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Academic literature on the topic 'Oléfines légères'
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Journal articles on the topic "Oléfines légères"
Barrault, J. "Hydrocondensation sélective du monoxyde de carbone en oléfines légères." Journal de Chimie Physique 83 (1986): 443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1986830443.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Oléfines légères"
Barrios, Medina Alan Josue. "Synthèse Directe d'Oléfines Légères par des Réactions d'Hydrogénation du CO et du CO2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CLIL0030.
Full textCO and CO2 Hydrogenation are an attractive way to convert non-petroleum and renewable feedstocks such as biomass, plastic and organic waste into fuels and chemicals. Activity, selectivity to light olefins and stability are major challenges of these reactions over Fe catalysts. In this thesis, we synthesized different iron-based catalysts for both CO and CO2 hydrogenation in order to get highly selective, active and stable catalysts. For CO hydrogenation SiO2 was used as support while for CO2 hydrogenation reaction ZrO2 supported catalysts presented the most encouraging results. We relied on High Throughput Experimentation (HTE) to identify among 27 promoters the most efficient ones for FT synthesis at the same time that different selectivity trends were evaluated. HTE tests allowed us to clearly identify Sn, Sb, Bi and Pb as the most promising promoters in order to obtain Fe catalysts with higher activity in FT synthesis. Then, we focused on studying the strong promoting effects of Sb and Sn on the catalytic performance of SiO2 supported iron Fischer Tropsch catalysts using a combination of advanced and in-situ techniques. TEM in the activated FeSn/SiO2 catalyst showed highly dispersed Sn nanoparticles on the silica support. On the other hand, activated FeSb/SiO2 catalyst showed a core-shell morphology. Additionally, smaller amount of carbon deposition detected is crucial for better stability of the Sn- and Sb-promoted catalysts in FT reaction. Finally, we focused on the identification of efficient promoters for ZrO2 supported iron catalysts in CO2 hydrogenation reaction. We observed the most pronounced increase in the reaction rate for the K and Cs promoted catalysts. HTE clearly showed that the presence of K was essential to achieve higher light olefin selectivity. Additionally, Mo, Cu, Cs, Ce and Ga were identified as possible promoters to further increase the selectivity of CO2 hydrogenation to this fraction. The work performed during this thesis allowed to design new catalysts for CO and CO2 hydrogenation reaction that could be easily implemented at industrial level. Catalysts studied for both reactions showed improvement three key aspects: activity, selectivity, and stability
Aïssiou, Samy Mohamed. "Well-defined, nickel-based oligomerization catalysts obtained by surface organometallic chemistry." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2024/2024ULILR027.pdf.
Full textThe discovery of new processes for the production of light olefins from biomass or CO2, have driven a renewed interest on their oligomerization for the production of sustainable chemicals. Among those chemicals are C8-C16 hydrocarbons for aviation fuel, which is today mainly derived from petroleum. On its own, air transportation is responsible for 3 % of global carbon emissions according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, making this sustainable alternative highly attractive. Efficient homogeneous processes based on the chemistry of nickel for the conversion of light olefins (such as ethylene) into a variety of important chemicals have existed for decades. Heterogeneous nickel-based processes, however, still struggle to be implemented in the same way into industrial processes despite a great potential for operational, financial, and environmental advantages.The aim of this thesis, enabled by the Horizon 2020 project TAKE-OFF, is to design new efficient nickel-based heterogeneous oligomerization catalysts for the production of jet fuel from light olefins (ethylene and propylene) synthesized from CO2 and H2 in a distinct part of the project. In order to bring new information after decades of research into classical ill-defined heterogenous nickel catalysts, the approach of surface organometallic chemistry was chosen. By combining well-defined supports and organometallic precursors, this immobilization method has permitted to reach single-site, well-defined heterogenous catalysts on many instances. This knowledge of the grafted material allows to study with precision the relationship between the structure of the surface organometallic fragments and their catalytic properties.In this project, two types of nickel surface complexes have been synthesized and characterized. A new addition to the family of nickel allyl supported complex has been synthesized and characterized using a stable precursor, which had not been described in the open literature. The thermal stability of the precursor coupled to the soft grafting conditions allowed by the volatility of this precursor allows to easily access well-defined surface allyl species without side decomposition reactions leading to nickel particles. The second type of complexes that have been designed and fully characterized, are a family of supported nickel alkyl complexes, bearing monodentate or bidentate ligands. Using elemental analysis, mass balance analysis, and multinuclear solid state NMR spectroscopy, the mode of grafting for both types of complexes has been identified as being exclusively protonolysis on pure silica. This knowledge was then transferred to silica-alumina with different silica:alumina ratios, which are highly relevant supports in olefin oligomerization. It was found that using the information gathered on silica, it is possible to hypothesize the likely structure of the nickel sites on a mixed oxide.These two complexes were then evaluated in the oligomerization of ethylene in various conditions to assess their performances. Uniquely high activities were obtained in ethylene dimerization and trimerization in a batch reactor in heptane, attesting for the efficiency of surface organometallic chemistry applied to nickel. Ongoing experiments are performed using a fixed bed reactor, with ethylene and propylene as feedstock, in order to evaluate the selectivity and stability of these catalysts in a continuous setting at high pressure
Fellenberg, Ana Katiuce. "Nanoconfinement pour la synthèse de molécules plateforme à partir des oxydes de carbone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR069.
