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Journal articles on the topic 'Olfactory ensheathing cells'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Lu, Jike, and Ken Ashwell. "Olfactory Ensheathing Cells." Spine 27, no. 8 (April 2002): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200204150-00021.

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2

Grosu-Bularda, Andreea, Claudiu Manea, and Ioan Lascar. "The role of olfactory ensheating cells in regenerative medicine: review of the literature." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 5, no. 18 (June 1, 2015): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjr-2015-0008.

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Abstract Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) join olfactory axons in their entrance to the central nervous system, representing a unique population of glial cells with functions in olfactory neurogenesis, axonal growth and olfactory bulb formation. Olfactory ensheathing cells have a great potential to induce repair for neural injuries, in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, existing numerous experimental and clinical studies lately, reporting beneficial effects in anatomical and functional recovery. Studies are also conducted in order to establish possible pro-regenerative effects of the OECs, their potential in tissue repair and ability to modulate the immune system. The aim of this paper was to review the properties of olfactory ensheathing cells and their potential therapeutic role in regenerative medicine.
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3

Stepanova, O. V., E. K. Karsuntseva, G. A. Fursa, A. V. Chadin, M. P. Valikhov, A. P. Semkina, I. V. Reshetov, and V. P. Chekhonin. "OBTAINING OF CELLULAR PREPARATIONS OF RAT AND HUMAN OLFACTORY MUCOSA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE SIZE OF MODELED SPINAL CORD CYSTALS." http://eng.biomos.ru/conference/articles.htm 1, no. 19 (2021): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37747/2312-640x-2021-19-75-77.

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Enriched cultures of olfactory ensheathing cells and neural stem/progenitor cells were obtained according to our developed protocols from the olfactory mucosa of rat and human. It has been shown that only transplantation of human and rat olfactory ensheathing cells leads to a significant decrease in the size of cysts, as well as their complete disappearance in some animals.
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4

Meng, Lu, Dong Jun, He Xijing, Cheng Zhijian, Li Jin, and Xu Junkui. "Purification of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells." American Journal of Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration 5, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/ajnn.2013.1066.

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5

Ogino-Nishimura, Eriko, Takayuki Nakagawa, Yoshiki Mikami, and Juichi Ito. "Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Tumor Arising from the Olfactory Mucosa." Case Reports in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/426853.

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We report a rare case of olfactory ensheathing cell tumor. A female presented a large soft mass extending medially to the olfactory cleft and laterally to the middle meatus in the left nasal cavity. Imaging studies confirmed a cystic mass extending superiorly into the frontal lobe, indicating that the tumor arouse from the olfactory mucosa. A subtotal resection was achieved through an endoscopic endonasal approach without operative complications. Immunohistochemically constituent cells were diffusely positive for S-100 protein, but olfactory ensheathing cell tumor was diagnosed by negative staining for Leu7 (CD57). This case indicates that olfactory ensheathing cell tumor should be included in differential diagnoses for the olfactory cleft tumors.
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6

Radtke, Christine, Masanori Sasaki, Karen L. Lankford, Vittorio Gallo, and Jeffery D. Kocsis. "CNPase Expression in Olfactory Ensheathing Cells." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/608496.

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A large body of work supports the proposal that transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) into nerve or spinal cord injuries can promote axonal regeneration and remyelination. Yet, some investigators have questioned whether the transplanted OECs associate with axons and form peripheral myelin, or if they recruit endogenous Schwann cells that form myelin. Olfactory bulbs from transgenic mice expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the 2-3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) promoter were studied. CNPase is expressed in myelin-forming cells throughout their lineage. We examined CNPase expression in both in situ in the olfactory bulb andin vitroto determine if OECs express CNPase commensurate with their myelination potential. eGFP was observed in the outer nerve layer of the olfactory bulb. Dissociated OECs maintained in culture had both intense eGFP expression and CNPase immunostaining. Transplantation of OECs into transected peripheral nerve longitudinally associated with the regenerated axons. These data indicate that OECs in the outer nerve layer of the olfactory bulb of CNPase transgenic mice express CNPase. Thus, while OECs do not normally form myelin on olfactory nerve axons, their expression of CNPase is commensurate with their potential to form myelin when transplanted into injured peripheral nerve.
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7

Huang, Hongyun. "Why is olfactory neuroepithelium?" Journal of Neurorestoratology 9, no. 4 (2021): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26599/jnr.2021.9040026.

