Relevant bibliographies by topics / Olfactory epithelium

Academic literature on the topic 'Olfactory epithelium'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Olfactory epithelium"

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Ghosh, Saroj Kumar. "Histology and surface morphology of the olfactory epithelium in the freshwater teleost Clupisoma garua (Hamilton, 1822)." Fisheries & Aquatic Life 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2019-0014.

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Abstract The anatomical structure of the olfactory organ and the organization of various cells lining the olfactory mucosa of Clupisoma garua (Siluriformes; Schilbeidae) were investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy. The olfactory organ was composed of numerous lamellae of various sizes, radiating outward from both sides of the narrow midline raphe, forming an elongated rosette. Each lamella consisted of the olfactory epithelium and a central lamellar space, the central core. The epithelium covering the surface of the rosette folds was differentiated into zones of sensory and indifferent epithelia. The sensory part of epithelium was characterized by three types of morphologically distinct receptor neurons: ciliated receptor cells, microvillous receptor cells, and rod receptor cells for receiving olfactory sensation from the aquatic environment. The indifferent epithelium comprising a large surface area of the lamella, was covered with compact non-sensory cilia. The non-sensory epithelium contained stratified epithelial cells with microridges, mucin secreting mucous cells, labyrinth cells, and basal cells, which were arranged in a layer at the base of the epithelium. Various cells on the olfactory epithelium were correlated with the functional significance of the fish concerned.
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Ghosh, Saroj Kumar. "The morphohistology and fine anatomy of the olfactory organ in pabda catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794)." Our Nature 18, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v18i1.34237.

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The organization of the olfactory system in Ompok bimaculatus (Siluriformes: Siluridae) were investigated by histological and ultrastructural analysis. The nasal chamber was totally engrossed by a boat shaped elongated olfactory rosette with numerous lamella. Histomicroscopically, each lamella was comprised of central core bounded on both sides by the cellular elements of olfactory epithelium. The central core was composed of thick connective tissue, nerve fibres and blood capillaries. The cellular components of the olfactory epithelium were identified based on their staining vigour, architecture, structural characteristics and surface features. The sensory epithelium contained morphologically recognizable ciliated, microvillous and rod receptor neurons. Labyrinth cells, scattered lymphatic cells, secretory mucous cells, stratified epithelial cells bearing microfolds and condensed ciliated supporting cells were observed in the indifferent epithelia. The basal cells were submerged in the deeper zone of mucosa above the basal lamina. Different sensory and nonsensory cells of the olfactory lining were associated with chemical stimulation of the fish studied. This species acquires a well developed olfactory sense for exploring the aquatic environment and able to determine the chemical changes in the surroundings.
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Miller, M. A., S. J. Kottler, J. A. Ramos-Vara, P. J. Johnson, V. K. Ganjam, and T. J. Evans. "3-Methylindole Induces Transient Olfactory Mucosal Injury in Ponies." Veterinary Pathology 40, no. 4 (July 2003): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.40-4-363.

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Response to 3-methylindole (3MI) varies among species. Mice recover from 3MI-induced bronchiolar epithelial injury but sustain persistent olfactory mucosal injury with scarring and epithelial metaplasia. In contrast, 3MI induces obliterative bronchiolitis in horses and ponies, but olfactory mucosal injury has not been reported. To evaluate the effect of 3MI on equine olfactory mucosa, ponies were dosed orally with 100 mg 3MI/kg ( n = 9) or corn oil vehicle ( n = 6). All ponies treated with 3MI developed obliterative bronchiolitis with mild olfactory injury. By 3 days after 3MI dosing, olfactory epithelium appeared disorganized with decreased and uneven surface height and scalloping of the basement membrane zone. Epithelial cells of Bowman's glands were hypertrophic. Proliferation of olfactory epithelium and Bowman's glands was supported by an increased mitotic index and positive immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen as compared with controls. The activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, an olfactory mucosal cytosolic enzyme localized to sustentacular and Bowman's glandular epithelial cells, was concurrently decreased. By 9 days postdosing, olfactory mucosal lesions had lessened. Results indicate that 3MI transiently injures equine olfactory mucosa without the extensive necrosis, scarring, or metaplasia seen in murine olfactory mucosa or in equine bronchiolar epithelium.
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Kennel, Christopher, Elizabeth A. Gould, Eric D. Larson, Ernesto Salcedo, Thad Vickery, Diego Restrepo, and Vijay R. Ramakrishnan. "Differential Expression of Mucins in Murine Olfactory Versus Respiratory Epithelium." Chemical Senses 44, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjz046.

