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Kobe, Helena, Matevž Štimec, Cirila Hlastan Ribič, and Nataša Fidler Mis. "Food intake in Slovenian adolescents and adherence to the Optimized Mixed Diet: a nationally representative study." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 4 (October 24, 2011): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002631.
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AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the food intake of Slovenian adolescents and to compare it with food-based dietary guidelines developed for children and adolescents, named the Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD). The OMD is a useful tool for the evaluation of food intake of adolescents.DesignAll adolescents completed an FFQ at a regional health centre; a subgroup also completed a 3 d weighed dietary protocol at home.SettingThis study is a part of the first national representative study on the dietary habits of Slovenian adolescents.SubjectsThis cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 2813 Slovenian adolescents entering high school, aged 14–17 years, from all ten geographical regions of Slovenia.ResultsThe greatest deviations from the recommended intakes of the main food groups in the OMD were significantly lower intakes of (P < 0·001, mean): vegetables (179 and 163 g/d in boys and girls, respectively), bread/cereals (271 and 226 g/d), potatoes/rice/pasta (212 and 163 g/d); in boys also a significantly lower intake of fruits (mean: 321 g/d, P < 0·001) and a significantly higher intake of meat/meat products (mean: 126 g/d, P < 0·001). Additionally, the results show too high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and too low intakes of fish and plant oils in both genders.ConclusionsThe food intake pattern of Slovenian adolescents deviates markedly from a healthy eating pattern. Nutrition education and interventions are needed for Slovenian adolescents.
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Silva, Regina Oliveira da, Roseane Pinto Martins de Oliveira, André Ferreira Silva, Franklyn Ferreira de Oliveira, João Paulo Ferreira Rufino, and Márcia Lorena Monteiro da Silva. "Effect of different protocols for estrus synchronization on reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes under Amazon environmental conditions." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 43 (August 19, 2020): e48954. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.48954.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different hormonal protocols on the reproductive performance of Santa Inês ewes in Amazon environmental conditions. Twenty-two Santa Inês ewes between 3 and 4 years-old were distributed in a randomized block experimental design, where the treatments consisted of two protocols for estrus synchronization (short and long) with eleven animals each. Data on the occurrence of estrus were described for each protocol. Data of estrus, pregnancy, and prolificity were firstly subjected to ANOVA and a subsequent Tukey’s test. Results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. The short-term protocol presented an interesting successful rate, where above 70% ewes tested had estrus. The long-term protocol also achieved a high successful rate, where above 80% ewes tested had estrus. However, comparing the protocols, the long-term protocol presented better results of positive estrus and pregnancy rates in ewes. Thus, it can be concluded that both protocols presented satisfactory results regarding estrus manifestation, and prolificity (lambs produced per ewe). However, under Amazon environmental conditions, the long-term protocol presented better results regarding positive manifestation of estrus and pregnancy rate.
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Magi, Lucas Henrique Ribeiro, Isabela Lara Damião, Mylla Cristina Freitas Morais, Richarlla Aparecida Buscariol Silva, Sofia Regina Polizelle, and Danila Fernanda Rodrigues Frias. "EFEITO DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE INDUÇÃO À PUBERDADE SOBRE A RESPOSTA REPRODUTIVA EM NOVILHAS NELORE." Nativa 8, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v8i5.10921.
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Analisou-se a influência de diferentes protocolos de indução de puberdade em novilhas Nelore por meio da avaliação de dados referentes a 1528 animais relacionados ao resultado da avaliação ginecológica antes da realização do protocolo de indução, escore de condição corporal (ECC), peso médio e idade, protocolo de indução utilizado e resultado do diagnóstico de gestação. Após a tabulação dos dados foram realizadas análises estatísticas por meio do teste de Qui-Quadrado. Com relação ao ECC, 100% das fêmeas foram classificadas entre 3 e 3,5. Quanto a idade e peso, 30,9% possuíam em média 14 meses e pesavam cerca de 270 kg, e 69,1% cerca de 20 meses com peso médio de 320 kg. As novilhas que passaram por protocolo de indução apresentaram 8,3% a mais na taxa de prenhez. O protocolo que utilizou apenas progesterona injetável (P4) de longa ação apresentou os mesmos resultados do tratamento com dispositivo intravaginal reutilizável associado ao cipionato de estradiol. Conclui-se que a progesterona é eficaz para indução de puberdade em novilhas a partir dos 14 meses de idade com peso médio de 270kg, além disso, a utilização da P4 injetável pode ser uma alternativa eficaz para uso como protocolo de indução de novilhas pré-puberes. Palavras-chave: indução de ovulação; progesterona; taxa de concepção; tratamento hormonal. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PUBERTY-INDUCTION METHODS ON REPRODUCTIVE RESPONSE IN NELLORE HEIFERS ABSTRACT: Examines the influence of different puberty induction protocols in Nellore heifers. Data referring to 1528 Nellore heifers related to the result of gynecological evaluation before the induction protocol; body condition score (BCS); average heifer weight and age; induction protocol used; and result of pregnancy diagnosis. After data tabulation, statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-Square test. For BCS, 100% of the females were classified between 3 and 3.5. In terms of age and weight, 30.9% had an average age of 14 months and weighed approximately 270 kg, whereas 69.1% were around 20 months old, with an average weight of 320 kg. Heifers that underwent an induction protocol showed an 8.3% higher pregnancy rate. The protocol that involved only long-acting injectable progesterone (P4) provided the same results as the treatment with the reusable intravaginal device associated with estradiol cypionate. In conclusion, progesterone is effective for inducing puberty in Nellore heifers from 14 months of age with an average weight of 270 kg. in addition, the use of injectable P4 can be an effective alternative as an induction protocol for prepubertal Nellore heifers. Keywords: conception rate; hormonal treatment; ovulation induction; progesterone.
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Allman, Brian L., and Charles L. Rice. "An age-related shift in the force-frequency relationship affects quadriceps fatigability in old adults." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 3 (March 2004): 1026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00991.2003.
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We examined the effect of an age-related leftward shift in the force-frequency relationship on the comparative quadriceps fatigability of nine young (27 ± 1 yr old) and nine old men (78 ± 1 yr old) during low-frequency electrical stimulation. Two different protocols of intermittent trains (6 pulses on, 650 ms off) of electrical stimulation at 25% maximum voluntary contraction were performed by both groups: 1) 180 trains at 14.3 Hz [constant frequency (CF) protocol], and 2) 180 trains at the frequency corresponding to 60% of each subject's force-frequency curve [normalized frequency (NF) protocol; young 14.9 ± 0.4 vs. old 12.7 ± 0.5 Hz; P < 0.05]. The quadriceps of the old men were weaker (∼31%) and relaxation was slower compared with the young men, as assessed by the maximal relaxation rate constant of the 50-Hz tetanus (young 12.1 ± 0.2 vs. old 9.2 ± 0.5 s-1; P < 0.05) and a leftward shift in the force-frequency relationship. The NF protocol revealed a decreased fatigability in the quadriceps with old age (percentage of 1st contraction force remaining at 180th: old 63.4 ± 1.5 vs. young 58.2 ± 1.7%; P < 0.05) that was masked during the CF protocol (old 60.7 ± 1.6 vs. young 58.6 ± 2.3%; P > 0.05). Irrespective of the protocol, the maximal relaxation rate was reduced to ∼73 and ∼57% of the prefatigue value in the young and old men, respectively. The age-related leftward shift in the force-frequency relationship of the quadriceps contributed to an underestimation of the fatigue resistance with old age during the CF protocol. However, when the stimulation frequency used in the NF protocol was adjusted to account for the age-related shift in the force-frequency relationship, the quadriceps muscles of the old men were less fatigable than those of the young men. Thus we suggest that whole muscle fatigability is better examined by electrical stimulation protocols that are adjusted for inter- and intragroup differences in the force-frequency relationship.
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Yang, Yunqi, and Rui Zhang. "High Efficiency Secure Channels for a Secure Multiparty Computation Protocol Based on Signal." Security and Communication Networks 2023 (April 19, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7123175.
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Secure multiparty computation (MPC) requires the messages transmitted in secure channels which can provide encryption and authorization to the messages. To implement a secure channel for MPC protocols, researchers have tried some communication protocols, such as TLS and Noise. However, these methods have some limitations. These protocols need a trusted certification authority to provide identity authorization which is difficult for an MPC protocol, and how participants manage the key of each party and how to use the key to establish communication is also a problem. A Signal protocol is an end-to-end encryption communication protocol, which is known as the most secure communication protocol in the world. Based on the Signal protocol, we implemented a signal-based secure multiparty computation protocol, which can run the MPC protocol and transmit messages through a signal-based secure channel. Compared with previous research on the MPC protocol over Signal secure channels, the new MPC client adds group communication of the Signal protocol to transmit messages, which significantly improves the communication efficiency of broadcast messages of MPC protocols. To test the communication efficiency of the new MPC client, we implemented a concrete BLS threshold signature protocol on the new client, comparing the elapsed time of key generation and signing on the new client to that on the client only using Signal end-to-end communication. According to our experiment result, we found that the new client run at least 37.48% faster than the old client on the BLS threshold signature whose number of parties ranges from 3 to 5, if the parties have sent Signal group messages to each other. The more parties in the MPC protocol, the higher the proportion of broadcast messages and the more obvious the performance improvement of the new client. Our work improves the performance of MPC secure channels based on the Signal protocol, especially for complex MPC protocols with many participants.
