Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Olive industry and trade'
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Bonazzi, Matteo. "Sustainable development in the Mediterranean : prospects for the olive industry." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300376.
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Hoekstra, Dirk Tjalling. "Microbial population dynamics in indigenous olive wastewater biofilms." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/829.
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Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007The olive industry in South Africa, although small compared to the rest of the world, is rapidly expanding and producing increased volumes of wastewater on an annual basis that could in future develop into a major environmental problem. Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and table olive wastewater (TOWW) are characterised by high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and phenolic content that are toxic to the environment. Due to the nature of olive wastewater (OWW), its irresponsible and unregulated environmental release will result in oxygen depletion, nutrient enrichment and accumulation of toxic compounds in receiving water bodies that ultimately disrupts aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. An estimated 3500 - 4500 tons of olives are processed on an annual basis by 51 farmers .in the Western Cape. Economic forecasts predict a steady growth, i.e. increased production and processing of olives in the South African olive industry, in the future due to consumer demand. These production increases will consequently lead to increased volumes of wastewater production, which would, in tum, require an expansion of treatment capacity of the wastewater prior to release. Two South African olive factories were chosen for this study: Buffet Olives, situated in Dal Josefat (Paarl), that produces table olives and Vesuvio Estate on Sorento farm (Wellington) that produce extra-virgin olive oil. Preliminary COD determinations showed that indigenous OWW biofilms within a rotating biological contactor set-up reduced the COD from TOWW and OMWW by 47% and 32%, respectively, over a l0-day period. These preliminary results strongly suggested that biofilms indigenous to OWW have the potential to remediate the pollution problems of OWW. However, the overall aim of this study was to determine how sustainable the application of indigenous biofilms in the OWW are over two production seasons and whether it would be feasible to apply and develop these naturally occurring biofilms as an effective bioremediation tool to reduce the COD and polyphenol content of OWW.
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Kagaba, James. "Bioprospecting for novel lipases from indigenous olive wastewater biofilms." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2828.
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Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Lipase-catalysed chemical transformations are today routinely considered by synthetic organic chemists as economical and competitive “green chemistry” alternatives. Although lipases can effortlessly be produced on a large-scale by fermentation, their industrial application was, until recently, limited to the detergent, oleo-chemistry and dairy industry. However, during the last few decades, the biotechnological application of lipases has expanded significantly, becoming indispensable in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, single cell protein production, biosensor preparations and waste management. Similarly, lipases have become a vital ingredient in the contemporary food processing industry with applications ranging from fruit juice production to baked foods, vegetable fermentations and dairy enrichment. Furthermore, lipases are routinely used as flavour development agents in cheese, butter and margarine products. Lipases are also applied in the leather industry for processing hides and skins and for treatment of activated sludge and other aerobic waste product treatments where its action enhances oxygen transfer. While lipases currently account for less than 21 % of the enzyme market, a growing interest in lipases is reflected by the publication of an average of 1000 research papers per year and the growing number of available lipases since the 1980s. There is a sustained interest to bioprospect for novel lipase enzymes from available unexplored biodiversity. This study aimed to screen for lipase-producing microorganisms resident in olive wastewater biofilms. Lipase activity of positive isolates was subsequently also quantitatively determined to select for the highest producers of true lipases. A Geotrichum candidum isolate from olive mill wastewater biofilms was selected for subsequent studies based on its superior lipase production phenotype. Using a yeast mediated ligation approach the G. candidum GCL1 lipase gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an enzyme production host. The recombinant lipase was purified and analysed in terms of substrate specificity, pH optima, temperature optima and stability as well as organic solvent tolerance. The G. candidum gcl1 lipase presented enhanced thermo- and organic solvent-stability that are highly sought after traits for industrial application.
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Alves, Francieli Cassia Gomes Barroso Simão. "Autenticação de óleos comestíveis empregando espectroscopia UV-Vis e quimiometria." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2143.
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Com a busca pela praticidade e rapidez na obtenção dos resultados, torna-se cada vez mais importante a implementação de métodos que possam ponderar se os resultados quantitativos são realmente necessários. Os métodos qualitativos são utilizados como uma triagem que antecedem a quantificação e que permite uma redução tanto de tempo como de custos. Estes métodos têm cada vez mais ganhado importância e o uso instrumental proporcionou novas perspectivas e garantia de uma maior confiabilidade e aplicabilidade. O desenvolvimento de metodologias qualitativas aliando métodos instrumentais e quimiometria podem ser apropriados para autenticação de amostras. Desta forma, associado à espectroscopia na região do ultravioleta e visível (UV-Vis) o método quimiométrico de reconhecimento de padrões supervisionado de mínimos quadrados parciais com análise discriminante (PLS-DA), mostrou ser uma ferramenta capaz de autenticar amostras de óleo de soja transgênica e não transgênica, bem como, a autenticação de azeite de oliva extra virgem de acordo com os percentuais de acidez. Além disso, o método proposto permite uma análise rápida e não destrutiva da amostra. Nos estudos, a autenticação de óleos de sojas transgênicos e não transgênicos pode ser atribuída ao deslocamento batocrômico, provavelmente devido às diferenças no grupo cromóforo presente nas amostras transgênicas e não transgênicas, enquanto que nos azeites extra virgem de diferentes percentuais de acidez a autenticação pode ser atribuída a ocorrência de efeitos hipercrômico e hipocrômico. A espectroscopia na região do UV-Vis permitiu a autenticação geográfica de azeites de oliva da região do Mediterrâneo através do método quimiométrico de análise de componentes independentes (ICA). Por ser um método baseado na independência estatística, diferenças entre as amostras provenientes de diferentes países banhados pelo mar Mediterrâneo puderam ser discriminadas, bem como amostras provenientes de um mesmo país.The search for practical and quickly results increase the importance of methodologies that can ponder if the quantitative results are really needed. The qualitative methods are used as a prior screening to quantification and allows a reduction of time and costs. These methods have increasingly its importance and the instrumental employ provided new perspectives and ensuring greater reliability and applicability. The development of qualitative methods combining instrumental and chemometric can be appropriate for authentication samples. Thus, coupled with spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible region (UV-Vis) the supervised pattern recognition method of partial least squares with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), showed be a tool to authenticate transgenic and non-transgenic soybean oil samples, as well, extra virgin olive oil according to the acidity percentage. Furthermore, the proposed method promote a rapid and non-destructive analysis of the samples. Authentication studies of transgenic and non transgenic soybeans oils can be attributed to the bathochromic shift, due to differences in the chromophore group present in the transgenic and non transgenic samples, while in the extra virgin olive oils with different acidity percentages the authentication can be attributed to the occurrence of hyperchromic and hypochromic effects. UV-Vis spectroscopy allowed the geographic authentication of extra virgin olive oils from the Mediterranean region through the chemometric method of independent component analysis (ICA). Due the ICA be a method based on statistical independence, differences between samples from different countries around the Mediterranean Sea were authenticated, as well the samples from the same country.
