CKD compared with those in the lowest fifth (0.87, 0.80 to 0.96; P=0.005, I 2 =0.0%). Plant derived α linolenic acid levels were not associated with incident CKD (1.00, 0.94 to 1.06; P=0.94, I 2 =5.8%). Similar results were obtained in the sensitivity analysis. The association appeared consistent across subgroups by age (≥60 v <60 years), estimated glomerular filtration rate (60-89 v ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ), hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease at baseline. Conclusions Higher seafood derived n-3 PUFA levels were associated with lower risk of incident CKD, although this association was not found for plant derived n-3 PUFAs. These results support a favourable role for seafood derived n-3 PUFAs in preventing CKD.