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Rajendra, Akhil, Hasmukh Jain, V. N. Avinash Bonda, Lingaraj Nayak, Prashant Tembhare, Dhanlaxmi Shetty, Jayashree Thorat, et al. "Outcomes and prognostic factors in adolescents and young adults with ALL treated with a modified BFM-90 protocol." Blood Advances 5, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 1178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003526.
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Abstract The use of pediatrics-inspired protocols in adolescent and young adult (AYA) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) results in superior survival compared with the adult protocols. Pediatrics-inspired protocols carry an increased risk of toxicity and treatment-related mortality in low resource settings, which can offset the potential benefits. We studied the outcomes and prognostic factors in the treatment of AYA ALL with a pediatrics-inspired regimen. We retrieved data regarding demographics, investigations, treatment details, and toxicities from the electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with ALL in the 15- to 25-year-old age group who were initiated on a modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster 90 (BFM-90) protocol between January 2013 and December 2016 at the Tata Memorial Centre. A total of 349 patients in the 15- to 25-year-old age group were treated with a modified BFM-90 protocol. The use of this pediatrics-inspired protocol resulted in a 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of 59.4% and 61.8%, respectively. Only 15 patients underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Minimal residual disease (MRD) persistence postinduction emerged as the only factor predictive of poor outcomes. A modified BFM-90 protocol is an effective and safe regimen for AYA ALL with an OS and EFS comparable to the published literature.
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Muhammad Shahzaib Saeed. "Survey of Network Protocols." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 3, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2019.030273.
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IPv4 is the network protocols of the present Internet, which is characterized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Network protocols characterize guidelines, polices and traditions for communication between system devices. Every advanced protocol for computer organization utilizer a packet switching system to send and get the message. The protocols are intended to conquer the activities of any enemy that can lose the sent message, discretionarily change the fields of the sent message, and replay old messages. In the web, the colossal measure of information and the immense number of various protocols makes it perfect as a high-bandwidth speed vehicle for undercover communication. This article is an overview of the current methods for making the covert channels. Weadditionally gave a diagram of wide kinds of network protocol.
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Mohagheghi, Arash, Shahrokh Amiri, Nafiseh Moghaddasi Bonab, Gholamreza Chalabianloo, Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar, Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei, and Sara Farhang. "A Randomized Trial of Comparing the Efficacy of Two Neurofeedback Protocols for Treatment of Clinical and Cognitive Symptoms of ADHD: Theta Suppression/Beta Enhancement and Theta Suppression/Alpha Enhancement." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3513281.
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Introduction. Neurofeedback (NF) is an adjuvant or alternative therapy for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study intended to compare the efficacy of two different NF protocols on clinical and cognitive symptoms of ADHD. Materials and Methods. In this clinical trial, sixty children with ADHD aged 7 to 10 years old were randomly grouped to receive two different NF treatments (theta suppression/beta enhancement protocol and theta suppression/alpha enhancement protocol). Clinical and cognitive assessments were conducted prior to and following the treatment and also after an eight-week follow-up. Results. Both protocols alleviated the symptoms of ADHD in general (p<0.001), hyperactivity (p<0.001), inattention (p<0.001), and omission errors (p<0.001); however, they did not affect the oppositional and impulsive scales nor commission errors. These effects were maintained after an eight-week intervention-free period. The only significant difference between the two NF protocols was that high-frequency alpha enhancement protocol performed better in suppressing omission errors (p<0.001). Conclusion. The two NF protocols with theta suppression/beta enhancement and theta suppression/alpha enhancement have considerable and comparable effect on clinical symptoms of ADHD. Alpha enhancement protocol was more effective in suppressing omission errors.
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Chalasani Srinivas, Dr, Dr Srinivas Malladi, and . "A Light Protocol for Tracking Secure Stuff for the Internet of Things." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.32 (May 31, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.32.15384.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing in the web of an age-old IPv6 address for Internet connections and messages that arise between these and other devices and systems that work with the Internet. It is equipped with the unique ID and data transfer capability through the network. Among other things, tracking and tracking online travel is a major issue. Although there are many tracking techniques for moving objects, many are at risk. So there is a need for tracking the safety of an object Safety protocols should provide visibility and tracking of street objects in support of the Internet (IoT). This protocol is based on the RFID Identity System for IoT Objects. Existing ones do not provide authentication of sites that lead to fakes. Great use of energy. The proposed protocol improves road safety tracking using the base protocol light and SPDL. The requested protocol is intended to ensure accuracy, accuracy, confidentiality and encryption. To ensure safe monitoring of objects, the requested protocols use cryptic primitives that use HMAC concepts that are used to authenticate an object. This protocol introduction relies on code authentication code (CMC), which is used to reduce power consumption at low cost. The testing of a test network evaluates protocol implementation and is found to be safer and requires less calculation than existing protocols.
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Chalasani Srinivas, Dr, and Dr Srinivas Malladi. "A light protocol for tracking secure stuff for the internet of things." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (July 11, 2018): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11254.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing in the web of an age-old IPv6 address for Internet connections and messages that arise between these and other devices and systems that work with the Internet. It is equipped with the unique ID and data transfer capability through the network. Among other things, tracking and tracking online travel is a major issue. Although there are many tracking techniques for moving objects, many are at risk. So there is a need for tracking the safety of an object Safety protocols should provide visibility and tracking of street objects in support of the Internet (IoT). This protocol is based on the RFID Identity System for IoT Objects. Existing ones do not provide authentication of sites that lead to fakes. Great use of energy. The proposed protocol improves road safety tracking using the base protocol light and SPDL. The requested protocol is intended to ensure accuracy, accuracy, confidentiality and encryption. To ensure safe monitoring of objects, the requested protocols use cryptic primitives that use HMAC concepts that are used to authenticate an object. This protocol introduction relies on code authentication code (CMC), which is used to reduce power consumption at low cost. The testing of a test network evaluates protocol implementation and is found to be safer and requires less calculation than existing protocols.
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Dragún, M., G. Dóka, M. Máťuš, P. Křenek, and J. Klimas. "Deteriorated gene expression of selected calcium transporters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic hearts of Wistar rats." European Pharmaceutical Journal 65, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2018-0005.
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Abstract Aim: The aim is to identify the possible changes in the expression of genes, that regulate calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes in diabetes mellitus. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomized into two experimental protocols: short-term 5-days streptozotocin-induced diabetes protocol with 20 weeks old animals at the end of the protocol (total N = 20) and long-term 4-weeks protocol with 18 weeks of age at the end of the protocol (total N = 38). 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) was administered in both protocols by a single intraperitoneal injection in 0,1M citrate buffer (pH = 4.5). Control group (CON) received only vehiculum. Gene expressions in samples of left heart ventricle were measured by RT-qPCR method. Results: The expression of SERCA2a in short-term protocol was decreased. In long-term protocol, decreased SERCA2a, TRPC4 and TRPC6 mRNA levels were observed (*p < 0.05). SERCA2a and TRPC4 mRNA levels exhibited statistical monotonic correlation in STZ-treated group in long-term protocol. Conclusions: In diabetes mellitus, the calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes is altered and there could be a relation between alteration of internal sarcoplasmatic stores and store-operated calcium entry.
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Yu, Zhuo. "The Improved Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol Based on Grover Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2209, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2209/1/012031.
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Abstract Quantum secret sharing(QSS) is a cryptographic protocol based on the uncertainty principle and quantum no-cloning theorem and is an essential aspect in quantum computing. This paper describes the Grover search algorithm and how to improve QSS protocol by Grover Algorithm. The QSS based on the Grover algorithm is more secure and easier to operate compared to old QSS protocols. Some scientists improved the security of the first QSS protocol based on QSA by changing the check mode. After that, a protocol with quite different procedures was proposed. The improved one enhances the feasibility of the protocol and it could also make sure that the communication is secure from the attacks.
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Aseri, Trilok C., and Neha Singla. "Enhanced Security Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2011.2.2168.
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The need for security in communications is in fact not new. This need has existed in military communications for thousands of years. In this paper, we focus on network protocols that provide security services. Wireless sensor network is an emerging technology that shows applications both for public as well as military purposes. Monitoring is one of the main applications. A large amount of redundant data is generated by sensor nodes. This paper compares all the protocols which are designed for security of wireless sensor network on the basis of security services and propose an improved protocol that reduces communication overhead by removing data redundancy from the network. By using the message sequence number we can check whether it is old message or new message. If the message is old then no need to send that message thereby reducing overhead. It also integrates security by data freshness in the protocol.
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Bernardes Neto, Saint Clair Gomes, Rodrigo Torres-Castro, Íllia Lima, Vanessa R. Resqueti, and Guilherme A. F. Fregonezi. "Weaning from mechanical ventilation in people with neuromuscular disease: a systematic review." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e047449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047449.
