Academic literature on the topic 'Old wheat varietie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Old wheat varietie"
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Løes, Anne-Kristin, Randi B. Frøseth, Jon Arne Dieseth, Josefine Skaret, and Caroline Lindö. "What should organic farmers grow: heritage or modern spring wheat cultivars?" Organic Agriculture 10, S1 (May 29, 2020): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00301-7.
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AbstractTo achieve a complete organic value chain, we need organic seed from cultivars adapted to organic growing. A separate breeding for organic growing is difficult to achieve in small markets. Many breeding goals are equal for organic and conventional cereals, and cultivars failing to qualify as a commercial variety for conventional growing may possibly perform well in organic growing, with different regimes of fertilisation and plant protection. A field trial was conducted over 2 years to compare 25 cultivars of spring wheat, ranging from one land race and some old varieties released between 1940 and 1967, to modern market varieties and breeding lines. Grain yield, agronomic characteristics and grain and flour quality, including mineral content, were recorded. The performance of the 20 most interesting cultivars in artisan bread baking was measured, as were sensory attributes in sourdough bread from six cultivars. Modern varieties and breeding lines gave higher yields and had larger kernels, better grain filling, higher falling numbers and higher SDS-sedimentation volumes compared with old cultivars. The old cultivars, on average, had higher concentrations of minerals, although the growing site had a strong effect on mineral concentrations. Bread from modern cultivars performed best in a baking test. Several sensory attributes such as juiciness, chew resistance, firmness, acid taste and vinegar odour varied significantly between the six tested cultivars. Land races and old varieties have an important cultural value, and many consumers are willing to pay a premium price for such products. This will be required since yield levels are often considerably lower, especially with humid weather conditions at harvest.
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ScottiCampos, P., J. Semedo, I. Pais, M. Oliveira, J. Passarinho, and J. Ramalho. "Heat tolerance of Portuguese old bread wheat varieties." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 26, no. 2 (2014): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v26i2.16761.
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Gurova, T. A., E. A. Svezhintseva, and N. E. Chesnochenko. "Cross-adaptation of wheat seedlings in hyperthermia and infection with Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 957, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/957/1/012008.
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Abstract The article presents the results of studies of adaptive reactions of 10-day-old seedlings of wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 18, Novosibirskaya 44, Sibirskaya 21 and Omskaya 18 under combined stress. It was found that the preliminary hyperthermia of the seeds increased the resistance of seedlings by the type of cross-adaptation to the subsequent action of B. sorokiniana (decrease in EC to 71,9 %, DI to 29,7 %, inhibition of biomass accumulation and growth to 95,4 %). The varietal specificity of the formation of adaptive reactions under the combined action of stressors was revealed. The protective effect of hyperthermia is most pronounced in the varieties Novosibirskaya 18 and Omskaya 18.
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Vida, G., L. Szunics, M. Gál, O. Veisz, and Z. Bedő. "Comparison of two wheat powdery mildew differential sets in seedling tests." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10510-pps.
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Two wheat powdery mildew differential sets were tested in the seedling stage in the 2001/2002 season using 192 monoisolates. The data of genotypes carrying the same Pm gene in different genetic backgrounds were compared. Both varieties with gene Pm8 (Salzmünde14/44 and Disponent) were infected by all the isolates. Less than 10% of the isolates gave different responses on varieties with genes Pm2 and Pm3c (6 and 16, respectively). It is doubtful whether the degree of infection of genotypes carrying genes Pm1, Pm4b, Pm5, Pm6 or Pm7 can be compared, while it is completely impossible to compare the data for varieties from the old and new sets carrying genes Pm3a, Pm3b and Pm4a.
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Giacosa, Attilio, Gabriella Peroni, and Mariangela Rondanelli. "Phytochemical Components and Human Health Effects of Old versus Modern Italian Wheat Varieties: The Case of Durum Wheat Senatore Cappelli." Nutrients 14, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14132779.
