Relevant bibliographies by topics / Older subject

Academic literature on the topic 'Older subject'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Older subject"

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Furman, Joseph M., and Mark S. Redfern. "Visual-vestibular interaction during OVAR in the elderly." Journal of Vestibular Research 11, no. 6 (September 28, 2002): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2002-11603.

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This study assessed visual-otolith interaction in healthy older humans and compared responses from older subjects to those of younger subjects. Using off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) to stimulate the otolith organs, eye movement responses, measured using electro-oculography, were recorded during rotation in the dark, rotation with an earth-fixed lighted visual surround, and rotation with a subject-fixed fixation target. Results indicated that older subjects, like young subjects, exhibit a modulation component that was as large during rotation with a lighted earth-fixed visual surround as that seen in the dark and a modulation component during rotation with a subject-fixed visual target that was incompletely suppressed. The modulation component was, in general, larger in the older subjects. This study confirms findings from a previous study of visual-otolith interaction in young subjects and suggests that older subjects, like young subjects, have difficulty visually suppressing the modulation component induced by off-vertical axis rotation.
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Liu, Xinmiao, Wenbin Wang, and Haiyan Wang. "Age differences in the effect of animacy on Mandarin sentence processing." PeerJ 7 (February 14, 2019): e6437. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6437.

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Animate nouns are preferred for grammatical subjects, whereas inanimate nouns are preferred for grammatical objects. Animacy provides important semantic cues for sentence comprehension. However, how individuals’ ability to use this animacy cue changes with advancing age is still not clear. The current study investigated whether older adults and younger adults were differentially sensitive to this semantic constraint in processing Mandarin relative clauses, using a self-paced reading paradigm. The sentences used in the study contained subject relative clauses or object relative clauses and had animate or inanimate subjects. The results indicate that the animacy manipulation affected the younger adults more than the older adults in online processing. Younger adults had longer reading times for all segments in subject relative clauses than in object relative clauses when the subjects were inanimate, whereas there was no significant difference in reading times between subject and object relative clauses when the subjects were animate. In the older group, animacy was not found to influence the processing difficulty of subject relative clauses and object relative clauses. Compared with younger adults, older adults were less sensitive to animacy constraints in relative clause processing. The findings indicate that the use of animacy cues became less efficient in the ageing population. The results can be explained by the capacity constrained comprehension theory, according to which older adults have greater difficulty in integrating semantic information with syntactic processing due to the lack of sufficient cognitive resources.
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Hunter, Sandra K. "Subject Characteristics Affect Fatigue Resistance in Older Adults." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (May 2008): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000321245.58668.8f.

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Marshall, Robert C., Claudia A. Morelli, Gina E. Calise, and David S. Phillips. "Retrieval of Famous Names on a Rebus Riddle Task by Middle-Aged and Older Subjects." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3_suppl (December 1997): 1492–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3f.1492.

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This study compared the performances of 20 middle-aged and 20 older subjects on a Rebus Riddle task that required they retrieve the names of famous persons. Older subjects solved significantly more riddles and responded to prompts designed to aid riddle-solving efforts with significantly greater success than middle-aged subjects. Older subjects also had nonsignificantly faster riddle-solving times than middle-aged subjects. Similar riddles were difficult or easy for both groups. Superior performance of the older group appeared to be related to the age of the subject at the time the persons in the riddles had become famous.
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DE HAAS, NYNKE, and ANS VAN KEMENADE. "The origin of the Northern Subject Rule: subject positions and verbal morphosyntax in older English." English Language and Linguistics 19, no. 1 (November 11, 2014): 49–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674314000306.

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This article presents new evidence for the early history of the Northern Subject Rule in the form of an exhaustive corpus study of plural present-tense indicative verb forms in Northern and Northern Midlands early Middle English, analysed in relation to their syntactic context, including subject type and subject–verb adjacency. We show that variation between -∅/e/n and -s endings was conditioned by both subject type and adjacency in a core area around Yorkshire, whereas in more peripheral areas, the adjacency condition was weaker and often absent.We present an analysis of these facts in relation to the presence of multiple subject positions in early English, which we show contra earlier literature to be relevant for Northern English as well, We view -∅/e/n endings as ‘true’ agreement, which in the relevant dialects is limited to contexts with pronominal subjects in a high subject position, Spec,AgrSP; other forms of agreement (-s or -th) represent default inflection occurring elsewhere. This analysis supports the hypothesis that the NSR arose when the extant morphological variation in Northern Old English was reanalysed as an effect of pre-existing multiple subject positions.
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Hashimoto, Tomomi, Yasuyuki Takakura, Toshimitsu Hamada, Toshiko Akazawa, and Mitsuru Yamamoto. "Development of Foot Gait Simulator for Presenting Environment to Each User." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 5 (July 20, 2011): 554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p0554.

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This article develops gait rehabilitation that presents the subject’s living environment in Virtual Reality (VR). This simulator is shaped similar to a walking frame and consists of a PC, a monitor, a Wii Balance Board of Wii Fit, a handle, and a cage. The subject steps on the Wii Balance Board tomove forward in VR and operates the handle left and right to turn around. Walking quickly on the Wii Balance Board, the subject moves quickly in VR, and walking slowly, moves slowly. In VR, an avatar in front of the subject enables the subject to operate the simulator to follow the avatar. As an example of living environment, a virtual town was made with roads, houses, nursing homes, traffic lights, trees, etc. Our system was tested by ten older subjects and 15 younger subjects from November 2009 to June 2010. Our system features a variable reference speed for each subject to move in VR, which realizes an appropriate amount of motion. In a low-difficulty gait task, all finished in almost the same walking time and enjoyed appropriate exercise. In a highly-difficult gait task, some older subjects had difficulty in gait training due to multiple attention requirements.
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Suneja, Anupam. "MEGESTROL ACETATE USE FOR ANOREXIA IN THE OLDER SUBJECT." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54, no. 1 (January 2006): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00575_4.x.

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Hanson, Trevor R., and Eric D. Hildebrand. "Are rural older drivers subject to low-mileage bias?" Accident Analysis & Prevention 43, no. 5 (September 2011): 1872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.04.028.