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ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed in assessing the effects of different weaning protocols in people with neuromuscular disease (NMD) receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, identifying which protocol is the best and how different protocols can affect weaning outcome success, duration of weaning, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay and mortality.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesElectronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched from January 2009 to August 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCT that evaluated patients with NMD (adults and children from 5 years old) in the weaning process managed with a protocol (pressure support ventilation; synchronised intermittent mandatory ventilation; continuous positive airway pressure; ‘T’ piece).Primary outcomeWeaning success.Secondary outcomesWeaning duration, ICU stay, hospital stay, ICU mortality, complications (pneumothorax, ventilation-associated pneumonia).Data extraction and synthesisTwo review authors assessed the titles and the abstracts for inclusion and reviewed the full texts independently.ResultsWe found no studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria.ConclusionsThe absence of studies about different weaning protocols for patients with NMD does not allow concluding the superiority of any specific weaning protocol for patients with NMD or determining the impact of different types of protocols on other outcomes. The result of this review encourages further studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019117393.
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Dylus, David, Yannis Nevers, Adrian M. Altenhoff, Antoine Gürtler, Christophe Dessimoz, and Natasha M. Glover. "How to build phylogenetic species trees with OMA." F1000Research 9 (February 28, 2022): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23790.2.
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Knowledge of species phylogeny is critical to many fields of biology. In an era of genome data availability, the most common way to make a phylogenetic species tree is by using multiple protein-coding genes, conserved in multiple species. This methodology is composed of several steps: orthology inference, multiple sequence alignment and inference of the phylogeny with dedicated tools. This can be a difficult task, and orthology inference, in particular, is usually computationally intensive and error prone if done ad hoc. This tutorial provides protocols to make use of OMA Orthologous Groups, a set of genes all orthologous to each other, to infer a phylogenetic species tree. It is designed to be user-friendly and computationally inexpensive, by providing two options: (1) Using only precomputed groups with species available on the OMA Browser, or (2) Computing orthologs using OMA Standalone for additional species, with the option of using precomputed orthology relations for those present in OMA. A protocol for downstream analyses is provided as well, including creating a supermatrix, tree inference, and visualization. All protocols use publicly available software, and we provide scripts and code snippets to facilitate data handling. The protocols are accompanied with practical examples.
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Dylus, David, Yannis Nevers, Adrian M. Altenhoff, Antoine Gürtler, Christophe Dessimoz, and Natasha M. Glover. "How to build phylogenetic species trees with OMA." F1000Research 9 (June 4, 2020): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23790.1.
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Knowledge of species phylogeny is critical to many fields of biology. In an era of genome data availability, the most common way to make a phylogenetic species tree is by using multiple protein-coding genes, conserved in multiple species. This methodology is composed of several steps: orthology inference, multiple sequence alignment and inference of the phylogeny with dedicated tools. This can be a difficult task, and orthology inference, in particular, is usually computationally intensive and error prone if done ad hoc. This tutorial provides protocols to make use of OMA Orthologous Groups, a set of genes all orthologous to each other, to infer a phylogenetic species tree. It is designed to be user-friendly and computationally inexpensive, by providing two options: (1) Using only precomputed groups with species available on the OMA Browser, or (2) Computing orthologs using OMA Standalone for additional species, with the option of using precomputed orthology relations for those present in OMA. A protocol for downstream analyses is provided as well, including creating a supermatrix, tree inference, and visualization. All protocols use publicly available software, and we provide scripts and code snippets to facilitate data handling. The protocols are accompanied with practical examples.
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Mazzafera, Bernadete Lema, and Claudia Regina Furquim de Andrade. "Elaboração e Análise de Textos Científcos: Proposição de Protocolo." Revista de Ensino, Educação e Ciências Humanas 19, no. 1 (April 18, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8733.2018v19n1p59-65.
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Alguns critérios têm sido defnidos como essenciais para garantir a qualidade dos trabalhos publicados, em todas as áreas do conhecimento. A Fonoaudiologia, apesar de ser uma ciência com cerca de 70 anos, tem apresentado uma taxa de crescimento razoável, no Brasil, quando comparada a outras ciências. Este estudo teve como objetivo explorar os elementos, citados pelos autores, como essenciais para garantir a qualidade dos trabalhos publicados, visando a elaboração de um protocolo para análise de textos de pesquisa na área da fonoaudiologia. Para responder ao objetivo proposto, em um primeiro momento foram elaborados dois protocolos pilotos: um para o delineamento de pesquisas qualitativas e um para o delineamento de pesquisas quantitativas, a partir do resultado da elaboração e aplicação dos mesmos, foram estabelecidos novos critérios defnidos com maior objetividade, para serem usados na elaboração de um protocolo, que visasse explorar as pesquisas de abordagem quantitativa na área da saúde. Para isso foram compiladas as defnições e propostas de diversos autores presentes no referencial teórico do estudo. A pesquisa realizada resultou em um protocolo composto por 12 itens e 60 subitens. Acredita-se que o protocolo sugerido possa ser utilizado para elaborar e avaliar trabalhos científcos de abordagem quantitativa a serem utilizados por docentes, discentes e profssionais da área como forma de garantir a qualidade da produção científca publicada em fonoaudiologia e em outras áreas.Palavras-chave: Ciência. Ensino. Critérios. Pesquisa. FonoaudiologiaAbstractSome criteria have been defned as essential to guarantee the quality of published works in all areas of knowledge. Speech therapy, despite being a science about 70 years old, has presented a reasonable growth rate in Brazil when compared to other sciences. This study aimed to explore the elements cited by the authors as essential to guarantee the quality of the published works, aiming at the elaboration of a protocol for the analysis of research texts in the feld of speech and hearing pathology. In order to respond to the proposed objective, two pilot protocols were frst developed: one for the delineation of qualitative researches and one for the design of quantitative researches, from the result of the elaboration and application of the same, new criteria defned with greater objectivity were established to be used in the elaboration of a protocol that aims to explore the researches of quantitative approach in the health area. For this, the defnitions and proposals of several authors present in the theoretical framework of the study were compiled. The research resulted in a protocol composed of 12 items and 60 subitems. It is believed that the suggested protocol can be used to elaborate and evaluate scientifc works of quantitative approach to be used by teachers, students and professionals of the area as a way of guaranteeing the quality of the scientifc production ublished in speech therapy and in other areas.Keywords: Science. Teaching. Criteria. Search. Speech therapy.
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Iqbal Khan, Muhammad Zafar, Kamarularifin Abd Jalil, and Mohd Faisal Ibrahim. "Efficient Energy Optimization Routing for WSN Based on Even-Odd Scheduling." Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (March 28, 2022): 1343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.2.27.
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Several routing protocols are being developed and used to develop energy-efficient wireless sensor networks. The necessity of saving energy is the need for technology as well as the scarcity of conventional energy. The wireless sensor nodes are run on battery power with energy limitations; therefore, this study needs to develop wireless sensor networks that can be kept alive for a longer period. From a computer science point of view, a routing mechanism can help in the improvement of the network. This research aims to design and develop a routing protocol that utilizes less energy and keeps sensor networks alive for longer period while using limited energy. An efficient and intelligent even-odd scheduling-based routing protocol influenced by LEACH has been proposed to achieve this goal. During transmission, this protocol alternatively considers evenly or oddly indexed nodes. The concept in this approach is to keep the node into consideration when it is ready to send data and when it is in the queue. Any node that is not in the queue or does not have data will not consume any significant energy, and thus the whole network conserves energy after each transmission round.
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Alves, Marta, Liane Daudt, Karina L. M. Mazzucco, Adriano Taniguchi, Tiago Nava, Fabio L. Moreno, Alice Gonzalez, and Lucia Silla. "Is It Better to Treat Adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia as Old Children or as Young Adults?" Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 3968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3968.3968.
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Abstract PURPOSE: To compare pediatric and adult therapeutic practices in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1997 to December 2007, 34 and 11 adolescents (10 to 20 years of age) were treated according to German pediatric BFM 90 and 95 and adult BFM 84 protocols, respectively. Age, B/T lineage, WBC count, complete remission, cytogenetics, and response to steroids were analyzed. Age, B/T lineage and WBC count were similar. Poor risk-cytogenetics (t (9;22),t(4;11) and hypodiploidy less than 45 chromosomes were present only in BFM 90 and 95 group. Among the different prognostic factors, we retrospectively analyzed the effect of the trial on achieving overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). RESULTS: OS in 10 years and EFS was, respectively, 68.6% and 68.7% for the pediatric protocol and 31.4% and 21.6% for the adult protocol. CONCLUSION: This study’s findings were similar to others in USA, UK, France, Italy and Holland that clearly demonstrate that current pediatric regimens are more effective for adolescents and may contribute to indicate that adolescents should be included in intensive pediatric protocols. Keywords: leukemia, survival, adolescent.
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Li, Suoping, Tongtong Jia, Hailing Yang, Ruiman Gao, and Qian Yang. "SWIPT Cooperative Protocol for Improving the Communication Quality of Cell-Edge Users in NOMA Network and Its Performance Analysis." Electronics 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2023): 3583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173583.
