Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Olive A'
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Julca, Chávez Irene Consuelo. "Analysis of the Olive genome." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/459083.
Full textThe olive tree (Olea europaea, Oleaceae) is an iconic plant of Mediterranean countries for cultural, historical and biological reasons. The olive species comprises six subspecies (europaea, maroccana, cerasiformis, laperrinei, guanchica, and cuspidata) that together form the so-called O. europaea complex. Likewise, the subsp. europaea is divided into two taxonomic varieties: var. europaea, that comprises all the cultivated forms, and var. sylvestris (also called oleaster), that includes the wild forms. The olive tree has been intensively cultivated since 6,000 years ago, coinciding with the emergence of early Mediterranean civilizations. Because of the interest of the drupes both as table olives and as raw material to produce olive oil, the olive tree is an essential crop across the Mediterranean basin. This doctoral thesis aims to provide insights into the biology and the evolution of the cultivated olive and relatives. To this end, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated a reference genome obtained from a single individual (O. europaea L. var. europaea). Phylogenomic analysis and assessment of allelic relative coverage suggest up to four polyploidization events in the evolutionary history of the olive. Two ancient allopolyploidization events at the base of the family Oleaceae (Eocene-Late Cretaceous), and the tribe Oleeae (Oligocene-Miocene), followed by two polyploidizations in the ancestor of O. europaea (Miocene-Pliocene) since its divergence from Phillyrea angustifolia. In order to study the diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the O. europaea complex, we additionally sequenced the genome of at least one individual per subspecies. Our results show that cultivated olive trees exhibit less nucleotide diversity when compared with wild relatives. Different sets of genes were found to be under positive selection in each cultivar included in this study (‘Arbequina’, ‘Beladi’, ‘Farga’, ‘Picual’, ‘Sorani’). In addition to hybridization involving polyploidization (allopolyploidization), phylogenomic analysis revealed extensive homoploid hybridization among lineages of the O. europaea complex, which results in a continuous gene flow from wild to domesticated olive trees. In particular, cv. ‘Farga’ has a different origin than the other cultivars included in this study, and shows evidence for secondary domestication events in the Iberian Peninsula. In summary, this study helps unravel the evolutionary history of O. europaea, and uncover a complex scenario of polyploidization and hybridization that resulted in recurrent gene duplications.
Warnock, Peter. "Identification of ancient olive oil processing methods based on olive remains /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144469.
Full textHeidenreich, Viviane D'Avila. "Olive Schreiner." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/168162.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T04:58:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 340389.pdf: 2438838 bytes, checksum: 2753c61707b83bc2429d0f03fc90bc4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
Abstract : This dissertation examines, from a postcolonial perspective, the work of Olive Schreiner, a South African feminist and socialist writer and social theorist. Schreiner lived at the turn of the nineteenth century, a period when the New Imperialism was at its height, and witnessed some of the most relevant events in South African history. Emotionally divided by a double identification with both England, her mother?s land, and South Africa, the land where she was born, her bi-national sense of identity did not prevent her from becoming one of the most active voices against British imperialist policies in South Africa. The aim of my research is to bring to light the political side of Olive Schreiner, exploring some of her fictional and theoretical works, as well as her personal letters, to trace mainly her anti-imperialist and anti-racist ideas. In doing so, I will show that Schreiner?s discourse of resistance somehow advanced some of the issues developed later by postcolonial critics and theorists.
A presente tese examina, sob uma perspectiva pós-colonial, a obra de Olive Schreiner, uma escritora feminista e socialista e teórica social sul-africana. Schreiner viveu na virada do século dezenove, período em que o Novo Imperialismo estava no seu auge, e testemunhou alguns dos eventos mais relevantes da história da África do Sul. Dividida afetivamente entre a Inglaterra, terra de sua mãe, e a África, lugar onde nasceu e cresceu, seu senso de identidade binacional não a impediu de tornar-se uma das vozes mais ativas contra o imperialismo britânico na África. O objetivo da minha pesquisa é trazer à tona o lado político de Olive Schreiner, explorando algumas de suas obras, ficcionais e teóricas, assim como suas cartas pessoais, em busca principalmente de suas ideias anti-imperialistas e antirracistas. Com essa análise pretendo mostrar que o discurso de resistência de Schreiner, de algum modo, antecipou alguns dos conceitos explorados pela teoria pós-colonial.
Milosevic, Jelena. "Isolation and characterization of therapeutic and biotechnological molecules from Olea europaea." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325851.
Full textMendes, Inês Isabel Matos. "Estudo de caso de um lagar de azeite tradicional na Beira Interior. Análise sócio-económica e ambiental." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5265.
Full textThis thesis aimed to highlight the importance that traditional olive mills still have among small olive growers, through the analysis of socio-economic and environmental aspects. The study took place in Sertã (Beira Interior region), at the Cooperativa Agrícola dos Olivicultores de Palhais. The adopted methodology included monitoring of the olive oil production cycle of, fromolive harvesting to its processing, and subsequently physico-chemical analyzes of olive, olive pomace and wastewater from olive washing and olive oil clean-up. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that there are some aspects of processing procedure that should be improved in order to optimize the quality of olive oil as it was classified as “Lampante”. On the other hand, it would be necessary to do a more complete environmental evaluation, especially regarding the characterization and quantification of the different wastewater streams and its quantification, in order to be able to propose more sustainable alternatives than the ones currently implemented. However, it should be noticed that it was possible to illustrate the fact that traditional olive mills play a key role at a social level, in the communities where they are located.
Kjellström, Felicia. "Impact of Olive Cultivation on Biodiversity in Messenia, Greece." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-107144.
Full textAlberti, Jean-Christophe. "Etude du mécanisme catalytique de la lipoxygenase 1 d’olive." Thesis, Corte, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CORT0009/document.
Full textLipoxygenases (LOXs, EC 1.13.11.12) are widespread dioxygenases containing a non heminic iron atom. In plants, LOXs are at the beginning of a metabolic pathway involved in several physiological processes and in the response to environmental stress. A LOX initiates the pathway, catalyzing a regiospecific and stereospecific insertion of oxygen on the pentadiene system of a free polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic or linolenic acid) to form fatty acid hydroperoxides.An olive lipoxygenase called olive LOX1, cloned at laboratory, has been expressed in E. coli strain and purified. Olive LOX1 produces 9S-hydroperoxides of and 13R-hydroperoxides from linoleic acid, in a ratio of 2:1, being the only plant LOX to produce R-hydroperoxides described to date. From the currently known models explaining the control of reactional specificity, none can be applied to olive LOX1. A three-dimensional model has been built by homology modeling to understand the catalytic mechanism of olive LOX1. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments have been used to modify two residues of particular interest, the phenylalanine 277 and the tyrosine 280, allowing us to point the active site entrance near these two residues. Other residues of interest have been modified to study their role in the catalytic mechanism and the reactional specificity of olive LOX1. The results have led us to propose a first hypothesis for the reactional mechanism of this enzyme: the substrate could enter into the active site with its carboxylate-end first, and could be stabilized in the active site by hydrophobic side chains of several residues. A channel could bring oxygen into the active site at a position near the side chain of the leucine 579 residue, this one targeting oxygen onto the pentadiene system of the substrate, controlling by this way the reactional specificity of olive LOX1.LOX are involved in oxylipins synthesis. Arabidopsides are a class of oxylipins found in Arabidopsis that could be produced by action of a 13-LOX on galactolipids, which carry esterified fatty acids. Activity of soybean 13-LOX, olive 9/13-LOX1 and potato 9-LOX has been investigated with galactolipids. A low activity was measured when soybean and olive LOXs were used. Activity was far more important when potato LOX was used. These results suggest that LOX can act on esterified fatty acids, especially galactolipids
Eddib, O. A. "Discrimination between olive oils." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355140.
Full textKing, Michael. "The wild olive bowl." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12846.