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Abstract Mucins are a key component of the surface mucus overlying airway epithelium. Given the different functions of the olfactory and respiratory epithelia, we hypothesized that mucins would be differentially expressed between these 2 areas. Secondarily, we evaluated for potential changes in mucin expression with radiation exposure, given the clinical observations of nasal dryness, altered mucus rheology, and smell loss in radiated patients. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate expression of mucins 1, 2, 5AC, and 5B in nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelia of control mice and 1 week after exposure to 8 Gy of radiation. Mucins 1, 5AC, and 5B exhibited differential expression patterns between olfactory and respiratory epithelium (RE) while mucin 2 showed no difference. In the olfactory epithelium (OE), mucin 1 was located in a lattice-like pattern around gaps corresponding to dendritic knobs of olfactory sensory neurons, whereas in RE it was intermittently expressed by surface goblet cells. Mucin 5AC was expressed by subepithelial glands in both epithelial types but to a higher degree in the OE. Mucin 5B was expressed by submucosal glands in OE and by surface epithelial cells in RE. At 1-week after exposure to single-dose 8 Gy of radiation, no qualitative effects were seen on mucin expression. Our findings demonstrate that murine OE and RE express mucins differently, and characteristic patterns of mucins 1, 5AC, and 5B can be used to define the underlying epithelium. Radiation (8 Gy) does not appear to affect mucin expression at 1 week. Level of Evidence N/A (Basic Science Research). IACUC-approved study [Protocol 200065].
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Turk, M. A. M., W. G. Henk, and W. Flory. "3-Methylindole-Induced Nasal Mucosal Damage in Mice." Veterinary Pathology 24, no. 5 (September 1987): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588702400506.

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3-Methylindole (3MI) damages nasal olfactory epithelium in mice. Lesions were studied histologically from 30 minutes to 28 days after intraperitoneal injection of 400 mg 3MI/kg. Cellular swelling was apparent in olfactory epithelium by 6 hours after injection of 3MI, while respiratory epithelium was normal. Necrosis of olfactory epithelium and subepithelial glands was diffuse by 48 hours. Subsequent ulceration resulted in epithelial hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, fibroplasia, and ossification. Partially occlusive intranasal fibrous and osseous tissue persisted through 28 days after 3MI injection.
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Klingenstein, Moritz, Stefanie Klingenstein, Peter H. Neckel, Andreas F. Mack, Andreas P. Wagner, Alexander Kleger, Stefan Liebau, and Alfio Milazzo. "Evidence of SARS-CoV2 Entry Protein ACE2 in the Human Nose and Olfactory Bulb." Cells Tissues Organs 209, no. 4-6 (2020): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513040.

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Usually, pandemic COVID-19 disease, caused by SARS-CoV2, presents with mild respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, but frequently also with anosmia and neurological symptoms. Virus-cell fusion is mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) with their organ expression pattern determining viral tropism. Clinical presentation suggests rapid viral dissemination to the central nervous system leading frequently to severe symptoms including viral meningitis. Here, we provide a comprehensive expression landscape of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins across human postmortem nasal and olfactory tissue. Sagittal sections through the human nose complemented with immunolabelling of respective cell types represent different anatomically defined regions including olfactory epithelium, respiratory epithelium of the nasal conchae and the paranasal sinuses along with the hardly accessible human olfactory bulb. ACE2 can be detected in the olfactory epithelium as well as in the respiratory epithelium of the nasal septum, the nasal conchae, and the paranasal sinuses. ACE2 is located in the sustentacular cells and in the glandular cells in the olfactory epithelium as well as in the basal cells, glandular cells, and epithelial cells of the respiratory epithelium. Intriguingly, ACE2 is not expressed in mature or immature olfactory receptor neurons and basal cells in the olfactory epithelium. Similarly, ACE2 is not localized in the olfactory receptor neurons albeit the olfactory bulb is positive. Vice versa, TMPRSS2 can also be detected in the sustentacular cells and the glandular cells of the olfactory epithelium. Our findings provide the basic anatomical evidence for the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the human nose, olfactory epithelium, and olfactory bulb. Thus, they are substantial for future studies that aim to elucidate the symptom of SARS-CoV2 induced anosmia via the olfactory pathway.
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Kumar Ghosh, Saroj, and Padmanabha Chakrabarti. "Histological organization and microarchitecture of various cells lining the olfactory epithelium of Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) (Siluriformes: Bagridae)." Biological Letters 49, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10120-012-0005-4.

