Academic literature on the topic 'Older people Health risk assessment Japan'
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Journal articles on the topic "Older people Health risk assessment Japan"
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Osaka, Hiroshi, Daisuke Fujita, Kenichi Kobara, Yosuke Yoshimura, Hiromi Matsumoto, and Tadanobu Suehiro. "01 Prediction of Falls in Community-Dwelling Older People using an Accelerometer: The Results of a 1-Year Prospective Study." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (December 2019): iv1—iv2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.01.
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Abstract Background Fall preventive exercise for community-dwelling older people in Japan has a certain effect. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictors of fall risk in older people engaging in preventive exercise. Methods In this prospective study, we recruited 162 community-dwelling older people. We had them complete a self-report questionnaire containing items on weekly exercise frequency, exercise duration, exercise efficacy, amount of pain, number of diagnosis chronic diseases, health anxiety level, vision impairment, difficulty using the stairs, insomnia, fear of falling, history of falls, and forgetfulness, as well as the Falls Efficacy Scale. Walking speed and trunk acceleration during walking were also measured in all participants. From trunk acceleration, we calculated five gait parameters: fluctuation, weight shift, lateral balance, anteroposterior balance, and rhythm. Participants were classified as fallers or non-fallers according to the incidence of falls over a 1-year period from baseline assessment. Results Of all participants, 19 (11.7%) were classified as fallers and 143 (88.3%) as non-fallers. In comparing the fallers and non-fallers, we found significant differences in their exercise duration, exercise efficacy, amount of pain, history of falls, walking speed, and the gait parameters of weight shift and anteroposterior balance. A logistic regression analysis revealed that walking speed (odds ratio: 0.049, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.005-0.265, p=0.008) and weight shift (odds ratio: 0.021, 95%CI: 0.000-0.877, p=0.043) were predictors of falls. Conclusion The gait parameter of weight shift is the amplitude ratio of the auto-correlation function from vertical acceleration. This gait parameter is an original metrics and might show the temporal structure around the terminal stance. Measurement of gait parameters, in addition to physical performance, using an accelerometer seems beneficial for fall risk identification among community-dwelling older people engaged in fall preventive exercise.
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Jahouh, Maha, Jerónimo J. González-Bernal, Josefa González-Santos, Diego Fernández-Lázaro, Raúl Soto-Cámara, and Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. "Impact of an Intervention with Wii Video Games on the Autonomy of Activities of Daily Living and Psychological–Cognitive Components in the Institutionalized Elderly." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041570.
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As people age, the risk of disease increases and deterioration becomes more noticeable. These changes can increase the risk of cognitive impairment, with negative consequences for the quality of life and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) in older people, which translate into greater dependence and loss of wellness. This study aimed to determine the impact and effectiveness of the use of the Wii® game console (Nintendo Company Limited, Kyoto, Japan) on improving performance of basic and instrumental ADLs, as well as its relationship with cognitive impairment levels and mood in institutionalized older people. A longitudinal study was designed, whose study population consisted of people over 75 years of age who lived in a nursing-home or attended a day care center (n = 80; 45 women). Cognitive status was assessed using Lobo’s Mini-Cognitive Examination (MCE) and Global Deterioration Scale (FAST-GDS), while the psychological assessment used the Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), Yesavage scale for Geriatric Depression (EGD-15), and Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (EADG). Differences from T1 to T2 in the control group (control; n = 40; 23 women; 83.25 ± 8.78 years; 76.35 ± 13.54 kg) and in the experimental group (Wii; n = 40; 22 women; 85.05 ± 8.63 years; 74.60 ± 13.01 kg) were evaluated using a paired Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon’s signed rank test, and a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Differences in Δ (%) and other tests at T1 and T2 were compared using the independent t-test or Mann–Whitney U test, with the treatment category as a fixed factor. The results showed that the Wii® video console had a positive influence for older people, increasing cognitive status and levels of ADLs, and psychological status. In addition, a positive correlation between performance of ADLs and cognitive status was observed, as well as a negative correlation with the psychological status. Through a rehabilitation program with a Wii® game console in the elderly, depression, anxiety and apathy levels were reduced, accompanied by an increase in memory and attention, as well as in performance of basic and instrumental ADLs.
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Sasaki, Yuri, Taishi Tsuji, Shihoko Koyama, Yukako Tani, Tami Saito, Katsunori Kondo, Ichiro Kawachi, and Jun Aida. "Neighborhood Ties Reduced Depressive Symptoms in Older Disaster Survivors: Iwanuma Study, a Natural Experiment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010337.