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Currently, most cellular therapeutic effects for nervous diseases cannot be proven in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-control clinical trials, except for a few kinds of cells such as olfactory ensheathing cells. These cells show significant improvements in functional recovery and quality of life for patients with chronic ischemic stroke. Also, olfactory neuron transplantation has promising neurorestorative effects on patients with vascular dementia. Human olfactory neuroepithelium can spontaneously and sustainably regenerate or produce new olfactory neurons and glial cell types for decades or a lifetime. The neurorestorative mechanisms of olfactory ensheathing cells are well known; however, little is known about the neurorestorative mechanisms of olfactory neurons. Therefore, I hypothesize that the neurorestorative mechanisms of olfactory neurons after transplantation: (1) can well migrate where they are needed and become local functional neurons, as they need to compensate or replace; (2) must be regulated by some special molecular factors to elongate their axons, modulate or direct synapses to correctly recognize and connect the target cells, and integrate functions. Based on olfactory neuroepithelium cells displaying the special characterization, neurorestorative mechanisms, clinical therapeutic achievements, and hypotheses of effective mechanisms, they (olfactory ensheathing cells and olfactory neurons) may be the most efficient instruments of neurorestoration.
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8

Gauthier, P., J. C. Stamegna, P. Rega, V. Rossi, M. S. Felix, J. Roux-Peyronnet, F. Feron, and V. Matarazzo. "Spinal repair and olfactory ensheathing cells." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 54 (October 2011): e291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2011.07.178.

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9

Franklin, Robin J. M., and Susan C. Barnett. "Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and CNS Regeneration." Neuron 28, no. 1 (October 2000): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00080-5.

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10

Marçal, Helder, Maria Sarris, Mark J. Raftery, Vishal Bhasin, Clive McFarland, and Stephen M. Mahler. "Expression proteomics of olfactory ensheathing cells." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 83, no. 4 (2008): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1900.

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11

Franklin, Robin J. M. "Remyelination by transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells." Anatomical Record 271B, no. 1 (February 27, 2003): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.b.10013.

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12

Yao, R., M. Murtaza, J. Tello Velasquez, M. Todorovic, A. Rayfield, J. Ekberg, M. Barton, and J. St John. "Olfactory Ensheathing Cells for Spinal Cord Injury." Cell Transplantation 27, no. 6 (June 2018): 879–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689718779353.

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Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are glia reported to sustain the continuous axon extension and successful topographic targeting of the olfactory receptor neurons responsible for the sense of smell (olfaction). Due to this distinctive property, OECs have been trialed in human cell transplant therapies to assist in the repair of central nervous system injuries, particularly those of the spinal cord. Though many studies have reported neurological improvement, the therapy remains inconsistent and requires further improvement. Much of this variability stems from differing olfactory cell populations prior to transplantation into the injury site. While some studies have used purified cells, others have used unpurified transplants. Although both preparations have merits and faults, the latter increases the variability between transplants received by recipients. Without a robust purification procedure in OEC transplantation therapies, the full potential of OECs for spinal cord injury may not be realised.
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13

Hegg, Colleen C., Edmund Au, A. Jane Roskams, and Mary T. Lucero. "PACAP Is Present in the Olfactory System and Evokes Calcium Transients in Olfactory Receptor Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 4 (October 2003): 2711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00288.2003.

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), a neuroregulatory peptide, is found in germinative regions of the CNS, including the olfactory bulb, throughout adulthood. We show that 1) PACAP immunoreactivity is also present in the neonatal mouse and adult mouse and rat olfactory epithelium, 2) PACAP expression pattern differs between neonatal and adult mice, and 3) PACAP is produced by olfactory ensheathing cells. PACAP may thus be a key factor in the uniquely supportive role of olfactory ensheathing cells in regeneration of neurons from olfactory epithelium and lesioned spinal cord. Using calcium imaging, we demonstrated physiological responses to PACAP in both neonatal and adult olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). We propose that PACAP plays an important role in normal turnover of ORNs by providing neurotrophic support during development and regeneration and neuroprotective support of mature neurons.
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14

Fursa, G. A., E. K. Karsuntseva, A. D. Voronova, A. V. Chadin, S. S. Andretsova, A. S. Semkina, V. S. Shishkina, I. V. Reshetov, and V. P. Chekhonin. "PARTICIPATION OF HUMAN OLFACTORY ENSHEATHING CELLS IN NEUROREGENERATION PROCESSES IN EXPERIMENTAL SPINAL CORD INJURIES." BIOTECHNOLOGY: STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES 1, no. 2022-20 (2022): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37747/2312-640x-2022-20-66-67.

