Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Olfactory stem cells'
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Wetzig, Andrew R., and n/a. "Olfactory Stem Cells From Adult Rats." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070724.121953.
Full textSacramento, Sónia Raquel Capela. "Establishing model systems from olfactory mucosa stem cells." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11806.
Full textAs células estaminais são uma classe distinta de células, devido às suas capacidades de regeneração e diferenciação em vários tipos de células especializadas. Os nichos onde estas se encontram servem-lhes de sustentação e permitem a sua manutenção num estado indiferenciado, afectando a sua regeneração e diferenciação através de estímulos. As células estaminais dividem-se em duas classes: embrionárias (pluripotentes) e adultas (multipotentes), embora também existam células estaminais pluripotentes induzidas. Nos últimos anos tem-se estudado a possibilidade de utilizar sistemas baseados em células estaminais no estudo de neuropatologias. Assim sendo, os objectivos desta dissertação foram o isolamento e proliferação de células estaminais da mucosa olfactiva, a indução destas células para a formação de neurosferas e a sua diferenciação para células tipo neuronais (NLC) e células derivadas de neurosferas (ONS). Também se procedeu à diferenciação das ONS e à caracterização dos modelos celulares NLC e ONS. Para se atingir os objectivos definidos, foram recolhidas biópsias de mucosa olfactiva e isolaram-se células estaminais de epitélio e da lâmina própria. As células estaminais da mucosa olfactiva proliferaram e foram induzidas a formar neurosferas com um meio de cultura específico (DMEM/F12 com ITS-X, EGF e FGF2). As neurosferas foram posteriormente diferenciadas em células ONS (com meio DMEM/F12) e em NLC (com meio neurobasal suplementado com NGF, B27, glutamina e glutamato). Imagens obtidas durante o tempo de diferenciação das NLC foram analisadas tendo em conta parâmetros morfométricos. As células ONS foram adaptadas à cultura em meio sem soro e diferenciadas em células tipo neurónios (usando meio DMEM/F12 com N2 e meio DMEM/F12 com B27). Os resultados obtidos indicam que estabelecemos culturas primárias de células estaminais da mucosa olfactiva de rato. A eficiência dos protocolos de isolamento e proliferação foi confirmada pela marcação com nestina através de imunofluorescência e pela formação de neurosferas. A análise morfométrica das NLC indicou que diferenciámos as neurosferas para células tipo neuronal, devido à sua morfologia neuronal e à expressão do marcador neuronal β-tubulina III. Foram também estabelecidas culturas de células ONS, posteriormente diferenciadas através da redução de soro, apresentando um fenótipo tipo neuronal quando mantidas em meio definido. Contudo, devem ser realizadas experiências futuras para a caracterização deste novo modelo celular. Os nossos resultados permitem-nos concluir que estabelecemos e caracterizámos novos sistemas modelo baseados em células estaminais. Estes resultados são relevantes uma vez que tais modelos podem ser usados para o estudo de mecanismos celulares e moleculares envolvidos em inúmeras neuropatologias, nomeadamente na Doença de Alzheimer.
Stem cells are a distinct class of cells, characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into several specialized cell types. The niche of stem cells provides them support, favors their existence in an undifferentiated state and affects, by stimuli, their self-renewal and cellular fate. Stem cells can be divided in two broad classes: embryonic (pluripotent) and somatic stem cells (multipotent), although induced pluripotent stem cells are also a reality nowadays. The possibility of investigating neuropathologies using stem cell based systems has attracted interest among researchers in the last few years. Therefore, the main objectives of this dissertation were the isolation and proliferation of olfactory mucosa stem cells that were further induced to form neurospheres and further differentiated into neuron-like cells (NLC) and olfactory neurosphere-derived cells (ONS). ONS differentiation and the characterization of NLC and ONS model systems were also performed. For the accomplishment of these objectives, olfactory mucosa biopsies were collected and epithelium and lamina propria stem cells isolated. The well proliferating olfactory mucosa stem cells were induced to form neurospheres using a specific culture medium (DMEM/F12 supplemented with ITS-X, EGF and FGF2). The neurospheres were then differentiated into ONS cells (using DMEM/F12 medium) and into NLC (using neurobasal medium supplemented with NGF, B27, glutamine and glutamate). Morphometric analysis of neuron-like cells was performed on microphotographs taken at several time points during the differentiation procedure. ONS cells were adapted to serum deprivation and differentiated into neuronal-like cells (using DMEM/F12 with N2 medium and DMEM/F12 with B27 medium). Our results indicate that we successfully established primary rat cultures from olfactory mucosa stem cells. The efficiency of the isolation/proliferation procedure was confirmed by positive immunostaining with stemness marker nestin and also by their ability to form neurospheres. The morphometric analysis of NLC revealed that we successfully differentiated neurosphere-forming cells into neuron-like cells, since they assume a neuronal like phenotype and they highly express the neuronal marker β-tubulin III. Additionally, ONS cultures were established and further differentiated by gradual serum deprivation. In fact, these cells presented neuronal-like phenotypic characteristics when cultured in defined medium. However, additional experiments for characterization of this new model system should be performed. From our results we can conclude that we efficiently established and characterized new stem cells model systems. These results are of paramount importance since they will be used for the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying several neuropathologies, including Alzheimer’s disease
Wells, Karen Elizabeth. "Characterisation of the stem/precursor cells of the rat olfactory epithelium." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613198.