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Warnock, Peter. "Identification of ancient olive oil processing methods based on olive remains /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144469.
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Du, Toit Francois Stephanus. "Olie : hoop of wanhoop vir Angola?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/824.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The increasing global demand for and dependency on oil provides tremendous opportunities for oil-producing countries. Supported by the unprecedented economic growth in developing countries such as China and India, the global demand for oil is estimated to increase by 50% from the present 83 million barrels a day to 120 million barrels a day by 2025. This increased demand for oil provides the African oil industry with vast possibilities. Countries such as Angola, Cameroon and Nigeria are already experiencing a large increase in direct foreign investment, a higher Gross National Product en more favourable balance of trade. The logical conclusion from the abovementioned advantages of oil-rich countries would seem to imply a sharp rise in the standard of living for the citizens of these countries in the recent past. The purpose of this report is to determine if Angola, as the world’s fastest growing oil-producer in terms of increased production of barrels per day, offers its citizens an economically prosperous future. Points highlighted by the report include the inevitable problems caused by Angola’s colonial history and the recent twenty seven year long civil war. Angola faces internal and external problems caused by • “Dutch Disease” • Fluctuating oil prices • Poor governance • Institutional capacity China now plays an important if somewhat controversial role in Angola’s prosperity by providing finance and aid with less stringent conditions than Angola’s traditional sources. With Chinese aid Angola is now undertaking the rebuilding of its infrastructure which is essential to counteract the negative aspects of the country’s dependency on oil resource exploitation. There is still significant corruption within the oil industry and it seems clear that any attempts by international companies and non-governmental organisations to counteract the problem will have limited success unless the governments and all concerned parties take note of and accept new ethical and socially responsible codes of behaviour. Africa however is entering a new phase of accepting responsibility for its own internal problems. The democratisation of the continent is setting new standards for the fight against corruption. Finally the report indicates that there are lessons to be learned from other countries about using income from natural resources to benefit future generations. Countries such as Botswana (diamonds) and Norway (oil) use investment funds to limit their dependence on the resources and to counteract the effect of fluctuating prices of the commodities. Bearing in mind the above considerations, Angola cannot be expected to achieve success overnight, but the country has all that is required to eventually assume its rightful position on the continent and become another African economic success story.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wêreld se toenemende vraag na- en afhanklikheid van olie bied tans geweldige geleenthede vir olie-produserende lande. Daar word beraam dat die wêreldwye vraag na olie, gesteun deur ongekende ekonomiese groei in ontwikkelende lande soos China en Indië, met meer as 50% van die huidige vlak van 83 miljoen vate per dag teen 2025 tot 120 miljoen vate per dag sal toeneem. Die moontlikhede wat hierdie verhoogde vraag vir die oliebedryf in Afrika bied, is legio. Lande soos Angola, Kameroen en Nigerië ondervind reeds ʼn groot toename in direkte buitelandse investering, ’n verhoging in bruto binnelandse produk en gunstiger handelsbalanse. In die lig van bogenoemde voordele vir lande wat ryk is aan oliehulpbronne, sou die logiese afleiding wees dat die lewenstandaard van die burgers van hierdie lande die afgelope paar jaar drasties moes verhoog het. Hierdie verslag het dit ten doel om te sien of Angola, wat die wêreld se vinnigs groeiende olieprodusent in terme van verhoogde produksie in vate per dag is, werklik sy burgers ekonomiese voorspoed vir die toekoms bied. Belangrike punte wat in die verslag na vore kom, is die onvermydelike probleme waarmee Angola te kampe het weens die land se historiese agtergrond en die onlangse burgeroorlog van sewe-en-twintig jaar. Interne en eksterne probleme wat Angola teister is die gevolge van • “Dutch Disease” • Skommelende oliepryse • Swak staatsbestuur • Institusionele kapasiteit China is ’n nuwe, hoewel ietwat kontroversiële, faktor in Angola se vooruitgang en stel minder beperkende voorwaardes as Angola se tradisionele bronne vir finansiering en hulpverlening. Met Chinese hulp is Angola nou besig met die heropbou van sy infrastruktuur, wat noodsaaklik is as hy die negatiewe aspekte van die land se afhanlikheid van olie-ontginning wil afskud. Korrupsie binne die oliebedryf is egter nog beduidend en dit is duidelik dat die pogings van internasionale maatskappye en nie-regeringsorganisasies om die probleem die hoof te bied, beperk sal bly tensy die regerings en alle belanghebbende partye kennis neem van nuwe etiese en sosiaal verantwoordelike optredes en dit aanvaar. Afrika gaan deur ’n nuwe fase waar die vasteland self verantwoordelikheid aanvaar vir sy interne probleme. Die demokratisering van die vasteland behels die aanvaarding van nuwe standaarde ten opsigte van die bekamping van korrupsie. Ten slotte noem die verslag dat daar lesse te leer is van ander lande wat hul inkomste uit hulpbron-ontginning tot voordeel van toekomstige geslagte aanwend. Lande soos Botswana (diamante) en Noorweë (olie) maak gebruik van beleggingsfondse om die land se afhanklikheid van die hulpbron te beperk en om die uitwerking van prysskommelings van die kommoditeit teen te werk. Met inagneming van bogenoemde oorwegings kan nie verwag word dat Angola oornag ekonomiese sukses sal behaal nie, maar die land het alles wat nodig is om mettertyd sy regmatige plek op die vasteland in te neem en na vore te tree as nog ’n ekonomiese suksesverhaal uit Afrika.