Full textSet against the political backdrop of the boycotts, arson and funerals of July 1980 in Grahamstown, this novel explores how the discovery of the dead body of a street child under the walls of St Jude’s Chapel sets events in motion that provoke the spiritual crises faced by the two protagonists. Father Philip Riley, the non-stipendiary curate at St Jude’s who had come to South Africa as a missionary inspired by Trevor Huddleston, has over the years lost any sense of his priestly vocation and his own personal beliefs. Lieutenant Daniel Broughton of the Grahamstown CID has to solve the mystery of the boy’s death, but he too has lost his idealism following a career in the South African Police that began at Sharpeville, and now hovers in a dead-end position in Grahamstown. Both these men have to come to terms with what the death of the street child requires of them. Riley has to overcome his reluctance to give the child a proper burial, and Broughton has to dig deeper than he is initially willing to, to determine how the child died. As the story unfolds, details emerge which thwart the opening attempts by both men to deflect any responsibility for the child from themselves. Riley had started life in an orphanage, and had been forced into colluding with the supervisor to cover up the cause of death of one of the orphans. He is challenged by the selfless love shown for the child by Mrs Mabata, a parishioner at St Jude’s who had tried to foster the street child. He realises that his reluctance to engage with the situation has to do with denying his own failures, based on his own life story. Giving in to pressure from a Roman Catholic priest to carry out the funeral, he discovers an inner strength to defy a police order not to conduct the funeral. The funeral goes ahead successfully, and Riley experiences moments of transcendence that allow him to re-discover his vocation. On the other hand, Broughton discovers that the street child’s involvement as an informer for the Security Police had been the cause of his death.
Tapon, Njamo Julien Serge. "Olive wastewater bioremediation using a rotating biological contactor (RBC)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2023.
Full textThe expansion of the South African olive processing industry has brought an increased threat to the environment. More production activities lead to more wastewater generation that requires more costly treatment. Regulatory bodies concerned with the release of effluents into the environment are imposing evermore-restrictive guidelines. With this information in mind, the South African olive industry is facing a significant challenge of maintaining economic competitiveness while becoming more environmentally benign. To begin addressing this challenge, the olive processing industry must develop and implement new, more effective, tailored treatment technologies to remediate olive wastewater prior to its release into the environment. In this study, the use of indigenous olive wastewater biofilms in combination with a rotating biological contactor (RBC) was investigated for possible bioremediation purposes. The development of microbial biofilms resulted in the breakdown of the hazardous chemical compounds present in the olive wastewater, i.e. reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and polyphenol content. Results showed that indigenous microorganisms within table olive and olive mill wastewater have a strong tendency to form biofilms. Furthermore, when these biofilms are applied to a small-scale RBC system, significant lower levels of both COD (on average 55% for table olive wastewater (TOWW) and 46% for olive mill wastewater (OMWW) and total phenol (on average 51% for TOWW and 39% for OMWW) were obtained. Results from shocking the biofilms with chemicals routinely used during olive processing indicates that most have a negative effect on the biofilm population, but that the biofilms are able to survive and recover in a relatively short time. This study confirms the potential application of indigenous biofilms found in olive wastewater streams for future bioremediation technologies that form the basis for the development of an eco-friendly, easy-to-manage, low cost technologies specifically designed for the small South African olive processing industry.
Rodrigues, Rodrigo Maldonado. "A emergência do sistema olivícola no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149301.
Full textConsumers concerns, desires and necessities in downstream tend to increasingly guide initiatives of producers in the upstream and this is a reality also in agriculture, with the selection of healthier, tastier, and with higher market value food, which generates a welcoming environment for products with such characteristics. Extra virgin olive oil, whose characteristics fit in the new dietary habits, has been assuming a highlighted position among consumers from the whole world, which is not different in Brazil. Despite having little tradition in olive cultivation, Brazil, especially the state of Rio Grande do Sul, has started since the last decade a solid production of this product, which has slowly reached national and international supermarkets’ shelves while receiving an excellent reputation. Therefore, with the possible emergence of this agricultural production system, and by the high demand of the product as well as the possibility of fulfilling this demand through local production instead of imports, we assume that a study about this recent, and consequently little studied, phenomenon can provide theoretical basis for its comprehension. Hence, governance theories were used to identify the system’s organization and coordination. In order to analyze basic elements of the system, the theoretical background used was that of complex systems; for the comprehension of the basic elements’ relation in the formation of a complex system, the apparatus of institutional-evolutionary economics was applied. Having in mind this theoretical background and the problem studied, we opted for a method acknowledgedly institutional with a qualitative approach i.e. an exploratory case study conducting interviews with participants considered as fundamental in the system, submitting afterwards the data collected in field to the secondary data and the theoretical background. The results obtained point to a gradual blooming of the system’s organization, with coordination not subjected to the market action of the sector, by which is understood governance, of Federal and State responsibility. However, until the moment evidences were not found of a governance of the base i.e. the producers. In reference to the relationship of the elements for the system’s emergence, it was verified that this occurs by means of constant information exchange and transactions that occur between the agents and the local economy. The agents and the local economy influence each other reciprocally in a bottom-up dynamics and in the reverse, topdown, when the system reacts to influences and begins to stimulate governance structures and institutional infrastructure. In this perspective, it is understood that the system’s elements that are effectively emerging were characterized, as well as their relation with local economy. It is crucial for the participants that this complex system can be understood and treated as so, with adequate interventions in a way that it can propitiate gains to all parts involved.
Stefanoudaki-Katzouraki, Evagelia. "Factors affecting olive oil quality." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55926/.
Full textTsimidou, M. "Chromatographic authentication of olive oil." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356493.
Full textBrito, António Rui Gonçalves. "Case Study : olive investment analysis." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14011.
Full textNos últimos anos, tem vindo a verificar-se um grande investimento, nacional e estrangeiro, na cultura do olival no Alentejo. Assistiu-se a um nascer de um novo tipo de compasso entre as oliveiras, surgindo o olival intensivo e mais tarde o superintensivo. Auxiliado pelas novas mecanizações na agricultura e pela possibilidade de rega, surgiu a dúvida sobre qual o melhor tipo de olival em termos financeiros. Como tal, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo determinar qual o olival que representa uma melhor oportunidade de investimento. Para analisar esta questão serão utilizados os métodos tradicionais de avaliação de projetos, nomeadamente o NPV, TIR, IR e Payback, métodos estes que serão fundamentais para nos proporcionar uma análise profunda a nível financeiro. Adicionalmente, será realizada uma análise micro e macroenómica recorrendo às 5 forças de Porter e à análise SWOT, deste modo conseguimos explorar os riscos da empresa e do respetivo setor.
In recent years, Alentejo has seen an increase in national and international investment in olive groves. New types of olive groves were created, first on intensive density and later on superintensive density. With the development of agriculture mechanization as well as the possibility of irrigation, the doubt of which kind of olive grove provides the best results in financial terms has appeared. This study aims to determine which olive grove provides the best investment opportunity. To analyse this investment, we used the traditional methods of project evaluation, such as the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback and Profitability Index (PI). Additionally, we also applied a microeconomic and macroeconomic analysis in order to explore the industry and company's business risks according to Porter's five forces and SWOT analysis
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Billard, 1959 Jean-Marie. "Olive inférieure et inhibition cérébelleuse." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066044.
Full textBarsby, Tina. "Olive Schreiner : women, nature, culture." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20138.
Full textThis dissertation locates Olive Schreiner as a nineteenth-century colonial woman writer who challenges the traditional association of men with culture, and women with nature. In Schreiner's writing the oppression of women is situated within an understanding of the social construction of "woman" as closer to nature than man. Through the lives of her central female characters, Schreiner shows how this definition of "woman" works to position women as "other" to culture, both preventing their access to public power and marginalising their fully social activities within culture. Schreiner attempts to displace definitions of culture constituted through a system of binary oppositions which inevitably privilege masculinity as opposed to femininity by redefining culture in three distinct ways. The patriarchal conception culture as the sole preserve of men is rejected in Schreiner's demands for women's educational and legal equality, and for their right to economic independence. Conventional notions of culture are equally refused in Schreiner's stress on women's traditional domestic labour as essential to the very emergence and continuation of culture. Finally, the deconstruction of sexual difference as a fixed immutable category within Schreiner's writing exposes the definition of "woman" as socially constructed and legitimated. The contradictions and tensions within and between these demands illustrate the limits of Schreiner's feminist and socialist politics, and point to how her writing both challenges and articulates aspects of dominant nineteenth-century ideology. At the same time, such contradictions were vitally important in motivating Schreiner's on-going attempt to change radically the position of women within culture. Moreover, the co-existence of apparently conflicting demands within Schreiner's redefinition of culture suggests the terms of a resolution of the perennial problem within feminist discourse around competing claims for women's equality or for a recognition of their difference.