Full textMomma, Stefan. "Neural stem cells and their contribution to neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-324-4/.
Full textMurdoch, Barbara. "Identification, regulation and lineage tracing of embryonic olfactory progenitors." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/994.
Full textPatel, Nirmal Praful School of Medicine UNSW. "Olfactory progenitor cell transplantation into the mammalian inner ear." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26180.
Full textMalik, Astha. "Circadian Clocks in Neural Stem Cells and their Modulation of Adult Neurogenesis, Fate Commitment, and Cell Death." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1434986257.
Full textKalincik, Tomas Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Disturbances of autonomic functions in spinal cord injury: autonomic dysreflexia and thermoregulation." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Medical Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43516.
Full textJohnstone, Steven Andrew. "A comparative study of the biological and molecular properties of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow and the olfactory system." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6308/.
Full textKolterud, Åsa. "The Role of Lhx2 During Organogenesis : - Analysis of the Hepatic, Hematopoietic and Olfactory Systems." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Molekylärbiologi (Teknat- och Medfak), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-306.
Full textChalfouh, Chaima. "Effet de la stimulation magnétique répétitive trans-spinale comme thérapie non invasive dans le cadre des lésions médullaires. The Regenerative Effect of Trans-spinal Magnetic Stimulation After Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms and Pathways Underlying the Effect FoxJ1 regulates spinal cord development and is required for the maintenance of spinal cord stem cell potential Inhibition of ADAMTS-4 Expression in Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Enhances Recovery after Transplantation within Spinal Cord Injury Resident neural stem cells guarantee the regeneration promoted by bulbar olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation after spinal cord injury." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR099.
Full textSpinal cord injury (SCI) leads to a loss of sensitive and motor functions. Currently, there is no therapeutic intervention offering a complete recovery. Here, we report that repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) can be a noninvasive SCI treatment that enhances tissue repair and functional recovery. Several techniques including immunohistochemical, behavioral, cells cultures, and proteomics have been performed. Moreover, different lesion paradigms, such as acute and chronic phase following SCI in wild-type and transgenic animals at different ages (juvenile, adult, and aged), have been used. We demonstrate that rTSMS modulates the lesion scar by decreasing fibrosis and inflammation and increases proliferation of spinal cord stem cells. Our results demonstrate also that rTSMS decreases demyelination, which contributes to axonal regrowth, neuronal survival, and locomotor recovery after SCI. This research provides evidence that rTSMS induces therapeutic effects in a preclinical rodent model and suggests possible translation to clinical application in humans
Girard, Stephane. "Amnésie et thérapie cellulaire : Etude de l'écotropisme des cellules souches adultes de la lamina propria olfactive." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4759.