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The Mediterranean diet has significant beneficial health effects and wheat is a major component of the Mediterranean diet, mainly in the form of bread and pasta. Modern wheat generally refers to varieties that were developed after the introduction of dwarfing genes in the 1950s, while old varieties are considered those developed before that time. Research findings on Italian wheat varieties showed that the total polyphenol content in both old and modern durum and soft wheat varieties are similar; but the old varieties have a higher number of polyphenols and of isomer forms. In particular, the durum wheat Senatore Cappelli genotype shows a very high variety of polyphenolic components. Recent studies have demonstrated healthy cardiovascular effects (favorable changes of atherosclerosis markers such as lipid parameters and hemorheological variables) as well as a marked reduction in gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms in non-celiac gluten sensitivity subjects with the consumption of pasta obtained by old durum wheat Senatore Cappelli variety, even though this type of wheat contains high amounts of gluten. In conclusion, old wheat Italian varieties, and in particular the Senatore Cappelli genotype, are characterized by multiple nutraceutical specificities that could suggest their use for health-promoting purposes. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings, focusing attention also on the effect of different environments and years.
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Austin, R. B., Margaret A. Ford, and C. L. Morgan. "Genetic improvement in the yield of winter wheat: a further evaluation." Journal of Agricultural Science 112, no. 3 (June 1989): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600085749.
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SummaryField experiments comparing 13 winter wheat varieties representing very old, old, intermediate and modern groups were carried out over three seasons. The experimental sites were on soils of high fertility and weeds, diseases and pests were controlled by applications of proprietary agrochemicals. Lodging was prevented by supporting the plants with coarse-mesh netting.The average yield of all varieties over the three harvest years 1984, 1985 and 1986 was 7·7 t/ha (at 15% moisture content). Compared with the very old varieties which were grown by farmers during the 19th century, the modern varieties gave 59% more grain, had 14% more ears/m2 and 30% more grains per ear, but a similar mean grain mass. The modern varieties yielded slightly more biomass (total above-ground dry matter at harvest), were much shorter and reached anthesis about 6 days earlier than the older ones. In 1984, when the yields were greater than in 1985 and 1986, the yield advantage of the modern varieties was more in percentage and absolute terms than in the other years. Also, in 1984, the differences between the very old and the modern varieties in biomass was the greatest.The genetic gain in yield measured in these experiments is compared with those estimated for other countries and reasons for the variation are discussed.
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Herlina, Lina, and Bonjok Istiaji. "Respon Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Gandum terhadap Hama Gudang Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 19, no. 2 (October 11, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v19n2.2013.p89-101.
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<p>Resistance Response of Several Wheat Varieties Against Pest of Stored Product, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). Lina Herlina and Bonjok Istiaji. Since Sitophilus zeamais still become the major pest of wheat as stored product. Twelve varieties of wheat were evaluated for their resistance to the infestation of S. zeamais. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Insect Specimen Collection of Indonesian Center for Agriculture Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) from September 2011 to February 2012. Grains of each 12 varieties of wheat was weighed for 5 grams and placed into a plastic bottle. Six female imagos of S. zeamais (1 week old) were introduced into the bottle contained 5 grams of wheat grains. After seven days, all the insects were removed. Observation were done to count the dead and life insects after introduction. The number of larvae emerged from eggs were calculated and weighed daily. Grain weight of each variety was also weighed, the broken and intact seeds were counted and recorded at the end of the infestation. Research were conducted in randomly complete design using one factor, that was twelve varieties of wheat each were replicated three times. The result showed that the highest mortality of the pest were in Perdix, while the lowest were that in Anemos, Combi, and Nandu (0-16.7%). The highest fertility of the pests were found in the Anemos and SW Triso, while the lowest were there in Picallo (14.33-47.67 insects). Anemos was known to be variety with the highest insects population weight, while the Picallo was the variety that inhibited insect population (0.0161-0.0544 g). The longest of insect development periods was on Combi, the shortest was on Sweta (51.33-64.33 days). The shortest median development time was in the Anemos and the longest was in the Sit Nortrend (37.33-44 days). The highest percentage of seed damage and yield loss were in the Anemos, while the lowest were Picallo and Madonna. ANOVA at 5% showed no significant different for all parameters observed on the tested varieties. Resistance classification based on the indexes of Modification, Pointe and Dobie recorded that the most resistant varieties were Picallo and Pasadena.