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Objective: As most studies relating to mental health and disasters have employed cross-sectional or follow-up assessments about psychological health with post-disaster information, the association between changes in social ties and mental health remains unclear. We examined the relationship between the changes in survivor neighborhood ties and depressive symptoms before and after a natural disaster. Methods: Participants were 3567 individuals aged ≥65 years living in Iwanuma city who had responded to questionnaires by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study both predating the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, and 2.5 years afterward. Changes in the depressive symptoms were assessed using the geriatric depression scale (GDS) at the baseline and follow-up survey. Changes in the neighborhood ties were assessed by asking the participants about their interactions with people in their neighborhood. Possible confounders were adjusted in a linear regression model. Results: Among the 3111 participants in this analysis, 1073 (34.5%) had increased GDS score after the disaster. There were 336 (10.8%) individuals who had neighborhood ties before the disaster, but had no ties afterward; their mean GDS score increased from 2.93 points in 2010 to 3.19 points in 2013. Among those who had not had ties before and after the disaster the mean GDS score remained almost stable, from 2.19 points in 2010 to 2.12 points in 2013. The participants with post-disaster ties were significantly less likely to have an increased GDS score compared with those who had not had ties before and after the disaster (β = −0.39; 95% confidence interval: −0.72, −0.06). Conclusions: Increased neighborhood ties after the disaster reduced the risk of depressive symptoms even when survivors suffered disaster damages. The study reinforces the importance of social capital in disaster recovery and suggests to local governments and local communities that fostering horizontal, neighborhood ties may improve disaster preparedness and mental health resilience.
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Kobayashi, Rei, and Masato Ishizaki. "Relationship Between Health Literacy and Social Support and the Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer: Questionnaire Study." Journal of Participatory Medicine 12, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): e17163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17163.
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Background Low health literacy is associated with factors such as not taking medication as prescribed as well as poor health status and increased hospitalization and mortality risk, and has been identified as a risk factor for decreased physical function in older individuals. Health literacy is becoming an increasingly important issue because of the increased number of people affected by cancer who must make complicated treatment decisions. Health literacy has been shown to be positively associated with quality of life (QOL), and social support has been identified as important for addressing health-related problems and reducing the relative risk of mortality in patients with cancer. However, few studies have examined the relationship between health literacy, social support, age, and QOL. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the effects of health literacy, social support, and age on the QOL of patients with cancer. Methods An anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire was conducted from March 28 to 30, 2017, in Japan on patients with lung, stomach, or colon cancer that were voluntarily registered with an internet survey company. The survey covered basic attributes, health literacy, social support, and QOL. The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, a comprehensive measure of health literacy instrument, was used to measure health literacy; the Japanese version of the Social Support Scale was used to measure social support; and the Japanese version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (7-item version) assessment tool was used to measure QOL. Results A total of 735 survey invitations were randomly sent to patients with lung, stomach, or colorectal cancer, and responses were obtained from 619 (82.2% response rate). Significant effects on the QOL in patients with lung, stomach, or colon cancer were observed for health literacy, social support, and age, and for the interactions of health literacy and social support and of social support and age. Health literacy, social support, and the interaction between these variables also showed a significant effect on the QOL in patients 50 years or older, but not on those younger than 50 years. Conclusions The results of this study revealed that higher health literacy, social support, and age were associated with the QOL in patients with cancer. In addition, the relationship with QOL was stronger for social support than for health literacy. These findings suggest the importance of health literacy and social support and indicate that social support has a greater effect on QOL than does health literacy, while the QOL in patients with cancer aged younger than 50 years was lower than that of those 50 years or older. Therefore, elucidating the needs of these patients and strengthening social support based on those needs may improve their QOL.
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Imamura, Kotaro, Akizumi Tsutsumi, Yumi Asai, Hideaki Arima, Emiko Ando, Akiomi Inoue, Reiko Inoue, et al. "Association between psychosocial factors at work and health outcomes after retirement: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e030773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030773.
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IntroductionThe world’s population is rapidly ageing, and health among older people is thus an important issue. Several previous studies have reported an association between adverse psychosocial factors at work before retirement and postretirement health. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the association between psychosocial factors at work and health outcomes after retirement, based on a synthesis of well-designed prospective studies.Methods and analysisThe participants, exposures, comparisons and outcomes of the studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis are defined as follows: (P) people who have retired from their job, (E) presence of adverse psychosocial factors at work before retirement, (C) absence of adverse psychosocial factors at work before retirement and (O) any physical and mental health outcomes after retirement. Published studies were searched using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and Japan Medical Abstracts Society. The included studies will be statistically synthesised in a meta-analysis to estimate pooled coefficients and 95% CIs. The quality of each included study will be assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions. For the assessment of meta-bias, publication bias will be assessed by using Egger’s test, as well as visually on a funnel plot. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the χ² test with Cochran’s Q statistic and I2.Ethics and disseminationResults and findings will be submitted and published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated broadly to researchers and policy-makers interested in the translatability of scientific evidence into good practices.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099043.