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The experimental post-traumatic spinal cord cysts were modeled. The efficiency of transplantation of the human olfactory ensheathing cells into cysts to restore the motor activity of the hind limbs of rats was shown. Survival and migration of ensheathing cells in vivo, their participation in the remyelination were shown.
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15

Pellitteri, Rosalia. "Biomarkers expression in rat olfactory ensheathing cells." Frontiers in Bioscience S2, no. 1 (2010): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/s64.

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16

Mackay-Sim, Alan. "Olfactory ensheathing cells and spinal cord repair." Keio Journal of Medicine 54, no. 1 (2005): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2302/kjm.54.8.

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17

Barnett, Susan C. "Olfactory Ensheathing Cells: Unique Glial Cell Types?" Journal of Neurotrauma 21, no. 4 (April 2004): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/089771504323004520.

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18

Li, Manyi, Qiubei Zhu, and Jisheng Liu. "Olfactory ensheathing cells in facial nerve regeneration." Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 86, no. 5 (September 2020): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.07.006.

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19

Barnett, Susan C., Anne-Marie Hutchins, and Mark Noble. "Purification of Olfactory Nerve Ensheathing Cells from the Olfactory Bulb." Developmental Biology 155, no. 2 (February 1993): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1993.1033.

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20

Savchenko, E. A., N. A. Andreeva, T. B. Dmitrieva, I. V. Viktorov, and V.P.Chekhonin. "Culturing of Specialized Glial Cells (Olfactory Ensheathing Cells) of Human Olfactory Epithelium." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 139, no. 4 (April 2005): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-005-0332-0.

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21

Bartolomei, Juan C., and Charles A. Greer. "Olfactory Ensheathing Cells: Bridging the Gap in Spinal Cord Injury." Neurosurgery 47, no. 5 (November 1, 2000): 1057–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200011000-00006.

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Abstract SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI) continues to be an insidious and challenging problem for scientists and clinicians. Recent neuroscientific advances have changed the pessimistic notion that axons are not capable of significant extension after transection. The challenges of recovering from SCI have been broadly divided into four areas: 1) cell survival; 2) axon regeneration (growth); 3) correct targeting by growing axons; and 4) establishment of correct and functional synaptic appositions. After acute SCI, there seems to be a therapeutic window of opportunity within which the devastating consequences of the secondary injury can be ameliorated. This is supported by several observations in which apoptotic glial cells have been identified up to 1 week after acute SCI. Moreover, autopsy studies have identified anatomically preserved but unmyelinated axons that could potentially subserve normal physiological properties. These observations suggest that therapeutic strategies after SCI can be directed into two broad modalities: 1) prevention or amelioration of the secondary injury, and 2) restorative or regenerative interventions. Intraspinal transplants have been used after SCI as a means for restoring the severed neuraxis. Fetal cell transplants and, more recently, progenitor cells have been used to restore intraspinal circuitry or to serve as relay for damaged axons. In an attempt to remyelinate anatomically preserved but physiologically disrupted axons, newer therapeutic interventions have incorporated the transplantation of myelinating cells, such as Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, and olfactory ensheathing cells. Of these cells, the olfactory ensheathing cells have become a more favorable candidate for extensive remyelination and axonal regeneration. Olfactory ensheathing cells are found along the full length of the olfactory nerve, from the basal lamina of the epithelium to the olfactory bulb, crossing the peripheral nervous system-central nervous system junction. In vitro, these cells promote robust axonal growth, in part through cell adhesion molecules and possibly by secretion of neurotrophic growth factors that support axonal elongation and extension. In animal models of SCI, transplantation of ensheathing cells supports axonal remyelination and extensive migration throughout the length of the spinal cord. Although the specific properties of these cells that govern enhanced axon regeneration remain to be elucidated, it seems certain that they will contribute to the establishment of new horizons in SCI research.
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22

Ayala-Grosso, Carlos, Rosalinda Pieruzzini, Leslie Vargas-Saturno, and José E. Cardier. "Human olfactory mesenchymal stromal cells co-expressing horizontal basal and ensheathing cell proteins in culture." Biomédica 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.4762.