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Sitophilus zeamais masih menjadi hama utama pada produk pascapanen. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Koleksi Spesimen Serangga BB Biogen dari September 2011 sampai Februari 2012 untuk mengevaluasi ketahanan 12 varietas gandum terhadap infestasi S. zeamais. Biji 12 varietas masingmasing ditimbang 5 g dan dimasukkan ke dalam botol plastik, kemudian diintroduksikan enam imago betina S. zeamais berumur seminggu. Setelah tujuh hari, seluruh serangga dikeluarkan, dihitung yang mati dan yang masih hidup. Jumlah larva (progeni F1) yang muncul dari telur diamati dan dihitung setiap hari. Berat gandum tiap varietas ditimbang pada akhir percobaan. Biji yang berlubang maupun yang masih utuh dihitung dan dicatat. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor, yaitu jenis varietas gandum sebanyak 12 varietas, masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas larva tertinggi ditemukan pada varietas Perdix, sedangkan terendah pada Anemos, Combi, dan Nandu (kisaran 0-16,7%). Fertilitas tertinggi ditemukan pada Anemos dan SW Triso, sedangkan terendah pada Picallo (kisaran 14,33-47,67 ekor). Bobot tertinggi larva serangga ditemukan pada Anemos, terendah pada Picallo (kisaran 0,0161- 0,0544 g). Perkembangan serangga terlama ditemukan pada Combi dan terpendek pada varietas Sweta (kisaran 51,33-64,33 hari). Waktu paruh terpendek pada varietas Anemos dan terpanjang pada varietas Sit Nortrend (kisaran 37,33-44 hari). Kerusakan biji maupun kehilangan hasil tertinggi pada varietas Anemos, sedangkan terendah pada Picallo dan Madonna. Hasil ANOVA pada taraf 5% menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan dari seluruh varietas terhadap semua parameter yang diamati. Berdasarkan indeks Modif, Pointe maupun Dobie, varietas yang paling tahan adalah Picallo dan Pasadena.</p>
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Fiore, Maria Carola, Sebastiano Blangiforti, Giovanni Preiti, Alfio Spina, Sara Bosi, Ilaria Marotti, Antonio Mauceri, Guglielmo Puccio, Francesco Sunseri, and Francesco Mercati. "Elucidating the Genetic Relationships on the Original Old Sicilian Triticum Spp. Collection by SNP Genotyping." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 13378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113378.
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Several Triticum species spread in cultivation in Sicily and neighboring regions over the centuries, which led to the establishment of a large genetic diversity. Many ancient varieties were widely cultivated until the beginning of the last century before being replaced by modern varieties. Recently, they have been reintroduced in cultivation in Sicily. Here, the genetic diversity of 115 and 11 accessions from Sicily and Calabria, respectively, belonging to Triticum species was evaluated using a high-density SNP array. Einkorn, emmer, and spelta wheat genotypes were used as outgroups for species and subspecies; five modern varieties of durum and bread wheat were used as references. A principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) showed four distinct groups among Triticum species and T. turgidum subspecies. The population structure analysis distinguished five gene pools, among which three appeared private to the T. aestivum, T. turgidum subsp. Turgidum, and ‘Timilia’ group. The principal component analysis (PCA) displayed a bio-morphological trait relationship of a subset (110) of ancient wheat varieties and their wide variability within the T. turgidum subsp. durum subgroups. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and phylogenetic analyses applied to the four durum wheat subgroups revealed that the improved varieties harbored a different gene pool compared to the most ancient varieties. The ‘Russello’ and ‘Russello Ibleo’ groups were distinguished; both displayed higher genetic variability compared to the ‘Timilia’ group accessions. This research represents a comprehensive approach to fingerprinting the old wheat Sicilian germplasm, which is useful in avoiding commercial fraud and sustaining the cultivation of landraces and ancient varieties.
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Annison, G. "Polysaccharide composition of Australian wheats and the digestibility of their starches in broiler chicken diets." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 2 (1990): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900183.
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The polysaccharide compositions of 20 wheat varieties from New South Wales and Western Australia were determined. Mean pentosan and �-glucan contents ranged from 5.7 1 to 8.18% and from 0.61 to 0.87% respectively, on a dry matter basis. Starch contents ranged from 61.5 to 68.9% and the wheat starches were between 21.1 and 31.8% amylose. The starch digestibility of the wheats was found to be independent of the levels or composition of the polysaccharides when assayed using 5-week-old broiler chickens.
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Jirillo, Emilio, Tommaso Carone, and Renato Toffanin. "Exploitation of Old Wheat Properties for Prevention of Human Disease." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 6 (June 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200605.