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Abstract Rita rita is a carnivorous, bottom dwelling catfish inhabits in muddy dirty water and depends on olfactory sensation for procurement of food. The structural organization and function ofvarious cells lining its olfactory epithelium have been investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The elongated olfactory organ consists of 64-68 primary lamellae arising from a narrow median raphe. Sen­sory as well as non-sensory regions are distinctly oriented on each olfactory lamella. The sensory epithe­lium occupies the apical tongue-shaped area and basal part of the olfactory lamellae, whereas the middle part is covered with non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium is composed of 2 types of dendrites of receptor cells (either ciliated or microvillous), labyrinth cells, and a large number of flagellated suppor­ting cells. The non-sensory epithelium is made up of stratified epithelial cells having a different pattern of microridges and mucous cells. Variations in the cellular orientation of the various cells on the olfactory epithelium have been correlated with the functional views of the fish concerned.
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Larson, Eric D., Shivani Pathak, Vijay R. Ramakrishnan, and Thomas E. Finger. "A Subset of Olfactory Sensory Neurons Express Forkhead Box J1-Driven eGFP." Chemical Senses 44, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjz060.

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Abstract Forkhead box protein J1 (FOXJ1), a member of the forkhead family transcription factors, is a transcriptional regulator of motile ciliogenesis. The nasal respiratory epithelium, but not olfactory epithelium, is lined with FOXJ1-expressing multiciliated epithelial cells with motile cilia. In a transgenic mouse where an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) transgene is driven by the human FOXJ1 promoter, robust eGFP expression is observed not only in the multiciliated cells of the respiratory epithelium but in a distinctive small subset of olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium. These eGFP-positive cells lie at the extreme apical part of the neuronal layer and are most numerous in dorsal-medial regions of olfactory epithelium. Interestingly, we observed a corresponding small number of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb wherein eGFP-labeled axons terminate, suggesting that the population of eGFP+ receptor cells expresses a limited number of olfactory receptors. Similarly, a subset of vomeronasal sensory neurons expresses eGFP and is distributed throughout the full height of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium. In keeping with this broad distribution of labeled vomeronasal receptor cells, eGFP-labeled axons terminate in many glomeruli in both anterior and posterior portions of the accessory olfactory bulb. These findings suggest that Foxj1-driven eGFP marks a specific population of olfactory and vomeronasal sensory neurons, although neither receptor cell population possess motile cilia.
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Seo, Jin-Seok, Sun-Woo Yoon, Seung-Hyeon Hwang, Sung-Min Nam, Sang-Soep Nahm, Jei-Hyun Jeong, Jiho Lee, Ha-Na Youn, Jun-Beom Kim, and Woosuk Kim. "The Microvillar and Solitary Chemosensory Cells as the Novel Targets of Infection of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian Golden Hamsters." Viruses 13, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081653.

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Patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, suffer from respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms. Among these symptoms, the loss of smell has attracted considerable attention. The objectives of this study were to determine which cells are infected, what happens in the olfactory system after viral infection, and how these pathologic changes contribute to olfactory loss. For this purpose, Syrian golden hamsters were used. First, we verified the olfactory structures in the nasal cavity of Syrian golden hamsters, namely the main olfactory epithelium, the vomeronasal organ, and their cellular components. Second, we found angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, a receptor protein of SARS-CoV-2, in both structures and infections of supporting, microvillar, and solitary chemosensory cells. Third, we observed pathological changes in the infected epithelium, including reduced thickness of the mucus layer, detached epithelia, indistinct layers of epithelia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and apoptotic cells in the overall layers. We concluded that a structurally and functionally altered microenvironment influences olfactory function. We observed the regeneration of the damaged epithelium, and found multilayers of basal cells, indicating that they were activated and proliferating to reconstitute the injured epithelium.
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Ghosh, Saroj Kumar, and Padmanabha Chakrabarti. "Histomorphological and microanatomical characteristics of the olfactory organ of freshwater carp, Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton)." Archives of Polish Fisheries 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aopf-2016-0017.