Full textEnergy and environmental impacts drove the industrial processes. A sustainable route to produce fuels starts using biomass as raw material. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a promising alternative way for conversion of renewable feedstocks to chemicals and fuels. Even FT synthesis is considered a well-established technology, there are chemistry fundamentals to be better and deeply understood. Besides, the FT process depends strongly on the catalyst performance. The utilization and transformation of CO2 into value-added chemicals have been of global interest, from both theoretical and practical viewpoints. One example of CO2 conversion to a useful liquid hydrocarbon is hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid (HCOOH). The state-of-the-art hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid is produced over homogeneous catalysts. However, there are a few works showing that highly dispersed supported metal catalysts are able to carry out this reaction. The high activity of these catalysts could be assigned to their ability to stabilize the active metal in a state of single-metal atoms or heterogenized metal complexes, which may demonstrate a higher activity than metal atoms on the surface of metal nanoparticles.In this work we have considered two different confined spaces of carbon-based materials, CNTs and COFs, and evaluated the nanoconfinement of iron, copper and ruthenium active species for CO and CO2 hydrogenation reactions to produce value-added chemicals and platform molecules.In the iron catalysts for FT synthesis supported by carbon nanotubes, the active phase was nanoconfined inside the channels or localized on the outer surface. In most of previous work, the distribution of metal nanoparticles inside or outside carbon nanotubes is considered to be immobile during the catalyst activation or catalytic reaction. In this work, we uncovered remarkable mobility of both iron and copper species in the bimetallic catalysts between inner carbon nanotube channels and outer surface, which occurs in carbon monoxide and syngas, while almost no migration of iron species proceeds in the monometallic catalysts. This mobility is enhanced by noticeable fragility and defects in carbon nanotubes, which appear on their impregnation with the acid solutions of metal precursors and precursor decomposition. Remarkable mobility of iron and copper species in bimetallic catalysts affects the genesis of iron active sites, and enhances interaction of iron with the promoter. In the bimetallic iron-copper catalysts, the major increase in the activity was attributed to higher reaction turnover frequency over iron surface sites located in a close proximity with copper.For CO2 hydrgentaion to formic acid, we propose a strategy based on COF materials with different structures and chemical compositions for mediation of ruthenium dispersion and design of efficient catalysts for low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid. Operando characterization combined with catalytic tests revealed that the density of nitrogen functional groups in the COF matrix was the key factor affecting the dispersion and performance of COF-supported ruthenium catalysts. The catalyst performance primarily arises from ruthenium capability to persist as single atoms in specific sites and resist its reduction to the metallic state. The proposed strategy for mediating metal dispersion can be extended to develop a variety of COF-supported single-atom catalysts for different reactions
Corda, Massimo. "Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Insights into COx Hydrogenation to Methanol and Light Olefins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2024/2024ULILR037.pdf.
Full textThe increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 presents significant environmental challenges and emphasizes the urgency for sustainable chemical processes. One promising approach to address this issues is the catalytic conversion of CO2 into value-added chemicals, such as methanol and light olefins. This thesis focuses on the catalyst development for the methanol synthesis and the methanol-mediated light olefins synthesis from CO2. Moreover, the methanol-mediated CO hydrogenation to light olefins is also studied: CO can be considered as an alternative to CO2, as it can be produced by the Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction. The work reported in this thesis provides new insights into catalyst design for the COx hydrogenation to methanol or light olefins, suggesting new strategies to improve product selectivity. Additionally, the thesis advances the understanding of mechanistic aspects of these reactions. For the CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, the commercial CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst was promoted with halogens (Br, Cl, I), to improve selectivity to methanol. It was observed that Br allowed to improve the selectivity of 10 % compared to the pristine catalyst. A kinetic analysis showed that Br caused the suppression of the Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction and of the methanol decomposition reaction, both responsible of the parallel production of CO. For the methanol-mediated CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins, a series of bifunctional catalysts based on oxides of Zn, In, Mn, Cr, or Ga and different SAPO-34 zeolites were studied. The analysis of the selectivity-conversion correlations allowed to elucidate the functions of each catalyst component. It was uncovered that the selectivity to LO within hydrocarbon fractions depended ultimately on the zeolite component and decreased as a function of hydrocarbon yield. The metal-oxide catalyst component was responsible for the CO2 conversion, overall hydrocarbon and CO selectivity. The SAPO-34 morphology and acidity were identified as major descriptors of the CO-free LO selectivity in the CO2 hydrogenation over bifunctional catalysts. Finally, for the methanol-mediated synthesis of light olefins from syngas, this work studied the activity of a bifunctional catalyst composed by supported silver nanoparticles mixed with SAPO-34 zeolite. The resulting catalysts exhibited higher selectivity to light olefins compared to a conventional oxide-zeolite catalyst. It was observed that the reaction is structure-sensitive, and the silver particle size influences the selectivity to light olefins