Full textThe brain displaying poor regenerative capacities, exogenous stem cell-based therapy has been proposed as an attractive strategy to regenerate cerebral tissue after acute injuries or neurodegenerative disorders. However, ethical and technical issues, associated with embryonic, fetal or adult neural stem cells, limit their use in human medicine. In search of alternative candidates, we focused our attention on adult stem cells, located in a peripheral nervous tissue: the nasal stem cells sited in the olfactory lamina propria. These multipotent stem cells have been characterized as a member of the mesenchymal stem cell superfamily, displaying strong proliferative and neurogenic properties. Recently, using a mouse model of amnesia induced by excito-toxic lesions of hippocampal neurons, we demonstrated that olfactory stem cells, grafted in lesioned areas or into the cerebrospinal fluid, i) migrate and differentiate into neuron-like cells, ii) contribute to the restoration of local neuronal networks and iii) promote recovery of learning and memory abilities. In line with these promising results, the first aim of the current thesis was to promote the use of these adult stem cells by the scientific community. For this purpose, we published an article and a book chapter in which we demonstrated that they are suitable for autologous cell therapy in humans. Using an audiovisual document, we showed that these cells i) can be safely obtained in humans, under local anesthesia, without any loss of smell and ii) are easily and quickly amplifiable in vitro
Gaborieau, Élodie. "Origine, diversité et contrôle transcriptionnel des interneurones périglomérulaires calrétinines du bulbe olfactif." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1307/document.
Full textThe subventricular zone (SVZ) is a brain region that shows intense germinal activity throughout postnatal life. The postnatal SVZ is subdivided in microdomains containing neural stem cells (NSCs) that express defined transcription factors and generate distinct neuronal subtypes in the olfactory bulb (OB). Calretinin-expressing (CalR+) interneurons represent the largest population of OB periglomerular interneurons produced after birth. Yet, in contrast to others, limited information exists regarding their origin, diversity and function in the OB, as well as the transcription factors that guide their generation. Previous studies highlighted that CalR+ PG interneurons are generated by both the medial and dorsal SVZ microdomains, and suggested that the transcription factor Sp8 is involved in their generation.This work aimed at 1) refining current approaches for manipulating gene expression in postnatal SVZ NSCs in a temporally controlled manner, 2) exploring the origin and the function of CalR+ periglomerular neurons, 3) investigating the role of Sp8 in the transcriptional coding of CalR+ periglomerular interneurons specification and maturation.Refinement of the classical electroporation approach allowed the long-term fate mapping and timely-controlled genetic manipulation of NSCs of the SVZ. Using this refined approach allowed identifying two subpopulations of CalR+ interneurons that show different spatial and temporal origins after birth, as well as to explore the functional and morphological correlates of this diversity. A large and previously non-described fraction of CalR+ periglomerular interneurons exhibits properties of immature neurons (i.e. little synaptic inputs and weak excitability), questioning their role in olfactory processing. Finally, genetic manipulations of the transcription factor Sp8 at different stages during CalR+ interneuron differentiation highlighted its role in the long-term survival of mature CalR+ periglomerular interneurons, while excluding a role in their early specification. Altogether these results shed new lights on the origin, diversity and transcriptional coding of CalR+ periglomerular i nterneurons and call for a characterization of their role in olfactory processing
Ould-Yahoui, Adlane. "Le système MMP/TIMP dans la croissance neuritique et la motilité des cellules souches de la muqueuse olfactive." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20672.
Full textThe matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a growing family of Zn2+-dependent endopeptidases, secreted or membrane-bound (MT-MMP), which play a fundamental role in the cell signalling. The activity of the MMPs is regulated by their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). The MMP / TIMP system regulates the cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and modulates the cellular motility through the cleavage of protein components of the extracellular matrix, as well during physiological and pathological conditions.Our results suggest that TIMP-1 is implicated in the modulation of the neurite outgrowth and morphology of cortical neurons through the inhibition at least in part, of MMP-2 and not MMP-9. Afterward, we study of the system MMP / TIMP in the migration of the stem cells of olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSCs). We show that gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as MT1-MMP, are involved in OE-MSCs migration. We also show that gelatinases are probably involved in neurotrophic properties of the OE-MSCs and olfactory ensheathing cells.Altogether, these results provide new evidences on the role of MMP/TIMP system in central nervous system post-lesional processes
Reiter, Allison R. "Role of dietary zinc deficiency in adult neuronal stem cell proliferation in the olfactory bulb." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/341805.
Full textAdvisor: Cathy W. Levenson, PhD., Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.
Oliver, Joe, Cuihong Phd Jia, and Theodoor Phd Hagg. "Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase promotes adult olfactory stem cell self-renewal and neuroregeneration via ciliary neurotrophic factor." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/97.
Full textHawkins, Sara Joy. "The timing of regeneration in the amphibian olfactory system." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15444.