Billard, Jean-Marie. "Olive inférieure et inhibition cérébelleuse." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596048h.
Full textNzobouh, Fossi Pilar Anaïs. "New olive fruit processing approach with stone removal and dehydration: characterization of multifunctional "olive flour"." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textEsposito, Salsano Jasmine. "Nutraceutical properties of extra-virgin olive oils and leaves extracts from autochthonous tuscan olive trees." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1190965.
Full textExtra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olive leaves extract (OLE) represent an important source of nutraceutical compounds, including phenolic and polyphenolic compounds such as phenyl alcohols, phenolic acids, lignans, flavones, flavonols and secoiridoids. Secoiridoids are a class of compounds exclusive of Oleaceae family. Oleocanthal and oleacein are the most important secoiridoids present in EVOO, while oleuropein is the main representative in OLE. These compounds possess nutraceutical properties, such as antiproliferative, cardioprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. My PhD project was focused on the study of the phenolic and polyphenolic compounds in EVOO and in OLE and it was aimed to several parallel objectives: Development of efficient methods for the extraction and the purification of oleocanthal and oleacein from EVOOs During this PhD, new procedures were developed by improving previous extraction and purification methods, obtaining significant quantities of oleacein and oleocanthal from fresh EVOO, with good purity. Study of the nutraceutical properties of oleocanthal and oleacein Oleocanthal and oleacein extracted and purified from EVOOs were then submitted to pharmacological studies to investigate their nutraceutical properties. The results of these studies highlighted the role of the two secoiridoids in obesity-associated adipocytes inflammation and in the NF-κB pathway. The ability of oleacein to inhibit the proliferation of skin melanoma cells in vitro (501Mel cells) was demonstrated. Moreover, the antifibrotic effect of oleocanthal, in both in vitro an in vivo models of liver fibrosis, was proved. Study of the variations in the phenolic and polyphenolic composition of EVOOs during storage This study was conducted by analysing several EVOOs using HPLC methods developed during this PhD thesis. The results of these analyses confirmed that the phenolic compounds present in EVOO underwent a hydrolytic process during storage. However, the evolution of this pathway differs in each EVOO sample, and it is strongly related to storage condition. Study of novel components in EVOOs and their potential nutraceutical properties The oxidative process involving phenolic and polyphenolic compounds in EVOO are poorly investigated. A new oleocanthal oxidation product, named oleocanthalic acid, has been recently identified and preliminary studies showed the potential neuroprotective properties of this compound. My attention was therefore focused on obtaining oleocanthalic acid with high purity in order to submit it to further studies for its nutraceutical properties investigation. A detailed assessment of its in vitro radicals quenching activity was performed for the first time, demonstrating its scavenging capacity against reactive oxygen species. Study of composition of Tuscan EVOOs for the determination of their geographical traceability This part of my PhD work was carried out as a part of a project aimed to develop a model that would allow to verify and guarantee the origin of the oil, indissolubly linking it to its production area. In particular, I studied the characteristics of forty Tuscan EVOOs (free acidity, phenolic compounds content and main fatty acids content). The results of these analyses will be correlated with other parameters studied, such as the concentration of macro-elements, micro-elements, essential and non-essential trace elements, as well as rare earth elements, present both in the samples of EVOOs and in those of soil where the olive trees were cultivated. Development of devices useful in tissue regeneration fields from olive leaves phytoextracts (OLEs) obtained from autochthonous Tuscan olive trees Cultivars This part of my research was carried out under a project that aims to study biocompatible fibers incorporating OLEs for the development of biomedical devices useful in the tissue regeneration field. In particular, I analysed the phenolic and polyphenolic composition of several OLEs in order to select the most appropriate one to incorporate into the biopolymers. I therefore confirmed the incorporation of the OLE into the biopolymers and their capability to release the OLE phenols and polyphenols. Furthermore, the biopolymers incorporating OLE showed promising anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, useful for the development of devices.
CEDOLA, ANNAMARIA. "Olive chain by-products for the functionalization of foods." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/382610.
Full textThe olive oil industry generates an important number of by-products, such as olive mill waste water, olive pomace and olive leaves. It has been demonstrated that these vegetable wastes are rich in almost all the phenolic compounds which are present in olive oil. Nevertheless, olive oil by-products have not yet been exploited at industrial scale, for example as sources of bioactive compounds. For this purpose, it is necessary to study how the processing conditions (raw material pre-treatment, extraction, etc.) affect their properties, as well as explore new applications in the food industry. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis was related to the possibility of using olive oil by-products for the formulation of new fortified foods. To this aim, it was necessary to consider that the potential incorporation of by-products into food formulation could alter the sensory properties, thus suggesting that careful selection of the type and the amount of these ingredients and proper technological options, should be adopted. Specifically, in this research activity the effects of drying methods applied to the extracts from olive oil by-products on the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity were investigated. Supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction were adopted to choose the best extraction conditions to be applied to by-products. Fresh olive pomace and olive leaves were air dried at low temperatures to preserve bioactive compounds and then used to fortity food. Olive mill waste water was pretreated by membrane technology, with the dual aims of reducing the organic load waste water and recovering polyphenols. This technology, through the use of four membranes in cascade of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis is able to extract polyphenolic compounds. Innovative ceral-based and fish-based products were realized using these by-products rich in bioactive molecules. The enriched food products were characterized for the content of bioactive compounds, for sensory properties and then subjected to in vitro digestion with to purpose of evaluating the bioaccessibility of total polyphenols. The experimental results are very interesting and highlight that olive oil byproducts could be valorized as promising ingredients to realize new products rich in phenolic compounds, also facing the problem of the environmental pollution.
Jermoumi, Rabia. "Structural econometric model of the European Union olive oil sector /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164515.
Full textCarapinha, Pedro Gomes. "Utilização do azeite na fritura de alimentos." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5317.
Full textOlive oil has been widely used in the cuisine of the Mediterranean basin, due to its organoleptic properties and also to its oxidative thermostability.ascribed to the richness in monounsaturated fatty acids and high concentration of natural antioxidants. Two heating trials were performed to.evaluate the thermostability of two olive oils with the name: “extra virgin olive oil” and “olive oil” (moisture of virgin olive oil with refined olive oil): one of these trial consisted on heating at 180ºC (±2ºC) during 63 hours and the other one was a heating trial with frying periods of frozen potato chips, for 45 hours. Several physico-chemical parameters were evaluated in the different olive oil samples collected along the experiments: viscosity, acidity, peroxide index, p-anisidine, absorbance in the UV (232 and 270 nm), polar compounds and fatty acid profile. The results showed that oxidation was higher in the samples heated at 180°C than in the corresponding samples from the trials with frying periods due to the decrease in temperature when the frozen potatoes were immersed in the olive oil. The extra virgin olive oil showed more stability than the “olive oil”, due to the presence of higher concentrations of natural antioxidants which are removed during refining
Ware, Ianto. "Olive Schreiner's transcendentalist deconstruction of colonialism /." Title page and contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw268.pdf.
Full textBurdett, C. A. "The hidden motives of Olive Schreiner." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510664.
Full textZAZA, CLAUDIO. "ICT tools for data management and analysis to support decisional process oriented to sustainable agri-food chains." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/369199.