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Decker, Wayne H. "MANAGERIAL HUMOR AND SUBORDINATE SATISFACTION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1987.15.2.225.

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Humor may be a useful managerial tool, contributing to effectiveness and subordinate satisfaction. A survey explored 290 workers' job satisfaction and impressions of supervisors as a function of subject age, subject sex, supervisor sense of humor, and supervisor sexual humor. Subjects rating their supervisors high in sense of humor reported higher job satisfaction and rated other supervisor qualities higher than did subjects rating their supervisors low in sense of humor. In general, the differences between ratings, given low and high sense of humor supervisors, were greater for younger (under 15) subjects than older. Older females downgraded supervisors who used sexual humor, while younger females and males did not. Future research should attempt to relate humor to objective measures of leader effectiveness.
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Barsness, Sonya. "Older Adults as Virtual Subject Matter Experts in COVID Graduate Education." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2218.

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Abstract COVID-19 has further illuminated the need for educational approaches in gerontology that are person-centered and experiential. Ideally, this includes in-person experiences with students and older adults. Through their classroom participation as subject matter experts in aging, older adults share their personal experiences, and react to gerontological theories and ideas. Shared learning offers a platform for exploration of shared humanity, so that older adults are not seen as the “other”, but “us”. This prepares a generation of gerontologists to identify and reject ongoing ageism, again highlighted by the pandemic. COVID-19 has also challenged educators to offer these experiential opportunities. In this presentation we will outline how older adults from a Continuing Care Retirement Community participated virtually in a graduate course. We will discuss how their virtual involvement was structured, how their real-time COVID experiences were integrated, and share feedback from older adult participants and students on their shared learning experiences.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Older subject"

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Torres, Palma William Ignacio, and Galaz Mirta Margarita Flores. "Predictive factors of subject well-being in older people." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123824.

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This study assessed the effect of variables such as life satisfaction, self-rated health, social support and coping styles on subjective well-being. The level of subjective well-being was studied in a sample of Mexican elderly persons from the state of Yucatan in Merida (n = 122) with an age range of 60-93 years. The results in women show that coping styles predicts subjective well-being in negative affects. Moreover, self-perception of health, coping styles, and satisfaction with life are adequate predictors of the cognitive dimension of subjective well-being. Results in men show that satisfaction with life and coping styles predict the cognitive dimension of subjective well-being. Findings point to the importance of exploring psychosocial variables in older adults.
El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de las variables satisfacción con la vida, autopercepción de salud, apoyo social y estilos de enfrentamiento sobre el bienestar subjetivo. Se contó con una muestra de 122 adultos mayores mexicanos del Estado de Yucatán, en la ciudad de Mérida con un rango de edad de 60 a 93 años. Los resultados en mujeres muestran que los estilos de enfrentamiento son predictores del bienestar subjetivo en los afectos negativos. En cuanto a la dimensión cognitiva del bienestar subjetivo, la autopercepción de salud, los estilos de enfrentamiento y la satisfacción con la vida fueron predictores adecuados. En hombres, los resultados demuestran que la dimensión cognitiva del bienestar subjetivo fue predicha a partir de la satisfacción con la vida y los estilos de enfrentamiento. Los hallazgos muestran la importancia del profundizar y promover variables psicosociales en los adultos mayores.
Cette étude a évalué l’effet de la satisfaction de la vie, de l’auto-perception de la santé, du soutien social et des styles d’adaptation sur les variables de bien-être subjectif. Nous avons étudié le niveau de bien-être subjectif d’un échantillon de 122 Mexicains âgés de l’État du Yucatan, dans la ville de Mérida, âgés de 60 à 93 ans. Les résultats chez les femmes montrent que les styles d’adaptation sont des facteurs prédictifs du bien-être subjectif des affects négatifs, en termes de la dimension cognitive du bien-être subjectif, l’auto-perception de la santé, les styles de confrontation et de satisfaction avec la vie étaient des prédicteurs adéquats, tandis que chez les hommes, les résultats montrent que la dimension cognitive du bien-être subjectif est prévu de satisfaction de la vie et les styles d’adaptation. Les résultats montrent l’importance d’approfondir et de promouvoir les variables psychosociales chez les personnes âgées.
Este estudo avaliou o efeito de variáveis, satisfação com a vida, autopercepção de saúde, apoio social e estilos de coping no bem-estar subjetivo. o nível de bem-estar subjetivo foi estudado no estado de uma amostra de adultos mexicanos mais antiga do Yucatan em Merida (n = 122) com uma faixa etária de 60-93 anos. Os resultados em mulheres mais antiga mostram que os estilos de enfrentamento são preditores de bem-estar subjetivo em efeito negativo em termos da dimensão cognitiva do bem-estar de saúde subjetiva auto-avaliação, estilos e satisfação com a vida de enfrentamento foram preditores adequados em homens mais antiga resultados mostram que a dimensão cognitiva do bem-estar subjetivo está previsto a partir de satisfação com a vida e estilos de enfrentamento.
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Moody, Michelle Reid. "Final boundaries : a design for the fully-constructed body-subject." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23316.

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Zizzi, Pasquale. "Sexuality among older adults : a taboo subject in CLSC's? = la sexualité auprès des aînés : un subject tabou en CLSC?" Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81466.

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This qualitative study investigated what factors impact Home-care professionals' ability to effectively discuss and intervene with older adults on the topic of intimacy and sexuality, and to generate a theoretical model for methods in which professionals deal with the subject matter. In depth interviews with nine Home-care professionals (social workers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, nurses, home-care workers, team coordinators) from a Montreal CLSC who regularly intervene among older adults and utilize the Multiclientele Autonomy Assessment form, documentary evidence, and grounded theory analysis were utilized. Interviews centered on the professionals' conceptions of their roles and experiences as health and social service providers with regards to sexuality in later life. A theoretical model was developed describing (a) Home-care professionals' discomfort in inquiring and/or discussing the topic of sexuality with older adults, (b) phenomena that arose from those causal conditions, (c) strategies for facilitating intervention on the topic with older adults, (d) the consequences of those strategies. Implications for future research and practice are addressed.
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Adhikari, Bikram. "A single subject participatory action design method for powered wheelchairs providing automated back-in parking assistance to cognitively impaired older adults : a pilot study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51861.