Full textComprehending the mechanisms that make lifelong neurogenesis possible has a clear interest for the better understanding of the basic principles that govern cellular and molecular interactions in the nervous system, as well as a relevant clinical interest. The limited ability of the central nervous system to generate new neurons in order to replace those that have been lost is a formidable obstacle to recovery from neuronal damage caused by injury or neurodegenerative disease. The olfactory system (OS) is an ideal system to study the process of neuronal recovery after injury, as it is known for its lifelong capacity to replenish cells lost during natural turnover, as well as its remarkable ability to regenerate after severe lesion. The olfactory epithelium (OE) shows neurogenesis throughout life. Newly differentiated olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are continuously reintegrated into an existing circuitry to maintain the sense of smell. The aim of this thesis is to describe the morphological and functional alterations that occur over time in the OS of larval Xenopus laevis, after transection of the olfactory nerve (ON). Results obtained using immunohistochemistry essays, as well as sensory neuron labeling and calcium imaging techniques, indicate that ORN cell death reaches its peak 48 hours after transection, and that proliferating stem cells found in the basal cell layer of the OE are quickly upregulated after lesion. Supporting cells seem to maintain both morphological and functional integrity after transection of the ON. The OE recovers its original morphological structure 1 week after transection, at which time the first axons reach the olfactory bulb (OB) and begin the process of reinnervation. Spontaneous activity of mitral/tufted cells occurs in the OB during the first weeks after transection but no odor-induced activity is observed. After 3-4 weeks glomerular responses were observed in some animals upon application of stimulus, but the response and glomerular morphology are clearly altered as compared to control. After 6-7 weeks responses seem to have fully recovered, indicating that the OS of larval X. laevis recovers morphologically and functionally 6-7 weeks after ON transection.
O estudo dos mecanismos responsáveis pela neuro-regeneração tem um marcado interesse para a compreensão dos princípios básicos que governam as interações celulares e moleculares no sistema nervoso, bem como um interesse clínico relevante. A limitada capacidade do sistema nervoso central para dar origem a novos neurónios é um obstáculo formidável para a recuperação do sistema após lesão neuronal ou doença neurodegenerativa. O sistema olfativo é um sistema ideal para o estudo do processo de recuperação após lesão neuronal, pois é conhecido no mundo científico pela sua capacidade contínua e vitalícia para repor células perdidas durante a renovação celular natural, bem como a sua notável capacidade para regenerar após uma lesão grave. O epitélio olfativo apresenta a capacidade para dar origem a novos neurónios ao longo de toda a vida. Neurónios sensoriais olfativos diferenciados são continuamente reintegrados num circuito já existente, mantendo assim o sentido do olfato. O objetivo desta tese é descrever as alterações morfológicas e funcionais que ocorrem ao longo do tempo no sistema olfativo de Xenopus laevis em estado larvar, após o corte do nervo olfativo. Os resultados obtidos através do uso de ensaios de imunohistoquímica, bem como técnicas de marcação neuronal sensorial e de imagiologia de cálcio, indicam que a morte celular na população de neurónios sensoriais olfativos atinge o seu máximo 48 horas após a lesão, e que células estaminais encontradas na camada basal do epitélio olfativo são positivamente reguladas após lesão e proliferam rapidamente. Células de suporte parecem manter tanto a integridade morfológica como funcional após o corte do nervo olfativo. O epitélio olfativo recupera a sua estrutura morfológica inicial 1 semana após a lesão, momento em que os primeiros axónios atingem o bolbo olfativo e começam o processo de reintegração. Ocorre atividade espontânea das células mitrais/tufados do bolbo olfativo durante as primeiras semanas após a lesão, mas nenhuma atividade induzida por estímulo com odor foi observada. Depois de 3-4 semanas, atividade glomerular foi observada em alguns animais após a aplicação de estímulos, mas a resposta e morfologia glomerular foram claramente alteradas em relação ao controlo. Depois de 6-7 semanas as respostas parecem ter recuperado totalmente, indicando que o sistema olfativo de X. laevis em estado larvar recupera morfológica e funcionalmente 6-7 semanas após o corte do nervo olfativo.
Orechio, Dailiany. "Caracterização morfológica e celular da zona subventricular e da corrente rostral migratória em encéfalos de fetos caninos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-29092016-112302/.