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Abstract The morphoanatomy, cellular organization, and surface architecture of the olfactory apparatus in Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton) is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. The oval shaped olfactory rosette contained 32 ± 2 primary lamellae on each side of the median raphe, and was lodged on the floor of the olfactory chamber. The olfactory lamellae were basically flat and compactly arranged in the rosette. The olfactory chamber communicated to the outside aquatic environment through inlet and outlet apertures with a conspicuous nasal flap in between. The mid dorsal portion of the olfactory lamellae was characterized by a linguiform process. Sensory and non-sensory regions were distributed separately on each lamella. The sensory epithelium occupied the apical part including the linguiform process, whereas the resting part of the lamella was covered with non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium comprised both ciliated and microvillous receptor cells distinguished by the architecture on their apical part. The non-sensory epithelium possessed mucous cells, labyrinth cells, and stratified epithelial cells with distinctive microridges. The functional importance of the different cells lining the olfactory mucosa was correlated with the ecological habits of the fish examined.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Olfactory epithelium"

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Schmachtenberg, Oliver. "Nitric oxide in the olfactory epithelium." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962820598.

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Vedin, Viktoria. "Molecular and functional anatomy of the mouse olfactory epithelium." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-868.

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Hsu, Pi-en. "Growth Factor Expression Associated With Regulation of Olfactory Neurogenesis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367546.

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Olfactory neurons arise from the division of a stem cell in the basal area of the epithelium. After dividing asymmetrically and symmetrically, the stem cell gives rise to many immature olfactory receptor neurons that gradually differentiate into mature neurons as they migrate away from the basement membrane. The neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium takes place throughout adult life, which makes the olfactory epithelium system a useful model with which to study the mechanisms that direct neural development. Olfactory neurogenesis is highly regulated for the need of maintaining the equilibrium between the basal cell mitosis, cell death and cell survival in olfactory epithelium, for which many growth factors have been reported to play roles in regulating olfactory neurogenesis. Many reports observed the proliferative role of TGF and EGF in the olfactory neurogenesis and the expression of their receptors in horizontal basal cells, suggesting their signaling pathways for proliferation were mediated by a common receptor on the horizontal basal cells. FGF2 was reported to induce proliferation in a mouse embryo explant, a basal cell line, and in our laboratory, a basal cell culture. However, the target cells of FGF2 in the olfactory epithelium were not clear at the time of the research. TGF -2 was observed to stimulate differentiation in semi-dissociated olfactory tissues, in basal cell cultures and a basal cell line. Some of the receptors for TGF growth factors were found to be expressed in the olfactory epithelium but the identity of the target cells of TGF growth factors and the cells expressing them remained largely unknown. PDGF was observed in our laboratory to promote survival of immature neurons but there was no evidence to show the existence of its receptors on the immature neurons or to locate its source in the olfactory epithelium. This project aimed to identify and characterize the cells expressing TGF -2, PDGF and FGF growth factors and receptors in the olfactory epithelium using techniques of RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridisation. Our results have shown most members of TGF -2 superfamily were expressed in the olfactory epithelium in that TGF growth factors 1, 2, 3 and TGF receptor type 1, 2 and 3 were expressed extensively in superficially located basal cells, immature and mature neurons. FGF1 was expressed in olfactory epithelium. FGF2 and FGFr-1 were expressed by neurons and presumed globose basal cells. The supporting cells were like to express FGF2 mRNA. PDGF A and PDGF receptor had similar expression patterns in the olfactory epithelium. In support of previous studies, this project has provided in vivo evidence for the cells expressing the growth factors of importance and for the target cells these growth factors might act on. In addition to these, this project also investigated an unknown gene, 16b5, which was previously found to be unregulated by differentiation of an olfactory cell line, and has provided the in vivo evidence to support the finding.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
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Blomster, Linda. "Role of fractalkine/CX3CL1 signalling in the regenerating olfactory epithelium." Thesis, Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-905.