Full textThe Agri-Food sector is facing global challenges. The first issue concerns feeding a world population that in 2050, according to United Nations projections, will reach 9.3 billion people. The second challenge is the request by consumers for high quality products obtained by more sustainable, safely and clear agri-food chains. In particular, the Sustainable agriculture is a management strategy able to preserve the biological diversity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and ability to function of an agricultural ecosystem, ensuring, today and in the future, significant ecological, economic and social functions at the local, national and global scales, without harming other ecosystems. Therefore, to face the challenge of the sustainable agriculture, farmers need to increase quality and quantity of the production, reducing the environmental impact through new management strategies and tools. This work explores the integration of several ICT technologies and methodologies in the agri-food sector for the data acquisition, management and analysis, such as RFID technology, Farm Management Information Systems (FMIS), Data Warehouse (DW) and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP). Finally, the adoption of the ICT technologies by real farms is evaluated through a survey. Regarding the adoption of the RFID technology, this work explores an opportunity for technology transfer related to the monitoring and control of agri-food products, based on the use of miniaturized, smart and innovative sensors. The information concerning to the state of the product is transferred in real time in a wireless way, according to the RFID technology. In particular, two technical solutions involving RFID are provided, highlighting the advantages and critical points referred to the normal system used to ensure the traceability and the quality of the agri-food products. Therefore, this work explores the possibility of developing a framework that combines business intelligence (BI) technologies with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles to support farmers in the decisional process, thereby decreasing environmental cost and improving production performance. The IPM requires the simultaneous use of different crop protection techniques to control pests through an ecological and economic approach. The proposed BI system is called BI4IPM, and it combines on-line transaction processing (OLTP) with OLAP to verify adherence to the IPM technical specifications. BI4IPM is tested with data from real Apulian olive crop farms. Olive tree is one of the most important crop at global scale and Apulia is the first olive-producing region in Italy, with a huge amount of farms that generate IPM data. The crop protection strategies are correlated to the climate conditions considering the very important relation among climate, crops and pests. Therefore, in this work is presented a new advanced OLAP model integrating the Growing Season Index (GSI), a phenology model, to compare indirectly the farms by a climatic point of view. The proposed system allows analysing IPM data of different farms having the same phenological conditions over a year to understand some best practices and to highlight and explain different practices adopted by farms working in different climatic conditions. Finally, a survey aimed at investigating how Lucania' farms cluster according to the level of innovation adopted was performed. It was used a questionnaire for asking if farms adopt ICTs tools and, in case, what type they involved in managing and/or production processes. It has been done a cluster analysis on collected data. Results show that, using k-means clustering method, appear two clusters: innovators, remaining groups. While, using boxplot representation, clustered three groups: innovators, early adopters and laggards.
Wells, Jennifer. "Lights and shadows: Olive Schreiner's theorising woman." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26508.
Full textPrice, Gary Norman. "Assessing the growth performance of European olive (Olea europea L.) on Mount Weld pastoral station." Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1862.
Full textMichels, Trudie. "The 'good oil' the role olive oil plays in the lives of Western Australian consumers /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0053.html.
Full textMavrakis, Titos Nikolaou. "Exploitation of bioactive constituents of olive leaves, grape pomace, olive mills waste water and their application in phytoprotection." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4494.
Full textCrous, Jacobus Johannes. "Managing olive yield and fruit quality under South African conditions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71687.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Olives have been produced commercially in the Mediterranean-type climate of the Western Cape region of South Africa since the early 1900’s. As in the rest of the world, South African table olive producers struggle with alternate bearing. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) has been used since the 1950’s to thin table olives in California. To date, South African producers opted to tolerate rather than try to reduce the negative effects of alternate bearing. However, due to increased olive production, profit margins are decreasing and producers can no longer ignore the negative effects of alternate bearing. Since the efficacy of NAA as a thinning agent is modulated by environmental conditions and genotype, trials were conducted to evaluate the use of NAA on locally important cultivars under South African conditions. The main aim was to establish optimum application rates for ‘Barouni’, ‘Mission’ and ‘Manzanillo’. NAA decreased the fruit number per tree, thereby improving fruit quality (increased fruit size and a higher proportion black fruit in the case of ‘Mission’) in all three cultivars. Thinning did not affect the return bloom in any of the cultivars. In the case of ‘Barouni’, the lack of a return bloom response could be due to the low level of thinning achieved, while climatic conditions during flower development may be to blame for the lack of response in ‘Mission’ and ‘Manzanillo’. Although NAA application did not affect the income per hectare, profitability may increase as harvesting costs account for roughly 50% of the input costs. Based on our results, NAA at 200 mg L-1, applied 10 to 15 days after full bloom, is recommended for local conditions. This concentration is slightly higher than the application rates used in California. An even higher NAA concentration might be used when premium prices are paid for large fruit, as in the case of ‘Mission’ and ‘Manzanillo’. However, NAA at 400 mg L-1 seemed to decrease vegetative growth in ‘Mission’, which may decrease bearing positions for the next season. Earlier application should be considered for a heavy “on” crop while the concentration can be decreased or the spray time delayed to decrease thinning when an average crop is anticipated. Gibberellic acid (GA3) was applied during an “off” season to ‘Mission’ and ‘Manzanillo’ to determine when during the season floral induction is inhibited by the simulated seed produced hormone. GA3 had its greatest effect on the extent of flowering in ‘Manzanillo’ when applied at the time of endocarp sclerification in early December. It follows from this result that to prevent the negative effects of a crop load on flowering in the subsequent season, thinning has to occur before endocarp sclerification. Later application of GA3 in January and February also decreased flowering, but to a lesser extent than application in December. These later applications possibly decreased flower initiation in buds on shoots that continued growing for longer or they may also have interfered with flower differentiation. The effect of the reduced “on” crop in the 2010/2011 season in GA3-treated trees on yield in the 2011/2012 season still needs to be determined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Olywe word sedert die vroeë 1900’s kommersieel geproduseer in die Mediterreense tipe klimaat Wes-Kaap streek van Suid Afrika. Soos in die res van die wêreld, is alternerende drag ‘n reuse struikelblok vir Suid-Afrikaanse olyfprodusente. Anders as in California waar naftaleenasynsuur (NAA) reeds vanaf die 1950’s gebruik word om tafel olywe uit te dun, het Suid-Afrikaanse produsente tot op hede die gevolge van alternerende drag verduur eerder as om die negatiewe effekte daarvan te probeer verminder. Weens ‘n afname in winsgewendheid vanweë ‘n toename in olyfproduksie kan Suid-Afrikaanse olyfprodusente egter nie meer langer die negatiewe effekte van alternerende drag ignoreer nie. Die effektiwiteit van NAA as uitdunmiddel word beïnvloed deur omgewingstoestande asook deur die plant se genetika. Gevolglik is proewe onderneem om die gebruik van NAA te evalueer op plaaslik belangrike kultivars en onder Suid-Afrikaanse kondisies. Die hoofdoel van die proewe was om optimale toediening konsentrasies van NAA vir ‘Barouni’, ‘Mission’ en ‘Manzanillo’ te bepaal. NAA het die vruglading per boom verminder en daardeur vrugkwaliteit (vruggrootte asook ‘n groter proporsie swart vrugte in die geval van ‘Mission’) in al drie kultivars verbeter. In al drie kultivars het uitdunning egter geen effek op die volgende seisoen se blom gehad nie. In die geval van ‘Barouni’ kan die swak opvolgblom moontlik toegeskryf word aan die lae vlak van uitdun terwyl klimaatstoestande tydens blomontwikkeling moontlik die oorsaak was vir die swak reaksie van ‘Mission’ en ‘Manzanillo’. Alhoewel toediening van NAA nie die bruto inkomste per hektaar verhoog het nie, kan winsgewendheid moontlik toeneem aangesien oeskoste ongeveer 50% van insetkostes uitmaak. Gebaseer op die resultate van die studie, word NAA toediening teen 200 mg L-1, 10 tot 15 dae na volblom, aanbeveel vir plaaslike toestande. Hierdie konsentrasie is effens hoër as konsentrasies wat in Kalifornië gebruik word. Selfs hoër NAA konsentrasies kan toegedien word wanneer ’n premium betaal word vir groter vrugte, soos in die geval van ‘Manzanillo’ en ‘Mission’. NAA teen 400 mg L-1 het egter vegetatiewe groei in ‘Mission’ verlaag en dit kan moontlik lei tot ‘n vermindering in draposisies in die volgende seisoen. Vroeër toediening moet oorweeg word wanneer ‘n groot “aan” oes verwag word, terwyl die NAA konsentrasie verminder of toediening uitgestel kan word ten einde uitdunning te verminder indien ‘n gemiddeld oes verwag word . Gibberelliensuur (GA3) is in die “af” seisoen toegedien op ‘Mission’ en ‘Manzanillo’ om vas te stel wanneer gedurende die seisoen saad-geproduseerde hormone blominduksie inhibeer. Die grootste effek op blominduksie van ‘Manzanillo’ is verkry met toediening tydens pitverharding gedurende vroeë Desember. Om die negatiewe effek van ‘n hoë vruglading op die volgende seisoen se blom te voorkom, moet vruguitdunning dus voor pitverharding geskied. Later toediening van GA3 in Januarie en Februarie het ook blom verminder, maar tot ‘n mindere mate as toediening in Desember. Hierdie later toedienings het moontlik blominisiasie van knoppe wat later gevorm het geïnhibeer of kon moontlik blomdifferensiasie negatief beïnvloed het. Die effek van die verlaagde “aan” jaar in die 2010/2011 seisoen in reaksie op GA3 toediening op opbrengs in die 2011/2012 seisoen moet nog bepaal word.