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Hızal, Bayçın Deniz Bayraktar Oğuz. "Adsorption of olive leaf antioxidants on silk fibroin/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2006. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezlerengelli/master/kimyamuh/T000551.pdf.
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Jermoumi, Rabia. "Structural econometric model of the European Union olive oil sector /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164515.
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Anwana, Edward, Zaid E. Azaizeh, Onur Özmen, and Ndi George Tebeck. "The Evolution of Industry towards Sustainability : A Case Study of the Olive Oil Industry." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2008.
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In this thesis, the need for the step by step transformation of industry towards sustainability is emphasized. This work involves looking at the Olive Oil Industry (OOI) from a systems perspective through the lens of Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD) and applying backcasting from a principled view of socio-ecological sustainability. A specific project is also looked at, the Integrated Waste Management Project (IWMP), which aims at contributing to the sustainability of this particular industry. The OOI was analysed through the ABCD methodology, a tool used in planning for SSD, and measures were drawn up to guide the industry’s transformation. Following this analysis, the IWMP was examined within the context and results of the OOI research. Overall, the industry is transitioning and the IWMP is a good opportunity and contributor to the evolution of the Olive Oil Industry towards sustainability. At the same time, OOI and other industries would benefit greatly from embracing a systems perspective and a strategic approach for sustainable development.
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Chen, Tina Yiping. "Trade liberalisation, intra-industry trade and adjustment costs." Phd thesis, 1999, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144503.
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Tapon, Njamo Julien Serge. "Olive wastewater bioremediation using a rotating biological contactor (RBC)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2023.
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Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012.The expansion of the South African olive processing industry has brought an increased threat to the environment. More production activities lead to more wastewater generation that requires more costly treatment. Regulatory bodies concerned with the release of effluents into the environment are imposing evermore-restrictive guidelines. With this information in mind, the South African olive industry is facing a significant challenge of maintaining economic competitiveness while becoming more environmentally benign. To begin addressing this challenge, the olive processing industry must develop and implement new, more effective, tailored treatment technologies to remediate olive wastewater prior to its release into the environment. In this study, the use of indigenous olive wastewater biofilms in combination with a rotating biological contactor (RBC) was investigated for possible bioremediation purposes. The development of microbial biofilms resulted in the breakdown of the hazardous chemical compounds present in the olive wastewater, i.e. reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and polyphenol content. Results showed that indigenous microorganisms within table olive and olive mill wastewater have a strong tendency to form biofilms. Furthermore, when these biofilms are applied to a small-scale RBC system, significant lower levels of both COD (on average 55% for table olive wastewater (TOWW) and 46% for olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and total phenol (on average 51% for TOWW and 39% for OMWW) were obtained. Results from shocking the biofilms with chemicals routinely used during olive processing indicates that most have a negative effect on the biofilm population, but that the biofilms are able to survive and recover in a relatively short time. This study confirms the potential application of indigenous biofilms found in olive wastewater streams for future bioremediation technologies that form the basis for the development of an eco-friendly, easy-to-manage, low cost technologies specifically designed for the small South African olive processing industry.
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Ahmad, Mohamad. "The WTO-EU Environmental Policies for the International Olive Oil Market and Trade Competitiveness." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-131513.
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A debate over environmental policies and trade competitiveness, “Do environmental policies really matter to impact trade competitiveness?” still exists during the past decade. The thesis aims at investigating the impact of WTO-EU environmental policies for the international olive oil market on production and export competitiveness of developing countries. In particular, we focus our analysis on the agro-industrial sector in the Arab countries, and we take specific reference to the case of the olive oil agro-industrial sector in Syria. In the frame of a partial equilibrium trade model, we incorporate the “end-of-the-pipe” environmental policies which in turn enhance the productivity of the polluting input. Moreover, a part of the burden of environmental compliance may be shifted onto foreign consumers. The most novel part of our model consists of the augmented effect of compliance with environmental policies, which includes not only the standard impact on the effective product price, but also on the input shadow price. The empirical findings, based on Syrian data, provide strong support to the Porter Hypothesis and its application to international markets for agro-industrial products. Accordingly, the study disproves the legitimacy of concerns that stricter environmental policies in developing economies may have negative impacts on their production and export competitiveness. In contrast, our results show that compliance with environmental policies under the large country assumption has positive effects on their international competitiveness of environmentally sensitive sectors, in particular. Therefore, the policy implications suggest the implementation of strict environmental regulatory policies supporting environmentally sound technologies.