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Mobility is one of the most significant factors that determines older adults’ perceived level of health and well being. Cognitively impaired older adults are deprived of using powered wheelchairs because of the operational safety risks. These users can benefit from intelligent assistance during cognitively or visually challenging tasks such as back-in parking. An intelligent powered wheelchair that assists a cognitively impaired elderly user to perform a back-in parking task is proposed. A single subject participatory action design method is used with a cognitively impaired older adult to identify design guidelines for the proposed system. Based on analysis of transcripts from semi-structured interviews with the participant, a semi-autonomous back-in parking system is designed to drive the powered wheelchair into a pre-specified back-in parking space when the user commands it to. A prototype of a non-intrusive steering guidance feature for a joystick handle is also designed to render shear force in a way that can be associated with steering behavior of a car. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated in a pilot study. Experiments with the autonomous trigger and autonomous assisted modes are conducted during a back-in parking task with real-life obstacles such as tables and chairs in a long-term care facility. A single-subject research design is used to acquire and analyze quantitative data as a pilot study. Results demonstrate an increase in the user’s perception of ease of use, effectiveness and feeling of safety with the proposed system. While the user experienced at least one minor contact in 37.5% of the trials when driving unaided, the proposed system eliminated all minor contacts. No statistically significant difference in completion time and route length is observed with the proposed system. In the future, improved back-in parking systems can use this work as a benchmark for single subject participatory action design. Future iterations could also replicate the usability study on a larger population.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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BERNARDI, STEFANO. "ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS IN THE MODULATION OF INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY AND OTHER RELATED MARKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF AGING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/693765.

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In considerazione dell’aumento della popolazione anziana e delle malattie croniche generalmente associate che hanno un impatto significativo sul sistema sanitario a livello mondiale, risulta fondamentale identificare nuove strategie non invasive volte a promuovere lo stato di salute di questo target di soggetti. In particolare, il mantenimento di una "omeostasi" tra i processi infiammatori e antinfiammatori sembra essere un punto critico per migliorare il processo di invecchiamento. In questo contesto, è stato suggerito l’utilizzo di specifici modelli dietetici e/o di composti bioattivi degli alimenti, come ad esempio i polifenoli (PPs) per il loro possibile effetto nella prevenzione e gestione dei disturbi funzionali e metabolici associati all'età. Nei soggetti più anziani, queste condizioni possono anche essere messe in relazione a una aumentata permeabilità intestinale (PI), che è una caratteristica della barriera intestinale che contribuisce alla regolazione dello scambio di soluti e fluidi tra lume e tessuti. Nella presente tesi sono stati considerati 3 ambiti di lavoro principali diretti a: A - valutare criticamente strumenti e metodi per stimare l'assunzione di PPs in diversi gruppi target di popolazione; B – effettuare una revisione aggiornata della letteratura riguardante gli studi sul ruolo dei PPs sulla PI effettuati in vivo (modello animale), in vitro e sull'uomo; C- ottenere risultati mediante uno studio di intervento dietetico, sviluppato nell'ambito del progetto MaPLE, per supportare l'ipotesi che una dieta ricca di PPs possa migliorare la PI in un gruppo di soggetti anziani che vivono in un ambiente controllato. I risultati della parte A, suggeriscono che tè, caffè, vino rosso, frutta e verdura sono i principali prodotti che forniscono PPs in diversi gruppi di popolazione. Inoltre, emerge che i flavonoidi totali e alcune sottoclassi specifiche sono associate a un basso rischio di diabete, eventi cardiovascolari e mortalità per tutte le cause, anche se la grande variabilità in termini di metodi per la valutazione e la quantificazione dell'assunzione di PPs rende ancora difficile stabilire un quantitativo di riferimento per una assunzione adeguata di questi composti. I risultati della parte B hanno messo in luce la mancanza di studi di intervento effettuati sull’uomo che risultano necessari per aumentare la comprensione del ruolo effettivo dei PPs non solo dal punto di vista meccanicistico. Infine, nella parte C, i risultati ottenuti attraverso uno studio di intervento, dimostrano l'effetto di un modello dietetico ricco di PPs e, sviluppato appositamente per un target di soggetti anziani, nella modulazione della PI. In particolare, è stata osservata una riduzione significativa dei livelli sierici di zonulina. Inoltre, grazie all'accurata registrazione dell'assunzione alimentare lungo l'intero studio di intervento è stato possibile dimostrare meglio l’elevata compliance dei soggetti e il significativo aumento dell'assunzione totale di PPs, rafforzando così l'affidabilità degli effetti osservati. In conclusione, i risultati della presente tesi sembrano supportare l’efficacia e realizzabilità di un intervento dietetico non invasivo (ovvero ottenuto mediante inclusione di alimenti ricchi in PPs) per la gestione o la prevenzione della PI e delle condizioni associate presenti nei soggetti anziani e/o in altri gruppi sensibili della popolazione.
The need for the identification of new, and possibly non-invasive, strategies directed towards improving health status in the older population is increasing due to the burden of chronic degenerative diseases and the worldwide challenge associated to the consequent impact on the health care system. In particular, the maintenance of a “homeostasis” balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory networks seems to be fundamental to improve the aging process. In this context, the exploitation of specific dietary patterns and food bioactives such as polyphenols (PPs) have been suggested for their possible effect in the prevention and management of age-associated functional and metabolic disorders. In the older subjects, these conditions may be related to intestinal permeability (IP), that is a barrier feature which contributes to the regulation of solute and fluid exchange between the lumen and tissues. In the present thesis 3 main tasks have been considered directed to: A – critically assess tools and methods to estimate polyphenol intake in different target groups of population; B – review the last updated literature regarding in vivo (animal model), in vitro and human studies focused on polyphenol and IP; C- provide data from a dietary intervention study developed within the MaPLE project to support the hypothesis that a polyphenol-rich diet (PR-diet) can improve IP in a group of older subject living in a well-controlled setting. Results from task A suggested that tea, coffee, red wine, fruit and vegetables are the main products providing PPs in different target populations. In addition, total flavonoids and specific subclasses have been apparently associated with a low risk of diabetes, cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality even if the large variability in terms of methods for the evaluation and quantification of polyphenol intake makes still difficult to establish an evidence-based reference intake for these compounds. Task B results highlighted the lack of human intervention studies required to increase the understanding on the actual role of polyphenols not only from a mechanistic point of view. Finally, in the task C we are able to show the effect of a polyphenol-rich dietary pattern, specifically developed for a target of older subjects, in the modulation of IP. In particular, a significant reduction of zonulin serum levels have been found. In addition, thanks to the accurate registration of food intake along the whole intervention study it has been possible to better demonstrate the high compliance to the dietary instruction and the significant increase of total polyphenol intake, thus, strengthening the trustworthiness of the observed effects. In conclusion, the overall results of the present thesis seem to support the reliability of non-invasive dietary intervention (i.e. polyphenol-rich dietary pattern) for the management or prevention of IP and associated conditions in the older subjects and/or other sensitive target groups of population.
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Righi, Valeria. "Re-thinking human-computer interaction research and design with a growing ageing population: widening contexts of technology use, changing the subject and object of design." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/383057.