Full textNeural precursors originated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of some animal species have a migration route destined for main olfactory bulb (MOB), where migrants neuroblasts differentiate into olfactory interneurons. This migratory stream is maintained in adulthood. Understanding how it is organized in fetal age is essential for general understanding and establishment of new cell therapies. The aim of this study is characterize the cellular composition and morphological organization of the SVZ and rostral migratory stream (RMS) of brains of canine fetuses. The SVZ, RMS and MOB was obtained from canine fetuses of the approximately 57 gestacional days-old. The tissue was analyzed by Nissl staining and by immunohistochemical methods for double labelling with doublecortin (DCX), transcription factor SOX2, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), calbindin (CALB), calretinin (CALR) and tyrosinehydroxylase (TH). Semiquantitative analysis of immunoreactivity and quantitative analysis of colocalization were realized, besides ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy. The results show that in dorsal SVZ, DCX immunoreactive cells were found along the ventricular wall, arranged tangentially and lines of SOX2 cells were also found in the same orientation. The GFAP immunostaining is stronger in dorsal SVZ with tangentially directed fibers near the lateral ventricle and radially oriented fibers toward the cortex. The RMS of dog fetus begins at anterior SVZ and follows caudally around the head of the caudate nucleus and vertically descends to bend rostrally into the MOB, where it ends in the granular cell layer (GCL).The RMS have SOX2 positive cells on entire length, showing a homogeneous appearance and high cell density. There is no positive CALB cells or CALR in any region of the SVZ and RMS. The results of the MOB show that the glomerular layer (GL) there were cells immunoreactive to CALR, TH, SOX2 and GFAP. In the external plexiforme layer (EPL) there were immunoreactive cells for CALR, CALB, SOX2 and GFAP and, the GCL, the prevalence is higher for CALR neurons, SOX2-ir and GFAP-ir cells. In colocalization analysis, they were found a some CALR positive neurons in GL that colabeled with SOX2 cells and a low colocalization of TH neurons and SOX2 cells. In EPL, was observed a low colocalization number of CALR and CALB neurons and in GCL, SOX2 cells colabeled with CALR neurons. The conclusions show that the dog fetus has a RMS directed to the MOB, with cellular immunoreactivity for DCX, SOX2 and GFAP in the ZSV and RMS and cellular immunoreactivity for SOX2 CALB, CALR, TH and GFAP in main olfactory bulb layers
Rodrigues, Marcio Nogueira. "Avaliação do transplante de células tronco do epitélio olfatório de ratos em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia submetidos a trauma medular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-15032012-085251/.
Full textStem cells from olfactory epithelium are capable of differentiation, regeneration of olfactory neurons and act in the myelination process of nerve fibers. The aim of this study was to verify the therapeutic potential of stem cells from the olfactory epithelium of Wistar rats in cell therapy in rabbits subjected to spinal cord injury. Rats were aged 2 months and New Zealand rabbits obtained in the bioterio of the Animal Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, at University of Sao Paulo. Samples of the olfactory epithelium of rats were treated and placed in culture in DMEM-F12 supplemented. Four types of spinal cord injury were tested in New Zealand rabbits: hemisecction dorsal and ventral, total and lateral section. The teratogenic potential test was made in NUDE mices. For therapy were transplanted 5x105 cells in 4 rabbits subjected to spinal cord injury in the ventral region. The cells showed predominant fibroblastoid morphology. Tests for growth curve and colony formation demonstrated that culture conditions in these cells were suitable for the development of these cells. In the immunofluorescence analyses the cells showed positive reaction for vimentin, Oct-4, GFAP, OMP, Nanog, cytokeratin-18 and beta tubulin. In flow cytometry analyses was found negative reaction for CD 113, CD 117 and Stro-1 and positive reaction for vimentin, Nanog and OMP. In immunohistochemistry analysis were observed positive reaction for vimentin, OMP, GFAP and Nanog. Positive labeling was showed on the collected material for GFP. Clinical improvement occurred in the animals evaluated 21 days after cell transplantation. With some reflections about how the placement of conscious proprioception and tactile, it also presented a reflection of pedaling. After this, we concluded that the better model for induction of spinal cord injury in rabbits is the hemisecction ventral and the olfactory stem cells of Wistar rats showed a great therapeutic potential in animals subjected to spinal cord injury.
De, las Heras Rachel, and n/a. "Neuronal Differentiation: A Study Into Differential Gene Expression." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040225.161725.
Full textHonoré, Axel. "Effet des Cellules Gliales Olfactives issues des Bulbes Olfactifs sur les cellules souches épendymaires et leur progénie après une lésion médullaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR060/document.