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Introduction: The olfactory neuro-epithelium has an intrinsic capability of renewal during lifetime provided by the existence of globose and horizontal olfactory precursor cells. Additionally, mesenchymal stromal olfactory cells also support the homeostasis of the olfactory mucosa cell population. Under in vitro culture conditions with Dulbecco modified eagle/F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, tissue biopsies from upper turbinate have generated an adherent population of cells expressing mainly mesenchymal stromal phenotypic markers. A closer examination of these cells has also found co-expression of olfactory precursors and ensheathing cell phenotypic markers. These results were suggestive of a unique property of olfactory mesenchymal stromal cells as potentially olfactory progenitor cells.Objective: To study whether the expression of these proteins in mesenchymal stromal cells is modulated upon neuronal differentiation.Materials and methods: We observed the phenotype of olfactory stromal cells under DMEM/F12 plus 10% fetal bovine serum in comparison to cells from spheres induced by serum-free medium plus growth factors inducers of neural progenitors.Results: The expression of mesenchymal stromal (CD29+, CD73+, CD90+, CD45-), horizontal basal (ICAM-1/CD54+, p63+, p75NGFr+), and ensheathing progenitor cell (nestin+, GFAP+) proteins was determined in the cultured population by flow cytometry. The determination of Oct 3/4, Sox-2, and Mash-1 transcription factors, as well as the neurotrophins BDNF, NT3, and NT4 by RT-PCR in cells, was indicative of functional heterogeneity of the olfactory mucosa tissue sample. Conclusions: Mesenchymal and olfactory precursor proteins were downregulated by serum-free medium and promoted differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells into neurons and astroglial cells.
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23

Kim, Boo-Young, JuYeon Park, EuiJin Kim, and ByungGuk Kim. "Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Mediate Neuroplastic Mechanisms After Olfactory Training in Mouse Model." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 34, no. 2 (November 2, 2019): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892419885036.

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Background Several studies have reported beneficial effects of olfactory training (OT) on the olfactory nervous system. However, the mechanisms underlying the regeneration of the olfactory system induced by OT are still under investigation. Objectives To determine the key mechanisms involved in the olfactory system recovery and to assess the neuroplastic effects of OT. Methods Thirty healthy female C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to 4 groups: control, n = 6; anosmia (no treatment), n = 8; OT, n = 8; and steroid treatment; n = 8. Except for the control group, mice were administered 3-methylindole. Anosmia was assessed using a food-finding test (FFT). The olfactory neuroepithelium was for histological examinations, gene ontology with pathway analyses, RNA, and protein studies. Results FFT was significantly reduced at 3 weeks in the OT mice versus steroids (78.27 s vs 156.83 s, P < .008) and controls (78.27 s vs 13.14 s, P < .003), although final outcome in the FFT was similar in these groups. Expression of olfactory and neurogenesis marker was higher in the olfactory neuroepithelium of the OT group than in the anosmia group without treatment. The mechanisms underlying olfactory regeneration might be related to early olfactory receptor stimulation, followed by neurotrophic factor stimulation of neuronal plasticity. Conclusion OT can improve olfactory function and accelerate olfactory recovery. The mechanisms underlying olfactory regeneration might be related to an initial stimulation of olfactory receptors followed by neurogenesis. Olfactory ensheathing cells might play an important role in olfactory regeneration following OT, based on the observed changes in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression, as well as the findings of the gene analysis.
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24

Kafitz, Karl W., and Charles A. Greer. "Olfactory ensheathing cells promote neurite extension from embryonic olfactory receptor cells in vitro." Glia 25, no. 2 (January 15, 1999): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(19990115)25:2<99::aid-glia1>3.0.co;2-v.