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This dissertation analyses, reflects on, and re-thinks the way in which Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) research is conducted with a growing ageing population. This dissertation draws upon a 5-year research-through design study that combined ethnography and participatory design to explore the use and design of technologies aimed to enhance the social life of older people in civic contexts. The findings show a varied, proactive, dynamic and mutually shaping relationship between older people and digital technologies. This dissertation argues that this relationship challenges current ways in which older people and technologies are theorized within HCI. The results highlight the relevance of considering the communities in which older people interact in their daily lives in order to better understand their relationship with interactive technologies and design new digital artefacts that they find worthy of appropriation. By drawing upon the findings and theoretical discussions of dominant approaches in HCI research with older people, the dissertation proposes a re-formulation of fundamental aspects of thinking about and conducting HCI research and design with a growing and heterogeneous ageing population. Central to this re-formulation is to (a) widen the contexts of ICTs use by conducting more HCI research in civic contexts, (b) change the object of design, shifting the focus from defining the features of a technological artefact to fostering a mutual shaping relationship between technologies and everyday practices, and (c) re-think the subjects of design by moving from designing “for older people” to designing for “situated communities”. Keywords: HCI, older people, research-through design, ethnography, participatory design, technology appropriation, communities, civic contexts
Esta tesis analiza, reflexiona y reconsidera la forma en que la investigación en el campo de la “Interacción Persona-Ordenador” (IPO) con personas mayores se ha estado realizando durante las últimas décadas. Esta tesis se basa en 5 años de investigación a través del diseño (research-through-design), combinando etnografía y diseño participativo para explorar el uso y el diseño de tecnologías destinadas a mejorar la vida social de las personas mayores en entornos cívicos. Los resultados muestran una relación variada, proactiva, dinámica y mutuamente condicionada entre las personas mayores y las tecnologías digitales. Esta tesis sostiene que dicha relación desafía el discurso actual utilizado para teorizar sobre la relación de las personas de edad avanzada y las nuevas tecnologías. Los resultados destacan la importancia de considerar las comunidades en las que las personas mayores interactúan en su vida diaria con el fin de comprender mejor su relación con las tecnologías interactivas y diseñar nuevos artefactos digitales que realmente sean apropiados por los mayores en su vida diaria. Partiendo de los resultados de este estudio y discusiones teóricas sobre los enfoques dominantes en la investigación IPO con las personas mayores, esta tesis propone una reformulación de los aspectos fundamentales de reflexión y desarrollo de la investigación y el diseño IPO con una población anciana heterogénea y en constante crecimiento. Temas centrales de esta reformulación son: (a) ampliar los contextos de uso de las TIC, realizando más investigaciones IPO en entornos cívicos, (b) modificar el objeto de diseño, desplazando el enfoque de la definición de las características de un artefacto tecnológico, por el impulso de una relación de condicionamiento mutuo entre tecnologías y prácticas cotidianas, y (c) repensar los sujetos del diseño, sustituyendo el concepto de diseñar “para las personas mayores" por diseñar para “comunidades situadas".
Aquesta tesi analitza, reflexiona i reconsidera com s'ha estat realitzant la recerca amb persones grans en el camp "Interacció Persona-Ordinador" (IPO) durant les darreres dues dècades. Aquesta tesi es basa en 5 anys d'investigació a través del disseny (research-through-design), que combina l'etnografia i el disseny participatiu, per explorar l'ús i el disseny de tecnologies destinades a millorar la vida social de les persones grans en entorns cívics. Els resultats mostren una relació variada, proactiva, dinàmica i mútuament condicionada entre la gent gran i les tecnologies digitals. Aquesta tesi sosté que aquesta relació desafia la manera de teoritzar la relació entre les persones grans i les TIC en el marc de la IPO. Els resultats destaquen la importància de considerar les comunitats en què les persones grans interactuen en la seva vida diària per tal de comprendre millor la seva relació amb les tecnologies interactives i de dissenyar nous artefactes digitals que la gent gran vulgui utilitzar en la seva vida quotidiana. Tenint en compte els resultats d'aquest estudi i les discussions teòriques sobre els enfocaments dominants en la investigació IPO amb les persones grans, aquesta tesi proposa una reformulació dels aspectes fonamentals de reflexió i desenvolupament de la investigació i el disseny IPO amb una població anciana heterogènia i en constant creixement. Temes centrals d'aquesta reformulació són: (a) ampliar els contextos d'ús de les TIC, mitjançant la realització de més investigacions IPO en entorns cívics, (b) modificar l'objecte de disseny, desplaçant l'enfocament de la definició de les característiques d'un artefacte tecnològic cap a una formulació en la que la relació entre tecnologies i pràctiques quotidianes és de condicionament mutu, i (c) repensar els subjectes del disseny, substituint el concepte de “dissenyar per a la gent gran” per “dissenyar per comunitats situades”.
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Singh, Nivedita. "Vascular relaxant function and oxidant stress in healthy older subjects." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398220.