Full textThe spinal cord injuries (SCI) lead to the damages of the spinal cord or nerves and often cause permanent changes in body functions leading to the death. Cell therapies have raised great hope for regenerative medicine. Clinical data showed that the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) enhanced functional recovery after SCI and could be a very attractive therapeutic approach. Moreover, the discovery of a new endogenous resident stem cell population, lining the central canal of the spinal cord, named ependymal stem cells, represents a new hope for the therapy. This thesis analyzed the role of OECs transplantation, on the behaviour of ependymal stem cells since these cells, together with astrocytes and pericytes significantly contribute to the recovery of SCI. The use of the mouse model hFoxJ1-CreERT2::YFP (allowing to specifically follow the ependymal stem cells ant their progeny) showed that OECs increased in vitro the self-renewal potential of spinal cord stem cells and modified their differentiation pathway towards a neural type. In vivo, OECs transplantation significantly increases the proliferation of ependymal cells and their differenciation into hypo-reactive astrocytes leading to the formation of a beneficial environment to neuronal survival and the neurogenesis establishment. Our results also showed for the first time that OECs transplantation after SCI allows the generation of new neurons by non-ependymal cell-derived progenitors. These results represent a new hope in the establishment of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SCI in humans
Boone, Nathalie. "Les cellules souches olfactives humaines : un nouveau modèle d'étude des mécanismes à l'origine d'une maladie neurodégénérative, la dysautonomie familiale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20694.
Full textFamilial dysautonomia (FD) is a hereditary neuropathy caused by mutations in the IKBKAP gene, the most common of which results in variable tissue-specific mRNA splicing with skipping of exon 20. Defective splicing is especially severe in nervous tissue, leading to incomplete development and progressive degeneration of sensory and autonomic neurons. The specificity of neuron loss in FD is poorly understood due to the lack of an appropriate model system. To better understand and modelize the molecular mechanisms of IKBKAP mRNA splicing, we collected human olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (hOE-MSCs) from FD patients. hOE-MSCs have a pluripotent ability to differentiate into various cell lineages, including neurons and glial cells.We confirmed IKBKAP mRNA alternative splicing in FD hOE-MSCs and observed a significant lower expression of both IKBKAP transcripts and IKAP/hELP1 protein in FD cells resulting from the degradation of the transcript isoform skipping exon 20. We localized IKAP/hELP1 in different cell compartments, including the nucleus, which supports multiple roles for that protein. Moreover, we showed that kinetin improved exon 20 inclusion and restores a normal level of IKAP/hELP1 in FD hOE-MSCs. Furthermore, we were able to modify the IKBKAP splicing ratio in FD hOE-MSCs, increasing or reducing the WT (exon 20 inclusion):MU (exon 20 skipping) ratio respectively, either by producing free-floating spheres, or by inducing cells into neural differentiation. Spheres forming cells and lineage neuroglial progenitors were investigated at the genome-wide level, and we confirmed that nervous system development was the most altered process in FD. More, we highlight kinetin role as a putative regulator of splicing factors which contribute to restore a correct splicing of IKBKAP.hOE-MSCs isolated from FD patients represent a new approach for modeling FD to better understand genetic expression and possible therapeutic approaches. This model could also be applied to other neurological genetic diseases
Ilha, Jocemar. "Reabilitação e plasticidade neuromuscular após lesão medular : efeitos do treino de marcha em esteira e transplante de glia embainhante olfatória." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/31789.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to study the effects of treadmill step training alone and in combination with olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) on functional recovery and activity-dependent neuromuscular plasticity in a traumatic paraplegia model. For this, we made two experiments. In the 1st experiment, complete spinal cord transection (SCT) was made in adult Wistar rats and after 5 days the spinal animals were underwent a 9 week body-weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) program. In the 2nd experiment, the spinal animals received acute olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation and, similar to the 1st experiment, started a BWSTT 5 days after the injury/transplantation. Behavioral tests were periodically performed in order to study the hindlimb sensorimotor functions in both experiments. Furthermore, after 9 weeks of the training (10 weeks after SCI/transplantation), histological and biochemical analysis were performed in spinal cord and soleus muscle tissues. The results show that treadmill step training improves hindlimb sensorimotor function in rats with complete spinal cord transection (SCT). The trained animals showed higher BBB scores and normalization of the withdrawal reflex. Furthermore, spinal animals showed alpha motoneuron soma size atrophy, decrease in synaptophysin expression and Na+,K+-ATPase activity in lumbar spinal cord. Trained SCT animals showed motoneuron soma size, synaptophysin expression and Na+,K+-ATPase activity values similar to controls. In soleus muscle, SCT led to severe muscular atrophy, which was accompanied by a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in this muscle. On the other hand, treadmill step training was able to revert/prevent this paralysis-induced muscular atrophy and promote significant improvement in soleus BDNF expression, which was positively correlated to activity-dependent muscular trophism. Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation promotes significant improvements in the BBB scores of animals with SCT. However, treadmill step training was able to accelerate this functional gain. There was no significant axonal regeneration that traversed the injury site, which suggests that functional gains occurred in a manner independent of axonal regeneration. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that treadmill step training after SCT promotes activity-dependent morphological and biochemical plasticity in neuromuscular tissues. The functional improvements occurred concomitantly to these plastic changes. Moreover, OEC therapy showed positive results on hindlimb motor function recovery which was accelerated with treadmill step training even in the absence of axonal regeneration across the lesion site. These results represent important neurobiological information for the neuroscientific basis that supports these therapies as an efficient and safe approach in spinal cord injury rehabilitation.