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To solve the problems of complex energy supply and poor communication effect of cell-edge users, combining the advantages of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and collaborative non-orthogonal multiple access (CNOMA), two novel protocols are proposed. By employing the PS and TS strategies in SWIPT, respectively, two protocols are named: SWIPT-CNOMA-PS and SWIPT-CNOMA-TS. Based on the protocols, a new method for selecting relays is first established by considering two factors—energy state and channel condition. To further improve energy efficiency, the relay harvests the energy of the signal sent by the source and stores it. We establish a one-dimensional Markov chain with the energy state as the system state to analyze the variation of the relay energy. Exploiting the conservation equation, the probability of energy sufficiency of the node and outage probabilities of users are derived. Finally, the impact of the energy threshold and the number of relays on the outage probability of users is revealed. The protocol in this paper shows better performance than the OMA protocol when the transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is less than 14 dB and the protocol in the literature when the transmit SNR is less than 11 dB.
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Ondes Bayar, Ozlem, Refik Bademci, Ulas Sozener, Acar Tuzuner, and Kaan Karayalcin. "ERAS Protocol in Major Liver Resection." Medical Journal of Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital 29, no. 3 (December 18, 2013): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5222/otd.2013.135.
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Behera, Sapan Kumar, Sandhiya Selvarajan, Jerene Mathews, Chandana Shajil, Saibal Das, Malathi Munisamy, and Alphienes Stanley Xavier. "A Novel Desensitization Protocol for Infliximab Hypersensitivity in a 13-Year Old Patient with Pustular Psoriasis." Current Drug Safety 14, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574886314666190119115632.
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Background: Drug hypersensitivity reactions to infliximab have been reported in pediatric patients. At times, these patients may need infliximab administration in spite of hypersensitivity. However, only a few reports of desensitization protocols are available in the literature in pediatric patients. Case Report:We report a case of immediate hypersensitivity reaction to intravenous infliximab in a 13-year-old child suffering from pustular psoriasis who eventually underwent a 14 step desensitization protocol for the administration of infliximab in a pediatric intensive care unit. Results and Conclusion:Although our desensitization protocol was safe and effective, we recommend the entire desensitization procedure to be performed under the supervision of experienced personnel in a pediatric intensive care unit. Future studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings.
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Pan, Yuanlong, Joseph A. Araujo, Joey Burrows, Christina de Rivera, Asa Gore, Sandeep Bhatnagar, and Norton W. Milgram. "Cognitive enhancement in middle-aged and old cats with dietary supplementation with a nutrient blend containing fish oil, B vitamins, antioxidants and arginine." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 1 (December 5, 2012): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512004771.
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Cognitive dysfunction syndrome is a major disease affecting old cats and is the consequence of severe and irreversible loss of brain cells and brain atrophy. The present study focused on the hypothesis that the optimal strategy for promoting successful brain ageing is to target risk factors associated with brain ageing and dementia. We used a nutritional strategy involving supplementation with a blend of nutrients (antioxidants, arginine, B vitamins and fish oil) to test this hypothesis. Middle-aged and old cats between 5·5 and 8·7 years of age were assigned to cognitively equivalent control or treatment groups based on prior cognitive experience and performance on baseline cognitive tests. The cats in the treatment group were maintained on a diet supplemented with the nutrient blend and the cats in the control group were maintained on the identical base diet without the additional supplementation. After an initial wash-in period, all cats were tested on a battery of cognitive test protocols. The cats fed the test diet showed significantly better performance on three of four test protocols: a protocol assessing egocentric learning, a protocol assessing discrimination and reversal learning and a protocol focused on acquisition of a spatial memory task. The results support the hypothesis that brain function of middle-aged and old cats can be improved by the nutrient blend that was selected to minimise or eliminate the risk factors associated with brain ageing and dementia.
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Breslin, Casey M., and Mary E. Rudisill. "Relationships Among Assessment Time, Time on Task, and Motor Skill Performance in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 30, no. 4 (October 2013): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.30.4.338.
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Twenty-two children (age range of 3.5–10.92 years old) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development (Second Edition; TGMD-2) using three different protocols. The total duration of assessment time and the percentage of time engaged in on-task behavior during the assessments were measured and analyzed using within-subjects repeated measure ANOVA designs to compare performance across the three protocols. Significant differences emerged across the duration of assessment time by assessment protocol, while no significant differences emerged for time on-task during the assessments by protocol used. In addition, correlations were calculated between the TGMD-2 scores and the duration of assessment time and the percentage of time on-task. An inverse relationship was found between TGMD-2 scores and total duration of assessment time by protocol used, (r = .726, .575, .686), while a positive relationship was found between the TGMD-2 scores and time on-task (r = -.570, -.535, -.798). These results suggest a direct relationship between skill proficiency and contextually appropriate behaviors.
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Conceição, Matheus, Eduardo Lusa Cadore, Miriam González-Izal, Mikel Izquierdo, Giane Veiga Liedtke, Eurico Nestor Wilhelm, Ronei Silveira Pinto, et al. "Strength Training Prior to Endurance Exercise: Impact on the Neuromuscular System, Endurance Performance and Cardiorespiratory Responses." Journal of Human Kinetics 44, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0123.
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Abstract This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of two strength-training protocols on the neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory responses during endurance exercise. Thirteen young males (23.2 ± 1.6 years old) participated in this study. The hypertrophic strength-training protocol was composed of 6 sets of 8 squats at 75% of maximal dynamic strength. The plyometric strength-training protocol was composed of 6 sets of 8 jumps performed with the body weight as the workload. Endurance exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer at a power corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold until exhaustion. Before and after each protocol, a maximal voluntary contraction was performed, and the rate of force development and electromyographic parameters were assessed. After the hypertrophic strengthtraining and plyometric strength-training protocol, significant decreases were observed in the maximal voluntary contraction and rate of force development, whereas no changes were observed in the electromyographic parameters. Oxygen uptake and a heart rate during endurance exercise were not significantly different among the protocols. However, the time-to-exhaustion was significantly higher during endurance exercise alone than when performed after hypertrophic strength-training or plyometric strength-training (p <0.05). These results suggest that endurance performance may be impaired when preceded by strength-training, with no oxygen uptake or heart rate changes during the exercise.
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Lutfi, Forat, Rohit Boshnoi, Vikas Patel, Aisha Alfasi, Michael Setteducato, Shuyao Zhang, Chintan Shah, et al. "Bleeding and Thrombotic Risk in Low Dose Heparin Infusion As Compared to Standard Dose Heparin Infusion." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110232.
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Abstract Introduction: At our institution, therapeutic use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) is administered by standard (target anti-Xa activity level 0.30 to 0.70 IU/mL) and low intensity (target anti-Xa activity level 0.25 to 0.35 IU/mL) protocols. In patients deemed high-risk for hemorrhage, the low intensity protocol is often employed. However, to date, there has been little study of differences in adverse events, namely hemorrhage, and efficacy between intensity protocols. Furthermore, identifying the effect of patient specific factors (e.g. age, indication for UFH, anticoagulant and antiplatelet use, medical, and surgical history) on outcomes has the potential to assist in determining the most optimal protocol. Methods: A total of 377 adult patients receiving therapeutic UFH from July 2011 to July 2017 at a single institution were retrospectively studied. Patients receiving UFH by acute coronary syndrome protocol and those receiving thrombolytics were excluded. IRB approval was obtained prior to collection of data. Results: Of the 377 patients, 42.0% (158/377) and 58.0% (219/377) were on low and standard intensity protocols, respectively. The majority of patients 76.1% (287/377) received an initial bolus. Patients were predominately Caucasian 74.0% (279/377), with median age of 63 years-old, and near equal gender distribution. The main indications for therapeutic UFH were venous thromboembolism VTE 46.9% (177/377) and atrial fibrillation 18.6% (70/377.) The indication for UFH was comparable between both groups with the exception of a higher percentage of those on full intensity protocol being treated for VTE (53.4% vs 38.0%.) Many patients were on home antiplatelet 35.0% (132/377) and anticoagulant 33.2% (125/377) therapy. The percentage of patients on aspirin, antiplatelet, and injectable anticoagulants was similar in both groups. A higher percentage of patients on low intensity protocol were on oral anticoagulants (36.1% vs 24.2%.) The median HAS-BLED score was two in both groups. Low intensity protocol patients were more likely to have had a history of previous bleeding (24.1% vs 12.8%) and had higher incidence of bleeding (10.8% vs 7.8%) than patients receiving standard intensity protocol. Transfusion requirement was greater in the low intensity protocol (29.7% vs 16.4%.) Both groups had similar risk of developing new thrombi (3.2% vs 3.7%) during the study period. All-cause mortality at three-months was higher in the low intensity group (19.6% vs 15.1%.) However, only 3.1% (2/64) of deaths within three-months were due to hemorrhage while on UFH and both were on the standard intensity protocol. Conclusion: Low intensity UFH infusion is used in patients in whom there is clinical concern for increased risk of bleeding. Bleeding rates with both low and standard intensity protocols was comparable (10.8% vs 7.8%), although patients on the low intensity protocol had notably higher transfusion rates (29.7% vs 16.4%.) Rates of new or worsening thrombi were comparable (3.2% vs 3.7%.) Initial analysis of our data suggests that there is not a clinically significant difference in studied outcomes between standard and low intensity protocols. Furthermore, in patients where this is high clinical risk of bleeding, a low intensity protocol can be utilized with similar therapeutic efficacy as a standard intensity protocol. Table Table. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Zakaria, M., MM Hossain, MA Khaleque Mian, and T. Hossain. "Performance of different protocols on in vitro tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 1 (August 22, 2014): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20143.