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Lorbach, Edwina R., Kate E. Webster, Hylton B. Menz, Joanne E. Wittwer, and John R. Merory. "Physiological Falls Risk Assessment in Older People with Alzheimer’s Disease." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 24, no. 4 (2007): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000107101.
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While, Alison E. "Falls and older people: understanding why people fall." British Journal of Community Nursing 25, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2020.25.4.173.
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Falls are common among older people and a major public health challenge. This article describes why falls are more common among older people, the potential causes of falls and what assessments should be undertaken to inform preventive interventions. District nurses are well placed to contribute to the understanding of why an older person has had a fall as part of a falls risk assessment.
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Tsuji, Taishi, Katsunori Kondo, Naoki Kondo, Jun Aida, and Daisuke Takagi. "Development of a risk assessment scale predicting incident functional disability among older people: Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study." Geriatrics & Gerontology International 18, no. 10 (August 14, 2018): 1433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13503.
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O’Neill, Desmond. "Safe mobility for older people." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 10, no. 2 (May 2000): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259800000290.
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Driving: a new geriatric giant?Over the last fifty years geriatric medicine has promoted the concept that functional loss in older people is primarily a health issue. For a major loss of function, such as incontinence or immobility, we recognize the need for detection, investigation and treatment. The diagnostic / therapeutic / rehabilitation paradigm takes precedence over the prosthetic approach. Not only do we appreciate the benefits of an interdisciplinary assessment, but we are also accustomed to estimating risk and competence when making decisions about discharging frail older people back to their home environment.
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Toosty, Nishat Tasnim, Aya Hagishima, and Ken-Ichi Tanaka. "Heat health risk assessment analysing heatstroke patients in Fukuoka City, Japan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): e0253011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253011.
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Background Climate change, as a defining issue of the current time, is causing severe heat-related illness in the context of extremely hot weather conditions. In Japan, the remarkable temperature increase in summer caused by an urban heat island and climate change has become a threat to public health in recent years. Methods This study aimed to determine the potential risk factors for heatstroke by analysing data extracted from the records of emergency transport to the hospital due to heatstroke in Fukuoka City, Japan. In this regard, a negative binomial regression model was used to account for overdispersion in the data. Age-structure analyses of heatstroke patients were also embodied to identify the sub-population of Fukuoka City with the highest susceptibility. Results The daily maximum temperature and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), along with differences in both the mean temperature and time-weighted temperature from those of the consecutive past days were detected as significant risk factors for heatstroke. Results indicated that there was a positive association between the resulting risk factors and the probability of heatstroke occurrence. The elderly of Fukuoka City aged 70 years or older were found to be the most vulnerable to heatstroke. Most of the aforementioned risk factors also encountered significant and positive associations with the risk of heatstroke occurrence for the group with highest susceptibility. Conclusion These results can provide insights for health professionals and stakeholders in designing their strategies to reduce heatstroke patients and to secure the emergency transport systems in summer.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Older people Health risk assessment Japan"
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Xu, Lin, and 徐琳. "Subclinical atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and metabolicsyndrome in older Chinese people." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4451430X.
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Andreyeva, Tatiana. "An international comparison of obesity in older adults effects and risk factors /." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2006. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgsd_issertations/RGSD206/.
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Knutson, Foster Donn 1961. "Assessing risk factors in the elderly's discharge from the nursing home to the hospital." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277166.
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The purpose of this study was to retrospectively identify risk factors of elderly nursing home residents that may predict the hospitalization of recently admitted elderly nursing home residents. Two groups of randomly chosen residents were studied. The non-hospitalized group (n = 100) were admitted to a nursing home and remained in the facility for at least 90 days. The hospitalized group (n = 100) were discharged to a hospital within 30 days of admission to the nursing home. The presence of HCFA irregularities increased the odds for hospitalization of an elderly nursing home resident by 1.67. Regular medication orders on discharge increased the odds of hospitalization by 1.25. This study showed that the use of the 33 HCFA indicators are useful in identifying elderly nursing home residents that may be at an increased risk of hospitalization.
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LoCoco, Joseph Kenneth, and Christy Anne Herff. "Structured decision making in adult protective services." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3242.
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The focus of this research project was to evaluate individual stakeholder perceptions of the implementation of Structured Decision Making (SDM) as a tool in risk assessment of elder abuse/neglect case referrals in Riverside County Adult Protective Services (APS). The researchers interviewed ten social workers from Riverside County APS, from line workers up to Deputy Director. Constructivist theory was used to develop a joint construct which indicated that the primary benefit of SDM was consistency. Consistency resulted in safety and proctection of the client, social worker and the agency.
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Sperandio, Junior Carlos Augusto. "Úlcera por pressão em idosos institucionalizados: um guia para cuidadores." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1421.