Pin-Hui and 呂品慧. "Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Rat Olfactory Bulbs can Differentiate into Cells with Cardiomyocyte Characteristics." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42482586962570576236.
Full text中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
100
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are widely distributed in different tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissues, peripheral blood, umbilical cord and amnionic fluid. Recently, MSC-like cells also exist in rat olfactory bulb and are capable to induce differentiate into mesenchymal lineages: osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that MSCs derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue are capable of differentiate into cardiomyocytes; however, whether these cells can differentiate into myocardial cells is not known. In this study, we examined whether olfactory bulb derived MSCs could differentiate into myocardial cells in vitro. Fibroblast-like cells isolated from the olfactory bulb of neonatal rats were grown under 4 conditions: no treatment; in the presence of growth factors (neuregulin-1, b-FGF, and forskolin); co-cultured with cardiomyocytes; co-cultured with cardiomyocytes plus neuregulin-1, b-FGF, and forskolin. Cell differentiation into myocardial cells was monitored by RT-PCR, light microscopy, immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and contractile response to pharmacological treatments. The isolated olfactory bulb-derived fibroblast-like cells expressed CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD166 but not CD34 and CD45, consistent with the characteristics of MSCs. Long cylindical cells that spontaneously contracted were only observed following 7 days of MSC co-culture with rat cardiomyocytes plus neuregulin-1, b-FGF and forskolin. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicated that the cylindrical cells expressed myocardial markers, such as Nkx2.5, GATA4, sarcomeric α-actinin, cardiac troponin I, cardiac myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic peptide and connexin 43. They also contained sarcomeres and gap junction and were sensitive to pharmacologic treatments (adrenal and cholinergic agonists and antagonists). These findings indicate that rat olfactory bulb derived fibroblast-like cells with MSC characteristics can differentiate into myocardial-like cells.
Juin-Hong, Cherng, and 程君弘. "Grafting adult human olfactory stem cells as a therapeutic strategy to repair spinal cord injury." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20120196834479055187.
Full text國防醫學院
生物及解剖學研究所
93
Spinal cord injury is a major medical problem worldwide for scientists and clinicians. The failure of axons to regenerate in the adult central nervous system (CNS) has been attributed to a variety of factors including the glial scar, the presence of inhibitory factors and the lack of trophic factor support. Several strategies have been developed to rebuild the injured spinal cord in animals such as adding growth factors, providing bridges of peripheral nerves, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) or stem cells transplantation. Reviews these roles of transplantation, the recent discovery of OECs capable of generating central nervous system (CNS) tissues, coupled with success in neurotransplantation strategies, has renewed hope that repair and recovery from CNS trauma is possible. Based on results from several studies using OECs to promote CNS repair, our laboratory tried to recruit the human olfactory stem cells cultured from the human nasal polyp tissue, a common surgical specimen of patient’s nasal polyp in ear-nose-throat department. Several specific markers such as low affinity nerve growth factor receptor, p75NTR; oligodendrocyte marker 4, O4, schwann cell intermediate filament, S100-β, glial fibrillary aidic protein, GFAP were used to characterization after in vitro induced. Then, the human olfactory stem cells were transplanted into the spinal cord of the adult rats with complete spinal cord transection. The locomotor’s function of grafted animals were assessed by BBB score and already recovery to weight supporting; and the axonal regeneration were evaluated found by retrograde neuroanatornical tract tracer-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP). Immunohistochemistry results prove the human olfactory stem cell survival and the new myelin formation after transplanted eight weeks at the beginning, and we believed the cells directly or indirectly promote the repair of injury. To our knowledge, we reprot for this frontier field that the improvement of hindlimb function after human olfactory stem cells transplantation in adult rats T8 transection injury. This work opens new avenue for the treatment of spinal cord injury with olfactory stem cells in human.
