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Journal articles on the topic 'Older people Australia Nutrition'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

D'Cunha, Nathan, Jane Kellett, Stephen Isbel, Elizabeth Low, Stephanie Mulhall, Brittany Harriden, Felix Liu, et al. "Nutrition and Healthy Ageing Trajectories in Retirement Living in the Australian Capital Territory: Study Protocol." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab057_001.

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Abstract Objectives There are a growing number of people aged over 55 years living in retirement communities in Australia. These communities typically consist of accommodation, services and community facilities which cater to older people and the desire to maintain independence. The Nutrition and Healthy Ageing Trajectories in Retirement Living (NutriHAT-RL) study aims to investigate the nutrition and lifestyle-based behaviours which contribute to healthy ageing and the maintenance of social and physical functioning among older people living in retirement communities. Methods This study will recruit a total of 2,770 people aged 55 years or over living in retirement communities in the Australian Capital Territory and southern New South Wales regions of Australia for a four-year prospective longitudinal study commencing in March 2021. A range of measures, including nutritional intake, health and lifestyle behaviours, cognitive and psychological function, and physical health, will be completed on three occasions over a total of four years. Participants will complete a face-to-face comprehensive, validated food frequency questionnaire at each time point. Risk of malnutrition and nutritional behaviour (emotional appetite and intuitive eating) will also be evaluated. Multiple mental, social, and physical health domains will be assessed at each time point. This will include cognitive and mental health (depression, anxiety, and loneliness) screening, social and occupational functioning questionnaires, self-reported and observed physical function assessments, and sleep quality. Bitter taste endophenotype, salivary C-reactive protein, telomere length, and blood biomarkers associated with healthy ageing will also be evaluated. Results Ethics approval has been obtained through the University of Canberra Human Ethics Research Committee (UCHREC-2306). To reduce risk of COVID-19 transmissions, a risk mitigation plan has been developed. Conclusions The NutriHAT-RL study will be the first Australian longitudinal study with a focus on nutrition and healthy ageing in people living in retirement communities. Findings from this study will contribute to understanding of nutrition and healthy ageing in this growing population and will inform policy and practice related to nutrition and ageing in place. Funding Sources N/A.

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Begley, Andrea, Danielle Gallegos, and Helen Vidgen. "Effectiveness of Australian cooking skill interventions." British Food Journal 119, no. 5 (May 2, 2017): 973–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2016-0451.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of cooking skill interventions (CSIs) targeting adults to improve dietary intakes in public health nutrition settings. Design/methodology/approach A scoping review of the literature was used to identify and assess the quality and effectiveness of Australian single-strategy CSIs and multi-strategy programmes that included cooking for independent healthy people older than 16 years from 1992 to 2015. Findings There were only 15 interventions (n=15) identified for review and included CSIs as single strategies (n=8) or as part of multi-strategy programmes (n=7) over 23 years. The majority of the interventions were rated as weak in quality (66 per cent) due to their study design, lack of control groups, lack of validated evaluation measures and small sample sizes. Just over half (53 per cent) of the CSIs reviewed described some measurement related to improved dietary behaviours. Research limitations/implications There is inconclusive evidence that CSIs are effective in changing dietary behaviours in Australia. However, they are valued by policymakers and practitioners and used in public health nutrition programmes, particularly for indigenous groups. Originality/value This is the first time that CSIs have been reviewed in an Australian context and they provide evidence of the critical need to improve the quality CSIs to positively influence dietary behaviour change in Australia.

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Wang, Wei C., Anthony Worsley, and Victoria Hodgson. "Classification of main meal patterns – a latent class approach." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 12 (November 19, 2012): 2285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512004539.

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Relatively little examination of the meals that are prepared in households has been conducted, despite their well-defined properties and widespread community interest in their preparation. The purpose of the present study was to identify the patterns of main meal preparation among Australian adult household meal preparers aged 44 years and younger and 45 years and over, and the relationships between these patterns and likely socio-demographic and psychological predictors. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted by Meat and Livestock Australia among a representative sample of people aged 18–65 years in Australia in 2011. A total of 1076 usable questionnaires were obtained, which included categorical information about the main meal dishes that participants had prepared during the previous 6 months along with demographic information, the presence or absence of children at home, confidence in seasonal food knowledge and personal values. Latent class analysis was applied and four types of usage patterns of thirty-three popular dishes were identified for both age groups, namely, high variety, moderate variety, high protein but low beef and low variety. The meal patterns were associated differentially with the covariates between the age groups. For example, younger women were more likely to prepare a high or moderate variety of meals than younger men, while younger people who had higher levels of education were more likely to prepare high-protein but low-beef meals. Moreover, young respondents with higher BMI were less likely to prepare meals with high protein but low beef content. Among the older age group, married people were more likely to prepare a high or moderate variety of meals than people without partners. Older people who held strong universalist values were more likely to prepare a wide variety of meals with high protein but low beef content. For both age groups, people who had children living at home and those with better seasonal food knowledge were more likely to prepare a high variety of dishes. The identification of classes of meal users would enable health communication to be tailored to improve meal patterns. Moreover, the concept of meals may be useful for health promotion, because people may find it easier to change their consumption of meals rather than individual foods.

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Riley, Malcolm D., Jane Bowen, Debra Krause, Darren Jones, and Welma Stonehouse. "A survey of consumer attitude towards nutrition and health statements on food labels in South Australia." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 6, no. 12 (December 30, 2016): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i12.306.