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25

CHEN, Jing-jing, Yi-min YUAN, and Zhi-da SU. "Olfactory ensheathing cells: cellular biology and molecular properties." Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University 31, no. 3 (April 27, 2011): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1008.2011.00323.

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26

Lazzari, Maurizio, Simone Bettini, and Valeria Franceschini. "Immunocytochemical characterisation of olfactory ensheathing cells of zebrafish." Journal of Anatomy 224, no. 2 (October 24, 2013): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12129.

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27

Yang, H. F., M. Zhou, J. K. Di, E. L. Zhao, and A. H. Gong. "Femtosecond laser surgery of olfactory ensheathing cells protuberance." Laser Physics 19, no. 3 (March 2009): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x09030207.

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28

Raisman, Geoffrey, and Ying Li. "Repair of neural pathways by olfactory ensheathing cells." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 8, no. 4 (April 2007): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn2099.

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29

Verdú, Enrique, Xavier Navarro, Graciela Gudiño-Cabrera, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Dolores Ceballos, Antoni Valero, and Manuel Nieto-Sampedro. "Olfactory bulb ensheathing cells enhance peripheral nerve regeneration." NeuroReport 10, no. 5 (April 1999): 1097–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199904060-00035.

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30

Ibrahim, Ahmed, Ying Li, Daqing Li, Geoffrey Raisman, and Wagih S. El Masry. "Olfactory ensheathing cells: ripples of an incoming tide?" Lancet Neurology 5, no. 5 (May 2006): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70444-6.

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31

Keyvan-Fouladi, N., Y. Li, and G. Raisman. "How do transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells restore function?" Brain Research Reviews 40, no. 1-3 (October 2002): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00215-1.

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Lazzari, Maurizio, Simone Bettini, and Valeria Franceschini. "Immunocytochemical characterization of olfactory ensheathing cells in fish." Brain Structure and Function 218, no. 2 (April 18, 2012): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-012-0414-5.

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33

Vincent, Adele J., Adrian K. West, and Meng Inn Chuah. "Morphological and functional plasticity of olfactory ensheathing cells." Journal of Neurocytology 34, no. 1-2 (March 2005): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11068-005-5048-6.

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34

Wernig, Anton, Sabine Wernig, Mamede de Carvlho, and Arminda Lopes. "Olfactory Ensheathing Cells for Human Spinal Cord Injury." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 24, no. 8 (October 2010): 770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968310378512.

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35

Debon, R., and R. Doucette. "Olfactory ensheathing cells myelinate dorsal root ganglion neurites." Brain Research 589, no. 1 (August 1992): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(92)91182-e.

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36

Boyd, J. G., V. Skihar, M. Kawaja, and R. Doucette. "Olfactory ensheathing cells: Historical perspective and therapeutic potential." Anatomical Record 271B, no. 1 (February 27, 2003): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.b.10011.

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37

Panni, P., I. A. Ferguson, I. Beacham, A. Mackay-Sim, J. A. K. Ekberg, and J. A. St John. "Phagocytosis of bacteria by olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells." Neuroscience Letters 539 (February 2013): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2013.01.052.

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38

Guérout, Nicolas, Céline Derambure, Laurent Drouot, Nicolas Bon-Mardion, Célia Duclos, Olivier Boyer, and Jean-Paul Marie. "Comparative gene expression profiling of olfactory ensheathing cells from olfactory bulb and olfactory mucosa." Glia 58, no. 13 (June 14, 2010): 1570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.21030.

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39

Shen, Yi Xin, Peng Wu, Zhi Hai Fan, Feng Zhang, Zheng Feng Lu, Qi Rong Dong, and Huan Xiang Zhang. "Growth of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells on Silk Fibroin Nanofibers." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.230.