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Fung, Ping Kuen. "Motor-trade industry in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 1995. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636714.
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Jones, David Francis. "Financing Roman trade and industry." Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402255.
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Sağlam, Aziz İbrahim. "Three essays on international trade strategic trade policies, intra-industry trade, and income convergence /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4602.
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Michels, Trudie. "The 'good oil' the role olive oil plays in the lives of Western Australian consumers /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0053.html.
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Hanson, Gordon H. (Gordon Howard). "Industry agglomeration and trade in Mexico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13177.
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Badinger, Harald, and Fritz Breuss. "Trade and productivity. An industry perspective." Europainstitut, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/116/1/document.pdf.
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We use a sample of 14 OECD countries and 15 manufacturing industries to test for the effect of trade on productivity. Endogeneity concerns are accounted for using the geographical component of trade as instrument as suggested by Frankel and Romer (1999). Our results are in line with previous studies: Trade increases productivity. What is puzzling, however, is the size of the effect: An increase in the export ratio by one percentage point increases productivity in manufacturing by 0.6 percent on average. This is less than half of the effect obtained in previous studies. We discuss likely explanations for this discrepancy.Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
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Gollan, Hugh. "The New Zealand dairy industry--international trade & industry structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13343.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1991.Title as it appears in the June, 1991 M.I.T. Graduate List: International trade in dairy products and the New Zeland industry.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Hugh Gollan.
M.S.
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Raftopoulos, Helen Georgia. "The history of Greek olive oil and perfumed oil and their containers in the Greek world between 1100 and 480 B.C." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308874.
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Garcette, Arnaud. "La filière oléicole au pied du Mur : adaptations et contournements socio-économiques palestiniens face à l'occupation israélienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3101/document.
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Cette recherche porte sur l’adaptation socio-économique de la filière oléicole palestinienne face aux dispositifs de contrôle et de séparation israéliens (1993-2013). Cette filière a fait l’objet d’une profonde réhabilitation sur le plan politique, puisque les oliviers sont progressivement devenus l’icône du peuple palestinien et le symbole de sa lutte contre l’occupation. Tout en analysant la manière dont l’occupation bouleverse en profondeur leur environnement, l’étude envisage les Palestiniens comme des acteurs qui apprennent à contourner les restrictions israéliennes en développant des pratiques spécifiques et de nouveaux réseaux. L’analyse interroge notamment le rôle ambigu que jouent les acteurs étrangers, de plus en plus nombreux à se rendre en Cisjordanie pour des raisons professionnelles, touristiques, mais aussi militantes. Les oliviers palestiniens constituent un vecteur privilégié pour canaliser aussi bien les flux d’aide internationale que les manifestations de solidarité, ce qui génère de nombreuses retombées politiques et économiques. Des acteurs variés ont ainsi développé un large éventail de projets de développement, de services touristiques et de produits vendus au nom de la solidarité avec les Palestiniens, autour de l’oléiculture. En participant à ces nouveaux marchés, ils se soumettent à des contraintes qui les obligent à modifier leurs modes de faire, leurs discours, et leurs réseaux. Partant de l’étude des transformations des pratiques oléicoles sous l’effet de la politique de séparation, ce travail ouvre plus globalement sur une analyse de « l’économie de la séparation » et des relations entre les différents acteurs des espaces israélo-palestiniensThis research focuses on the socio-economic adaptation of the Palestinian olive oil sector in the face of Israeli control and separation schemes (1993-2013). This sector has benefited from a deep political rehabilitation, since olive trees have gradually become the icon of the Palestinian people and the symbol of their struggle against the occupation. While analyzing how the occupation devices deeply disrupt their environment, the study considers the Palestinians as active players who are learning to bypass Israeli restrictions by developing specific practices, formal and informal, and developing new networks. The analysis also focuses on the central role played by the growing number of foreigners in the West Bank (business people, tourists, pilgrims or activists). Palestinian olive trees are an opportune channel for both international aid and demonstrations of solidarity, generating many political and economic benefits. Various people have developed a wide range of development projects, tourist services and products sold in the name of solidarity with the Palestinians. By participating in these new markets, they undergo logistical and competitive constraints that force them to change their practices, their speeches and their networks. These interactions involve indeed a reorganization of economic practices but also a change in power, dependence and hierarchy relations between all the stakeholders. Based on the study of the transformations of olive practices as a result of the separation policy, this work opens more broadly into an analysis of "the separation of the economy" and the relationships between both the inhabitants and the visitors of Israeli-Palestinian lands
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Wong, Tat-kwong Dennis. "Opportunity search in coral trade industry : business opportunity around water related industry in today economic environment /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1994326X.
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Eliasson, Johanna. "Intra-industry trade between Sweden and Russia." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11636.
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The purpose of the thesis is to determine whether Russia has changed its intra-industry trade pattern with Sweden between the years of 1997 and 2003. To be able to see any changes five products, vehicles, grain, forest, optical instruments and jewellery has been chosen. With the Grubel-Lloyd index the products will be analysed and the index will also measure the extent of the intra-industry trade between Sweden and Russia
Theories predict that countries with similar factor endowments and income tend to have a two-way trade which would indicate that Russia is starting to catch up to the industrialised countries, in this thesis that would be Sweden. The theory of income effects predicts that when consumers are getting a larger budget they will start to move away from the most necessary goods and towards more luxury good consumption.
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Lynham, Mark B. "Nontariff Trade Barriers in the Beef Industry." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/310779.
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Boonyanate, Chaiyasith. "Preferential Trade Agreements, taxation, and industry location." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/09add859-8c8b-46c7-a38a-54e78001a8a6.