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Background: For many decades, Australia has required a Nutrient Information Panel to be included on food packaging, usually on the back of products. Recently, two regulated, voluntary systems were introduced for use on food packaging in Australia: the Health Star Rating system and nutrient content and health claims. Nonetheless, the scope and potential for these new initiatives to achieve their purpose is partly depdendant on their perception by consumers. This report describes the results of a population based survey of South Australian adults about how various elements of food labels are used to inform their purchase decisions. Methods: A survey was conducted using a random stratified sampling technique in people aged 15 years and older in the Australian state of South Australia. All surveys were administered face-to-face to 3005 people between September 2015 and December 2015. Data was weighted by the inverse of the individual’s probability of selection, as well as the response rate in metropolitan and country regions and then reweighted to benchmarks from the June 2014 Estimated Resident Population calculated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results: The response rate for the survey was 57.3%. Most respondents to the survey rated their own dietary intake as ‘healthy’ (61.5%) or ‘extremely healthy’ (9.1%). Aside from price, country of origin was nominated as the most important information on the food label of a food bought for the first time (by 35.0%), followed by the ingredient list (21.6%) and claims about nutrition (20.9%). The response to this question was markedly different by age group, with almost half (48.3%) of those aged 55 years or over considering that country of origin was the most important information to look for. For the youngest age group (15-34 yrs), 28.4% considered the ingredient list was the most important information, 26.5% considered claims about nutrition to be most important, and 22.2% considered country of origin to be the most important information on the food label. The Nutrition Information Panel was used to guide the purchase decision for a new breakfast cereal by more than half of respondents (50.8%), while a statement on the front of the pack about how the food effects health was used to guide the purchase decision of only 8.9%. While only 22.1% disagreed (16.4% disagreed somewhat, 5.7% disagreed completely) with the statement that ‘the Nutrient Information Panel on food packaging is a trustworthy source of information,’ almost double the amount of subjects at 44.0% disagreed (36.1% disagreed somewhat, 17.9% disagreed completely) that ‘statements about health on food packaging are a trustworthy source of information.’ Conclusion: For South Australian adults, statements about health benefits of food on food packaging are viewed with much greater suspicion than the nutrient information panel. Attitudes towards food packaging varied more by age group than by sex of the respondent. For an unfamiliar food, country of origin is considered the most important information on food packaging by more than a third of adults. Keywords: Food packaging, Nutrition label, Front of Pack, Health Star, South Australia

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Laver, Kate, Emmanuel Gnanamanickam, Craig Whitehead, Susan Kurrle, Megan Corlis, Julie Ratcliffe, Wendy Shulver, and Maria Crotty. "Introducing consumer directed care in residential care settings for older people in Australia: views of a citizens’ jury." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 23, no. 3 (March 9, 2018): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819618764223.

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Objectives Health services worldwide are increasingly adopting consumer directed care approaches. Traditionally, consumer directed care models have been implemented in home care services and there is little guidance as to how to implement them in residential care. This study used a citizens’ jury to elicit views of members of the public regarding consumer directed care in residential care. Methods A citizens’ jury involving 12 members of the public was held over two days in July 2016, exploring the question: For people with dementia living in residential care facilities, how do we enable increased personal decision making to ensure that care is based on their needs and preferences? Jury members were recruited through a market research company and selected to be broadly representative of the general public. Results The jury believed that person-centred care should be the foundation of care for all older people. They recommended that each person’s funding be split between core services (to ensure basic health, nutrition and hygiene needs are met) and discretionary services. Systems needed to be put into place to enable the transition to consumer directed care including care coordinators to assist in eliciting resident preferences, supports for proxy decision makers, and accreditation processes and risk management strategies to ensure that residents with significant cognitive impairment are not taken advantage of by goods and service providers. Transparency should be increased (perhaps using technologies) so that both the resident and nominated family members can be sure that the person is receiving what they have paid for. Conclusions The views of the jury (as representatives of the public) were that people in residential care should have more say regarding the way in which their care is provided and that a model of consumer directed care should be introduced. Policy makers should consider implementation of consumer directed care models that are economically viable and are associated with high levels of satisfaction among users.

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Kirkman, Maggie, and Jane Fisher. "Promoting older women’s mental health: Insights from Baby Boomers." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): e0245186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245186.

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Optimal mental health underpins full social participation. As people age, they confront personal and cultural challenges, the effects of which on mental health are not fully understood. The aim of this research was to learn from women of the Baby Boomer generation (born 1946–1964) what contributes to and hinders their mental health and wellbeing. Eighteen women participated in qualitative interviews (in English); data were analysed thematically. Participants were located across Australia in rural and urban areas; not all were born in Australia. They were diverse in education, employment status, and experiences of life and ageing. The women nominated as the main contributors to poor mental health in older women Illness and disability, Financial insecurity, Maltreatment, and Loss and grief. Contributors to good mental health were identified as Social interdependence, Feeling valued, Physical activity, Good nutrition, and Having faith or belief. Women’s accounts supplied other influences on mental health, both associated with the person (Personality and Intimate relationships and sex) and with society (Constructs of ageing, Gender, and Culture). Women also specified what they needed from others in order to improve their mental health as they aged: Public education about ageing, Purposeful roles for older women in society, Adequate services and resources, and Sensitive health care. In sum, older women wanted to be treated with respect and for their lives to have meaning. It is evident from these results that circumstances throughout life can have profound influences on women’s mental health in older age. Anti-discriminatory policies, informed and inclusive health care, and social structures that support and enhance the lives of girls and women at all ages will therefore benefit older women and increase the potential for their continuing contribution to society. These conclusions have implications for policy and practice in well-resourced countries.