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Objective: To evaluate the growth of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) on the silk fibroin (SF) nanofibers scaffold. Methods: The purified OECs were cultured with poly-L-lysine (control group) and 1200 nm SF nanofibers (experimental group). The morphological features and growth characteristics of which were analyzed by phase contrast microscopy. Nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) p75 were applied to identify OECs by immunostaining. SEM was used to observe the adherence and spreading of OECs on different substrates. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation activity of OECs both on the control and experimental scaffolds. Results: The isolated OECs reached confluence after 4-5 days of culture, which were stained for antibody NGFRp75(+). The morphology of OECs on the 1200 nm SF nanofibers was similar to that on the control group. The SEM clearly revealed the close interaction between the OECs and the nanofbers. The OECs on SF nanofibers still maintain its original characteristic phenotypes. The MTT showed that the most obvious proliferation was reached over 10 days. The differences of OD values between 1200 nm SF and PLL were significant at day 5, 7 (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference at day 10. Conclusion: SF nanofibers scaffold could support the growth of OECs, and may be a promising tissue-engineered scaffold for the repair of SCI.
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40

Ruitenberg, Marc J., Jana Vukovic, Julijana Sarich, Samantha J. Busfield, and Giles W. Plant. "Olfactory Ensheathing Cells: Characteristics, Genetic Engineering, and Therapeutic Potential." Journal of Neurotrauma 23, no. 3-4 (April 2006): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2006.23.468.

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41

Su, Zhida, and Cheng He. "Olfactory ensheathing cells: Biology in neural development and regeneration." Progress in Neurobiology 92, no. 4 (December 2010): 517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.08.008.

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42

Xia, Chen-Yi, Can-Xing Yuan, and Chong-Gang Yuan. "Galanin inhibits the proliferation of glial olfactory ensheathing cells." Neuropeptides 39, no. 5 (October 2005): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2005.07.004.

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43

Teare, Katrina A., Richard G. Pearson, Kevin M. Shakesheff, Geoff Raisman, and John W. Haycock. "α-MSH inhibits inflammatory signalling in olfactory ensheathing cells." NeuroReport 14, no. 17 (December 2003): 2171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200312020-00008.

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44

Kachramanoglou, Carolina, Stuart Law, Peter Andrews, Daqing Li, and David Choi. "Culture of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells for Central Nerve Repair." Neurosurgery 72, no. 2 (February 2013): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31827b99be.

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45

Chuah, M. I., and C. Au. "Cultures of ensheathing cells from neonatal rat olfactory bulbs." Brain Research 601, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)91713-3.

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46

Chiu, Shao-Chih, Huey-Shan Hung, Shinn-Zong Lin, Esheral Chiang, and Demeral David Liu. "Therapeutic potential of olfactory ensheathing cells in neurodegenerative diseases." Journal of Molecular Medicine 87, no. 12 (September 10, 2009): 1179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-009-0528-2.

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47

Harris, Julie A., Adrian K. West, and Meng Inn Chuah. "Olfactory ensheathing cells: Nitric oxide production and innate immunity." Glia 57, no. 16 (December 2009): 1848–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.20899.

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48

Voronova, A. D., A. V. Chadin, G. A. Fursa, E. K. Karsuntseva, M. P. Valikhov, A. S. Semkina, I. V. Reshetov, and V. P. Chekhonin. "APPLICATION OF NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS BDNF AND NT-3 IN CELL THERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL POSTTRAUMATIC SPINAL CORD CYSTS." http://eng.biomos.ru/conference/articles.htm 1, no. 19 (2021): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37747/2312-640x-2021-19-95-96.

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The experimental post-traumatic spinal cord cysts were modeled. It has been shown that NT-3 enhances the effectiveness of the use of human olfactory ensheathing cells in the treatment of experimental spinal cord cysts.
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49

Shiri, Sabah, Naser Abbasi, Kamal Alizadeh, and Elahe Karimi. "Novel and green synthesis of a nanopolymer and its use as a drug delivery system of silibinin and silymarin extracts in the olfactory ensheathing cells of rats in normal and high-glucose conditions." RSC Advances 9, no. 67 (2019): 38912–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05608d.

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A schematic of a new synthesized nanopolymer (CGONP) and its use as a drug delivery system of silibinin and silymarin extract in the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) of rats in normal and high-glucose conditions.
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Wang, Li-Bin, He-Chun Xia, Yuan-Xiang Lan, Ping Yang, Zhong Zeng, Neeraj Yadav, and Li-Jian Zhang. "Gene and protein expression profiles of olfactory ensheathing cells from olfactory bulb versus olfactory mucosa." Neural Regeneration Research 17, no. 2 (2022): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.317986.

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