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Parry, Steve W. "Cardioinhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity and unexplained falls in older subjects." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394737.

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Awais, Muhammad <1989&gt. "Physical Activity Classification Meeting Daily Life Conditions for Older Subjects." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8270/1/Muhammad_Awais_PhD_Thesis.pdf.

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Physical inactivity can lead to several age-related issues such as falls, movement disorders and loss of independence in older adults. Therefore, promoting physical activity in daily life and tracking daily life activities are essential components for healthy aging and wellbeing. Recent advances in the MEMS devices make it happen to wirelessly integrate miniature motion capturing devices and use them in personal health care and physical activity monitoring systems in daily life conditions. Consequently, various systems have been developed to classify the activities of daily living. However, the scope and implementation of such systems are limited to laboratory-based investigations and they are mainly developed utilizing the sample population of younger adults. Therefore, this dissertation aims to develop innovative solutions for physical activity classification, with a specific focus on the elderly population in free-living conditions.
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Hawken, Malcolm Boyd. "Control of posture in older subjects and those liable to falls." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271534.

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Books on the topic "Older subject"

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Aging, New York (State) Legislature Senate Standing Committee on. Subject: Reauthorization of the Older Americans Act. Albany]: Candyco Transcription Services, 2010.

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American Association of Retired Persons. and National Clearinghouse on Aging. Service Center for Aging Information., eds. Subject index to the SCAN microfiche collection. Washington, D.C: American Association of Retired Persons, 1987.

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Britt-Marie, Öberg, ed. Changing worlds and the ageing subject: Dimensions in the study of ageing and later life. Burlington, Vt: Ashgate, 2004.

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Fifty things to do when you turn fifty: 50 experts on the subject of turning 50. Portland, Me: Ronnie Sellers Productions, 2005.

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1948-, Sellers Ronnie, ed. Sixty things to do when you turn sixty: 60 experts on the subject of turning 60. Portland, Me: Ronnie Sellers Productions, Inc., 2006.

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Cherubini, Antonio. Clinical trials in older people. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2015.

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1843-1921, Scofield C. I., Farstad Arthur L, and Thomas Nelson Publishers, eds. The new Scofield study Bible: New King James Version : with introductions and outlines, annotations, subject chain references, in-text maps, subject indexes, and concordance. Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1989.

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Evers, Ralf. Alter, Bildung, Religion: Eine subjekt- und bildungstheoretische Untersuchung. Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1999.

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McDermott, Mary. The Effects of older siblings on strength and motor performance in female subjects. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Graduate Studies, 2002.

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Heinrich, Keupp, and Bilden Helga, eds. Verunsicherungen: Das Subjekt im gesellschaftlichen Wandel : Münchener Beiträge zur Sozialpsychologie. Göttingen: C.J. Hogrefe, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Older subject"

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Golden, Anne, and Elizabeth Lanza. "Language Learning and Literacy: The Multilingual Subject in Narratives of Older Immigrant Refugee Women." In Educational Linguistics, 253–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26994-4_13.

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Erasmus, Mianda, Elizabeth Bothma, and Vera Roos. "Developing a Questionnaire to Investigate Older Individuals’ Cell Phone Use and Age-Inclusive Implementation through Technology." In Age-Inclusive ICT Innovation for Service Delivery in South Africa, 109–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94606-7_5.

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AbstractNo questionnaires to obtain information about older South Africans’ cell phone use were available. This chapter details the development of three new questionnaires for this purpose. The iGNiTe questionnaire (Version 1) addressed the need for information about older persons’ cell phone use and intra/intergenerational relations. Items, in English, were derived from the literature and current research, subsequently translated into Afrikaans, and piloted. Trained student fieldworkers used devices to collect responses from selected older individuals (n = 128). The results of exploratory factor analyses and reliability coefficients then informed the we-DELIVER questionnaire (Version 2) for collecting data on older persons’ cell phone use and service needs. Subject experts’ revisions preceded piloting. Questionnaires were translated from English into Setswana, Sesotho, and isiZulu and administered by student fieldworkers. The results (n = 302) were analysed and literature and theory consulted to develop Version 3, AGeConnect. We present what we believe to be the first online questionnaire (https://ageconnect.questionpro.com/) designed to longitudinally study and document data on older individuals’ cell phone use here and abroad. (Afrikaans, English, Setswana, Sesotho, and isiZulu are five of South Africa’s 11 official languages).
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Jermyn, Deborah, and Anne Jerslev. "The New Model Subject: “Coolness” and the Turn to Older Women Models in Lifestyle and Fashion Advertising." In Ageing Women in Literature and Visual Culture, 217–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63609-2_13.

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Svensson, Eva-Maria, Therese Bäckman, and Torbjörn Odlöw. "The Capabilities Approach and the Concepts of Self-Determination, Legal Competence and Human Dignity in Social Services for Older People." In International Perspectives on Aging, 175–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78063-0_13.

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AbstractIn this chapter, the tension between self-determination and human dignity in the Swedish legal system of social care for older people is analysed with help of the capabilities approach. The core focus of this approach is the individual person’s capability to make decisions. Also important is a supportive societal system that enables the realisation of self-determination, specifically for individuals who are not fully capable of making arrangements for themselves. The capabilities approach emphasises the responsibility of the State and can be used to analyse the impact of legal and political obligations for nation-states, and to balance the increased focus on self-determination and the quest for increased capabilities among older people. In the context of a dismantled welfare state, a one-sided focus on individual autonomy might turn out to be a double-edged sword, leaving the individual with self-determination but no (or insufficient) available care to decide about. In this chapter, the underlying principles of practical decisions are theoretically explored and reflected upon. Of specific relevance is human dignity (in addition to enhancing individual freedom), normativity (a set of fundamental capabilities is identified) and the central role of the nation-state (as the responsible political subject for the achievement of minimum thresholds for all capabilities).
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Colboc, Hester, and Sylvie Meaume. "Scar and Scarring in the Elderly." In Textbook on Scar Management, 379–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_44.