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Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) affect both the pattern of trade and the location choices of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Thus, the formation of a PTA may have adverse effects on the excluded countries and result in inter-regional tax competition. Nonetheless, this connection has not so far been fully analysed in the literature. This thesis is an attempt to fill in this gap in the theoretical literature by examining the effects of the formation of a PTA on the location of industry and welfare of the countries involved, as well as investigating the impact of subsequent policy responses that may arise as a result of the adverse effects of the formation of a PTA. We motivate our theoretical analysis we first conduct a preliminary empirical study to investigate whether a recent decline in the statutory rates of corporation income tax (CIT) is caused by tax policy interactions among countries. To do so, we use data for 21 EU countries from 2000 to 2009 to carry out an econometric analysis of tax policy interactions among EU countries. Our results support the hypothesis that some European countries’ governments used statutory CIT rates to compete against other countries. We also find that, at the individual country level, the high personal income tax rate countries use the effective marginal tax rate while the lower personal income tax rate countries use the CIT rate to compete over attracting investment. We then construct a three-country general equilibrium model based on the New Economic Geography approach to analyse the possible effects of the formation of a PTA as well as the effects of the subsequent policy responses. We consider the situation in which two of the countries form a PTA and the third country acts as the ‘rest of the world’. The simulation results suggest that: - An eradication of intra-tariff between PTAs member countries always attracts investments from the excluded country.- A rise in the external tariff rate - by the excluded country – is not an effective policy to retain investments, where firms already agglomerate in PTA area.- The excluded country’s government has no incentive to reduce its CIT rate if the external tariffs are sufficiently high. Our theoretical setup also enables us to show that PTA member countries may respond to the reduction of the excluded country’s CIT rates. Specifically, the scenario in which only one of the member countries engages in tax competition with the excluded country, while another member keeps imposing its status quo CIT rate, the most innovative part of our contribution, can be used to explain the difference in CIT rates observed within the EU in which, in the presence of virtually free intra-EU trade, some members impose very low CIT rates and are able to attract a large portion of investments whilst other EU countries choose to maintain higher CIT rates.
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Bassam, Abdoljabbar. "Foreign Trade in Petrochemical Industry of Iran." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258786.
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Iran's economy is characterized by over dependence on the oil sector. Iran has been gradually growing into a centre for production of petrochemicals in the world. Petrochemical industry is one of the significant components of oil industry and is one of the principal industries in Iran which has an influential role in Iran's economy. Although it is widely acknowledged that exports, particularly through manufactured components, play an important role as a potential source of economic growth. Hence, the aim of this research is to analysis the impact of petrochemical products export revenue on economic growth. Therefore the main objective of this research is the study of export-led growth hypothesis (ELG hypothesis) of Iran's economy in the petrochemical industry by taking a time series data for the period of 1990-2010. It applies ordinary least square (OLS) method to investigate the relationship between gross domestic product, exports of petrochemical products, real exchange rate and inflation. The results of the study show that there is a positive relationship between export of petrochemical products and economic growth which validate export-led growth hypothesis in petrochemical industry while negative impact of inflation and real exchnage rate is observed. Furthermore, in this study SWOT analysis of the Iran petrochemical industry is presented.
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Leung, Kwan-hoo Crsis. "Hong Kong retail industry in 21st century /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20577187.
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Yan, Yuk-fung Sophia. "A study on the clothing industry of Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1231836X.
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Hansson, Pär. "Intra-industry trade: measurements, determinants and growth : a study of Swedish foreign trade." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100372.
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Giri, Jeeten Krishna. "REGIONAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, INTRA-NATIONAL TRADE, AND INDUSTRY-LEVEL INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IN INDIA." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1590.
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This dissertation addresses specific issues on domestic and foreign trade in India. The three chapters of the dissertation are summarized as follows. In the first chapter, we analyze the existence of regional wage differences across Indian states, and how domestic trade affects those premiums. We follow a two-step estimation process used in the literature on Labor Economics. Our empirical results show that higher level of domestic imports tends to reduce the state premiums, and higher domestic exports increase those premiums, which is consistent with a specific factor Ricardo-Viner model. Thus, promoting domestic trade by with states specializing in certain industries may lead to higher welfare within the country. In addition, we find, state premiums depend negatively on state-level amenities measured by per-capita power availability, and does not depend on the richness of the State measured by per-capita Net State Domestic Product. In the second chapter, we look at the pattern and determinants of inter-state manufacturing trade in India. In the paper, we use information on 12 manufacturing industries categorized under 5 sectors from 2005 to 2013 with two-year intervals in between. We find that a 1\% decrease in income ratio between importing state net state domestic product and exporting state net domestic product has significantly varying effects on trade flows across the different sectors. For coal and minerals, the effect is 36.8%, for chemical it is 105%, for metals it is 31.5% and for cement, it is 36.8%. In all these case a decrease in income ratio increases exports. For machinery, a 1% decrease in income ratio lead to approximately 9.3% reduction in trade. This suggests that machineries which are capital goods are more imported by richer states, whereas the other goods which can be classified as intermediate inputs are more imported by poorer states. We also find that infrastructure promotes trade and on average infrastructure reduces the effect of contiguity by around 28.6% and promotes trade even between non-contiguous states. Therefore, infrastructure in the form of roadways, highways, and railways must be built and maintained to promote facilitate trade in India. In chapter three, we compare the effects of tariffs and non-tariff barriers on Indian exports. We use Indian HS-96 four-digit industry level export data from COMTRADE and tariff data from TRAINS database for the study. The overall result suggests that input tariffs have the largest effect on exports, followed by final tariff and foreign tariffs. A 1% reduction in input tariff leads to around 8.6% increase in exports. A similar reduction in final tariffs and foreign tariffs lead to 3.6% and 2.8% increase, respectively in exports. Thus, we conclude that the supply side effect of exports dominates the demand side effects. From a policy perspective, if countries try to improve trade balance by imposing high tariffs, it may lead to a negative effect on exports through the input tariff effects.