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Úlceras por Pressão (UPP) são áreas de necrose isquêmica em partes moles, causadas por uma pressão prolongada maior que a capilar, com ou sem cisalhamento, relacionada à postura e frequentemente localizada junto a uma proeminência óssea em indivíduos com predisposição clínica. Os fatores extrínsecos pressão, fricção, cisalhamento, umidade e alterações de temperatura são relacionados à engenharia biomédica e decorrem da interação do paciente com a superfície de suporte. Já os intrínsecos, notadamente relacionados às condições de saúde, envolvem o desequilíbrio nutricional e as afecções clínicas, tanto as que diminuem a oxigenação tecidual, como as que implicam no comprometimento da mobilidade. Por ser mais prevalente entre os idosos e por decorrer de múltiplas causas e mecanismos patogênicos, as UPP são classificadas como uma Síndrome Geriátrica. Embora associada principalmente a gerontes, o aporte financeiro empregado no grupo de feridas crônicas, como as UPP, remonta o 3o maior bloco de gastos em saúde no mundo. As UPP são frequentes em pacientes hospitalizados, porém ultrapassam este ambiente, havendo expressiva incidência em residentes de Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs). No Brasil, as ILPIs são órgãos sociais, o que gera uma lacuna legal quanto à responsabilidade clínica sobre seus residentes e, consequentemente, sobre as afecções que os acometem, particularmente as UPP. Estas feridas são passíveis de prevenção, destacando-se então o cuidador de idosos, ocupação que vem aumentando em número e importância com o envelhecimento da população e que, no entanto, nem sempre é devidamente instruído. Por meio de uma vasta revisão de literatura, esta dissertação objetivou pontuar os fatores relevantes envolvidos na patogenia das UPP, além das especificidades do indivíduo idoso e do ambiente das ILPIs. Neste contexto, o produto final elaborado foi um guia para prevenção de UPP em ILPIs.Pressure Ulcers (PU) are areas of localized soft tissue ischemic necrosis caused by prolonged pressure higher than the capillary pressure with or without shear, related to posture which usually occurs over a bony prominence in individual with certain clinical susceptibilities. Extrinsic factors – such as pressure, friction and shear, moisture and temperature changes – are related to biomedical engineering and come from the interaction patient-surface. On the other hand, intrinsic factors are related to health conditions and correspond to nutritional imbalance and/or conditions that decrease tissue oxygenation or impair mobility. Since it features different pathogenic mechanisms and it is more prevalent among the elderly, the PU group is classified as a geriatric syndrome. Worldwide, PU are estimated to be the 3rd largest consumer of resources, plus the social burden and consequences of this condition. PU are quite common in hospitals, however there are several cases among the elderly living in Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs). In Brazil, these institutions are supported by social organizations, what produces legal gaps with respect to the residents’ clinical responsibility, and reduces the chances of preventing avoidable diseases as PU. The number of elderly caregivers tends to grow accordingly to the population ageing, creating a window of opportunity for continued education of this group of workers. Through an extensive literature review, this thesis aimed to highlight the relevant findings of the different factors involved in PU pathogenesis as well as to ascertain the particularities of elderly individuals and the specific environment of LTCFs. The final product is a PU prevention guide suitable to use in Brazilian long-term care facilities.
Books on the topic "Older people Health risk assessment Japan"
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Lichtenstein, Richard. The relationship between marketing strategies and risk selection in Medicare at-risk HMOs. [Ann Arbor, Michigan?]: University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Health Services Management and Policy, 1990.
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Corporation, Rand. Evidence report and evidence-based recommendations, health risk appraisals and Medicare. [Los Angeles, CA]: Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center/RAND, 2003.
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Gupta, Indrani. Health of the elderly in India: Some aspects of vulnerability. Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth, 2001.
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Gupta, Indrani. Health of the elderly in India: A multivariate analysis. Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth, 2002.
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Adams, Mary L. Older adult health in Wyoming: Results from the 2003 Wyoming behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Cheyenne, Wyo.]: Published by the Preventive Health and Safety Division, 2004.
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. and OECD Futures Project on Risk Management Policies., eds. Sweden: The safety of older people. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2006.
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Bergoffen, Gene. Older commercial drivers, do they pose a safety risk? Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2010.
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Noguchi, Haruko. Effects of state Medicaid policies on the likelihood of nursing home admission and length of stay: An application of the competing-risks models. [New York, N.Y.]: City University of New York, 1997.
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Tanner, T. Bradley. Protections for individuals in board and care and other community settings: Risk-assessment tool : [literature review report]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: Clinical Tools, Inc., 2000.
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Morris, John N. interRAI home care (HC) assessment form and user's manual. 9th ed. Ann Arbor, MI: interRAI, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Older people Health risk assessment Japan"
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Harwood, Rowan H., and Rachel Cowan. "Physical assessment." In Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry, 165–82. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807292.003.0011.