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Cereals occupy an important place in the Mediterranean diet pyramid and carbohydrates derived from whole grains seem to exert a beneficial role. In this context, some ancient wheat varieties such as khorasan wheat ( Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum) may offer unique nutritional and functional properties to prevent human disease. The current paper reviews specific features of dietary carbohydrates focussing the attention on khorasan wheat and its major potential health benefits once regularly introduced in the diet.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Old wheat varietie"
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Mancini, Marco. "Agronomic techniques for precision management of field crops." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1275132.
Full textBooks on the topic "Old wheat varietie"
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Barrett, Judy. What makes heirloom plants so great?: Old-fashioned treasures to grow, eat, and admire. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2010.
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Higgins, Teri, and Catherine Fowler. Epistolary Entanglements in Film, Media and the Visual Arts. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729666.
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This collection departs from the observation that online forms of communication—the email, blog, text message, tweet—are actually haunted by old epistolary forms: the letter and the diary. By examining the omnipresence of writing across a variety of media, the collection adds the category of Epistolary Screens to genres of self-expression, both literary (letters, diaries, auto-biographies) and screenic (romance dramas, intercultural cinema, essay films, artists’ videos and online media). The category Epistolary encapsulates an increasingly paradoxical relation between writing and the self: first, it describes selves that are written in graphic detail via letters, diaries, blogs, texts, emails and tweets; second, it acknowledges that absence complicates communication, bringing people together in an entangled rather than ordered way. The collection concerns itself with the changing visual/textual texture of screen media and examines what is at stake for our understanding of self-expression when it takes Epistolary forms.
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Spalding, Susan Eike. Afterword. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038549.003.0009.
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This book has explored what has given life and meaning to old time dancing in six communities in Eastern Kentucky, Northeast Tennessee, and Southwest Virginia in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Through interviews, it has identified a variety of circumstances responsible for the appearance of dancing in these dance communities, and the ways that residents of each community experienced and responded to industrialization and other societal changes. It has also examined how decisions made by individuals and groups shaped dancing and how decision making was affected by factors such as culture and cultural exchange. Finally, it has discussed the decline and revival of old time dancing in the six communities as well as change and continuity as evidence of the power of local tradition in the Appalachian region. The book concludes with an afterword, which expresses the hope that all six stories will stimulate thinking and exploration and pave the way for future projects on American dance traditions.
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Rutter, Carol Chillington. Shakespeare for Dummies. Edited by James C. Bulman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687169.013.40.
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One of the more surprising developments in the performance of Shakespeare across England over the past decade is the number of puppets who’ve appeared in the casting, sometimes in productions made for children (Macbeth at Little Angel; The Tempest, Little Angel/RSC); sometimes in productions made for adults (A Midsummer Night’s Dream at both Bristol Old Vic/Handspring and Krymov Laboratory; Propeller’s Richard III designed by Michael Pavelka). This chapter examines seven productions to give a sense of the variety of puppet performances on offer and to discover something about the effect of casting puppets: what puppets do, what they bring to performance, and how they act upon Shakespeare to make audiences ‘see new’, see differently. Through its discoveries, it makes a stab at theorizing how puppets behaves in the field of representation on postmodern Shakespearean stages and identifies ‘genealogies of performance’ that connect the puppets with their performances.
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Basl, John. The Death of the Ethic of Life. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923877.001.0001.
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According to the ethic of life, all living organisms are of special moral importance. Living things, unlike simple artifacts or biological collectives, are not mere things whose value is entirely instrumental. This book articulates why the ethic is immune to most of the standard criticisms raised against it, but also why such an ethic is untenable, why the domain of moral concern does not extend to all living things; it argues for an old conclusion in an entirely new way. To see why the ethic must be abandoned requires that we look carefully at the foundations of the ethic—the ways in which it is tightly connected to issues in the philosophy of biology and the sorts of assumptions it must draw on to distinguish the living from the nonliving. This book draws on resources from a variety of branches of philosophy and the sciences to show that the ethic cannot survive this scrutiny, and it articulates what the death of the ethic of life means in a variety of areas of practical concern, including environmental ethics, biomedical ethics, ethics of technology, and in philosophy more generally.
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Goodman, Nan. The Manufactured Millennium. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642822.003.0004.