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Five protocols of micro tuberization were used to induce large size microtuber in three recommended potato varieties, namely Cardinal, Diamant, and Heera under complete dark condition. Tuberization was the earliest (11.8 days) in the protocol P2 (MS + 5 mg/l BAP + 500 mg/l CCC + 8% sucrose), which was closely followed by that in P1 (12.7 days) (MS + 5 mg/l BAP + 50 mg/l coumarin + 8% sucrose). Maximum number of microtubers/flask (12.8) was obtained from the protocol P1 followed by that of P2 (11.6) that contained growth retardant; but higher average weight of microtuber was obtained in the protocols P5 (30 days old plantlet + MS media containing 40 meq K + 10 mg/l BA + 9% sucrose), P4 (MS + 10 mg/l BA + 8% sucrose), and P3 (MS + 5.0 mg/l BAP + 6% sucrose) which contained BA in absence of growth retardant. The average weight of microtuber was the highest (329.0 mg) in protocol P5, followed by that in P4 (280.7 mg), while it was the lowest in protocol P1. The variety Diamant produced maximum average weight of microtuber (246.3 mg), while Heera produced minimum (226.1 mg), which was statistically similar to Cardinal (228.7 mg). The highest percentage (52.2) of >300 mg size and lowest percentage (19.3) of <150 mg size microtuber was produced in P5 protocol in the variety Diamant. On overall consideration, all the varieties performed best with the protocol P5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20143 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 59-66, March 2014
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García-De Frutos, José Manuel, Fco Javier Orquín-Castrillón, Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo, Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias, and Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez. "Acute Effects of Work Rest Interval Duration of 3 HIIT Protocols on Cycling Power in Trained Young Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 4225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084225.
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High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is described as a succession of short duration and maximum or near-maximum intensity efforts, alternated by recovery periods during which exercise continues at a lower intensity (active recovery) or is interrupted (passive recovery). Our objective was to evaluate the acute responses of three HIIT protocols of different work/rest interval times over the total time of the session, with self-selectable load and up to exhaustion, “all out”.The sample was composed of 22 male participants (n = 22) between 19 and 24 years old. The HIIT protocol consisted of one of the three HIIT protocols, of 30, 60 and 90 s density ratio 1:1 and with passive rest, with a total exercise duration of 10 min. The test was performed in a cycloergometer set in workload mode independent of the pedaling frequency. The comparison of the three HIIT protocols shows that the duration of the work/rest intervals, starting from 30 s of work, in the cycloergometer, there are no significant differences in the levels of lactate concentration in the blood, nor in the heart rate, since a similar amount is obtained in the three protocols. The percentage of maximum power developed reached in each HIIT protocol is related to the duration of the working intervals.
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Kafle, Gopi Krishna, HungSoo Joo, and Pius M. Ndegwa. "Sampling Duration and Frequency for Determining Emission Rates from Naturally Ventilated Dairy Barns." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 2 (2018): 681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12543.
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Abstract. The ideal practice for determining gas emission rates from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) is continuous measurement throughout the year to capture diurnal and seasonal variations. However, data that meet this criterion are scarce because this approach is costly and technically challenging. A practical approach with reduced sampling time and frequency without compromising integrity is thus necessary. In this study, we examined five reduced sampling protocols for determining emission rates from naturally ventilated dairy barns: (1) six sampling events, during even months, each event running continuously for 24 h (144 hourly data points); (2) six sampling events, during odd months, each event running continuously for 24 h (144 hourly data points); (3) six sampling events, during even months, each event running continuously for 7 d (1,008 hourly data points); (4) six sampling events, during odd months, each event running continuously for 7 d (1,008 hourly data points); and (5) 12 sampling events, one event every month, each event running continuously for 24 h (288 hourly data points). These five reduced sampling protocols were evaluated against baseline emission rates obtained from a protocol consisting of 12 sampling events, one event every month, each event running continuously for 7 d (2,016 hourly data points). The average baseline emission rates for carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ranged from 7.0 to 10.8 g d-1 AU-1, from 16.9 to 24.3 g d-1 AU-1, and from 0.40 to 0.63 g d-1 AU-1, respectively. Emission rates for CO2 and NH3 obtained from all five reduced sampling protocols had relative biases of less than 20% from the respective baseline emission rates. This implied that even the most reduced sampling protocol (six sampling events per year, each event running continuously for 24 h) would be adequate for determining CO2 and NH3 emission rates. However, for H2S, relative biases of the reduced sampling protocols ranged from 2% to 45%, with a 50% chance of emission rates falling outside ±20% of the baseline emission rates. These protocols, however, are only applicable for quantifying emission rates from barns with steady-state live animal mass. Keywords: Air quality, Emission rates, Air sampling protocol, CAFO, Emission inventories.
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Sunaryanto, Hery. "EFEKTIVITAS TEMPAT PENYIMPANAN PROTOKOL NOTARIS YANG TELAH BERUMUR 25 TAHUN." Jurnal Hukum dan Kenotariatan 3, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/hukeno.v3i2.3371.
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Tempat penyimpanan protokol Notaris yang berumur dua puluh lima tahun jo. Pasal 70 huruf e UUJN selama ini tidak berjalan efektif dikarenakan MPD belummempunyai lokasiuntuk menyimpandengan kondisi representatif. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektifitas penyimpanan protokol Notaris: pertama, masalah aturan yang ada di UUJN dimana belum ditentukan secara tegas mengenai Jadwal Retensi Arsip, maka perlu dibuatkan aturan baru mengenai masa kadaluarsa di UUJN/UUJN-P atau memakai aturan kadaluarsa yang ada di pasal 1967 KUHPerdata dan Pasal 78 KUHP, kedua, masalah tempat penyimpanan, maka perlu membuat aturan baru mengenai penyimpanan yang lebih modern dan tidak banyak memerlukan tempat dengan menggunakan penyimpanan elektronik/digital.Kata Kunci: efektvitas, protokol notaris, penyimpanan, MPDThe storage area of the twenty-five year old Notary protocol jo. Article 70 letter e UUJN has not been effective so far because the MPD has no location to save it with representative conditions. Factors that influence the effectiveness of storage of the Notary protocol: first, the problem of rules in UUJN where it has not been explicitly stipulated regarding the Archive Retention Schedule, it is necessary to make new rules regarding the expiration date of UUJN / UUJN-P or use the expiration rules in article 1967 Civil Code and Article 78 of the Criminal Code, second, the problem of storage, it is necessary to make new rules regarding storage that are more modern and do not require much space using electronic/ digital storage.Keywords: effectiveness, notary protocol, storage, MPD
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Kasraie, Nima, Amie Robinson, and Sherwin Chan. "Construction of an Anthropomorphic Phantom for Use in Evaluating Pediatric Airway Digital Tomosynthesis Protocols." Radiology Research and Practice 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3835810.
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Interpretation of radiolucent foreign bodies (FBs) is a common task charged to pediatric radiologists. The use of a motion compensated technique to decrease breathing motion on images would greatly decrease overall exposure to ionizing radiation and increase access to treatment yielding a great impact on clinical care. This study reports on the methodology and materials used to construct an in-house anthropomorphic phantom for investigating image quality in digital tomosynthesis protocols for volumetric imaging of the pediatric airway. Availability and cost of possible substitute materials were considered and simplifying assumptions were made. Two different modular phantoms were assembled in coronal slab layers using materials designed to approximate a one- and three-year-old thorax at diagnostic photon energies for use with digital tomosynthesis protocols such as those offered on GE’s VolumeRAD application. Exposures were made using both phantoms with inserted food particles inside an oscillating airway. The goal of the phantom is to help evaluate (1) whether the currently used protocol is sufficient to image the airway despite breathing motion and (2) whether it is not, to find the optimal protocol by testing various commercially available protocols using this phantom. The affordable construction of the pediatric sized phantom aimed at optimizing GE’s VolumeRAD protocol for airway foreign body imaging is demonstrated in this study which can be used to test VolumeRAD’s ability to image the airways with and without a low-density foreign body within the airways.
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Cariati, Ida, Roberto Bonanni, Gabriele Pallone, Cristian Romagnoli, Anna Maria Rinaldi, Giuseppe Annino, Giovanna D’Arcangelo, and Virginia Tancredi. "Whole Body Vibration Improves Brain and Musculoskeletal Health by Modulating the Expression of Tissue-Specific Markers: FNDC5 as a Key Regulator of Vibration Adaptations." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 10388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810388.