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Physical and mental health problems in older people often co-exist, and may be inter-related. This chapter explores the use of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) to holistically address the impacts of multiple physical and psychiatric comorbidities on older peoples’ health and function. Older people with mental health problems are particularly vulnerable to frailty and the impacts of polypharmacy. They may present with atypical complaints, are prone to complications, and are at risk of quickly losing their functional abilities. A period of rehabilitation is often necessary to restore functioning after an episode of illness. Multidisciplinary working is essential to offer holistic management of problems commonly seen in older people, including immobility, falls, confusion and incontinence. A focus on person-centred care is particularly important for people living with dementia, and this chapter describes an approach to healthcare that promotes open communication with patients and carers, shared decision-making, and advance care planning.
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Illario, Maddalena, Vincenzo De Luca, and Regina Roller-Wirnsberger. "Integrating Social and Health Services for People, Communities, Homes, and Places." In Integrated Care and Fall Prevention in Active and Healthy Aging, 21–66. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4411-2.ch002.
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The challenge of an ageing population requires a paradigmatic shift in the way we provide social and healthcare services, demanding the need to prioritize the functionality and independence of older adults. The risk and subsequent fear of falling is one of the most high-risk states for older adults, as it generates a destabilizing effect on their health that is often hard to recover. It is essential to thoroughly address their risk factors and mitigators. This discussion needs to be made in light of a person-centered perspective that goes beyond fragilities to capitalize on the strengths of the older adults. The chapter provides examples of how to connect assessment, interventions, and monitoring to a coherent framework approach that mitigates the risks and the impact of falls on an ageing society. The authors explore how technological innovation, urban planning, and regional policies that are culturally relevant can be incorporated in creating a circular economy while meeting the needs of an aging population and preventing falls and cognitive decline.
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Kawamura, Koki, Shinichiro Maeshima, Aiko Osawa, and Hidenori Arai. "Overarching Goal and Intervention for Healthy Aging in Older People during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact of Rehabilitation." In COVID-19 Pandemic, Mental Health and Neuroscience - New Scenarios for Understanding and Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106787.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major impact on society and our lives. Many older people and those with underlying medical conditions have refrained from social activities and become housebound, increasing the risk of frailty. Therefore, we developed the Home Exercise Program for Older People, a multidisciplinary program that makes it easier for older people to exercise at home. We also provide outpatient rehabilitation for not only those affected by COVID-19, but also older people with frailty who have become confined under the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, we overview the situations and lives of older people in Japan under the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss preventive strategies.
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Dhesi, Jugdeep, and Judith Partridge. "Preoperative assessment and perioperative management." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 261–72. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0036.
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The demographic changes in the surgical population pose a new challenge for geriatricians. Despite symptomatic and survival benefits following surgery, older people consistently suffer from excess medical morbidity, mortality, and adverse functional outcomes. This is predominantly related to physiological change, multimorbidity, and geriatric syndromes. For these reasons, geriatricians are increasingly asked for their medical and rehabilitation expertise in the management of elective and emergency surgical patients. This chapter describes the goals of preoperative risk assessment, modification of risk through medical and functional optimization, and presents different models of care which can be employed in older patients. The evidence behind comprehensive geriatric assessment in the surgical setting is presented, including discussion about collaborative decision-making and effective communication involving older patients, their relatives, surgeons, anaesthetists, physicians, and allied health professionals in the perioperative period. The future challenges in terms of research, education, and service development are discussed.
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Strydom, Andre, Karen Dodd, Nwamaka Uchendu, and Suzanne Wilson. "Dementia and Other Disorders Associated with Ageing in People with Intellectual Disability." In Oxford Textbook of the Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability, 83–90. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198794585.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of dementia in older people with intellectual disabilities, including Down syndrome. The chapter begins with a discussion of the current demographics of older individuals with intellectual disabilities, including increasing life expectancy and physical health issues, before considering diagnosis and management. It reviews the principles of assessment and diagnosis, and outlines pharmacological and non-pharmacological management approaches. This chapter highlights the issues related to ageing with Down syndrome, as this condition confers a very high genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Management of challenging behaviour and end-of-life care in older adults with dementia is also considered.
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Tham, Rachel, and Tamara Schikowski. "The Role of Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Neurodegenerative Diseases in Older People: An Epidemiological Perspective." In Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad210027.