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The Puritans reconceptualized the millennium—their vision of peace in the world to come. As a religiously inspired end-of-the-world scenario, most political and legal historians see the millennium as the product of Christian universalism, whose exclusionary and apocalyptic nature the law of nations was designed to overcome. Looking closely at its changing profile among late seventeenth-century Puritans, we find that the millennium developed in parallel with and was informed by the cosmopolis that stood geopolitically and hermeneutically at the center of the law of nations. Once described in abstract terms lacking spatial specificity, the reorganized geopolitical millennium appears in three book-length sermons by Cotton Mather and includes a variety of jurisdictions in what the West had considered newly discovered territories, such as the New World colonies, as well as newly appreciated old territories, such as the Ottoman Empire, giving it many of the attributes of a cosmopolis itself.
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Phelpstead, Carl. An Introduction to the Sagas of Icelanders. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066516.001.0001.
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An Introduction to the Sagas of Icelanders provides new perspectives on a unique medieval literary genre: the Sagas of Icelanders (also known in English as Family Sagas). The book deepens our understanding both of the Old Norse-Icelandic texts and of our responses to them by attending to the ways in which the texts work as narratives of identity. It offers a fresh account of the sagas by relating them to questions addressed by postcolonial studies, feminist and queer theory, and ecocriticism, approaches that are currently more familiar in other areas of literary study than in the study of Old Norse-Icelandic literature. The book begins by examining what an Icelandic saga is, and then goes on to discuss the origins of the genre, describing its historical contexts and arguing that a rich variety of oral and written source traditions combined to produce a new literary form. The book then examines issues of national, religious, and legal identity, gender and sexuality, and the relations between human beings, nature, and the supernatural. Readings of selected individual sagas show how the various source traditions and thematic concerns of the genre interact in the most widely read and admired sagas. A brief history of the translation of the sagas into English shows how consistently translation has been inspired by, and undertaken in accordance with, beliefs about identity. The book’s conclusion draws together the preceding chapters by underlining how they have presented the sagas of Icelanders as narrative explorations of identity and alterity.
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Monod, David. Vaudeville and the Making of Modern Entertainment, 1890-1925. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469660554.001.0001.
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Today, vaudeville is imagined as a parade of slapstick comedians, blackface shouters, coyly revealed knees, and second-rate acrobats. But vaudeville was also America's most popular commercial amusement from the mid-1890s to the First World War; at its peak, 5 million Americans attended vaudeville shows every week. Telling the story of this pioneering art form's rise and decline, David Monod looks through the apparent carnival of vaudeville performance and asks: what made the theater so popular and transformative? Although he acknowledges its quirkiness, Monod makes the case that vaudeville became so popular because it offered audiences a guide to a modern urban lifestyle. Vaudeville acts celebrated sharp city styles and denigrated old-fashioned habits, showcased new music and dance moves, and promulgated a deeply influential vernacular modernism. The variety show's off-the-rack trendiness perfectly suited an era when goods and services were becoming more affordable and the mass market promised to democratize style, offering a clear vision of how the quintessential twentieth-century citizen should look, talk, move, feel, and act.
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Tackett, Timothy. The Glory and the Sorrow. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197557389.001.0001.
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The book describes the life and the world of a small-time lawyer, Adrien-Joseph Colson, who lived in central Paris from the end of the Old Regime through the first eight years of the French Revolution. It is based on over a thousand letters written by Colson about twice a week to his best friend living in the French province of Berry. By means of this correspondence, and of a variety of other sources, the book examines what it was like for an “ordinary citizen” to live through extraordinary times, and how Colson, in his position as a “social and cultural intermediary,” can provide insight into the life of a whole neighborhood on the central Right Bank, both before and during the Revolution. It explores the day-to-day experience of the Revolution: not only the thrill, the joy, and the enthusiasm, but also the uncertainty, the confusion, the anxiety, the disappointments—often all mixed together. It also throws light on some of the questions long debated by historians concerning the origins, the radicalization, the growth of violence, and the end of that Revolution.
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Bowen, A. J. Plutarch: The Malice of Herodotos. Liverpool University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9780856685682.001.0001.
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The Malice of Herodotus can perhaps best be described as the world's earliest known book review. But it is much more than that, for in the course of 'correcting' with considerable vituperation what he saw as Herodotus' anti-Greek bias, Plutarch tells us much about his own attitude to writing history. So that together with Lucian's How to Write History, it forms a basic text for the study of Greek historiography. It is also perhaps the most revealing example of Plutarch's prose style with its rhetorical variety and energy and odd mixture of good and bad argument. But in citing lost works, Plutarch has preserved valuable fragments which don't exist elsewhere and need to be assessed by all students of the Persian Wars. The book presents Greek text with translation, introduction and commentary.