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Umakanthan, Marille, John Wing Li, Kamal Sud, Gustavo Duque, Daniel Guilfoyle, Kenneth Cho, Chris Brown, Derek Boersma, and Muralikrishna Gangadharan Komala. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sarcopenia in Patients on Maintenance Dialysis in Australia—A Single Centre, Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093284.

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Background: Sarcopenia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of sarcopenia in the dialysis population varies from 4% to 63%. However, the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in the Australian dialysis population remain uncertain. Aim: To study the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients on maintenance dialysis by using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: We evaluated adult patients on maintenance haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in this single-centre cross-sectional study in Australia. Patient’s clinical (age, gender, dialysis modality and diabetic status) and laboratory parameters (serum albumin, calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels) were investigated. We employed bioimpedance spectroscopy, hand grip dynamometer and the timed up and go test (TUG) to evaluate muscle mass, strength and function, respectively. Results: We evaluated 39 dialysis patients with a median age of 69 years old. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 18%. Sarcopenia was associated with low serum albumin (p = 0.02) and low serum phosphate level (p = 0.04). Increasing age and female sex were potential risk factors for sarcopenia (p = 0.05 and 0.08, respectively). Low lean muscle mass, reduced hand grip strength and prolonged TUG were present in 23.1%, 41% and 40.5%, respectively, of the cohort. The hand grip test had good correlation with lean muscle evaluation and the TUG. Conclusions: Sarcopenia was prevalent in 18% of maintenance haemodialysis patients from an Australian single-centre cohort, with low serum albumin and phosphate as significant risk factors.

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Hendrie, Gillian Anne, John Coveney, and David Cox. "Exploring nutrition knowledge and the demographic variation in knowledge levels in an Australian community sample." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 12 (December 2008): 1365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008003042.

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AbstractObjectivesExplore the level of general nutrition knowledge and demographic influences of knowledge levels in a community sample.Design and settingA sample of volunteers, recruited from community centres in two suburbs of differing socio-economic status, in Adelaide, South Australia.SubjectsTwo hundred and one people, aged 18 years and older, completed a modified and validated version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (113 items). The questionnaire was self-administered and completed under supervision.ResultsBasic messages about eating more fruit, vegetables and fibre, and less fatty and salty foods were best understood. Confusion was evident with more detailed nutrition information. For example, 90 % of the people were aware of the recommendations to eat more fruit and vegetables, but 56 % and 62 % knew the recommended number of servings of fruit and vegetables, respectively. Descriptive statistics showed significant demographic variation in nutrition knowledge levels; multiple regression analysis confirmed the significant independent effects of gender, age, highest level of education and employment status on nutrition knowledge level (P< 0·01 level). The model accounted for 40 % of the variance in nutrition knowledge scores.ConclusionsThere is demographic variation in nutrition knowledge levels and a broad lack of awareness of some public health nutrition recommendations. Having a detailed understanding of the deficiencies in community knowledge should allow for future nutrition education programmes to target subgroups of the population or particular areas of nutrition education, to more efficiently improve knowledge and influence dietary behaviour.

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Schumacher, Tracy L., Laura Alston, Luke Wakely, Rachel Latter, Kelly Squires, Susan Heaney, and Leanne J. Brown. "Characterizing the Health of Older Rural Australians Attending Rural Events: Implications for Future Health Promotion Opportunities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053011.

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This paper describes the health of older Australians (>65 years) attending rural events to inform health promotion interventions for rural populations. This cross-sectional study collected survey data and objective health measures between 2017 and 2020 at two events held in rural New South Wales, Australia. Participants included in the analysis were adults > 65 years of age. Data included demographic and health information, anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist circumference), and dietary and physical activity data. A total of 256 people > 65 years participated. Our sample, which was mostly male (59.0%), contained people aged between 66 and 75 years (72.3%). Participants lived in either a large rural (34.0%) or small rural town (22.3%), with low levels of education (60.9% did not complete high school). Dietary quality was rated as below average. All but 17.2% of the participants reported having a health condition. The risk of a health condition was associated with increasing age, lower education, and higher waist circumference, but not remoteness. Rural events may provide an opportunity to access, engage with, and understand the health of older rural Australians, especially males. They may offer ideal contexts for health and nutrition promotion opportunities in rural areas where access to health professionals is limited.

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Low, Elizabeth, Jane Kellett, Rachel Bacon, and Nenad Naumovski. "Food Habits of Older Australians Living Alone in the Australian Capital Territory." Geriatrics 5, no. 3 (September 18, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics5030055.

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The link between adequate nutrition and quality of life for older persons is well established. With the proportion of older adults increasing, policy regarding support and care for the ageing has shifted emphasis to keeping older adults in their homes for as long as possible. Risk of malnutrition is an issue of importance for this population and, while this risk is well researched within the hospital setting, it is still relatively under-researched within the community-dwelling elderly, particularly with respect to the lived experience. This qualitative study (underpinned by interpretative phenomenology philosophy) explores how the lived experiences of community-dwelling older people living in one-person households in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) influences dietary patterns, food choices and perceptions about food availability. Using purposeful and snowballing sampling, older people (65 years and over) living alone in the community participated in focus group discussions triangulated with their family/carers. Data were thematically analysed using a previously established approach. Participants (n = 22) were interviewed in three focus groups. Three themes were identified: active and meaningful community connectedness; eating well and behaviours to promote dietary resilience. Of these, community connectedness was pivotal in driving food patterns and choices and was a central component influencing behaviours to eating well and maintaining dietary resilience.