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Traffic-related air pollution is ubiquitous and almost impossible to avoid. It is important to understand the role that traffic-related air pollution may play in neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease, particularly among older populations and at-risk groups. There is a growing interest in this area among the environmental epidemiology literature and the body of evidence identifying this role is emerging and strengthening. This review focuses on the principal components of traffic-related air pollutants (particulate matter and nitrogen oxides) and the epidemiological evidence of their contribution to common neurodegenerative diseases. All studies reported are currently observational in nature and there are mixed findings depending on the study design, assessment of traffic-related air pollutant levels, assessment of the neurodegenerative disease outcome, time period of assessment, and the role of confounding environmental factors and at-risk genetic characteristics. All current studies have been conducted in income-rich countries where traffic-related air pollution levels are relatively low. Additional longer-term studies are needed to confirm the levels of risk, consider other contributing environmental factors and to be conducted in settings where air pollution exposures are higher and at-risk populations reside and work. Better understanding of these relationships will help inform the development of preventive measures and reduce chronic cognitive and physical health burdens (cost, quality of life) at personal and societal levels.
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Davis, Mellar P., and John L. Shuster. "Pain and Comorbid Psychiatric Illnesses in Elderly People." In Overlapping Pain and Psychiatric Syndromes, edited by Martin D. Cheatle, Simmie L. Foster, and Nicole K. Y. Tang, 291–302. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248253.003.0021.
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Chronic pain is often associated with anxiety, depression, and frailty. The relationship between pain and mental illness is complex and bidirectional. In elderly people, poor self-rated health is strongly associated with pain severity, and pain-related interference with daily activities leads to depression. There is a shared neural substrate within the central nervous system (CNS) between pain and depression, which have a common neuroanatomical organization within the CNS. The close association between pain and depression means that assessment of pain should be accompanied by assessment of depression even if by the single question, “Are you depressed?” The physiological changes in aging influence the pain experience and analgesic tolerance, which diminishes in the presence of comorbidities. Tolerance to antidepressants is also diminished, with a greater risk for drug–drug interactions due to polypharmacy, which accompanies older age.
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Kostka, Joanna, Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska, and Tomasz Kostka. "Special situations in the elderly: sport, physical activity, and travel." In ESC CardioMed, 2976–80. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0719.
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The number of physically active and travelling older people is gradually increasing. Regular physical activity can bring significant health benefits to people of all ages. On the other hand, due to concomitant chronic disease and age-related changes, older athletes are at higher risk of both acute adverse events and overuse injuries. Therefore, general medical and cardiovascular evaluation is recommended before initiation of a training programme. Similarly, it is necessary to perform a medical assessment of older subjects concerning fitness for travel and possible medical consequences. A pre-travel visit should allow individual physical and mental limitations for travel to be discussed and provide a patient with necessary prophylaxis, such as vaccinations or malaria prevention. Special problems in older athletes and travellers with chronic diseases should be taken into consideration (e.g. the risk of venous thromboembolism during prolonged exercise or travel in hot environment). Older adults with concomitant co-morbidities constitute a growing percentage of subjects participating in sports or undertaking travel. Although they are at higher risk of cardiovascular complications, a general recommendation to ‘avoid inactivity’ may be nowadays be put forward.
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Kostka, Joanna, Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska, and Tomasz Kostka. "Special situations in the elderly: sport, physical activity, and travel." In ESC CardioMed, 2976–80. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0719_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
The number of physically active and travelling older people is gradually increasing. Regular physical activity can bring significant health benefits to people of all ages. On the other hand, due to concomitant chronic diseases and age-related changes, older athletes are at higher risk of both acute adverse events and overuse injuries. Therefore, general medical and cardiovascular evaluation is recommended before initiation of a training programme. Similarly, it is necessary to perform a medical assessment of older subjects concerning fitness for travel and possible medical consequences. A pre-travel visit should allow individual physical and mental limitations for travel to be discussed and provide a patient with necessary prophylaxis, such as vaccinations or malaria prevention. Special problems in older athletes and travellers with chronic diseases should be taken into consideration (e.g. the risk of venous thromboembolism during prolonged exercise or travel in hot environment). Older adults with concomitant co-morbidities constitute a growing percentage of subjects participating in sports or undertaking travel. Although they are at higher risk of cardiovascular complications, a general recommendation to ‘avoid inactivity’ may nowadays be put forward.
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Becker, Clemens, Jean Woo, and Chris Todd. "Falls." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 373–82. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0050.
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Falls are very common among older people, with 30–40% of people aged 65 or over falling each year. Incidence increases with age, is particularly high in residential care settings, and has a considerable burden in terms of morbidity, mortality, use of health services, and reductions in quality of life. In the first section of this chapter we define falls, then review the epidemiology of falls in the community, and acute hospital, residential, and long-term care. We review and identify the major risk factors for falls and the assessment and screening tools used to detect risk and resources of best practice recommendations for clinical practice. In the second section, we provide overviews of best practice in prevention and clinical management, first for older people living independently in the community, then for acute hospital care, and thirdly for residential and long-term care.
Conference papers on the topic "Older people Health risk assessment Japan"
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Caragiuli, Manila, Agnese Brunzini, Alessandra Papetti, Michele Germani, Pietro Scendoni, and Chiara Mazzoni. "Multidimensional assessment of elderly people’s health for the development of a fall risk index." In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002791.