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Whole body vibration (WBV) is well known to exert beneficial effects on multiple tissues, improving synaptic transmission, muscle mass, bone quality, and reducing anxiety and depressive behavior. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood, and organs and tissues may respond differently to the vibratory stimulus depending on multiple factors. Therefore, we investigated the WBV effects on the brain and musculoskeletal tissue of 4-month-old young mice, evaluating synaptic plasticity by electrophysiological recordings and tissue organization by histology and histomorphometric analysis. Specifically, WBV protocols were characterized by the same vibration frequency (45 Hz), but different in vibration exposure time (five series of 3 min for the B protocol and three series of 2 min and 30 s for the C protocol) and recovery time between two vibration sessions (1 min for the B protocol and 2 min and 30 s for the C protocol). In addition, immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate the expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), as well as that of tissue-specific markers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain, myostatin in muscle and collagen I (COL-1) in bone. Our results suggest that the WBV effects depend closely on the type of protocol used and support the hypothesis that different organs or tissues have different susceptibility to vibration. Further studies will be needed to deepen our knowledge of physiological adaptations to vibration and develop customized WBV protocols to improve and preserve cognitive and motor functions.
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Klentrou, Panagiota, Angeliki Giannopoulou, Brandon J. McKinlay, Phillip Wallace, Cameron Muir, Bareket Falk, and Diane Mack. "Salivary cortisol and testosterone responses to resistance and plyometric exercise in 12- to 14-year-old boys." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 7 (July 2016): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0668.
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This study examined changes in salivary testosterone and cortisol following resistance and plyometric exercise protocols in active boys. In a crossover experimental design, 26 peri-pubertal (12- to 14-year-old) soccer players performed 2 exercise trials in random order, on separate evenings, 1 week apart. Each trial included a 30 min control session followed by 30 min of either resistance or plyometric exercise. Saliva was collected at baseline, post-control (i.e., pre-exercise), and 5 and 30 min post-exercise. There were no significant differences in the baseline hormone concentrations between trials or between weeks (p > 0.05). A significant effect for time was found for testosterone (p = 0.02, [Formula: see text] = 0.14), which increased from pre-exercise to 5 min post-exercise in both the resistance (27% ± 5%) and plyometric (12% ± 6%) protocols. Cortisol decreased to a similar extent in both trials (p = 0.009, [Formula: see text] = 0.19) from baseline to post-control and then to 5 min post-exercise, following its typical circadian decrease in the evening hours. However, a significant protocol-by-time interaction was observed for cortisol, which increased 30 min after the plyometrics (+31% ± 12%) but continued to decrease following the resistance protocol (−21% ± 5%). Our results suggest that in young male athletes, multiple modes of exercise can lead to a transient anabolic state, thus maximizing the beneficial effects on growth and development, when exercise is performed in the evening hours.
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Guzmán-Larralde, Adriana J., Alba P. Suaste-Dzul, Adrien Gallou, and Kenzy I. Peña-Carrillo. "DNA recovery from microhymenoptera using six non-destructive methodologies with considerations for subsequent preparation of museum slides." Genome 60, no. 1 (January 2017): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0172.
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Because of the tiny size of microhymenoptera, successful morphological identification typically requires specific mounting protocols that require time, skills, and experience. Molecular taxonomic identification is an alternative, but many DNA extraction protocols call for maceration of the whole specimen, which is not compatible with preserving museum vouchers. Thus, non-destructive DNA isolation methods are attractive alternatives for obtaining DNA without damaging sample individuals. However, their performance needs to be assessed in microhymenopterans. We evaluated six non-destructive methods: (A) DNeasy® Blood & Tissue Kit; (B) DNeasy® Blood & Tissue Kit, modified; (C) Protocol with CaCl2 buffer; (D) Protocol with CaCl2 buffer, modified; (E) HotSHOT; and (F) Direct PCR. The performance of each DNA extraction method was tested across several microhymenopteran species by attempting to amplify the mitochondrial gene COI from insect specimens of varying ages: 1 day, 4 months, 3 years, 12 years, and 23 years. Methods B and D allowed COI amplification in all insects, while methods A, C, and E were successful in DNA amplification from insects up to 12 years old. Method F, the fastest, was useful in insects up to 4 months old. Finally, we adapted permanent slide preparation in Canada balsam for every technique. The results reported allow for combining morphological and molecular methodologies for taxonomic studies.
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Cariati, Ida, Roberto Bonanni, Gabriele Pallone, Giuseppe Annino, Virginia Tancredi, and Giovanna D’Arcangelo. "Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity by Vibratory Training in Young and Old Mice." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010082.
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In the past 40 years, scientific research has shown how Whole Body Vibration concept represents a strong stimulus for the whole organism. Low (<30 Hz), medium (30–80 Hz), and high (>80 Hz) frequency vibrations can have both positive and negative effects, depending on the oscillation type and duration of exposure to which the body is subjected. However, very little is known about the effects of vibratory training on the brain. In this regard, we verified whether three vibratory training protocols, differing in terms of vibration frequency and exposure time to vibration, could modulate synaptic plasticity in an experimental mouse model, by extracellular recordings in vitro in hippocampal slices of mice of 4 and 24 months old. Our results showed that vibratory training can modulate synaptic plasticity differently, depending on the protocol used, and that the best effects are related to the training protocol characterized by a low vibration frequency and a longer recovery time. Future studies will aim to understand the brain responses to various types of vibratory training and to explore the underlying mechanisms, also evaluating the presence of any structural and functional changes due to vibratory training.
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Cariati, Ida, Roberto Bonanni, Gabriele Pallone, Giuseppe Annino, Virginia Tancredi, and Giovanna D’Arcangelo. "Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity by Vibratory Training in Young and Old Mice." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010082.
Full textAbstract:
In the past 40 years, scientific research has shown how Whole Body Vibration concept represents a strong stimulus for the whole organism. Low (<30 Hz), medium (30–80 Hz), and high (>80 Hz) frequency vibrations can have both positive and negative effects, depending on the oscillation type and duration of exposure to which the body is subjected. However, very little is known about the effects of vibratory training on the brain. In this regard, we verified whether three vibratory training protocols, differing in terms of vibration frequency and exposure time to vibration, could modulate synaptic plasticity in an experimental mouse model, by extracellular recordings in vitro in hippocampal slices of mice of 4 and 24 months old. Our results showed that vibratory training can modulate synaptic plasticity differently, depending on the protocol used, and that the best effects are related to the training protocol characterized by a low vibration frequency and a longer recovery time. Future studies will aim to understand the brain responses to various types of vibratory training and to explore the underlying mechanisms, also evaluating the presence of any structural and functional changes due to vibratory training.
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Xavier, Catarina, Mayra Eduardoff, Barbara Bertoglio, Christina Amory, Cordula Berger, Andrea Casas-Vargas, Johannes Pallua, and Walther Parson. "Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods Developed for Forensic and Ancient DNA Applications Using Bone Samples of Different Age." Genes 12, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020146.
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The efficient extraction of DNA from challenging samples, such as bones, is critical for the success of downstream genotyping analysis in molecular genetic disciplines. Even though the ancient DNA community has developed several protocols targeting small DNA fragments that are typically present in decomposed or old specimens, only recently forensic geneticists have started to adopt those protocols. Here, we compare an ancient DNA extraction protocol (Dabney) with a bone extraction method (Loreille) typically used in forensics. Real-time quantitative PCR and forensically representative typing methods including fragment size analysis and sequencing were used to assess protocol performance. We used four bone samples of different age in replicates to study the effects of both extraction methods. Our results confirm Loreille’s overall increased gain of DNA when enough tissue is available and Dabney’s improved efficiency for retrieving shorter DNA fragments that is beneficial when highly degraded DNA is present. The results suggest that the choice of extraction method needs to be based on available sample, degradation state, and targeted genotyping method. We modified the Dabney protocol by pooling parallel lysates prior to purification to study gain and performance in single tube typing assays and found that up to six parallel lysates lead to an almost linear gain of extracted DNA. These data are promising for further forensic investigations as the adapted Dabney protocol combines increased sensitivity for degraded DNA with necessary total DNA amount for forensic applications.
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Senthil Kumar, T., S. Prabhakaran, and V. Prashanth. "Four-way handshake protocol for authenticating in multiple mix-zones." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.4 (March 10, 2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.4.13039.
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Authentication is the process of verifying that the users who they claim to be or not, it is based on identity and credentials. Most of the attacks can be reduced using authentication process. Authentication is important because as the amount of online data sharing has increased, threats and fraud in a large amount are also increased, a changing of the guard which provides security to mobile devices is needed for which authentication is necessary. Privacy of user’s location is important in mobile networks, there are several strategies to protect the personal information (i.e., their location). In previous work it is introduced that the mix zone model which will change the old pseudonyms to new pseudonyms and anonymizes user’s identity by restricting the position where users can be located. Later work, even in the multiple mix-zones model, attackers can attack by using side information (like footprints, navigation etc.). So, we need an authentication protocol while two mix-zones or user-services are communicating. We came across different authentication protocols like PAP, CHAP, and EAP. In this paper, a four-way handshake protocol is implemented for providing authentication while multiple mix-zones are communicating. A four-way handshake authentication protocol i.e., WPA-PSK protocol for verification. WPA-PSK is applied in such a way that both STA(supplicant) and AP(authenticator) can check that they are re-agreeing on a non-forged RSN and IE, therefore they are using the most secure available protocols.