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AbstractDespite the aging of the population, little attention is paid to the development of specific care protocols appropriate to the skin and even less to the scars in the elderly. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight common clinical problems with scar and scarring in older adults and provide appropriate advices on protocols for managing them. The literature review was carried out to look for the evidence-based elements, but, if the subject of scars is sometimes found, the elements relating specifically to scars in old age are nonexistent. Unsurprisingly, practices vary widely and are carried out according to habit rather than science. Based on our clinical experience of dermatologist and geriatrician and some literature data, some pathways for future research on scars in elderly are proposed.
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Cherubini, Antonio, and Peter Crome. "The exclusion of older subjects from clinical trials." In Clinical trials in older adults, 1–22. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118323434.ch1.

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Hirsch, Emmanuel, and Paul-Loup Weil-Dubuc. "Ethical issues in clinical trials involving older subjects." In Clinical trials in older adults, 45–59. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118323434.ch3.

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Lepicard, Guillaume, and Nadine Vigouroux. "Touch Screen User Interfaces for Older Subjects." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 592–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14100-3_88.

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Hawken, M. B., P. Jäntti, and C. Kennard. "Postural Control in Normal Subjects and Older Women Who Have Fallen." In Sensorimotor Impairment in the Elderly, 175–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1976-4_13.

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Lynch, D. B., I. B. Jeffery, S. Cusack, E. M. O'Connor, and P. W. O'Toole. "Diet-Microbiota-Health Interactions in Older Subjects: Implications for Healthy Aging." In Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology, 141–54. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000364976.

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Conference papers on the topic "Older subject"

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Makeeva, Svetlana N. "Older Adult Learner As The Subject Of Cross-Cultural Communication." In Dialogue of Cultures - Culture of Dialogue: from Conflicting to Understanding. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.11.03.60.

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FEDORCHUK, Olena. "EMOTIONAL SOURCES OF PERSONALITY." In Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2021.22.

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The report highlights the role of preschool childhood in the process of personality development, analyzes the importance of the family and the main characteristics of subject-subject communication that contribute to the formation of the inner world of the older preschool child. The family is the first and most valuable source of coexistence, first emotional states and feelings. Acceptance (or rejection) of meaningful basic socially significant values by a child occurs on the basis of personal relationships with close adults. The results obtained in the study of the specifics of the value orientations of older preschoolers in the family suggest that children have limited emotional experience of moments of happiness in the family and the inner unwillingness of parents to meaningful communication with the child. Maximum saturation of the process of interaction with the child with positive emotions, values and empathic actions of adults contributes to the harmony of feelings, thinking and imagination of the child. Only in an atmosphere of happiness does a child learn to think about "happiness" and feel it. KEY WORDS: preschooler, subject-subject communication, emotions, happiness
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Davoodi, Rahman, Brian J. Andrews, Roman Kamnik, and Tadej Bajd. "Neural Network Model of the Voluntary Arm Forces During FES Assisted Standing-up in Paraplegia." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0305.

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Abstract To gain insight into the way paraplegic subjects voluntarily control their arms during the FES assisted standing-up, we developed a neural network model to predict the arm forces. The training data were collected from eight paraplegic subjects during the FES-assisted standing-up and divided into two categories for training and validation. In all the cases, it was possible to develop models that followed closely the observed behavior of the subjects. The test on validation data showed that the models could generalize well to the unseen situations. It also proved that each subject has developed a unique voluntary control strategy, which is consistent. The subjects with more experience in the use of FES were more consistent in the use of their arms from trial to trial when compared to older, heavier or high lesion subjects. Comparison of the models in different subjects showed that in addition to the unique features adopted by each subject, there are also general rules that are common in the control strategies adopted by all the subjects.
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Rys, J. P., A. M. Ellingson, D. J. Nuckley, and V. H. Barocas. "Biaxial Mechanical Testing of Single Annulus Fibrosus Layers." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19551.

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The intervertebral disc (IVD), consisting of the inner nucleus pulposus and the outer annulus fibrosus, is subjected to multiaxial stress in vivo. The disc undergoes degenerative changes that account for impairment and disability in middle-aged and older individuals.4 In addition to age-related degeneration, the intervertebral disc is subject to the development of lesions due to partial displacement or rupture of the annulus fibrosus. Such occurrences, typically resulting from physical trauma, can yield disabling effects from impingement on spinal nerve structures. A greater understanding of the IVD and how it functions mechanically is crucial in prevention and repair of debilitating spinal disorders.
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B. Kretchmer, Susan, Rod Carveth, and Karen Riggs. "Panel on: Global Perspectives and Partnership on the Information and Communication Technology Divide." In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2517.

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This paper explores the contours of old age as it meets up with new technologies in contexts of work. Old age is a problematic field, always subject to renegotiation of meaning due to changes in life expectancy and never more so than in the critical first three decades of the 21st century, when the proportion of older people is dramatically increasing, with the West in the lead. I attempt to provide a context in which scholars, activists, and others might begin talking about the changing role of work for older adults in a hightech economy. Instead of offering a statistical breakdown that can be generalized to our entire older adult population, it tells the stories of real people associated with this complex set of concerns, demonstrating how difficult it is to paint any definitive sort of portrait of aging in American culture. Its primary usefulness might be in the recognition it offers for us that, like the rest of us who are reeling from the velocity at which change is arriving in contemporary life, elders are facing myriad tensions, consequences, and challenges and are meeting these with varying outcomes.
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Fahlgren, Eric, Andrew Elliott, and Mark Carlson. "Knee Replacement Simulation Including Large Displacement and Viscoelastic Effects." In ASME 2008 3rd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2008-38033.