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CHIARA, FILOMENA. "Sustainability of food industry wastes for the production of healthy food: the case study of olive pâté." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/382613.
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L'industria e i prodotti agroalimentari generano una grande quantità di rifiuti. La gestione e lo smaltimento di questi rifiuti ha un forte impatto sulla comunità in termini di costi e inquinamento ambientale, tanto che negli ultimi anni le imprese operanti nei paesi industrializzati hanno prestato sempre più attenzione alla valutazione dell'impatto ambientale e della produzione di prodotti di qualità. La valorizzazione di questi materiali di scarto, attraverso varie tecnologie di recupero, può generare una vasta gamma di composti organici ad alto valore aggiunto. In particolare, l'uso di biofenoli (fito-composti specifici con attività antiossidante), estratti da scarti di lavorazione dell'industria agroalimentare, ha recentemente suscitato grande interesse sul mercato come prodotti antiossidanti in quanto possono essere impiegati in vari settori industriali. Un interesse particolare è legato alla loro utilizzo nel mercato dei prodotti per la salute umana sia come prodotti nutraceutici che come cosmetici. Il recupero e la successiva trasformazione per il riutilizzo di questi rifiuti consente di ottenere più benefici allo stesso tempo: riduce l’inquinamento ambientale causato dallo smaltimento dei rifiuti e allo stesso tempo la necessità di risorse naturali diminuisce, grazie all'estensione del ciclo di vita del prodotto, conseguentemente si alimenta un nuovo mercato più sostenibile. In particolare, l'estrazione di polifenoli dalle acque di vegetazione delle industrie olearie da utilizzare nel settore alimentare ha interessato alcuni ricercatori che hanno sperimentato l’aggiunta di polifenoli estratti dalle foglie di ulivo nel paté d'oliva, aumentando ulteriormente le proprietà benefiche del prodotto.Industry and agri-food products generate a large amount of waste. The management and disposal of this waste has a major impact on the community in terms of costs and environmental pollution, so much so that in recent years, companies operating in industrialized countries have paid ever-increasing attention to the assessment of environmental impact and production of quality products. The valorization of these waste materials, through various recovery technologies, can generate a wide range of organic compounds with high added value. In particular, the use of biophenols (specific phyto-compounds with antioxidant activity), extracted from processing waste from the agri-food industry, has recently attracted great interest in the market as antioxidant products since they can be used in various industrial sectors. Particular interest is linked to their application in the market of products for human health both as nutraceutical products and as cosmetics. The exploitation of these waste allows to obtain more benefits at the same time: reducing the environmental problem caused by the disposal of waste, reducing the need for natural resources thanks to the extension of the product life cycle and the increase of a new, more sustainable market. In particular, the extraction of polyphenols from the vegetation waters of the oil industries for use in the food sector has involved some researchers who have experimented with
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Terzi, Esra. "The 19th Century Olive Oil Industry In Ayvalik And Its Impact On The Settlement Pattern." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609171/index.pdf.
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Ayvalik which is located on the Aegean coast of the West Anatolia made its main breakthrough in the 19th century and owe this development to olive oil production which was the main economic input of the settlement since the establishment of Ayvalik.
Ayvalik was within the hinterland of izmir which was gained importance as a regional trade centre in the 19th century. Thus, Ayvalik found the way to improve its trade relations in an international level and eventually increase its olive oil production volume due to the growing demands.
The new form of olive oil productionfactories, developed together with the traditional house and workshop productions in the last quarter of the 19th century in Ayvalik. These three forms of production made up the second significant usage within the Ayvalik after the residential areas. The two or more floored, large volumed buildings were especially located on the shore, near to the port and trade facilities, on a flat terrain and became the most dominant and attractive buildings of the settlement. Besides the impressive industrial buildings, olive oil production itself effected the settlement pattern of Ayvalik. The main transportation axes were formed accordingly to the relationship between raw material areas and production places. The olive oil production also has an effect on the physical development direction of the settlement. The areas influenced from the negative effects of the production i.e., smell and dust were not chosen for development. The development of industrial buildings also blocked the physical relationship between the residential areas and sea. The industrial buildings such as factories, workshops and warehouses along the coast line reflect the industrial character of Ayvalik in the settlement&rsquo
s silhouette.
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Giannopoulou, Anna. "The economic development of the Greek olive-oil industry with special reference to Messenia Province." Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14747/.
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This study examines the economic development of the Greek Olive Industry. Its focal point is the impact of recent socio-economic processes on the structure and organisation of the industry. In the first part, which is concerned with the rural sector, it is argued that olive cultivation and its development through time, has been constrained by a number of social, structural and institutional factors which are identified and their influence is then discussed. It is contended that recent changes due to the imposition of the EEC regime have brought about socio-economic processes which have considerably affected the mode of organisation of the rural sector in particular and the whole industry in general. In the second part of this study, which is concerned with the urban sector, it is argued that during the last decade, rapid change has transformed the outlook of the second-stage processing of the industry. This change has affected the structure in two ways. First, there has been a large increase inkhe number of small packing units which operate in domestic market niches and compete for a share in the export trade. Secondly, there has been a concentration of output and economic power in the hands of three leading packers, two multinational subsidiaries, and the cooperative enterprise Eleour7_giki. The financial base of this industrial change, though, is somewhat artificial. In particular, expansion in production and the modernisation process which has been taking place recently, are largely based on the CAP support system to the second-stage processing and packing, and also to large amounts of earnings which every year go through tax evasion.