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Visvanathan, R. "Nutritional screening of older people in a sub-acute care facility in Australia and its relation to discharge outcomes." Age and Ageing 33, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afh078.

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Visvanathan, R. "Nutritional screening of older people in a sub-acute care facility in Australia and its relation to discharge outcomes." Age and Ageing 33, no. 4 (April 13, 2004): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afh176.

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Hosking, Diane, and Vanessa Danthiir. "Retrospective lifetime dietary patterns are associated with demographic and cardiovascular health variables in an older community-dwelling Australian population." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 11 (June 3, 2013): 2069–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451300144x.

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Dietary patterns derived from factor analytic procedures have been demonstrated to predict demographic and health outcomes across a wide range of populations. To examine the potential utility of long-term dietary recall, in the present study, we examined associations between dietary patterns from across the lifespan and demographic and later-life cardiovascular-related health variables, using the Lifetime Diet Questionnaire (LDQ). The LDQ is a self-administered, non-quantitative, retrospective FFQ designed to assess dietary intake from childhood to older age. Participants (n 352) from the Older People, Omega-3 and Cognitive Health trial, aged 65–91 years, completed the LDQ. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the LDQ and plausible dietary patterns were derived. As a result, three patterns were extracted from each life period, with five distinct patterns overall; these were ‘traditional Australian’ and ‘non-traditional Australian’, ‘high-sugar and high-fat’, ‘vegetable’ and ‘fruit and vegetable’ patterns. In separate adjusted regression models, age, sex, education, income, parental background and childhood physical activity all significantly predicted dietary patterns across the lifespan. A ‘traditional Australian’ pattern in childhood predicted higher HDL-cholesterol levels and lower odds of cholesterol medication use; lower HDL-cholesterol levels were predicted by the adult ‘processed, high-sugar and high-fat’ pattern, and higher intake of a ‘non-traditional Australian’ pattern in adulthood also predicted lower odds of using cardiac medications. Lifetime dietary recall, as instantiated by the LDQ, provides a hitherto untapped source of long-term dietary information in older adults that may contribute to greater understanding of the impact exerted by early-life and cumulative dietary choices on later-life health.

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Blair, Annaliese, Katrina Anderson, and Catherine Bateman. "The “Golden Angels”: effects of trained volunteers on specialling and readmission rates for people with dementia and delirium in rural hospitals." International Psychogeriatrics 30, no. 11 (August 13, 2018): 1707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218000911.

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ABSTRACTObjectives:Evaluate the clinical outcomes for patients with dementia, delirium, or at risk for delirium supported by the person-centered volunteer program in rural acute hospitals.Design:A non-randomized, controlled trial.Participants:Older adults admitted to seven acute hospitals in rural Australia. Intervention (n = 270) patients were >65 years with a diagnosis of dementia or delirium or had risk factors for delirium and received volunteer services. Control (n = 188) patients were admitted to the same hospital 12 months prior to the volunteer program and would have met eligibility criteria for the volunteer program, had it existed.Intervention:Trained volunteers provided 1:1 person-centered care with a focus on nutrition and hydration support, hearing and visual aids, activities, and orientation.Measures:Medical record audits provided data on volunteer visits, diagnoses, length of stay (LOS), behavioral incidents, readmission, specialling, mortality, admission to residential care, falls, pressure ulcers, and medication use.Results:Across all sites, there was a significant reduction in rates of 1:1 specialling and 28 day readmission for patients receiving the volunteer intervention. LOS was significantly shorter for the control group. There were no differences in other patient outcomes for the intervention and control groups.Conclusion:The volunteer intervention is a safe, effective, and replicable way to support older acute patients with dementia, delirium, or risk factors for delirium in rural hospitals. Further papers will report on cost effectiveness, family carer, volunteer, and staff experiences of the program.

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Zabetian-Targhi, Fateme, Velandai K. Srikanth, Richard Beare, Chris Moran, Wei Wang, Monique Breslin, Kylie J. Smith, and Michele L. Callisaya. "Adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines Is Not Associated with Brain Structure or Cognitive Function in Older Adults." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 6 (March 4, 2020): 1529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa052.

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ABSTRACT Background Cognitive dysfunction is common in older adults, particularly in those with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Higher adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is associated with better brain health. However, it is unclear if adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) is associated with cognition or brain structure in older adults. Objective The aims of this study were to 1) examine the relation between adherence to the ADG, cognition, and brain MRI and 2) determine whether T2D modifies any associations. Methods The Cognition and Diabetes in Older Tasmanians Study is a cross-sectional study in 688 people (n = 343 with T2D) aged 55–90 y. A validated 80-item food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Adherence to the 2013 ADG was estimated using the Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI). Cognitive function in multiple domains was assessed with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and brain structure with MRI. Multivariable linear models were used to assess the associations between DGI, cognitive z scores, and brain structure. Effect modification for T2D was examined with a DGI × T2D product term. Results The mean age of the sample was 69.9 y (SD: 7.4 y), with 57.1% men. The mean DGI was 54.8 (SD: 10.7; range: 24.1–84.6). No associations were observed between the Australian DGI and cognition or brain MRI measures. T2D did not modify any associations (P > 0.05). Conclusions This is the first study to investigate associations between adherence to the ADG and brain health in the older adults with and without T2D. Future prospective studies are required to clarify if there are long-term associations.