Rietjens, Saskia Johannes. "Hydroxytyrosol a versatile antioxidant from olive oil /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=12824.
Full textHarvey, S. M. "Infant socialisation in olive baboons (Papio anubis)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1432009/.
Full textLockyer, Stacey. "Olive leaf phenolics and cardiovascular risk reduction." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625435.
Full textFerrara, Vincenza. "Olive trees of Sicily. A historical ecology." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302728.
Full textGreen, Louise. "The unhealed wound : Olive Schreiner's expressive art." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18827.
Full textZhou, Wei. "Demand for olive oil in German restaurants." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011904.
Full textAbdellaoui, Hamza. "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Olive Mill Wastewater Sludge." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4468.
Full textMolina, Bacca Aurora Esther <1990>. "Olive Mill Wastewater Valorisation Through Polyphenol Adsorption." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7396/1/Molina_Bacca_Aurora_Esther_Tesi.pdf.
Full textMolina, Bacca Aurora Esther <1990>. "Olive Mill Wastewater Valorisation Through Polyphenol Adsorption." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7396/.
Full textBonora, Andújar Isabel. "El cultivo del olivo y la producción de aceite entre el Neolítico y el Imperio romano : el caso particular de la península Ibérica." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE4025.
Full textThe culture of olive tree and the production of olive oil from the Neolithic Era to the Roman Empire: the case of the Iberian Peninsula. The title highlights the two main research lines of this doctoral thesis. On the one hand, the domestication of the olive plant from the refuge areas of oleaster in the Mediterranean Sea; on the second hand, the emergence of different technologies of oil production, evolution and legacy observed between the different cultures of the Mediterranean from the Neolithic Era to the Roman Empire. All these issues are studied within the specific context of the Iberian Peninsula, western end of the Mediterranean world and place of exchanges and influences of from Eastern cultures - namely Phoenician and Greek. Through the study of domestication and first implantations of the olive tree emerged the need of involving scientific research from archaeobotany - identification of endocarps, wood charcoal and pollen - to genetics. The latter has recently demonstrated the indigeneity of the plant in West Mediterranean since the last glaciations, thus disputing the “diffusionist” theories of a Phoenician origin - exclusively Eastern - of the varieties of olive and their production. The second part of the research, dedicated to the study the Peninsular technology of olive oil, demonstrates the importance of craft and local machinery, as well as contemporary ‘preindustrial’ types of Eastern origin. Both typological groups complement and influence each other until the introduction of Roman olive industry
Santos, Sónia Alexandra Paiva dos. "Action of predators against the black-scale, Saissetia oleae (Oliv.) in Trás-os-Montes olive groves." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/933.
Full textA artropodofauna indigena deve ter um papel relevante na protecção das culturas como limitador natural das populações de espécies fitófagas. O seu conhecimento específico e as suas relações nos ecossistemas agrários são fundamentais no âmbito de uma agricultura sustentável. Neste trabalho pretendeu-se estudar a relação trófica entre predadores, nomeadamente coccinelídeos, e cochonilha-negra, Saissetia oleae, uma importante praga da oliveira na região de Trás-os-Montes, bem como saber quais os efeitos ao nível da planta desta praga através da investigação paralela em campo e em laboratório. O trabalho foi realizado em dois olivais orientados sob dois regimes de protecção da cultura para averiguar diferenças ao nível da abundância e diversidade de artrópodes. As diferenças de abundância e diversidade encontradas estão relacionadas com o tipo de sistema de protecção da cultura utilizados nos dois olivais em estudo. Quatro espécies de coccinelídeos, Chilocorus bipustulatus, Scymnus (Scymnus) interruptus, Scymnus (Pullus) subvillosus and Scymnus (Mimopullus) mediterraneus, mostraram ser as espécies mais comuns no olival transmontano e também possíveis candidatos a agentes de controlo natural contra a cochonilha-negra no olival devido quer à sua abundância quer à percentagem de respostas positivas obtidas nos testes ELISA. Assim, foram dados passos importantes no sentido de perceber quais as principais espécies predadoras de cochonilhanegra e ao mesmo tempo alertar para a importância que o sistema de protecção da cultura tem na artropodofauna predadora do olival, com especial relevância para os coccinelídeos.
The indigenous arthropod fauna, as natural control agents of phytophagous species, can have a relevant function in plant protection. Their specific knowledge and their relationships in the agro-ecosystems are in the scope of a sustainable agriculture. This work pretended to study the trophic relationship between predators, with a special emphasis of coccinellids, and the blackscale, Saissetia oleae, an important pest of the olive tree in the Trás-os-Montes region as well as to know the effects of this pest to the olive tree, by integrating both field and laboratory research. The field work was conducted in two olive groves with different agricultural systems in order to investigate the effect of the management regimes in the abundance and diversity of arthropods. Differences found for abundance and diversity were related with the agricultural management regime in the olive groves. Four coccinellid species, Chilocorus bipustulatus, Scymnus (Scymnus) interruptus, Scymnus (Pullus) subvillosus and Scymnus (Mimopullus) mediterraneus, showed to be the most common species in the olive grove of Trás-os-Montes region either due to their abundance or the percentage of positive responses obtained in the ELISA tests, being also potential candidates of natural control agents against the black-scale. Important steps were made in the direction of understanding which are the principal species of predators of the black-scale and, at the same time, to alert for the extreme importance of the effect of the management regime to the predator arthropod fauna of the olive grove, with special relevance for the coccinellids.
Moreno, González Rocío. "Determinación por cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas de polifenoles y triterpenos pentacíclicos en aceituna de mesa y aceite de oliva. Estudio de su ingesta en ratas: concentración de dichos compuestos en plasma y contenido intestinal y efecto de la aceituna de mesa sobre lesiones preneoplásicas en el colon." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672650.