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Mercatante, Dario <1992>. "Valorization of by-products from olive oil industry and their utilization for innovative food formulation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10157/1/Tesi%20Dottorato%20Dario%20Mercatante.pdf.
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The purpose of this thesis work was the valorization of the main by-products obtained from olive oil production chain (wastewater and pomace) and their utilization in innovative food formulation. In the first part of the thesis, an olive mill wastewater extract rich in phenols were used in the formulation of 3 innovative meat products: beef hamburgers, cooked ham and würstels. These studies confirms that olive mill wastewaters extract rich in phenols could be an alternative for the reduction/total replacement of additives (i.e., nitrites) in ground and cooked meat preparations, which would promote the formulation of healthier clean label products and improve the sustainability of the olive oil industry with a circular economy approach, by further valorizing this olive by-product. In the second part of the thesis, the lipid composition and oxidative stability of a spreadable product obtained from a fermented and biologically de-bittered olive pomace, was assessed during a shelf-life study. This study confirmed that olive pomace represents an excellent ingredient for the formulation of functional foods
In the third and last part of the thesis, carried out at the Universidad de Navarra (Pamplona, Spain), during a period abroad (3 months), three extracts obtained from purification of olive mill wastewaters, were subjected to in-vitro digestion and characterized. From the analysis of the three phenolic extracts, it emerged that the most promising extract to be used in the food field is the spry-dried one. Thanks to its formulation containing maltodextrins it manages to maintain its antioxidant capacity even after being underwent to in-vitro digestion.
This thesis work is a part of the PRIN 2015 project (PROT: 20152LFKAT) "Olive phenols as multifunctional bioactives for healthier food: evaluation of simplified formulation to obtain safe meat products and new foods with higher functionality", coordinated by University of Perugia.
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Hotopp, Ulrike. "Trade, innovation and employment : three essays on the UK's trade with Europe." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323016.
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Aspers, Patrik, and A. Darr. "Trade shows and the creation of market and industry." Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-64736.
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This study addresses the question of the constitution of markets in advanced societies.Specifically, the article studies the role of the traveling trade show in creatingthe real time computing market, which is part of the US electronics sector, duringthe mid-1990’s. Real time computing products assist the transfer, storage and processingof digital signals in real time and support many of the internet applicationswe use today.By applying ethnographic methods,we explore the general question ofhow economic actors cope with uncertainty in the phase of market-making and atthe cutting edge of technology. The paper makes two contributions to the existingliterature. First, it shows that the attempt to organize a trade show in real timecomputing was triggered by the uncertainty experienced by sellers regarding theidentity of prospective buyers and about the exact use to which they would put theemergent technology which is offered for sale. Secondly, we trace the history of anemergent market.We claim that trade shows for innovative products are importantvenues at which markets coalesce.The identification and ordering of market actors,the institutionalization of a distinct business culture and the social networks developedamong market actors and across the subsidiary markets provided the basicsocial infrastructure for what later became known as the real time computingindustry.M2007-0244:1-PK
European Research Council ERC-2010- StG 263699-CEV
VR 2009–1958
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DENGLER, Benedikt Hermann. "Essays on trade, human capital and industry structure." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/61765.
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Defence date: 11 March 2019Examining Board: Prof. Piero Gottardi, European University Institute and University of Essex (Supervisor); Prof. Arpad Abraham, European University Institute; Prof. Simon Evenett, University of St. Gallen; Prof. Enghin Atalay, University of Wisconsin-Madison
This thesis consists of four chapters, covering a range of economic fields and methodologies. Chapter 1, joint work with Vinzenz Ziesemer, investigates how skill supply incentives and general equilibrium wage effects shape the earnings distribution, connecting two separate strands of the literature on earnings inequality. On the one hand, the literature on skillbiased technological change studies how general equilibrium effects between different types of workers shape relative earnings and thus the income distribution. On the other hand, the literature on taxation suggests that incentives to accumulate human capital drive the earnings distribution. Combining data on occupational skills and US Census data, we first show empirically that job skills can be summarized by two dimensions: manual and cognitive skills. We show further that the latter strongly correlates with traditional measures of schooling, while the former does not. Based on these observations, we build a model featuring both human captial accumulation incentives for cognitive skills and general equilibrium wage effects between manual and cognitive skill prices. We theoretically investigate the response of the earnings distribution to changes in the tax progressivity which alter the incentives to accumulate cognitive human capital. It is shown that changes in tax progressivity like those occurring during the second half of the 20th century can lead to polarization in the labor market. A calibrated version of the model predicts these effects to be relatively small quantitatively. Chapters 2 and 3 empirically investigate the effects of international agreements on import shares in the government sector, focusing on different types of agreements and methodologies. Chapter 2, joint work with Bernard Hoekman, employs a cross-country panel regression framework to study the effect of the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) on government sector import shares in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. A growing trade policy literature investigates the potential role of international agreements in reducing future policy uncertainty and thereby facilitating trade. This potentially provides an alternative channel for the GPA to impact trade in addition to faciliating reciprocal market access. Our results are suggestive of such international disciplines acting as an effective commitment device: GPA membership is associated with 1 a significantly higher import share following the 2008 financial crisis than is observed for countries that are not members. In addition, there is evidence that the GPA and PTAs that cover public procurement are partial substitutes. Chapter 3 focuses on the relationship between the depth of PTA public procurement provisions and their trade effects. Recently, an increasing number of PTAs include public procurement chapters, characterized by an increasing level of detail. The emergence and proliferation of detailed PP provisions in PTAs raises the question of whether these more substantive types of agreements have a real effects on bilateral trade in a systematic way. In this chapter I study to what extent the proliferation and