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Human total joint replacement has become a common place procedure in the past decade, principally to eliminate pain in patients affected by osteoarthritis of the knee, hips, shoulder and spine. While in the past, this was done mostly for older patients with reduced mobility, more recently these replacements are being done for much younger, much more active people. As a result, the artificial joints need larger ranges of motion and are subject to much higher loads, while being required to last longer in place.
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Sloane, Michael E., Karlene Ball, Cynthia Owsley, John R. Bruni, and Daniel L. Roenker. "The Visual Activities Questionnaire: Developing an Instrument for Assessing Problems in Everyday Visual Tasks." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1992.sub4.

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This paper describes the development of a questionnaire for assessing an individual's problems in performing visual activities typical of everyday life. We were particularly interested in an instrument which would be useful with the elderly population, because eye disease is especially prevalent in this age group (Leibowitz et al., 1980), and even in the absence of significant eye disease, older adults can still experience losses in visual function (Owsley & Sloane, 1990). This type of instrument could be useful from a number of perspectives. First, in many research settings it is desirable to have some sort of metric for assessing the extent to which a subject is having problems in everyday visual tasks. Ideally it would be best to obtain performance measures on the visual tasks under study, but the reality is that this is not possible in many studies. Thus, researchers often resort to asking subjects about their self-perceived problems in performing the activity in question, but without a valid and reliable instrument, subjects' answers are often useless from a scientific standpoint. Examples of settings in which a psychometrically solid questionnaire might be helpful are: evaluating the effects of a treatment or procedure (e.g., cataract surgery) on visual functioning; assessing how self-perceived visual difficulties relate to an adverse outcome such as a vehicle crash or a fall; and gathering information about visual tasks especially difficult for certain subpopulations of older adults (e.g., those with age-related maculopathy). A second way a questionnaire may be useful is in collecting epidemiological data on visual problems in the elderly population. Epidemiological studies on eye health and visual functioning are costly, and from the standpoint of actually carrying out the project, these studies are not particularly challenging or stimulating for research oriented clinicians (see Ederer, 1983). Coren and Hakstian (1987; 1988) have suggested that a suitably constructed questionnaire could be a much cheaper way to obtain some types of epidemiological data. A third way in which a questionnaire instrument might be useful is in developing hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying vision problems in the elderly. When visiting the laboratory or clinic, older adults often articulate visual problems, and a questionnaire could provide them the opportunity to do so in a systematic fashion. Fourth, a questionnaire might also be useful to clinicians since subjective information from the patient can yield clues about an undiagnosed disease process or condition.
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Kai, Tuomas, Markus Makkonen, and Lauri Frank. "Demographic Differences in the Effectiveness of a Physical Activity Application to Promote Physical Activity: Study Among Aged People." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.19.

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The global population is ageing and simultaneously the life expectancy at older ages is improving. To support healthy and active aging, it is imperative to find solutions to support physical activity (PA) in older age. Digital wellness technologies are a potential solution, but in order for such technologies to be successful, research is needed to gain a better understanding on their use and effectiveness among aged people. To address this need, this study investigated the effectiveness of a physical activity application to promote PA behavior among aged people of different demographics (gender, age, education, marital status). PA levels were measured before taking the application into use and after 12 months of use. The results suggest that a physical activity application can be effective in promoting PA behavior among aged people as there was a notable and a statistically significant increase in walking and total PA levels between baseline and 12-month follow-up. Regarding the demographic differences, there were very few differences in the changes in PA levels between different demographics, suggesting the effectiveness is not subject to the demographic background of the user.
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Scully, M. F., H. A. Decousus, V. Ellis, P. Girard, C. Parker, and V. V. Kakkar. "MEASUREMENT OF HEPARIN IN PLASMA: INFLUENCE OF INTER-SUBJECT AND CIRCADIAN VARIABILITY IN HEPARIN SENSITIVITY ACCORDING TO METHOD." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644165.

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Heparin was measured, with respect to standard curves prepared with normal pooled plasma, by five methods, APTT, (Auto-APTT), thrombin time (Thromboquik), one (Heptest) and two-stage (Hepaclot) coagulation, anti-factor Xa and chromogenic anti-factor Xa after addition at three concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6iu/ml) to plasma prepared from three groups of ten individuals: normal young volunteers, hospitalized patients with malignancy and hospitalized geriatric patients. By the APTT and TT, differences in sensitivity were observed, for example, at 0.4iu heparin/ml corresponding to an apparent difference in heparin level of 10- and 14-fold between high and low responding individuals. All low responders, by APTT and TT, were in the older hospitalized group, tending to overheparinization when monitoring by these methods. Such large differences were not apparent by any of the anti-factor Xa assays. A circadian difference (1.9 and 1.8 fold) in sensitivity was also observed in the patient group such that in samples taken at night (12 pm), heparin levels were 30-50% higher than those taken during the morning on average when measured in the APTT and TT (p,0.001, analysis of variance). Again, such large differences were notapparent by anti-factor Xa methods. In light of recent findings about the usefulness of anti-factor Xa methods for efficient monitoring of heparin, it issuggested that this conclusion may arise from the tendency for anti-factor Xa methods to determine actual concentrations of heparin.
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Chen, Ji, Kurosh Darvish, W. Geoffrey Wright, and Emily A. Keshner. "Multimodal Control of Orientation in Space." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11702.

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The impaired balance of posture accounts for the fall with a large proportion of falls in older people occurring when walking. However, the mechanisms underlying impaired balance during both gait and passive postural state are poorly understood. The objective of the research is to examine the underlying causes of instability and then to eventually create therapeutic interventions that will improve balance and lessen the number of falls related injuries. This paper focuses on developing a laboratory to study the combined influence of motion impact and visual conditions on head stabilization during passive postural jerk impact and simple harmonic movements. Preliminary studies on one healthy subject shows that concordant and discordant visual inputs have more compensatory effect than eyes closed on head stabilization during the jerk impact.
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Reports on the topic "Older subject"

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Galán-Arroyo, Carmen, Javier de los Ríos-Calonge, Jorge Rojo-Ramos, Jose A. Parraça, César Fonseca, and Marco Alexandre da Silva Batista. Physical Literacy in Older Adults: a Scoping Review Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0009.