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Keuskamp, Dominic, Najith Amarasena, Madhan Balasubramanian, and David S. Brennan. "General health, wellbeing and oral health of patients older than 75 years attending health assessments." Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 2 (2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py17060.

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Annual health assessments by general practices for community-dwelling people aged 75 years and over are important for the early intervention and monitoring of chronic health conditions, including oral disease. Uptake of the health assessment to date has been poor, and little is known of the general and oral health profile of patients. Older patients attending health assessments at general practices in South Australia were sampled for this study. Data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and patients’ general and oral health, were collected by mailed questionnaire from 459 respondents. By comparison with national estimates, patients attending health assessments fared worse in many of the measures, such as self-rated general health, quality of life and the prevalence of most chronic conditions, as well as their socioeconomic circumstances. Also identified were a high degree of nutritional risk and clear need for oral health treatment, with poor self-rated oral health being three-fold higher than the national age-eligible population. Patients attending health assessments would likely benefit from nutritional screening (by a validated tool) and specific assessment of their oral health and dentition, supported by appropriate referral or intervention.

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BROWNING, COLETTE J., JOANNE C. ENTICOTT, SHANE A. THOMAS, and HAL KENDIG. "Trajectories of ageing well among older Australians: a 16-year longitudinal study." Ageing and Society 38, no. 8 (March 28, 2017): 1581–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000162.

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ABSTRACTIn this study we used individual differences concepts and analyses to examine whether older people achieve different ageing-well states universally or whether there are identifiable key groups that achieve them to different extents. The data used in the modelling were from a prospective 16-year longitudinal study of 1,000 older Australians. We examined predictors of trajectories for ageing well using self-rated health, psychological wellbeing and independence in daily living as joint indicators of ageing well in people aged over 65 years at baseline. We used group-trajectory modelling and multivariate regression to identify characteristics predicting ‘ageing well’. The results showed three distinct and sizeable ageing trajectory groups: (a) ‘stable-good ageing well’ (classified as ageing well in all longitudinal study waves; which was achieved by 30.2% of women and 28.0% of men); (b) ‘initially ageing well then deteriorating’ (50.5% women and 47.6% men); and (c) ‘stable-poor’ (not ageing well in any wave; 19.3% women and 24.4% men). Significant gender differences were found in membership in different ageing-well states. In the stable-poor groups there were 103/533 females which was significantly lower than 114/467 men (z-statistic = −2.6, p = 0.005); women had a ‘zero’ probability of progressing to a better ageing-well classification in later years, whilst males had a one-in-five probability of actually improving. Robust final state outcome predictors at baseline were lower age and fewer medical conditions for both genders; restful sleep and Australian-born for women; and good nutrition, decreased strain, non-smoker and good social support for men. These results support that ageing-well trajectories are influenced by modifiable factors. Findings will assist better targeting of health-promoting activities for older people.

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Tropea, Joanne, Bhasker Amatya, Caroline A. Brand, and The Expert Advisory Group. "Use of consensus methods to select clinical indicators to assess activities to minimise functional decline among older hospitalised patients." Australian Health Review 35, no. 4 (2011): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09790.

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Objectives. The study aimed to develop a set of clinical indicators to minimise the risk and adverse outcomes of functional decline in older hospitalised people. Methods. Existing Australian and international clinical indicators relevant to cognition and emotional health, mobility, vigour and self care, continence, nutrition, skin integrity, person-centred care, assessment and medication management were identified by literature and electronic website review. A multidisciplinary expert advisory group used modified Delphi methods, including two anonymous voting rounds and a group discussion, to gain consensus for a prioritised set of clinical indicators. For each indicator, experts voted on a scale of 1 (low level of prioritisation) to 9 (high level of prioritisation) based on measurement attributes and utility for use at the level of clinical teams, hospital managers and jurisdictional policy makers. Results. There were 55 existing clinical indicator sets identified, from which 63 relevant indicators were extracted. The final prioritised set covered all domains and included 19 indicators of which 17 were process indicators and 2 were outcome indicators. Scores for scientific measurement attributes and practicality for implementation were only moderate. Conclusion. These clinical indicators offer a consistent basis for monitoring hospital performance and improving care of older people in Victoria and other jurisdictions. What is known about the topic? Older hospitalised patients are at risk of functional decline and associated adverse outcomes such as falls and pressure ulcers. Clinical indicators to measure healthcare structures, processes and outcomes can be used to monitor quality of care among this vulnerable patient group. What does this paper add? This paper describes the process used to identify and select indicators for the Victorian government’s Council of Australian Governments Long Stay Older Persons initiative. It presents the use of a modified Delphi technique to gain group consensus for the indicator selection process; a technique being increasingly used in healthcare. What are the implications for practitioners? The indicators provide a set of measures that can be used by organisations, clinical teams and government level to assess the effect of quality improvement activities and initiatives aimed at minimising functional decline.

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Sambrook, P. N., J. S. Chen, L. M. March, I. D. Cameron, R. G. Cumming, S. R. Lord, J. Schwarz, and M. J. Seibel. "Serum Parathyroid Hormone Is Associated with Increased Mortality Independent of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Status, Bone Mass, and Renal Function in the Frail and Very Old: A Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 5477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0307.