deepening of PP provisions in recent PTAs leads to tangible changes in the tradeflows they cover, using a bilateral gravity framework. Previous research has not found real effects of PP openness commitments and attributed this to a lack of legal enforceability (Rickard and Kono 2014). I revisit this question using more direct measures of PP imports and a novel classification of PTA PP provisions by Shingal and Ereshchenko (2018), explicitly designed to distinguish PP provisions by their legal enforceability. I find that the presence of deep PP provisions is indeed associated with significantly higher trade volume absorbed by the government sector in the importing country. When looking at government imports disaggregated by economic sector, it becomes clear that this aggregate finding is driven primarily by service sector imports. Furthermore, the real impact of PP provisions seems to be driven primarily by the European Union. The results are not robust to excluding intra-EU bilateral flows. Chapter 4 is joint work with Árpád Ábrahám and T. Kirk White. The chapter describes a research proposal aiming to study the effect of the ownership structures along supply chains on firms’ bargaining power in input markets. Two recent contributions document that (a) supply chain considerations are not the prime focus of vertical integration and (b) input prices display substantial heterogeneity across U.S. firms. In this paper, we propose to empirically test whether vertical integration and input price dispersion are related, using unique features of U.S. Economic Census micro data that have already been employed by Atalay et al. (2014) and Atalay (2014). In particular, we argue that owning productive capacities upstream endows firms with informational or bargaining advantages which result in lower procurement prices for their downstream units. We propose to decompose input price dispersion in a between-supplier and a within-supplier component and investigate how both components contribute to the input price advantage of vertically integrated firms. This project sheds light on the determinants of measured firm productivity. Input price dispersion through the between-supplier component predicts measured productivity dispersion through supplier selection, while within-supplier price dispersion implies that measured productivity dispersion is driven by differences in supplier market power.
-- 1 Polarization: A Supply-Side Mechanism (co-authored with Vinzenz Ziesemer) -- 2 The WTO Government Procurement Agreement as a Commitment Device: A First Economic Appraisal (co-authored with Bernard Hoekman) -- 3 Trade Volume Effects of Public Procurement Provisions in Preferential Trade Agreements -- 4 Determinants of Input Price Dispersion (co-authored with Árpád Ábrahám and T. Kirk White) -- Bibliography
Chapter 2 'The WTO Government Procurement Agreement as a Commitment Device: A First Economic Appraisal' of the PhD thesis has previously been published as CEPR Discussion Paper No. 13266.
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Sichei, Moses Muse. "South Africa-US intra-industry trade in services." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09262005-124632.
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Harjono, Ay San. "Intra-industry in Australia's trade : patterns and determinants /." [St, Lucia. Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17793.pdf.
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Amor, Nicholas R. "The Trade and Industry of Late Medieval Ipswich." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514254.
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Wojcik, Charlotte A. (Charlote Anne). "Studies of the automobile industry and international trade." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10841.
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Laha, Sidhartha Sankar. "A Study of India`s intra-industry trade." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/554.
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Pak, Che-hun. "A comparative applied economic analysis of Soviet foreign trade : an intra-industry trade approach /." Connect to resource, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262716466.
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Sorensen, Daniel Schäfer Henry. "Automotive development process a real options analysis /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2006. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231855.
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Lunde, Amaris. "Rural development and sustainable agriculture in the European Union Mediterranean : a case study on olive oil production in Kefalonia, Greece /." Online version, 2007. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/hcc&CISOPTR=2385&REC=14.
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Yam, Ying-sim Gladys. "Retail industry : some aspects of future prospects /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17983514.
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Senoglu, Demet. "Measuring Vertical And Horizontal Intra-industry Trade For Turkish Manufacturing Industry Over Time." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1219088/index.pdf.
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In traditional trade theories, foreign trade plays the role of filling the gap of products not produced within the country. However, in the early 1960s increasing exchange of similar products, intra-industry trade, in the world trade have been observed by trade theorists. After the realization of the fact that intra-industry trade has become a very important part of world trade, more comprehensive studies on intra-industry trade have been conducted. At the end of the 1970s, trade theorists started to analyze intra-industry trade between developed countries (horizontal intra-industry trade) and intra-industry trade between developed and developing countries (vertical intra-industry trade) separately, because their characteristics were different. Horizontal intra-industry models were characterized by attribute variation between products while vertical intra-industry models were characterized by quality variation.
This study investigates the issue of measurement of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade for Turkish manufacturing industry. We address the questions of whether the intra-industry trade in Turkish manufacturing sector is more of the horizontal or the vertical type and whether the vertical industries dominates horizontal industries in number at the 3- digit industry level.
Empirical analyses shows that the majority of intra-industry trade in Turkish manufacturing sector is of the vertical natureTurkish manufacturing sector exports lower quality varieties in exchange for higher quality varieties. Also, our empirical analyses indicate that a large percent of 3- digit industries considered as primarily involved in intra-industry trade are vertical industries.
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Chong, Wing-yi Elena, and 莊詠怡. "The impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization on itstextile trade." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953426.
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Yan, Yuk-fung Sophia, and 甄玉鳳. "A study on the clothing industry of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197465X.
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Service, Jessica. "Seeing the forest for the trees an examination of the Canadian/United States softwood lumber dispute and the impact of dispute resolution procedures /." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1114460538.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Political Science, 2005.Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [2], ix, 199 p. : ill., maps. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-147).