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Review question / Objective: “How is the concept of physical literacy characterized in older adults?”. P – People in their older adult years. C – Physical literacy. C – Any context. Eligibility criteria: Studies will be assessed for inclusion in the review according to the following criteria: Study Design: We will only include studies that investigate the physical literacy throughout older adult life. This includes primary research (peer-reviewed research arti-cles), evidence synthesis (narrative reviews, systematic reviews, scoping reviews, rapid re-views, etc.), conference abstracts, discussion articles, editorials, and thesis. We will not limit the included studies by the sample size of the study. Outcomes: We will include studies examining outcomes under the concept of physical literacy, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Study Population and Additional Characteristics: We will only include studies where the study population meets the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) "Aged" characteristics: A person 65 years of age or older. We will not limit included studies by their ethnicity, country of origin, economic characteristics, or geographic region. We will limit the studies included by publication date to those published since 2001, since Whithead's physical literacy concept was first described in that year [22]. We will limit included studies to those published in English, Spanish and Portugueses.
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Gálvez, Julio, and Gonzalo Paz-Pardo. Richer earnings dynamics, consumption and portfolio choice over the life cycle. Madrid: Banco de España, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/23686.

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Households face earnings risk which is non-normal and varies by age and over the income distribution. We show that allowing for these rich features of earnings dynamics, in the context of a structurally estimated life-cycle portfolio choice model, helps to better understand the limited participation of households in the stock market and their low holdings of risky assets. Because households are subject to more background risk than previously considered, the estimated model implies a substantially lower coeffcient of risk aversion and a lower optimal risky share for older workers with low wealth and high earnings.
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Gálvez, Julio, and Gonzalo Paz-Pardo. Richer earnings dynamics, consumption and portfolio choice over the life cycle. Madrid: Banco de España, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/23706.

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Households face earnings risk which is non-normal and varies by age and over the income distribution. We show that, in the context of a structurally estimated life-cycle portfolio choice model, allowing for these rich features of earnings dynamics helps to better understand the limited participation of households in the stock market and their low holdings of risky assets. Because households are subject to more background risk than previously considered, the estimated model implies a substantially lower coefficient of risk aversion and a lower optimal risky asset share for older workers with low wealth and high earnings.
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Dong, Yi, LiJia Liu, Jianing Liu, Tianqi Liao, Jieru Zhou, and Huaien Bu. Incidences of Adverse Reactions in BNT162b2: A Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0043.

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Review question / Objective: This study searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase Electronics, and other databases to collect healthy adults aged 16 and older, subjects with no previous history of COVID-19 infection, A randomized controlled trial of Pfizer's vaccine BNT162b2 versus placebo. Using RevMan5.4 software, meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of injection of BNT162b2 and placebo on the incidence of adverse reactions in healthy adults over 16 years of age. Main indexes include total incidence of adverse reactions, the incidence of local adverse reactions at the injection site (including red hot accessories), the incidence of systemic adverse reactions, including fever, headache, rash, urticaria, joint pain, muscle pain, gastrointestinal tract reaction, fatigue, cough, etc.), death rate, so as to provide a reference for clinical practice. Information sources: The following electronic databases will be searched from January 2020 to November 2021: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase Electronics. In addition, reference lists of the included studies were manually searched to identify additional relevant studies.
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Guerreiro, Hugo, Rute Borrego, and Lino Mendes. β-alanine supplementation for athletic performance in female athletes: a protocol for a systematic review of randomized control trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0041.

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Review question / Objective: The Effect of β-alanine Supplementation on Athletic Performance in Female Athletes: a Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials. Condition being studied: β-alanine is an endogenously produced non-proteinogenic amino acid that can also be obtained through the consumption of foods such as meat. The ergogenic effect of β-alanine supplementation is linked to the levels of carnosine (a cytoplasmatic dipeptide to which β-alanine is a precursor). It has become one of the most common sports nutrition ergogenic aids, with typical doses at about 4 to 6 g per day that are ideal to elevate muscle carnosine concentrations by up 80%. This elevation happens regardless of high or low baseline levels (common in vegetarians, women and in older subjects) and chronic supplementation (and the associated increase of muscle carnosine levels) is known to be of particular interest in improving high-intensity exercise performance by enhancing intracellular H+ buffering, reducing muscle acidosis. It has been mostly proposed as beneficial in exercises between 60 seconds and 4 minutes, but some positive effects have been noted in other sport-related outcomes. The fact that women tend to have less muscle carnosine content then man, in addition to other characteristics of the female athlete, highlights the importance of understanding if the outcomes and magnitude of the effects already found and stablished in male athletes are, in fact, equivalent in the female athlete.
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Harpaz, Sheenan, Steven G. Hughes, and Pinhas Lindner. Optimization of Diet for Post Larvel/Juvenile Sea Bass and Hybrid Stripped Bass Based on Enzymatic Profiles of their Digestive Tracts. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604924.bard.

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The overall goal of this research work was to identify the main proteolytic activities which take place in the digestive tracts of young bass fish, and use the knowledge acquired in order to improve feed protein utilization in juvenile fish based on their digestive capacity. The results of the work clearly showed that the young fish possess the entire profile of proteolytic enzymes which is found in adult fish. Yet, in the young fish the level of activity is substantially lower per gram tissue (or gram protein) as compared with the activity found in the digestive tracts of the same fish at an older (larger) age. In addition it was found that the main proteolytic enzyme in these fish is chymotrypsin which accounts for almost 80% of the proteolytic activity. An effort aimed at enhancing this activity has lead to the interesting finding that alcohol substantially enhances the proteolytic activity of fish intestines. Fish intestinal homogenates were used in order to evaluate the suitability of various feeds for the fish. Potential feed proteins were subjected to the proteolytic activity of the fish enzymes in vitro, in a manner simulating the natural process. The proteolytic activity was monitored by the valuation of the products, i.e. amino acid released. This method has proven to be a powerful tool which enables us to predict with a very high degree of accuracy the potential of a feed to promote growth. Selection of feed based on the proteolytic capacity of the fish degestive tracts can now be implemented in feed formulation, as anticipated in the original research proposal.
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