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Abstract Very frail older people constitute an increasing proportion of the aging population and often have vitamin D deficiency and impaired renal function. Primary hyperparathyroidism has been associated with increased mortality, but it is unclear whether secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with increased mortality independent of renal function and vitamin D status. This study aimed to examine the effect of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism on mortality in frail older people after accounting for renal function and general measures of health. We evaluated 842 subjects (182 men with a mean age of 81.9 yr and 660 women with a mean age of 86.2 yr) living in residential aged care facilities in Sydney, Australia in a prospective, cohort study. Over a mean duration of follow-up of 31 months, 345 subjects died. Baseline serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, serum PTH, and bone ultrasound attenuation were significantly associated with mortality in univariate and multivariate analyses (for PTH, a hazard ratio of 1.39 for time to death) after correcting for age and gender. In multivariate analyses that corrected for health status, nutritional status, and renal function, PTH remained a significant predictor of mortality but not 25-hydroxy vitamin D or bone ultrasound attenuation. Serum PTH appears to be associated with increased mortality in the frail elderly independent of vitamin D status, renal function, bone mass, and measures of general health. The mechanism of this effect requires further investigation.

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Longman, Jo, Megan Passey, Judy Singer, and Geoff Morgan. "The role of social isolation in frequent and/or avoidable hospitalisation: rural community-based service providers’ perspectives." Australian Health Review 37, no. 2 (2013): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah12152.

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Background. Research on frequent or avoidable hospital admission has not focussed on the perspectives of service providers or rural settings. The link between social isolation and admission is not well explored, although social isolation is known to have negative health effects. Objective. This paper reports further analysis from a study investigating service providers’ perspectives on factors influencing frequent hospital admission in older patients with chronic disease, and explores the perceived role of social isolation. Methods. Semi-structured interviews with 15 purposively sampled community-based service providers in rural New South Wales, Australia were thematically analysed. Results. Social isolation was repeatedly identified as an important contributory factor in frequent and/or avoidable admission. Patients were described as socially isolated in three broad and interrelating ways: living alone, not socialising and being isolated from family. Social isolation was perceived to contribute to admission by limiting opportunities offered by social interaction, including opportunities for: improving mental health, pain tolerance and nutritional status; facilitating access to services; reinforcing healthful behaviours; and providing a monitoring role. Conclusions. Social isolation is perceived to contribute to admission in ways that may be amenable to intervention. Further research is needed to understand patients’ perspectives on the role of social isolation in admission, in order to inform policy and programs aimed at reducing hospitalisation among older people with chronic disease. What is known about the topic? Social isolation has been shown to adversely affect physical health and mental health and wellbeing across a range of populations. However, less is known about the influence of social isolation on hospital admission among older people with chronic disease, and in particular in instances where admission might have been avoided. What does this paper add? This paper adds to our understanding of the ways in which social isolation might link to hospital admission among older people with chronic conditions. It does this by reporting the perspectives of community-based service providers with many years’ experience of working with this patient group. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners need to consider the wider determinants of hospital admission among older patients with chronic disease, including social structures and support. For policy makers the implications are to review support for such patients and explore the possible impact of reducing social isolation on hospital admission.

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Atkinson, Louise F., and Michelle A. Palmer. "Purchase rates and energy content of nutritionally promoted and traditional fast foods purchased at lunchtime in Australia – a pilot study." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 3 (July 20, 2011): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011001480.

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AbstractObjectiveNutritionally promoted foods are now available at fast-food establishments. Little is known about their popularity, who is purchasing them, or their impact on dietary intake. Our study aimed to determine: how often nutritionally promoted fast foods were purchased; the demographic characteristics of people purchasing these foods; and if purchasing these foods resulted in reduced energy, and increased vegetable, content of lunches compared with those who purchased traditional fast foods.DesignA survey collecting lunchtime fast-food purchases and demographic details was administered over two months. Nutritionally promoted products included the McDonalds’ ‘Heart Foundation Tick Approved’ range and Subway's ‘Six grams of fat or less’ range. Energy and vegetable contents were estimated using information from fast-food companies’ websites. Differences in demographics, energy and vegetable contents between individuals purchasing nutritionally promoted and traditional lunches were assessed using χ2 and t tests.SettingQueensland, Australia.SubjectsLunchtime diners aged over 16 years at Subway and McDonalds.ResultsSurveys were collected from 927 respondents (58 % male, median age 25 (range 16–84) years; 73 % response rate). Only 3 % (n 24/910) of respondents who ordered a main option had purchased a nutritionally promoted item. Purchasers of nutritionally promoted foods were ∼13 years older, predominantly female (79 %), and more often reported involvement in a health-related profession (29 % v. 11 %) than purchasers of traditional foods (P < 0·05). Purchasers of nutritionally promoted foods ordered 1·5 fewer megajoules and 0·6 more vegetable servings than purchasers of traditional foods (P < 0·05).ConclusionsNutritionally promoted fast foods may reduce lunchtime energy content, however these foods were infrequently chosen.

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Macpherson, Helen, Sarah Brownell, Rachel L. Duckham, Barbara Meyer, Sam Mirzaee, and Robin M. Daly. "Multifaceted intervention to enhance cognition in older people at risk of cognitive decline: study protocol for the Protein Omega-3 and Vitamin D Exercise Research (PONDER) study." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e024145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024145.