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The olfactory epithelium (OE) is a useful model to study neurogenesis because of the sustained ability for self-repair throughout adult life. The main aim of this study was to investigate putative neuroprotective roles of fractalkine/CX3CL1 signalling in the olfactory epithelium after experimentally-induced cell death and replacement of olfactory sensory neurons. Previous studies have shown that signalling through the fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, can regulate neurotoxicity of monocyte-derived cells via suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, i.e. IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. This is particularly interesting as the latter molecules contribute to a microenvironment that causes neuronal death and impaired neurogenesis. Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to investigate differential expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in wild-type and CX3CR1-deficient mice following olfactory bulbectomy. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the influx of phagocytic macrophages into the OE and the extent of neurogenesis following injury. Increased numbers of intraepithelial macrophages were detected in the olfactory epithelium of CX3CR1-deficient mice after injury. Interestingly, expression levels of OMP (a marker for mature olfactory sensory neurons) were significantly reduced in CX3CR1-deficient mice after injury, which is indicative for increased neuronal death. The latter was confirmed by quantitative counts of OMP-positive neurons in tissue sections. The increased expression levels of both TNF-α and IL-6 that were detected in CX3CR1-deficient mice likely contributed to this aggravated neuronal death. The extent of neurogenesis was significantly decreased in the CX3CR1-deficient mice compared to the wild-type mice after bulbectomy. In summary, these results suggest that fractalkine signalling in the olfactory epithelium may have an important role in the regulation of macrophage responses to injury and maintenance of an environment that allows for functional repair.
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Reed, C. J. "Studies of cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions in the olfactory epithelium." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374871.

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Wells, Karen Elizabeth. "Characterisation of the stem/precursor cells of the rat olfactory epithelium." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613198.

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Chamberlain, Mark Peter. "The toxicity of methyl iodide : in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies in the rat nasal cavity and cerebellum." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244461.

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Kilgour, Joanne Dawn. "Development and validation of an in vitro rat nasal epithelial model for predicting respiratory tract toxicity." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361508.

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Jang, Woochan. "The presence of fos-like immunoreactivity in neurons in the vomeronasal epithelium of mice /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842591.

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McCurdy, Richard D., and n/a. "Investigations of Olfactory Mucosa to Test the Neurodevelopmental Nature of Psychoses." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051121.133824.

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Evidence from various sources suggests that schizophrenia may result from altered brain development. The adult olfactory epithelium provides an available 'window' on neuronal development because new neurons are formed there throughout life. This thesis set out to test the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of psychotic disease. Two cell-based models, skin fibroblast and olfactory mucosa culture, were employed to investigate this hypothesis. In order to first demonstrate the utility of olfactory mucosa culture as a model of neurodevelopment, and to allow the candidate to gain proficiency in the culture of this tissue, an investigation of the mitogenic and differentiating properties of insulin-like growth factor-I within this system was undertaken. Insulin-like growth factor-I has multiple effects within the developing nervous system but its role in neurogenesis in the adult nervous system is less clear. The adult olfactory mucosa is a site of continuing neurogenesis that expresses insulin-like growth factor-I, its receptor, and its binding proteins. The action of insulin-like growth factor-I was assayed in several serum-free culture systems combined with bromodeoxyuridine labelling of proliferating cells and immunochemistry for specific cell types. Once proficiency in olfactory mucosa culture was gained, this model was applied to biopsied olfactory mucosa from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients in order to test the developmental parameters of adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell death in a neural tissue. It was previously shown that olfactory cultures from individuals with schizophrenia had increased cell proliferation and attached less frequently than cultures from healthy controls suggesting disrupted neurogenesis. An aim of this study was to replicate those observations in individuals with schizophrenia and and extend them to individuals with bipolar disorder. After completion of the cell and tissue culture assays, microarray analysis of these cell-based models was used to reveal gene expression differences present between patients and healthy controls. Microarray analysis is a complicated technique and the limited amounts of RNA that can be extracted from a single nasal biopsy further compounds this issue. In order to obtain enough material for microarray hybridization RNA samples underwent antisense amplification. Therefore, with the aim of allowing the candidate to gain proficiency in both these techniques prior to microarray analysis of olfactory biopsies from patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, a pilot microarray study of cultured skin fibroblasts from schizophrenia patients and healthy controls was performed. The present findings show that insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor were expressed by globose basal cells (the neuronal precursor), by neurons and by olfactory ensheathing cells, the special glia of the olfactory nerve. Insulin-like growth factor-I reduced the numbers of proliferating neuronal precursors, induced their differentiation into neurons, and promoted morphological differentiation of neurons. In contrast, this growth factor was mitogenic for olfactory ensheathing cells. The evidence suggests that insulin-like growth factor-I is an autocrine/paracrine signal that induces neuronal precursors to differentiate into olfactory sensory neurons and induces olfactory ensheathing cells to proliferate and that olfactory mucosa culture is valuable in modelling neurodevelopmental processes. When the olfactory musoca culture model was applied to patients with psychosis, a two-fold increase in proliferation of neural cells was found in schizophrenia compared to controls and bipolars. In bipolar cultures there was a 3-fold increase in cell death compared to controls and schizophrenia. Microarray analysis of cultured skin fibroblasts revealed differential expression of over 1000 genes between patients and controls. Inspection of the significant data showed alterations to gene expression between groups in the cell cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle and oxidative stress pathways. Gene expression in each of these pathways was predominately decreased in schizophrenia. Quantitative PCR analysis of selected differentially expressed genes involved with cell cycle regulation validated the increased expression of vitamin D receptor, and decreased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and DEAD (Asp-GIu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 5 in skin fibroblasts from patients with schizophrenia. Microarray analysis of biopsied olfactory mucosa showed 146 and 139 differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder respectively, compared to controls. Consistent with increased mitosis in schizophrenia biopsy cultures three genes that function to positively influence cell cycle had increased expression. In the bipolar disorder group a dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositolsignalling pathway was seen; five genes that either directly function within or interact with this pathway had decreased expression. There is speculation that the therapeutic effect of psychotropic drugs acting upon this pathway in bipolar disorder involves reduction of neuronal cell death. Increased mitosis of neural cells has now been observed in two separate groups of schizophrenic patients indicating a robust finding. The use of fibroblast and olfactory mucosal tissue can be used to study biological and genetic aspects of neurodevelopment in living humans both with and without psychotic disease. Biopsied olfactory mucosa provides benefits over the use of autopsied material for study of psychotic disease because post-mortem duration and agonal factors that lead to tissue, protein and nucleic acid degradation are not an issue. This study provides evidence for a neurodevelopmental aetiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder acting at the level of cell cycle control. Subtle changes in the timing of cell cycle regulation could account for the brain pathologies observed in these diseases. Olfactory mucosa culture is a valuable model of neurodevelopmental processes.
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Books on the topic "Olfactory epithelium"