Full textPentacyclic triterpenes and polyphenols are bioactive compounds with health-protecting activities found in different medicinal and edible plants, among which stands out Olea europaea L. This thesis develops new methods for their analysis in table olives, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as well as in plasma and colon content after the intake of these foods. Moreover, the in vivo antitumoral effects of table olives was investigated on colonic pre-neoplastic lesions. Firstly, a new method to determine polyphenols in table olives by liquid extraction and LC-ESI-MS/MS was established. Validation showed satisfactory linearity, sensibility, accuracy, precision and recoveries. Secondly, the extraction was also validated for the determination of pentacyclic triterpenes concurrently with polyphenols from the same olives prior to LC-APCI-MS for pentacyclic triterpenes and LC-ESI- MS/MS for polyphenols. The analysis of three varieties yielded the greatest values of pentacyclic triterpenes in Marfil (3.62 ± 0.29 g/kg), followed by Arbequina (3.28 ± 0.07 g/kg) and Empeltre (2.77 ± 0.20 g/kg) table olives. The most abundant pentacyclic triterpene was maslinic acid (62- 77%), ensued by oleanolic acid (23-38%) and erythrodiol (< 0.3%). Sixteen polyphenols were detected with concentrations slightly higher in Arbequina (1.04 ± 0.03 g/kg) with respect to Marfil (0.87 ± 0.08 g/kg) and Empeltre (0.83 ± 0.05 g/kg). Hydroxytyrosol was the predominant (~45%), succeeded by verbascoside (28%) and luteolin (9%) in Arbequina and Empeltre. Although Marfil hold similar percentages of hydroxytyrosol and luteolin, a different profile was found for other polyphenols with verbascoside showing a 0.10% and tyrosol reaching a 23%. Thirdly, the plasmatic concentrations of bioactive compounds after the administration of Arbequina EVOO to Sprague- Dawley rats was investigated. EVOO contained 4 pentacyclic triterpenes (149 ± 30 mg/kg) and 13 polyphenols (16.8 ± 0.3 mg/kg). Plasmatic concentrations obtained after liquid extraction and LC- QTRAP-MS analysis revealed the presence of 1 pentacyclic triterpene and 7 polyphenols. All analytes showed maximum concentration (Cmax) at 15 minutes (tmax) followed by a steady decrease and still were detected at 120 min. Finally, the effect of table olives (3.85 g/kg) in early stages of colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated. The administration of Arbequina olives for 49-days reduced aberrant crypt foci and mucin depleted foci in total colon in a 54.1% and 35.7%, respectively. In conclusion, table olives contain bioactive compounds in high amounts that together with their low plasmatic concentrations and the decrease of preneoplastic lesions suggests that a regular consumption of this food in the context of a healthy lifestyle, could contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases.
Kagaba, James. "Bioprospecting for novel lipases from indigenous olive wastewater biofilms." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2828.
Full textLipase-catalysed chemical transformations are today routinely considered by synthetic organic chemists as economical and competitive “green chemistry” alternatives. Although lipases can effortlessly be produced on a large-scale by fermentation, their industrial application was, until recently, limited to the detergent, oleo-chemistry and dairy industry. However, during the last few decades, the biotechnological application of lipases has expanded significantly, becoming indispensable in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, single cell protein production, biosensor preparations and waste management. Similarly, lipases have become a vital ingredient in the contemporary food processing industry with applications ranging from fruit juice production to baked foods, vegetable fermentations and dairy enrichment. Furthermore, lipases are routinely used as flavour development agents in cheese, butter and margarine products. Lipases are also applied in the leather industry for processing hides and skins and for treatment of activated sludge and other aerobic waste product treatments where its action enhances oxygen transfer. While lipases currently account for less than 21 % of the enzyme market, a growing interest in lipases is reflected by the publication of an average of 1000 research papers per year and the growing number of available lipases since the 1980s. There is a sustained interest to bioprospect for novel lipase enzymes from available unexplored biodiversity. This study aimed to screen for lipase-producing microorganisms resident in olive wastewater biofilms. Lipase activity of positive isolates was subsequently also quantitatively determined to select for the highest producers of true lipases. A Geotrichum candidum isolate from olive mill wastewater biofilms was selected for subsequent studies based on its superior lipase production phenotype. Using a yeast mediated ligation approach the G. candidum GCL1 lipase gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an enzyme production host. The recombinant lipase was purified and analysed in terms of substrate specificity, pH optima, temperature optima and stability as well as organic solvent tolerance. The G. candidum gcl1 lipase presented enhanced thermo- and organic solvent-stability that are highly sought after traits for industrial application.
Robertson, Bruce A. L. "The roles of food and predation in shaping adaptive and maladaptive behaviors in postfire bird species." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12272006-141118/.
Full textOcanha, Priscilla Taroco. "Desenvolvimento de um azeite de oliva aromatizado com tomilho liofilizado." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7487.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-12-21T13:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Priscilla Taroco Ocanha_.pdf: 4450525 bytes, checksum: 5e9351f219cb0cb895827f96ccfaf6ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
A crescente demanda de produtos derivados da oliva tem despertado o interesse das indústrias que vêem neste segmento a possibilidade de aprimoramento dos aspectos nutricionais e sensoriais para melhor atendimento das demandas existentes no mercado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um azeite de oliva aromatizado a partir do tomilho (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae) liofilizado, que atenda aos requisitos sensoriais desejados por pessoas críticas que buscam maiores informações por aquilo que consomem, que desejam diversificar os produtos existentes no mercado e prezem por manter uma alimentação saudável (sem a presença de ingredientes artificiais na formulação) e saborosa. O desenvolvimento ocorreu a partir de formulações encontradas em literatura, aplicadas em escala piloto. O produto foi analisado físico-quimicamente e também através de um perfil cromatográfico, que possibilitaram a comprovação da manutenção da qualidade do azeites, mesmo após a aromatização, todas as análises de controle de qualidade aplicadas mostraram que os parâmetros dos azeites se mantem nos níveis exigidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) (BRASIL, 2012), para azeites de oliva extra virgem. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi demonstrada entre os azeites aromatizados, em temperatura ambiente e aquecido a 60oC, desta forma, para o tomilho liofilizado, não mostrou-se eficiente aquecer o azeite para obter melhorias na extração de compostos da erva para azeite, nem para características físico-químicas no geral, assim como, não notou-se nenhum prejuízo para o azeite o aquecimento nesta temperatura, no tempo de sete dias.
The growing request for olive products are now attracting interest from industries that see in this segment the possibility of improving nutritional and sensorial aspects to better meet the market’s demands. The aim of this work was to develop an olive oil flavored with lyophilized thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae), which meets the sensory requirements desired by critical consumers who seek for more information about what they consume, that wish to diversify the existing products in the market and who are most attached to maintaining a healthy and tasty diet (without the presence of artificial ingredients in the formulation). The development took place from formulations found in literature, applied in pilot scale. The product was analyzed physically chemically and also through a chromatographic profile, which allowed the confirmation of the oils high quality maintenance. Even after the aromatization, all applied quality control analyzes showed that the parameters required by the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) (BRAZIL, 2012) are maintained at the extra virgin olive oils levels. No significant difference was demonstrated between flavored oils at room temperature and heated to 60°C. Therefore, for lyophilized thyme heat the oil has not been efficient either to obtain improvements in the extraction of herb’s compounds for olive oil, or for physical-chemicals characteristics in general, as well as, it was not noticed any damage in heating the oil at this temperature.
Price, Gary Norman. "Assessing the growth performance of European olive (Olea europea L.) on Mount Weld pastoral station." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biology, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17424.
Full textA third olive trial, consisting of 3 olive groves was established according to randomised design. In the north and middle groves, 54 trees of 3 different cultivar were planted on a deep alluvial soil profile. In the south grove, 53 trees of 3 different cultivar were planted on a shallow clay soil profile. High mortality rates were recorded at all 3 groves during the first year, as a result of high salinity levels in irrigation water during the establishment period. Overall, most tree mortality was recorded at the south grove. Significantly higher growth performance occurred within the deeper alluvial soil profile at the north and middle groves, compared to the shallow clay soil profile in the south grove. Negligible olive fruit production occurred at the first site. At the second site, small quantities of olive fruit were produced during some seasons only. No olive fruit production occurred at any grove at the randomized site. Successful fruit formation appears directly related to tree health, as a function of water supply. Ripening of olive fruit occurred earlier than at other more temperate olive growing areas of Australia. Similar major and trace element deficiencies occurred at all sites, interpreted to be a function of universal alkaline ground-water conditions.
This study failed to confirm conclusively, whether European olive could be grown successfully in the semi-arid climate, typical of much of the rangelands area of Australia. As a result of the study however, successful growth in this environment is confirmed to be highly dependent on three factors. Firstly, availability of reliable irrigation waters of sufficient quality. Secondly, choice of suitable soil types. Thirdly, selection of suitable cultivars. Quality of olive oil produced from fruit appears to be influenced by local climatic factors The study also highlighted the issues of land tenure, current management attitudes and level of support within the local community as having a direct and significant impact on the trial.
Vezzaro, Alice. "Olive ripening and oil flavour in Veneto: molecular and technological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422067.