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IntroductionAn increasing number of people are living with cognitive impairment and dementia. Current pharmacological therapies at best reduce Alzheimer’s disease symptomatology but do not delay dementia onset in those at high risk. Structured exercise interventions can enhance cognition in older people; however, to produce long lasting, clinically relevant cognitive benefits, it is proposed that a multifaceted approach incorporating exercise with dietary supplements will address a wider range of mechanisms involved in cognitive decline. The Protein Omega-3 aNd vitamin D Exercise Research (PONDER) study aims to investigate the cognitive effects of a multimodal exercise programme combined with nutritional supplementation in older adults with subjective memory impairment (SMI).Methods and analysisThe PONDER study is a single-centre, 12-month, community-based, parallel group, randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial involving a 6-month multifaceted intervention with a further 6-month follow-up. Participants will be 148 people from Melbourne, Australia, aged 60–85 years with SMI who will be randomised (1:1 ratio) to either a 6-month supervised multimodal exercise programme combined with omega-3 fatty acid, vitamin D and protein supplementation or a stretching/flexibility exercise programme combined with placebo supplements. The primary outcome is the change in cognition after 6 months as assessed by the Trail Making Test and global cognitive function assessed from the Cogstate Computerised battery. Secondary outcomes will include memory, working memory/learning and attention/psychomotor function, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, mood, quality of life, muscle strength, physical function, body composition, cardiovascular health and sleep quality. Cognition at 12 months will represent a secondary outcome.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee (project 2016–260). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The authors intend to submit the findings of the study to peer-reviewed journals or academic conferences to be published.Trial registration numberACTRN12616001549415; Pre-results.

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Pilotto, Alberto, Nicola Veronese, Julia Daragjati, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Maria Cristina Polidori, Francesco Mattace-Raso, Marc Paccalin, et al. "Using the Multidimensional Prognostic Index to Predict Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Older Persons: A Prospective, Multicenter, International Study." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 74, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 1643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly239.

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Abstract Background Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) is useful as a prognostic tool in hospitalized older patients, but our knowledge is derived from retrospective studies. We therefore aimed to evaluate in a multicenter, longitudinal, cohort study whether the MPI at hospital admission is useful to identify groups with different mortality risk and whether MPI at discharge may predict institutionalization, rehospitalization, and use of home care services during 12 months. Methods This longitudinal study, carried out between February 2015 and August 2017, included nine public hospitals in Europe and Australia. A standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment including information on functional, nutritional, cognitive status, risk of pressure sores, comorbidities, medications, and cohabitation status was used to calculate the MPI and to categorize participants in low, moderate, and severe risk of mortality. Data regarding mortality, institutionalization, rehospitalization, and use of home care services were recorded through administrative information. Results Altogether, 1,140 hospitalized patients (mean age 84.1 years, women = 60.8%) were included. In the multivariable analysis, compared to patients with low risk group at admission, patients in moderate (odds ratio [OR] = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.79–6.17; p < .001) and severe risk (OR = 10.72, 95% CI: 5.70–20.18, p < .0001) groups were at higher risk of overall mortality. Among the 984 older patients with follow-up data available, those in the severe-risk group experienced a higher risk of overall mortality, institutionalization, rehospitalization, and access to home care services. Conclusions In this cohort of hospitalized older adults, higher MPI values are associated with higher mortality and other negative outcomes. Multidimensional assessment of older people admitted to hospital may facilitate appropriate clinical and postdischarge management.

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Leigh, L., J. E. Byles, and C. Jagger. "BMI and healthy life expectancy in old and very old women." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 4 (June 16, 2016): 692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516002403.

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AbstractThere is conflicting evidence for the effect of BMI on mortality at older ages, and little information on its effect on healthy life expectancy (HLE). Longitudinal data were from the 1921–1926 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (n 11 119), over 18 years of follow-up. Self-rated health status was measured at each survey, and BMI was measured at baseline. Multi-state models were fitted to estimate the effect of BMI on total life expectancy (TLE) and HLE. Compared with women of normal weight, overweight women at the age of 75 years had similar TLE but fewer years healthy (−0·79; 95 % CI −1·21, −0·37) and more years unhealthy (0·99; 95 % CI 0·56, 1·42). Obese women at the age of 75 years lived fewer years in total than normal-weight women (−1·09; 95 % CI −1·77, −0·41), and had more unhealthy years (1·46; 95 % CI 0·97, 1·95 years). Underweight women had the lowest TLE and the fewest years of healthy life. Women should aim to enter old age at a normal weight and in good health, as the slight benefit on mortality of being overweight is offset by spending fewer years healthy. All outcomes were better for those who began in good health. The relationship between weight and HLE has important implications for nutrition for older people, particularly maintenance of lean body mass and prevention of obesity. The benefit of weight loss in obese older women remains unclear, but we support the recommendation that weight-loss advice be individualised, as any benefits may not outweigh the risks in healthy obese older adults.

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Gandy, J. "Nutrition in older people." Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 22, no. 6 (December 2009): 491–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277x.2009.01014.x.

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Wynne, Amanda. "Nutrition in older people." Nutrition & Food Science 99, no. 5 (October 1999): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659910277641.

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McCormack, John, Alun C. Jackson, and Shane A. Thomas. "Gambling and older people in Australia." Australasian Journal on Ageing 22, no. 3 (September 2003): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2003.tb00481.x.

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Ullrich, Sandra, Helen McCutcheon, and Barbara Parker. "Undernutrition in older people in Australia." British Journal of Nursing 24, no. 7 (April 9, 2015): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2015.24.7.364.

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Murray, Carla. "Improving nutrition for older people." Nursing Older People 18, no. 6 (July 1, 2006): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nop.18.6.18.s11.

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Clegg, Miriam E., and Elizabeth A. Williams. "Optimizing nutrition in older people." Maturitas 112 (June 2018): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.04.001.

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MCCORMACK, JOHN. "Acute hospitals and older people in Australia." Ageing and Society 22, no. 5 (September 2002): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x02008802.