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Flewett, Samuel, Thibault Saintenoy, Marcela Sepúlveda, Edward Fabian Mosso, Carolina Robles, Katherine Vega, Sebastian Gutierrez, et al. "Micro X-ray Fluorescence Study of Late Pre-Hispanic Ceramics from the Western Slopes of the South Central Andes Region in the Arica y Parinacota Region, Chile: A New Methodological Approach." Applied Spectroscopy 70, no. 10 (August 20, 2016): 1759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702816654153.
Full textAbstract:
Archeological ceramic paste material typically consists of a mix of a clay matrix and various millimeter and sub-millimeter sized mineral inclusions. Micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a standard compositional classification tool and in this work we propose and demonstrate an improved fluorescence map processing protocol where the mineral inclusions are automatically separated from the clay matrix to allow independent statistical analysis of the two parts. Application of this protocol allowed us to enhance the discrimination between different ceramic shards compared with the standard procedure of working with only the spatially averaged elemental concentrations. Using the new protocol, we performed an initial compositional classification of a set of 83 ceramic shards from the western slopes of the south central Andean region in the Arica y Parinacota region (Chile). Comparing the classifications obtained using the new versus the old (average concentrations only) protocols, we found that some samples were erroneously classified with the old protocol. From an archaeological perspective, a broad and heterogeneous regional sample set was used in this experimental study due to the fact that this was the first such analysis to be performed on ceramics from this region. This allowed a general overview to be obtained, however further work on more specific sample sets will be necessary to extract concrete archaeological conclusions.
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Kessel, Aaron D., Myriam Kline, Marcia Zinger, Dawn McLaughlin, Peter Silver, and Todd M. Sweberg. "The Impact and Statistical Analysis of a Multifaceted Anticoagulation Strategy in Children Supported on ECMO." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 32, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066615601977.
Full textAbstract:
Background: We sought to determine whether the introduction of a new anticoagulation protocol improved the frequency with which target anticoagulation parameters were met in children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Additionally, we sought to correlate the results of various tests of anticoagulation with the heparin infusion dose (HID) for patients on ECMO and to evaluate the utility of these anticoagulation monitoring tests for the titration of the HID. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 18 patients who received ECMO at an academic tertiary care children’s hospital. Nine patients who were managed using a new anticoagulation protocol were matched by age and diagnosis with 9 patients managed with the old protocol. We collected data relating to patient demographics, type of extracorporeal support, disease process, and incidence of bleeding or thrombosis. Anticoagulation parameters collected include the activated clotting time (ACT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time/international normalized ratio, anti-factor Xa level, and antithrombin 3 level along with the HID at each time point. Patient groups were compared using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model, a mixed model analysis of variance, and correlational studies. Main Results: The percentage of in-range ACT values was not different between the 2 protocols, whereas the percentage of in-range aPTT values was higher in the new anticoagulation protocol (ACT: 37.7% vs 39.5%; aPTT: 25.1% vs 39.8%). After accounting for repeated and variable measures within patients, the probability of obtaining an in-range ACT and aPTT did not differ significantly between the 2 protocols (ACT: P = .3488; aPTT: P = .16). The mean HID did not differ between the 2 groups (35.0 unit/kg/h vs 37.6 unit/kg/h, P = .56). Correlation coefficients demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between the ACT and the HID in both the groups (old: r = −.22, P < .0001; new: r = −.26, P < .0001). We observed a significant positive correlation between the aPTT and the HID in the historical group ( r = .25, P < .0001), but no correlation between the aPTT and the HID in the current group ( r = −.02, P = .71). The anti-factor Xa level showed a significantly positive correlation with the HID in the current group ( r = .62, P < .0001). Conclusions: A multipronged monitoring regimen slightly increased the amount of time that anticoagulation parameters were within range. Correlations between the HID and the aPTT differed based on anticoagulation protocol, with a positive correlation in the older protocol and no correlation in the new protocol. This may highlight a problem in study design and analysis that requires further examination. Further trials are needed to assess the most useful markers with which anticoagulation protocols for ECMO can be created, adjusted, and evaluated.
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Hill, David M., Sean Lloyd, and William L. Hickerson. "Incidence of Hypoglycemia in Burn Patients: A Focus for Process Improvement." Hospital Pharmacy 53, no. 2 (December 7, 2017): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578717746418.
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Background: Glycemic control in burn patients is critical for reducing infection and mortality. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the incidence and outcomes of hypoglycemia during continuous insulin infusions (CII). Methods: This institutional review board–approved study was a retrospective, single burn center, electronic chart review. Patients admitted between January 1, 2013, and October 31, 2014, who received a CII were included. Patients with incomplete data or who received <24 hours of CII were excluded. Results: Thirty-eight patients met inclusion criteria; 6 were excluded. The average patient was a 52-year-old Caucasian male with a 33% total body surface area burn and an acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score of 20.Hypoglycemia was present for 87 of 6540 hours of CII therapy (1.1%). Two-thirds experienced a serum glucose <70 mg/dL and half <60 mg/dL. The most commonly assessed reasons for the hypoglycemic episodes were protocol violations (47%) and glucose variability (30%). After multivariable logistic regression, only history of diabetes remained a statistically significant risk factor with an odds ratio of 15.4 (95% confidence interval: 2.5-95.1). Four different CII protocols were prescribed. All protocols had a high glucose variability, as assessed by hours / day within goal range (13.1 ± 2.5, 14.1 ± 3.1, 14.3 ± 2.4, 9.8; P = .282). Conclusion: The amount of different protocols likely contributed to protocol violations and glucose variability. Our data demonstrate the need to create and consolidate usage to a single protocol in attempts to improve glycemic control.
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Briller, Sherylyn H., Kathleen L. Meert, Stephanie Myers Schim, Celia S. Thurston, and Allison Kabel. "Implementing a Triangulation Protocol in Bereavement Research: A Methodological Discussion." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 57, no. 3 (November 2008): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.57.3.b.
Full textAbstract:
Triangulation is a comparative strategy for examining data that strengthens qualitative and multi-method research. Despite the benefits of triangulation noted in the research methods literature, few concrete models for operationalization of protocols exist. Lack of documentation of explicit triangulation procedures is especially true in the area of bereavement research. This article describes how an interdisciplinary research team implemented a triangulation protocol in a study of the needs of bereaved parents. Triangulation enabled the integration of diverse data sources, methods, and disciplinary perspectives. These processes yielded a more meaningful typology of bereaved parents' needs than would have otherwise been possible. Extending the use of triangulation will enhance multi-faceted understandings of bereavement.
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Kurniawati, Wakhidah, Rina Kurniati, Sugiono Soetomo, and R. Rafii Bisatya Rahmat. "Pandemic Responsive Spaces for Local Economic Activities in the Old Town of Semarang." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 9, no. 2-2 (July 14, 2022): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1020.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed all aspects of life and order. It has made the Old Town of Semarang experience a decrease in the number of visitors. When the economy is starting and recovering, the pandemic sensitivity space is exercised through strict health protocol. This paper uses direct observation to examine the pandemic responsive space for local economic activities in the Old Town of Semarang. The following procedures were adopted for this study: 1) Defining the potential economic activity space in the Old Town of Semarang; 2) Recognising the presence of pandemic responsive space in location; 3) Analysing the responsive space in relation to pandemic context, and 4) Proposing space pattern that responsive to pandemic context. The study’s results are the Old Town of Semarang has three typologies of economic activity spaces, including cafes, restaurants, and street vendors. The economic activity in the form of cafes and restaurants has organised a responsive space to implement the established health protocols. In contrast, street vendors create unresponsive space for economic activity. This is because the street vendors have not been able to provide adequate supporting facilities for health protocols. Therefore, the local government and economic actors need to speed up the process for determining more pandemic responsive urban space that will allow economic activities to be carried out with proper health protocols
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Della Corte, Jaime, Rogério Alves de Souza, Jurandir Baptista da Silva, Eduardo Borba Neves, João Pedro Bomfim Torres, Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro, and Leandro de Lima e Silva. "Performance of brazilian university handball players in the vertical jump after maximum strength training." Bioscience Journal 37 (October 13, 2021): e37058. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-53576.
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This study aimed to analyze the performance of the vertical jump with counter movement (CMJ), in university handball athletes, immediately after the maximum strength training in multiple series and after 10 and 15min of rest. Twelve male athletes participated, age 20.9±2.4 years old, height 1.78±0.05m and Body Mass Index (BMI) 28.74±8.1kg/m2. After the tests and retests of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) for the dominant and non-dominant sides, in the leg extension, the volunteers performed crossover after 48 hours of the training sessions. CMJ measurements were collected before and immediately after each training protocol and after 10 and 15min of rest. Passive recovery between sets was three minutes. The intervals between training protocols were at least 45min. There were no statistical differences for the CMJ between the moments pre-, post-training session, 10 and 15min of rest in the different protocols, but progressive increases in the CMJ variables were observed, extending up to the 15th minute of rest, in all training protocols when comparing the results of the means of the CMJ variables of the moments post-training session, 10 and 15min of rest with the averages of the variables from the pre-training session, being more evident in the alternate unilateral protocol, which, unlike the other protocols of the study, performed series with the two lower limbs. It was evidenced that the training protocols of short duration and with high dynamic efforts, previously performed, influenced the performance of the CMJ, favoring for the transient improvement of the explosive muscular strength of the athletes.