Full textL’olio extravergine di oliva è un olio vegetale molto apprezzato utilizzato principalmente per scopi alimentari a causa del profilo aromatico piacevole e a effetti salutistici noti e dimostrati, che includono proprietà antinfiammatorie e antiossidanti e una protezione nei confronti di alcune malattie cardiovascolari. La qualità dell’olio di oliva dipende da molti fattori, e tra questi fattori ambientali (clima e suolo), genetici (cultivar), agronomici e tecnologici hanno un ruolo importante. Tra i fattori agronomici, la gestione e l’uso di frutti sani e, soprattutto, la scelta dello stadio di maturazione adatto dei frutti rappresentano le variabili che hanno un ruolo fondamentale nella determinazione della qualità globale dell’olio di oliva. Le zone adatte per la coltivazione dell’olivo sono le regioni mediterranee, che sono caratterizzate solitamente da inverni miti ed estati lunghe e secche. Nonostante queste limitazioni climatiche, olivi cresciuti in zone marginali come l’Italia settentrionale conferiscono oli extravergini con profili aromatici gradevoli e di alta qualità. Le condizioni climatiche spesso avverse in queste aree rendono però necessarie un’ottimizzazione della scelta del miglior periodo di raccolta e l’implementazione di processi tecnologici allo scopo di migliorare la qualità dell’olio. Molti approcci diversi sono stati proposti finora per la definizione di un modo semplice e affidabile per valutare il periodo di raccolta corretto e massimizzare la qualità dell’olio estratto. Più in dettaglio, i cambiamenti fisiologici e biochimici che si verificano durante la maturazione dell’oliva sono stati presi in considerazione, come ad esempio la perdita di consistenza, cambiamenti del colore superficiale delle drupe, contenuto di pigmenti o loro rapporti, contenuto in zuccheri, inolizione, diminuzione di componenti fenoliche e altri. I risultati si sono dimostrati però molto spesso discordanti, a causa della grande variabilità presente tra diverse cultivar, aree di coltivazione e aspetti tecnologici. Si rende perciò necessario uno studio di questi fattori in ogni singola area di coltivazione. In questa tesi diversi approcci sono stati adottati per la caratterizzazione di una varietà coltivata localmente in Veneto, la cultivar Grignano, da cui si estrae un olio dal profilo sensoriale unico con note di buccia di limone, e per la valutazione di fattori coinvolti nella determinazione della qualità dell’olio anche attraverso un confronto con la cultivar Frantoio, una varietà diffusa comunemente in tutta Italia. Inizialmente è stato condotto uno studio che prevedeva l’estrazione di olio in atmosfera priva di ossigeno, che può essere responsabile dell’ossidazione di componenti dell’olio ma è anche un reagente richiesto nella biosintesi di composti aromatici, per valutare l’effetto dell’estrazione in atmosfera controllata sul profilo volatile globale di oli ottenuti da olive raccolte in quattro stadi consecutivi di maturazione a cavallo dell’invaiatura. L’analisi delle componenti volatili è stata condotta mediante PTR-MS (spettrometria di massa con reazione di trasferimento di protoni), una tecnica di spettrometria che permette una valutazione del fingerprint globale dei volatili senza fasi preliminari o trattamento dei campioni. Questa valutazione “real-time” dei profili spettrali di oli extravergini da cultivar Grignano unita a analisi multivariata dei dati, mediante analisi delle componenti principali e clustering gerarchico, ha permesso di proiettare i complessi spettri ottenuti tramite l’analisi spettrometrica in una heat map. I risultati hanno dimostrato che lo stadio di maturazione ha un effetto predominante sulla definizione del profilo volatile rispetto all’estrazione in atmosfera controllata, e che il progredire della maturazione è caratterizzato dalla biosintesi di specifici gruppi di molecole volatili che sembrano quindi “espresse” in modo transiente. Inoltre, è stato osservato un effetto saturazione nel profilo volatile con il progredire della maturazione. Conseguentemente, dato che lo stadio di maturazione ha un effetto prevalente rispetto ai fattori tecnologici studiati, uno studio approfondito della fisiologia della maturazione in Veneto è stato condotto ponendo particolare attenzione a perdita di consistenza, inolizione, contenuto in clorofilla a, dati colorimetrici (calcolo di indici di colore) e dati di espressione genica. I risultati hanno dimostrato che gli eventi collegati alla maturazione sono differenti nelle cultivar Grignano e Frantoio, dato che Grignano manifesta una dinamica di maturazione più precoce e rapida, sia considerando la perdita di consistenza che l’accumulo di olio nella drupa. Questi risultati suggeriscono come monitorare la maturazione in Grignano sia più difficile, dato che i cambiamenti nei parametri di maturazione si verificano molto velocemente. Inoltre, sono state osservate differenze importanti nei parametri elencati in due stagioni successive, da cui consegue una notevole difficoltà nella comprensione del profilo globale di maturazione. Sono state condotte analisi statistiche sui campioni descritti e l’analisi delle componenti principali ha stabilito che la cultivar Frantoio mostra maggiore variabilità nei dati di inolizione, confermando che il decorso di maturazione della cultivar Grignano è in qualche modo più compatto. Tra gli indici di colore calcolati nello studio, uno, cioè CI, sembra appropriato per distinguere campioni raccolti in diversi stadi di maturazione. Successivamente, per approfondire le caratteristiche aromatiche tipiche della cultivar Grignano, è stato condotto uno studio riguardante il metabolismo terpenico in olivo, con l’isolamento e la caratterizzazione di tre enzimi responsabili della biosintesi di terpeni (terpene sintasi) per la prima volta in questa specie. A questo scopo è stata condotta una ricerca approfondita di putative terpene sintasi in un database di EST (expressed sequence tag) di olivo recentemente pubblicato. I frammenti selezionati sono stati amplificati permettendo di ottenere i geni full length, le cui sequenze sono state utilizzate per dedurre le sequenze aminoacidiche che sono state espresse in E. coli. Le proteine espresse sono state sottoposte a saggi enzimatici per determinarne l’attività e una di queste si è dimostrata una geraniolo sintasi attiva, mentre le altre due proteine non hanno dato prodotti anche se la presenza di terpene sintasi inattive non è così infrequente. Analisi qPCR hanno dimostrato come le tre terpene sintasi isolate abbiano un andamento legato alla maturazione nell’espressione genica, ed è possibile perciò un loro ruolo nella determinazione del profilo aromatico. Infine, l’utilizzo della qPCR come analisi di espressione genica nei lavori precedenti ha evidenziato come geni reference validati e adatti per studi di espressione genica in olivo non siano disponibili in letteratura. Una ricerca di geni reference candidati per questo scopo è stata quindi condotta utilizzando il database di EST citato sopra e cercando in letteratura studi riguardanti la validazione di geni reference in altre specie vegetali. Sono stati quindi identificati 13 geni candidati in Olea europaea, la cui stabilità dei trascritti è stata testata sia in drupe che in foglie di olivo. Analisi di stabilità condotte mediante gli strumenti genormPLUS e NormFinder hanno dimostrato che 12 tra questi geni sono effettivamente geni reference funzionali e utilizzabili per studi di espressione genica in olivo e che, tra questi, il numero di geni ottimale da utilizzare per una buona normalizzazione dei dati corrisponde a due. I migliori geni reference identificati in questo studio, adatti per analisi di espressione genica in frutti a diversi stadi di sviluppo, sono stati GAPDH2 e PP2A1.
Çınar, Çelenk Güneş Hatice. "Isolation and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis from olive tree-related habitats/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/biyoteknoloji/T000318.pdf.