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Edwards, Damian Andrew. Nicotine as an odorant: A biochemical and electrophysiological study of receptors for nicotine in the olfactory epithelium of the rat. [s.l.]: typescript, 1987.

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Calof, Anne. Systems Biology of Neural Stem Cells: Lessons from the Olfactory Epithelium. Morgan & Claypool Life Science Publishers, 2014.

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Calof, Anne L. Systems Biology of Neural Stem Cells: Lessons from the Olfactory Epithelium. Morgan & Claypool Life Science Publishers, 2014.

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Maciunas, George, and Mats B. George Maciunas: Diagram of Historical Development of Fluxus and Other 4 Dimentional, Aural, Optic, Olfactory, Epithelial, and Tactile Art Forms. Primary Information, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Olfactory epithelium"

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Pavelka, Margit, and Jürgen Roth. "Olfactory Epithelium." In Functional Ultrastructure, 236–37. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_122.

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Malnic, Bettina, and Lucia Armelin-Correa. "Neurogenesis in the Olfactory Epithelium." In Perspectives of Stem Cells, 35–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3375-8_3.

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Richter, Miranda, Kathryn Westendorf, and A. Jane Roskams. "Culturing Olfactory Ensheathing Cells from the Mouse Olfactory Epithelium." In Neural Stem Cells, 95–102. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-133-8_9.

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Sakashita, Hideo, Tetsuji Moriizumi, Yasuyuki Kimura, and Mitsuru Furukawa. "Development of the Rat Olfactory Epithelium." In Olfaction and Taste XI, 52. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68355-1_21.

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Zhang, Qian, and Qingjun Liu. "Smell Sensors Based on Olfactory Epithelium." In Bioinspired Smell and Taste Sensors, 61–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7333-1_4.

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Mackay-Sim, Alan, James St John, and James E. Schwob. "Neurogenesis in the Adult Olfactory Epithelium." In Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation, 133–56. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118971758.ch7.

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Breunig, Esther, Dirk Czesnik, Fabiana Piscitelli, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Ivan Manzini, and Detlev Schild. "Endocannabinoid Modulation in the Olfactory Epithelium." In Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, 139–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14426-4_11.

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Gomez, George. "Primary Cultures of Olfactory Neurons from the Avian Olfactory Epithelium." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 197–207. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8600-2_19.