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As life expectancy increases, the likelihood of more falls and fall-related hospitalizations increases with a significant impact on the health system. Given the high incidence of falls in healthy elderly people, in order to prevent them, it is necessary to identify predisposing risk factors, analyze the specific needs of the subjects and use a targeted preventive strategy. This paper investigates the influence of multidimensional health parameters on the fall risk of community-dwelling older people, living in inner areas of Marche Region (Italy). Multidimensional data on the global health of each individual has been collected among several health domains (i.e., mobility, psychological, nutritional, cardiological, social). Statistical analysis has been applied for the assessment of the relationship among the defined health variables and the influence on the fall risk. The binary logistical regression analysis has produced a statistical model with good characteristics of fit and good predictability. The following features have been proven to be strong predictors of fall: female (OR for Gender, 5.526; 95% CI, 1.49–20.53), limited range of movement (OR 3.278; 95% CI, 1.01-10.68), diabetes (OR 4.487; 95% CI, 1.02-19.80), previous syncope (OR 7.686; 95% CI, 1.01-58.55), and body mass index (OR 1.176; 95% CI, 1.03-1.35). Future work will allow the development of a fall prediction index to have a framework of the elder’s global health status and to define a personalized intervention strategy for any adverse event prevention.
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Belyaeva, A. V., N. I. Latyshevskaya, and L. A. Davydenko. "GENDER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LIFESTYLE AND HEALTH LEVEL OF TEACHERS OF THE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF PRE-RETIREMENT AND RETIREMENT AGE." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-63-67.
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Abstract: Today, the older generation is the fastest growing population in the world. At the same time, older people represent a significant labor resource. With the increase in the retirement age, the question of developing measures to preserve and strengthen the professional health of workers is becoming acute. Objective of the study: to assess the gender characteristics of the level of health and the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for the lifestyle of teachers of a medical university of pre-retirement and retirement age in order to develop measures to preserve the working capacity and professional qualifications of this contingent of workers. The study involved 169 teachers of a medical university aged 55-70 years. A complex of anthropometric measurements, blood pressure assessment was carried out. With the help of the author's questionnaire, behavioral health risk factors were studied. The assessment of the incidence rate was carried out based on the results of periodic medical examination of employees. Significant differences were revealed in most indicators of morpho-functional status, representing the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system in male teachers compared with female teachers. Male teachers are characterized by a high prevalence of behavioral risks and a low degree of implementation of the principles of a healthy lifestyle, which generally determines an increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Analysis of the gender characteristics of chronic pathology showed that at the time of the medical examination, more chronic diseases were revealed among women. Among men, deviations in laboratory tests were significantly more often detected and at the same time they did not go to doctors with symptoms that were associated with these changes, in contrast to women who undergo the necessary therapy prescribed by a doctor.
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Paramonova, S. V., N. N. Malyutina, and N. S. Sedinina. "PSYCHOVEGETATIVE PREREQUISITES FOR ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION SYNDROME INUNDERGROUND WORKERS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-393-397.
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Abstract: We examined 109 men working at а mining enterprise exposed to occupational and psychosocial factors. The patients were divided into two groups: the main group - 60 men working in underground conditions, the conditions are assigned to classes 3.3 - 3.4; comparison group - 49 men performing ground work, whose conditions are classified as 3.2. In connection with the established diagnosis of "Syndrome of arterial hypertension" in middle-aged people of the main group, it was divided into two subgroups in terms of age - people under 45 years old (n = 20, age 38.45 ± 2.95 years), and people older 45 years old (n = 40, age 50.90 ± 1.46 years.). Purpose: to study the prerequisites for the development of hypertension based on the psychovegetative status and some changes in the biochemical and functional indicators of the CVS, depending on the age-related changes in these indicators. Materials and methods: the patient underwent a study of the psycho-vegetative state with an assessment of the level of neuropsychic stress, personal and situational anxiety, attention function, subjective reflection of psycho-vegetative distress. The state of the cardiovascular system was investigated according to the results of functional and clinical laboratory diagnostics. Results: A decrease in attention, an increase in personal anxiety and an increase in the number of psychovegetative complaints were significantly more often detected in the group of patients with hypertension (OR 7.50; 95% CI 2.39-23.58; OR 11.06 95% - CI - 4.35 - 28.10; CI 22.50; 95% CI - 7.09 - 71.41). Adaptive psychovegetative phenotypes were distinguished in two subgroups. In patients over 45 years old, a negative relationship was established between age, experience and some parameters of psycho-vegetative status, as well as a direct relationship between these parameters and some indicators of homeostasis in the diagnosis of hypertension syndrome in 95% of patients in this subgroup. Conclusions: with an increase in age and experience, there is a transformation of the adaptive psychovegetative phenotype with an inversion of connections with psychovegetative parameters against the background of increased functional disorders of the cardiovascular system. Diagnostics of the transformation of this phenotype makes it possible to assess the risk of developing arterial hypertension and contributes to the prevention of hypertension by forming risk groups.