Full textSilva, Simone Faria 1982. "Estabilidade de azeite de oliva extra virgem (Olea europaea) em diferentes sistemas de embalagem." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255955.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O consumo de azeite de oliva no Brasil apresentou um crescimento de 70% na última década. As gôndolas dos supermercados foram tomadas por uma diversidade de azeites de oliva acondicionados em vários tipos de embalagens. Esses produtos são todos importados, sendo que uma parte é fracionada e envasada no Brasil, visto que não existe produção em escala comercial no país. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidade do azeite de oliva extra virgem em diferentes sistemas de embalagem. As amostras de azeite de oliva extra virgem foram fracionadas e acondicionadas em embalagens de polietileno tereftalato (PET) nas cores cristal (transparente) e âmbar; em latas de folha-de-flandres; e em garrafas de vidro transparente. Um lote destas embalagens foi inertizado com nitrogênio gasoso. O envase e o fechamento foram feitos de forma manual. As amostras foram estocadas à temperatura ambiente (25±2°C) e em duas condições: mantidas em caixas de papelão ao abrigo da luz e expostas à luz (2900 lux) por 12 horas/dia por um período de seis meses. Para determinação da estabilidade do azeite foram realizadas análises físico-químicas de ácidos graxos livres, índice de peróxidos, extinção específica a 230 e 270 nm, teor de clorofila e cor L*C*h, no momento inicial e a cada 30 dias. Já as análises de umidade, compostos fenólicos totais, teor de tocoferóis e cor Lovibond foram feitas em intervalos de 90 dias. Observou-se que no período de 6 meses de estocagem, os resultados mais expressivos ocorreram devido à foto-oxidação, com degradação significativa nos compostos a-tocoferol, clorofila e significativa alteração da cor. Os efeitos da auto-oxidação foram observados pelo ligeiro aumento do valor de K232 e do índice de peróxido. Quando armazenados no escuro durante 6 meses, os quatro tipos de embalagem foram eficazes em manter a estabilidade oxidativa do azeite. Quando exposto à luz, o azeite das embalagens de PET e vidro transparentes apresentou expressiva degradação. Na embalagem de PET âmbar a degradação foi mais lenta, porém significativa. A inertização com nitrogênio não teve efeito sobre a estabilidade do azeite nos diferentes tipos de embalagens. Assim, diante dos resultados obtidos no experimento e sabendo que o azeite de oliva é exposto à luz nos pontos de venda e durante o consumo doméstico, o uso de embalagens transparentes não é recomendado para azeites de oliva extra virgem. Quanto à embalagem de PET âmbar, faz-se necessário melhorar seus parâmetros de barreira à luz, como a pigmentação e a espessura da parede
Abstract: Brazilian consumption of olive oil presented a growth about 70% in the last decade. Market shelves has been filled by a diversity of olive oil conditioned in a variety of packages. ln the Brazilian marketing all of the olive oil are imported and part of them are parceled and packed in Brazil, since in the country there is no production in commercial scale. The objective of this work is to evaluate the stability of virgin olive oil in different packaging systems. The olive oil was fractioned and packed in transparent and amber polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, transparent glass bottles and tinplates cans. Half of the package received a nitrogen flow. The filling and closing were done manually. The samples were stored during six months at room temperature (25±2°C) and in two conditions: in cardboard boxes without exposition to light and with light exposition (2900 lux) for 12 hours/day. The quality parameters to determination of the oil stability were analyzed monthly: free fatty acid, peroxide value, specific extinction at 230 and 270 nm, chlorophyll content and color L*C*h. The moisture, total phenolics, a-tocopherol content and Lovibond color were evaluated every ninety days. It was observed that within 6 months of storage, the most significant results were due to photo-oxidation, causing significant degradation on the contents of a-tocopherol and chlorophyll and changes in the color. The effects of auto-oxidation were observed by the slight increase in K232 and peroxide value. It was realized that when stored in the dark for six months, the packages studied were effective in maintaining the oil stability. The most significant changes occur in the olive oil exposed to light in transparent PET and glass bottles. The inerting with nitrogen had no effect on the stability of olive oil. Thus, considering the results obtained in the experiment and knowing the fact that olive oil is exposed to light at points of sale and during the domestic consumption, the transparent packages are not recommended for extra virgin olive oil. Relating to the amber PET bottles exposed to light, the effect of the oxidation was slower, but significant. Therefore, it's necessary to improve its light barrier like the thickness and the pigmentation
Mestrado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Baroni, Naiara Aparecida Franco 1987. "Avaliação do potencial antioxidante in vitro de azeites de oliva identificados como extra virgem produzidos no Brasil." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254636.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O azeite de oliva virgem extra é considerado um alimento funcional com importantes propriedades biológicas relacionadas à elevada concentração de ácido graxo monoinsaturado. Estudos recentes indicam que os componentes minoritários na composição do azeite têm sido muito associados com benefícios à saúde, muito além do conteúdo de ácido oleico, destacando-se os compostos fenólicos, principalmente hidroxitirosol e tirosol. A região na qual as oliveiras são cultivadas pode ter influência direta na composição do azeite, principalmente no que se refere aos compostos minoritários. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se o potencial antioxidante dos azeites de oliva produzidos no Brasil (ArbequinaRS, ArbequinaMG e Maria da Fé) se assemelha ao dos azeites europeus (ArbequinaMed e Gallo®) tradicionais no mercado brasileiro. O perfil de ácidos graxos mostrou que a amostra Maria da Fé assemelha-se à amostra referência Gallo®, apresentando as maiores concentrações de ácido oleico. O teor de tocoferóis foi maior nas amostras ArbequinaRS e Maria da Fé. Quanto à determinação de fenólicos totais, pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu, destacaram-se a ArbequinaRS e ArbequinaMed. Esta também apresentou maior concentração de hidroxitirosol, enquanto que, a referência Gallo® apresentou maior teor de tirosol. A capacidade antioxidante foi avaliada por métodos de sequestro de radicais, ORAC e DPPH, este permitiu identificar diferença estatística entre as amostras testadas. Dentre as amostras de variedade Arbequina, destaca-se o azeite produzido na região Sul do Brasil, equiparando-se estatisticamente ao comercial de origem mediterrânea; foi observada uma correlação positiva entre conteúdo de fenólicos totais e a capacidade antioxidante pelo método de sequestro de radical DPPH. O método ORAC não mostrou diferença estatística significativa entre as amostras. A atividade biológica foi avaliada através da mensuração da atividade de enzimas endógenas, catalase e superóxido dismutase, do arsenal antioxidante de hepatócitos humanos. Após o ensaio MTT de viabilidade celular foram definidas duas concentrações de estudo para os testes enzimáticos: 0,5 e 2mg/mL. De forma geral, nos ensaios de ativação do sistema celular endógeno antioxidante de hepatócitos, dentre os azeites testados os de maior potencial biológico foram os brasileiros, com importante destaque para a variedade Arbequina produzida no Rio Grande do Sul, ArbequinaRS
Abstract: The extra virgin olive oil is considered a functional food with important biological properties related to the high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acid. Recent studies indicate that minor components in olive oil composition have been very associated with health benefits, far beyond the content of oleic acid, highlighting the phenolic compounds, especially hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. The region where the olive trees are grown may have direct influence on oil composition, especially with regard to minority compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of olive oils produced in Brazil (ArbequinaRS, ArbequinaMG and Maria da Fé) is similar to European oil (ArbequinaMed and Gallo®) traditional in the Brazilian market. The fatty acid profile showed that the sample Maria da Fé resembles the reference sample Gallo®, with the highest concentrations of oleic acid. The tocopherols content was higher in ArbequinaRS and Maria da Fé samples. The determination of total phenolic by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the highlights were the ArbequinaRS and ArbequinaMed. This also showed a higher concentration of hydroxytyrosol, while the Gallo® reference showed greater tyrosol content. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by sequestration methods of radicals, ORAC and DPPH, this allowed us to identify significant differences between the samples tested. Among the samples of Arbequina variety, stand out from the oil produced in southern Brazil, equating statistically the trade of Mediterranean origin; was observed a positive correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity by DPPH radical sequestration method. The ORAC method was not significantly different between the samples. The biological activity was evaluated by measuring the activity of endogenous enzymes of the antioxidant arsenal of human hepatocytes: superoxide dismutase and catalase. After the MTT assay cell viability was defined two concentrations to study enzyme tests 0,5 and 2 mg/mL. In general, the antioxidant endogenous cellular system hepatocyte activation assays, among the oils tested the highest biological potential were Brazilians, with major emphasis on the Arbequina variety produced in Rio Grande do Sul, ArbequinaRS
Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestra em Alimentos e Nutrição