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Breipohl, W., A. Mackay-Sim, D. Grandt, B. Rehn, and C. Darrelmann. "Neurogenesis in the Vertebrate Main Olfactory Epithelium." In Ontogeny of Olfaction, 21–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71576-1_2.

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Farbman, A. I., and B. Ph M. Menco. "Development of Olfactory Epithelium in the Rat." In Ontogeny of Olfaction, 45–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71576-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Olfactory epithelium"

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Liu, Qingjun, Ning Hu, Weiwei Ye, Fenni Zhang, Hua Wang, Ping Wang, and Perena Gouma. "Odors Discrimination by Olfactory Epithelium Biosensor." In OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3626370.

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Garzotto, D., S. De Marchis, and Elisabetta Borsella. "Quantum Dot Distribution in the Olfactory Epithelium After Nasal Delivery." In BONSAI PROJECT SYMPOSIUM: BREAKTHROUGHS IN NANOPARTICLES FOR BIO-IMAGING. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3505059.

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Morina, Irina, Elena Mikhailova, and Irina Romanova. "OREXIN-IMMUNOPOSITIVE CELLS AS A RECEPTOR LINK OF OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM IN RAT EMBRYONS." In XVII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2238.sudak.ns2021-17/267.

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Klimenkov, Igor, Nikolai Sudakov, Mikhail Pastukhov, Mikhail Svinov, and Nikolai Kositsyn. "QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF STIMULUSDEPENDENT APOPTOSIS AND PROLIFERATION OF CELLS IN THE OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM IN FISH." In XIV International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m186.sudak.ns2018-14/249-250.

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Şahin Özbek, Elvan. "Does the cigarette smoke exposure lead to histopathological alterations in olfactory epithelium? An electron microscopic study on a rat model." In 15th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. Istanbul: LookUs Scientific, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/2017ichc.pp-151.

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Weidinger, D., J. Jacobsen, K. Jamal Jameel, D. Alisch, H. Uebner, J. Kronsbein, M. Peters, S. Reuter, H. Hatt, and J. Knobloch. "Olfactory Receptors Reduce Inflammation of Lung Epithelial Cells." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.2229.

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"Effect of divalent cations on the uptake of Mn3O4 nanoparticles by olfactory epithelial cells." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-391.

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Esteves, Filipa, Joana Madureira, João Paulo Teixeira, and Solange Costa. "Assessment of Potential Health Risks of Portuguese Wildland Firefighters’ Occupational Exposure: Biomonitoring Approach." In 4th Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health. FEUP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-279-8_0031-0036.

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Abstract:
Introduction:Worldwide, forest fires are among the most common forms of natural disasters. In the closing years of the last century there was an increase of the burned area in some parts of the globe, including in Europe. Portugal has been particularly affected by large forest fires and megafires, which have been occurred mainly in the central and northern regions. The proximity of firefighters to fire exposes them to high levels of toxic compounds making this occupation one of the most dangerous and leading International Agency for Research on Cancer to classified occupational firefighting activity as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Up to date, the existing studies are mainly focused on environmental monitoring, existing limited information regarding biomonitoring assessments during real scenarios of wildland fires combat. This study aims to evaluate the impact of firefighting occupational exposure at molecular and cellular levels, considering personal exposure levels. Early-effect biomarkers (e.g., micronucleus, DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage) will be analyzed in order to understand the mechanisms of action through which woodsmoke may impact firefighters’ health, including the risk of cancer. Methodology:This ongoing prospective longitudinal study will comprise three different stages, specifically pre-exposure, exposure, and post-exposure to fire season. Around 200 wildland northern Portuguese firefighters will be involved in this study. Characterization of the study population will be conducted via questionnaires. Firefighters’ personal exposurelevels will be assessed by means of metabolites in exhaled breath, using an artificial olfactory system (e-nose technology). Buccal and urine samples will be used to measure genomic instability through micronucleus test in buccal epithelial cells and urothelial cells. DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage will be evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes using the comet assay. Statistical analysis will be performed to determine the relationship between personal exposure levels to toxic compounds and the early-effect biomarkers over the three different phases of the study. Expected results: The obtained results will support a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of occupational risks among wildland firefighters, crucial to prevent/reduce the associated health impacts. This work will contribute tothe establishment of recommendations/good practices to improve firefighters’ working conditions, allowing better definitions of policies and prevention strategies highly needed in this sector.
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