Carter, Lindsay A. "Olfactory epithelial horizonal basal cells : an assessment of stem cell candidacy and behavioural regulation in vivo and in vitro." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12405.
Full textAlvites, Rui Damazio. "Combined use of Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biomaterials in Regenerative Therapies after Peripheral Nerve Injury." Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134928.
Full textAlvites, Rui Damazio. "Combined use of Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biomaterials in Regenerative Therapies after Peripheral Nerve Injury." Tese, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134928.
Full textLi, Ming-Yang, and 李明洋. "YAP Mediates TRIP6-Promoted Neural Stem Cell Maintenance in the Postnatal Mammalian Subventricular Zone-Olfactory Pathway and Its Applications." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sgy63g.
Full text國立臺灣師範大學
生命科學系
107
Postnatal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ)-olfactory bulb pathway in mammals is regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Since endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain have potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders, studying mechanisms regulating postnatal NSCs may provide clinical applications. However, the role of TRIP6, YAP and ginkgolide B in postnatal NSCs remain unclear. TRIP6 belongs to zyxin family of LIM proteins, which have been shown to interact with various proteins to regulate cell proliferation, survival and migration. We find that TRIP6 is expressed by adult NSCs in the SVZ but not migrating neuroblasts. TRIP6 is necessary and sufficient for self-renewal and proliferation of adult NSCs, but inhibits their differentiation. We also find that TRIP6 activates the Notch signaling, a pathway required for NSC self-renewal. Previous studies show that the Hippo pathway regulates cell proliferation and organ size through inhibiting YAP. We find that TRIP6 inhibits the Hippo pathway and activates YAP through PP1A. TRIP6 promotes NSC maintenance and proliferation and inhibits neuronal differentiation through YAP. During differentiation of NSCs, we also find that ginkgolide B promotes neurogenesis through the Wnt pathway. These findings show that YAP acts downstream of TRIP6 to promote adult NSC maintenance, whereas ginkgolide B promotes neurogenesis in the postnatal NSCs.
Bouab, Meriem. "L’effet du vieillissement sur les cellules souches neurales adultes." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4222.
Full textNeurogenesis persists throughout the adulthood in two regions of the mammalian central nervous system (SNC): the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) of the forebrain and the sub-granular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. Neurogenesis is possible due to the proliferation capacity of stem cells present within both the SVZ and SGZ niches, but with aging, the forebrain undergoes a drastic reduction in its number of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs), a decrease of cell proliferation and an alteration of the neurogenic niches. However, a key unresolved question remains: how the onset of aNSC loss is temporally related to changes of proliferating activity and to structural alterations within the principal stem cell niche (the SVZ)? To gain insights into the initial events leading to aging-associated aNSC loss, we investigated the changes occurring to aNSCs and the SVZ niche between young adulthood and middle-age. The SVZ niche of middle-aged mice (12-months-old) was found to display reduced expression of markers for multiple neural precursor sub-populations when compared to young adult mice (2-months-old). Anatomically, this was associated with significant cytological aberrations, including an overall atrophy of the SVZ, loss of sub-ependymal cells, and accumulation of large lipid droplets within the ependyma. Functionally, these changes correlated with diminished SVZ activity and reduced number of newly born neurons reaching the principal target tissue: the olfactory bulbs. To determine whether changes were evident at the level of the SVZ stem cells, we evaluated key in vitro and in vivo parameters of aNSCs. Tissue culture experiments showed that equal numbers of neurosphere-forming aNSCs could be isolated from young adult and middle-aged forebrains. However, at middle-age, neural precursors seemed to be less sensitive to growth factors during their in vitro differentiation and displayed signs of increased quiescence in vivo. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that, with early aging, aNCS and their SVZ niche go through significant changes, and suggest that aging-associated aNSC loss is secondary to these events.