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Eskandari, F. M., W. L. Bruckart, and T. L. Widmer. "Field Damage to Yellow Starthistle Infected by Synchytrium solstitiale, and Greenhouse Maintenance and Host Range of the Fungus." Plant Disease 95, no. 8 (August 2011): 907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-11-0139.
Full textAbstract:
Yellow starthistle (YST, Centaurea solstitialis) is a major weed pest of the western United States. Synchytrium solstitiale, a pathogen of YST, caused significant damage to symptomatic (versus asymptomatic) plants in a field study in France. Before it was evaluated as a candidate for biological control of YST in the United States, protocols for pathogen maintenance under greenhouse conditions were developed. Maintenance, increase, and host range determination protocols involved incubation at 10/15°C (night/day) with an 8-h photoperiod either of potted or exhumed (i.e., roots of 4-week-old plants grown in flasks of water) plants inoculated with galled leaf tissue, or potted plants in which inoculum was wrapped within healthy leaves by a plastic wrap. The leaf-wrap protocol, used during the host range determination, always resulted in disease of YST. Several safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivars and other plants related to YST became diseased following this protocol, thus raising concern about host specificity. Development of disease on nontarget species precludes proposal of S. solstitiale for biological control of YST at this time.
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Iroanya, O. O., T. F. Egwuatu, B. O. Oladimeji, and M. O. Ogunlana. "Use of Diverse Extraction Protocols to Decide the Integrity of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Samples Extracted from Bovine Bone Samples of Different Ages obtained from an Abattoir in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i6.21.
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Techniques for the identification human and non-human biological samples are developing at very high rates with the advent of different DNA extraction methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assays. This study aimed at using different extraction protocols to determine the integrity of DNA samples extracted from bovine bone samples of different ages collected from abattoir in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria. The DNA was extracted using CTAB, PCI protocols and a DNA kit (Quick DNA MiniPrep Plus Kit). Bovine mtDNA fragment containing the gene encoding ATPase 8 was amplified via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The PCR products were analysed on 1.8% agarose gel. It was observed that the DNA samples extracted using the PCI method at 48 h incubation time had the highest purity (1.68) and concentration (336 ng/µl) compared to other extraction methods employed in the study. However, DNA kit extracted samples had mean ± SE purity (1.52 ± 0-05) and concentration (192.25 ± 31.41 ng/µl) values that were higher than CTAB protocol values but lower than PCI protocol values. All isolated DNA samples were PCR-worthy and thus yielded PCR products which were within the expected amplicon size of 126-bp. All DNA extraction protocols employed in this study are stable and efficient for use in the identification of aged non- human bones. This study also revealed that these protocols can be used to isolate PCR amplifiable DNA from old bones.
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Costa, Glaucio Carneiro, André Issao Kunitake, Paulo Roberto Fonseca Junior, Ângela Cristina Ledur, Cíntia Elord Júlio, Gabriela Santos Pereira, João Carlos Ferrari Corrêa, and Fernanda Ishida Correa. "Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with a virtual reality exercise on balance in a patient with multiple sclerosis: a case report." Adaptive Behavior 28, no. 4 (September 5, 2019): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712319873912.
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To investigate the effects of training with videogame (VG) combined with transcranial direct current (tDCS) stimulation on balance, fatigue, and quality of life in an individual with multiple sclerosis. A 51-year-old male patient reported a history of progressive loss of muscle strength in the left lower limb from 37 years of age. Equilibrium, fatigue, and quality of life were evaluated before and after two treatment protocols, with the 14-day interval between them: Protocol 1: VG + sham tDCS (five consecutive sessions) and Protocol 2: VG + tDCS active (five consecutive sessions). Each session lasted 20 min, with 2 mA intensity. After Protocol 1, the patient presented improvement in balance, fatigue, and quality of life, but these improvements were not maintained in the follow-up evaluation. After Protocol 2, an improvement in balance was not clinically important and the results of the low post-intervention and follow-up were found in relation to fatigue and quality of life. The most promising clinical changes were found when the VG was combined with the sham tDCS compared to the combination of VG and active tDCS.
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Thomas, Gwendolyn A., William J. Kraemer, Mary J. Kennett, Brett A. Comstock, Carl M. Maresh, Craig R. Denegar, Jeff S. Volek, and Wesley C. Hymer. "Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese." Journal of Applied Physiology 111, no. 2 (August 2011): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00157.2011.
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It has been suggested that obese individuals have a blunted growth hormone (GH) response to spontaneous and stimulated GH secretion. The present study was designed to examine the effects of a high-volume, whole body acute resistance exercise (RE) protocol on immunoreactive GH (iGH), bioactive GH (bGH), and GH-binding protein (GHBP) in sedentary lean and obese men. Nine obese (mean ± SD: 20.8 ± 2.1 yr old, 177.0 ± 4.1 cm height, 108.7 ± 15.9 kg body mass, 37.6 ± 5.29% body fat) and nine lean (20.1 ± 2.1 yr old, 177.8 ± 8.7 cm height, 71.7 ± 5.8 kg body mass, 14.7 ± 3.54% body fat) men completed an acute RE protocol (6 exercises, 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 85–95% of 10 repetitions maximum with 120- and 90-s rest periods), and blood samples were collected before, at the midpoint, and immediately after exercise and during recovery (+50, +70, and +110). In contrast to prior studies, which examined acute responses to cardiovascular exercise protocols, groups did not differ in iGH response to the exercise stimulus. However, bGH concentrations overall were significantly lower in the obese than the lean participants ( P < 0.001). Additionally, obese individuals had significantly higher GHBP concentrations ( P < 0.001). Results suggest that obese and lean sedentary men performing a high-volume, whole body acute RE protocol demonstrate similar increases in iGH. Blunted bGH and elevated GHBP concentrations are indicative of altered GH activity associated with obesity. Prior research findings of blunted iGH response may be attributable to RE protocols not equated on relative intensity or volume. These results underscore the complexity of pituitary biology and its related mechanisms and may have implications for exercise prescription in the treatment of obesity.
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Vianna, Jacqueline Rodrigues de Freitas, Thais Helena de Paula Michelato, Breno Henrique Florêncio de Barros, Ana Laura Tassinari Ribeiro, Jorge Luis Guerra, Edson Alves Barros Junior, and Maurício Jamami. "Outcomes of a functional rehabilitation protocol in chronic critical disease by COVID-19: A case report." Research, Society and Development 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2023): e14512340526. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40526.
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The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that causes COVID-19. It can cause severe illness, with significant increase in morbidity and mortality rates, requiring the need for hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. This study aims to describe a functional rehabilitation protocol applied to a patient with COVID-19 after 21 days of mechanical ventilation (MV). We report a case of a 56-year-old female patient diagnosed with COVID-19 who presented severe hypoxemic respiratory failure, chronic critical disease, intensive care unit acquired weakness, difficult and prolonged weaning, organ dysfunction, and needed tracheotomy. The patient responded satisfactorily to a late functional rehabilitation protocol showing the importance of well-designed and individualized protocols to achieve maximum functional recovery.
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Schmitt, Emily, Hunter Graves, and Danielle Bruns. "Treadmill Training Improves Aerobic Capacity in Aged Male Mice Compared to Voluntary Wheel Running." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 683–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2570.
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Abstract Preclinical exercise studies typically use two forms of exercise training protocols: 1) voluntary wheel running and 2) forced treadmill running. Previous work from our group clearly demonstrates that older (18-month-old) male mice do not voluntarily engage in wheel running, especially compared to younger males or female mice. Therefore, we implemented a forced exercise treadmill training protocol to determine if treadmill training was superior to wheel running in improving aerobic capacity in older male mice. PURPOSE: To determine if a 3-week treadmill training protocol improved time to exhaustion (TTE) in older male mice. METHODS: 18-month-old male mice (n=5) were provided a running wheel in their individual cage for 2 weeks or underwent daily treadmill training (n=6) for 3 weeks with increasing speed/incline. At the end of the training period we assessed TTE. RESULTS: Older male mice that trained on the treadmill demonstrated higher TTE compared to wheel (1382 □ 32 seconds versus 500 □ 99 seconds, respectively). In addition, older male mice that trained on the treadmill improved on average ~8% in their TTE test. CONCLUSION: A 3-week treadmill training protocol improves aerobic capacity in older male mice to a greater extent than voluntary wheel running. Ongoing experiments will utilize this training protocol to understand age-related declines in cardiorespiratory fitness, circadian rhythm, and to test exercise as an intervention in the aging population.