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The Australian health care system is frequently portrayed as being in crisis, with reference to either large financial burdens in the form of hospital deficits, or declining service levels. Older people, characterised as a homogeneous category, are repeatedly identified as a major contributor to the crisis, by unnecessarily occupying acute beds while they await a vacancy in a residential facility. Several enquiries and hospital taskforce management groups have been set up to tackle the problem. This article reviews their findings and strategic recommendations, particularly as they relate to older people. Short-term policy responses are being developed which specifically target older people for early discharge and alternative levels of care, and which, while claiming positive intentions, may introduce new forms of age discrimination into the health system. Few of the currently favoured proposals promote age-inclusivity and older people's rights to equal access to acute care.

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CARTWRIGHT, C. M. "Affordable Rental Housing for Older People in Australia: What Do Older People Want?" Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1114, no. 1 (October 1, 2007): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1396.036.

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Miranti, Riyana, and Peng Yu. "Why Social Exclusion Persists among Older People in Australia." Social Inclusion 3, no. 4 (July 24, 2015): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i4.214.

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The existing literature on social exclusion among older people, though relatively limited, suggests that disadvantage among older people is cumulative in nature. Some aspects of disadvantage starting at early life stages have long-term consequences. As such, older people with disadvantages may be subject to higher risks of persistent social exclusion. This article aims to improve understanding of social exclusion and its persistence among senior Australians in three ways. Firstly, the incidence of social exclusion among older people is analysed using selected indicators. Secondly, the study examines whether an older person experiencing social exclusion at one time is more likely to experience it again (persistence). Thirdly, it investigates what factors may be protecting older people from social exclusion. The analysis is conducted using the first eight waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. The sample of older people is disaggregated into a younger group (55–64 years at wave 1) and an older group (65+ years). The article suggests that higher education and income, as well as better health conditions and previous employment experiences, are important protective factors from social exclusion for older Australians.

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Cole, Delwyn. "Optimising nutrition for older people with dementia." Nursing Standard 26, no. 20 (January 18, 2012): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2012.01.26.20.41.c8883.

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Watson, Roger. "Editorial: Nutrition and older people with dementia." Journal of Clinical Nursing 20, no. 3-4 (January 11, 2011): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03268.x.

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Cole, Delwyn. "Optimising nutrition for older people with dementia." Nursing Standard 26, no. 20 (January 18, 2012): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.26.20.41.s49.

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Ojo, Omorogieva. "Optimising nutrition for older people with constipation." Nursing and Residential Care 19, no. 8 (August 2, 2017): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2017.19.8.440.

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Walls, Angus W. G., Jimmy G. Steele, Aubrey Sheiham, Wagner Marcenes, and Paula J. Moynihan. "Oral Health and Nutrition in Older People." Journal of Public Health Dentistry 60, no. 4 (December 2000): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03339.x.

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KENDIG, HAL, WATARU KOYANO, TATSUTO ASAKAWA, and TAKATOSHI ANDO. "Social support of older people in Australia and Japan." Ageing and Society 19, no. 2 (March 1999): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99007278.

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Comparable networks surveys identified the informal relationships which provide social support to older people in urban Japan, provincial Japan, and urban Australia. Spouses, daughters, and sons were major providers of expressive support in all areas. Older Australians had more expressive support from friends while older Japanese had more instrumental support from daughters-in-law. The gender of the older people and their close ties were highly significant in all areas. The many similarities in the social support patterns contrast sharply with East and West differences in cultural prescripts and living arrangements. In these two advanced countries with long life expectancies and high living standards, older people's interpersonal relationships may be converging on the basis of selective affection and choice, rather than obligation, with individuals in and beyond the household and family.

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VISVANATHAN, Renuka. "Undernutrition and housebound older people." Nutrition & Dietetics 66, no. 4 (December 2009): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0080.2009.01377.x.

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&NA;. "Eating Well for Older People." Nutrition Today 39, no. 5 (September 2004): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-200409000-00004.

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Rota-Bartelink, Alice, and Bryan Lipmann. "Causes of homelessness among older people in Melbourne, Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 31, no. 3 (June 2007): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2007.00057.x.

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Gariballa, Salah. "Nutrition and older people: special considerations relating to nutrition and ageing." Clinical Medicine 4, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.4-5-411.

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Donnelly, Geraldine, Lauren Wentworth, and Martin J. Vernon. "Nutrition, older people and the end of life." Clinical Medicine 13, Suppl 6 (December 2013): s9—s14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.13-6-s9.

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Best, Carolyn, and Helen Hitchings. "Improving nutrition in older people in acute care." Nursing Standard 29, no. 47 (July 22, 2015): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.47.50.e9873.

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Buttriss, Judy. "Nutrition in older people – the public health message." Nutrition Bulletin 24, no. 1 (March 1999): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.1999.tb01135.x.

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Copeman, June, and Karen Hyland. "Nutrition in older people: a dietitian's perspective (annexe)." Nutrition Bulletin 24, no. 1 (March 1999): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.1999.tb01136.x.

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Yadigar, S., H. Yavuzer, S. Yavuzer, M. Cengiz, M. Yürüyen, A. Döventaş, and D. S. Erdinçler. "Primary sarcopenia in older people with normal nutrition." Journal of nutrition, health & aging 20, no. 3 (June 23, 2015): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12603-015-0562-4.

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CAMPBELL, WAYNE W. "Dietary Protein Requirements of Older People." Nutrition Today 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-199609000-00002.

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Healy, Judith. "The Care of Older People: Australia and the United Kingdom." Social Policy and Administration 36, no. 1 (February 2002): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9515.00266.

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