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Ettema, Roelof, Goran Gumze, Katja Heikkinen, and Kirsty Marshall. "European Integrated Care Horizon 2020: increase societal participation; reduce care demands and costs." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10175.
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BackgroundCare recipients in care and welfare are increasingly presenting themselves with complex needs (Huber et al., 2016). An answer to this is the integrated organization of care and welfare in a way that personalized care is the measure (Topol, 2016). The reality, however, is that care and welfare are still mainly offered in a standardized, specialized and fragmented way. This imbalance between the need for care and the supply of care not only leads to under-treatment and over-treatment and thus to less (experienced) quality, but also entails the risk of mis-treatment, which means that patient safety is at stake (Berwick, 2005). It also leads to a reduction in the functioning of citizens and unnecessary healthcare cost (Olsson et al, 2009).Integrated CareIntegrated care is the by fellow human beings experienced smooth process of effective help, care and service provided by various disciplines in the zero line, the first line, the second line and the third line in healthcare and welfare, as close as possible (Ettema et al, 2018; Goodwin et al, 2015). Integrated care starts with an extensive assessment with the care recipient. Then the required care and services in the zero line, the first line, the second line and / or the third line are coordinated between different care providers. The care is then delivered to the person (fellow human) at home or as close as possible (Bruce and Parry, 2015; Evers and Paulus, 2015; Lewis, 2015; Spicer, 2015; Cringles, 2002).AimSupport societal participation, quality of live and reduce care demand and costs in people with complex care demands, through integration of healthcare and welfare servicesMethods (overview)1. Create best healthcare and welfare practices in Slovenia, Poland, Austria, Norway, UK, Finland, The Netherlands: three integrated best care practices per involved country 2. Get insight in working mechanisms of favourable outcomes (by studying the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes) to enable personalised integrated care for meeting the complex care demand of people focussed on societal participation in all integrated care best practices.3. Disclose program design features and requirements regarding finance, governance, accountability and management for European policymakers, national policy makers, regional policymakers, national umbrella organisations for healthcare and welfare, funding organisations, and managers of healthcare and welfare organisations.4. Identify needs of healthcare and welfare deliverers for creating and supporting dynamic partnerships for integrating these care services for meeting complex care demands in a personalised way for the client.5. Studying desired behaviours of healthcare and welfare professionals, managers of healthcare and welfare organisations, members of involved funding organisations and national umbrella organisations for healthcare and welfare, regional policymakers, national policy makers and European policymakersInvolved partiesAlma Mater Europaea Maribor Slovenia, Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland, University Graz Austria, Kristiania University Oslo Norway, Salford University Manchester UK, University of Applied Sciences Turku Finland, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht The Netherlands (secretary), Rotterdam Stroke Service The Netherlands, Vilans National Centre of Expertise for Long-term Care The Netherlands, NIVEL Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, International Foundation of Integrated Care IFIC.References1. Berwick DM. The John Eisenberg Lecture: Health Services Research as a Citizen in Improvement. Health Serv Res. 2005 Apr; 40(2): 317–336.2. Bruce D, Parry B. Integrated care: a Scottish perspective. London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2015; 7(3): 44–48.3. Cringles MC. Developing an integrated care pathway to manage cancer pain across primary, secondary and tertiary care. International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2002 May 8;247279.4. Ettema RGA, Eastwood JG, Schrijvers G. Towards Evidence Based Integrated Care. International journal of integrated care 2018;18(s2):293. DOI: 10.5334/ijic.s22935. Evers SM, Paulus AT. Health economics and integrated care: a growing and challenging relationship. Int J Integr Care. 2015 Jun 17;15:e024.6. Goodwin N, Dixon A, Anderson G, Wodchis W. Providing integrated care for older people with complex needs: lessons from seven international case studies. King’s Fund London; 2014.7. Huber M, van Vliet M, Giezenberg M, Winkens B, Heerkens Y, Dagnelie PC, Knottnerus JA. Towards a 'patient-centred' operationalisation of the new dynamic concept of health: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 12;6(1):e010091. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-0100918. Lewis M. Integrated care in Wales: a summary position. London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2015; 7(3): 49–54.9. Olsson EL, Hansson E, Ekman I, Karlsson J. A cost-effectiveness study of a patient-centred integrated care pathway. 2009 65;1626–1635.10. Spicer J. Integrated care in the UK: variations on a theme? London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2015; 7(3): 41–43.11. Topol E. (2016) The Patient Will See You Now. The Future of Medicine Is in Your Hands. New York: Basic Books.