Book chapters on the topic "Old wheat varietie"
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Bedõ, Z., G. Vida, L. Láng, and I. Karsai. "Breeding for breadmaking quality using old Hungarian wheat varieties." In Developments in Plant Breeding, 245–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4896-2_33.
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Guzzon, Filippo, Maraeva Gianella, Peter Giovannini, and Thomas S. Payne. "Conserving Wheat Genetic Resources." In Wheat Improvement, 299–318. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_17.
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AbstractWheat genetic resources (WGR) are represented by wheat crop wild relatives (WCWR) and cultivated wheat varieties (landraces, old and modern cultivars). The conservation and accessibility of WGR are fundamental due to their: (1) importance for wheat breeding, (2) cultural value associated with traditional food products, (3) significance for biodiversity conservation, since some WCWR are endangered in their natural habitats. Two strategies are employed to conserve WGR: namely in situ and ex situ conservation. In situ conservation, i.e. the conservation of the diversity at the location where it is found, consists in genetic reserves for WCWR and on farm programs for landraces and old cultivars. Ex situ conservation of WGR consists in the storage of dry seeds at cold temperatures in germplasm banks. It is currently the most employed conservation strategy for WGR because it allows the long-term storage of many samples in relatively small spaces. Due to the great number of seed samples of WGR and associated passport data stored in genebanks, it is increasingly important for the management of ex situ collections to: (1) employ efficient database systems, (2) understand seed longevity of the seed accessions, (3) setup safety backups of the collections at external sites.
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Juhász, A., L. Tamás, I. Karsai, G. Vida, L. Láng, and Z. Bedö. "Identification, Cloning and Characterisation of a HMW-Glutenin Gene from an Old Hungarian Wheat Variety, Bánkúti 1201." In Wheat in a Global Environment, 183–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3674-9_21.
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Iodice, Antonio. "General Average in Genoa: Between Statutes and Customs." In General Average and Risk Management in Medieval and Early Modern Maritime Business, 259–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04118-1_10.
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AbstractWhen it comes to the development of the rules governing the General Average (GA) procedure, this is usually understood in a "continuity" perspective. Rules and practices seem to converge towards a common approach, at least across the Mediterranean Sea. What risks being lost in this narrative is the variety of local legal systems and the different ways in which the states of the Old Regime regulated the GA institution. This contribution aims to present GA rules and their evolution in the Republic of Genoa from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Age. In particular, it will focus on mutual influences between the Consulat de Mar and the Genoese customs. Moreover, the information uploaded in the online database AveTransRisk will be used to evaluate the application of the statutory rules in daily practice by shipmasters arriving in the port of Genoa.
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Burlacu, Irina, Sorina Soare, and Daniela Vintila. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Romania." In IMISCOE Research Series, 361–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_24.
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Abstract This chapter examines to what extent the Romanian welfare system covers resident citizens compared to foreigners residing in Romania and Romanians living abroad. In doing so, we analyse existing social policies aiming to ensure their coverage against a variety of risks at different life-cycle stages, including unemployment, poverty, sickness and old-age. The main conclusion is that the Romanian welfare state is open to all residents, regardless of their nationality, thus providing everyone equal grounds for accessing social benefits. The criterion of residence on the Romanian soil is, however, prevalent. This implies that relatively few social provisions are extended for non-resident Romanians, which represent an increasingly sizeable community given the intensity of migration outflows in recent years. Furthermore, the Romanian social protection system has had relatively little impact on reducing the risk of poverty and income inequality in the country, despite regular amendments during the last years.
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Wildman, Wesley J. "Out with the Old, In with the New? From Conceptual Reconstruction in Philosophical Anthropology to a Realistic Theory of Change." In Relational Anthropology for Contemporary Economics, 181–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84690-9_11.
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AbstractPhilosophers have solid analyses of defective understandings of the human condition and regularly propose inspirational alternatives that would seem to have the promise of changing the fortunes and fate of our species. But philosophers sometimes over-generalize in their criticisms, attributing to a vast cultural complex a specific anthropological understanding when in fact any large culture plays host to a large variety of mutually inconsistent anthropological visions. Moreover, philosophers rarely demonstrate that a culture-level change in anthropological understandings would have the effects they claim and they virtually never spell out a theory of change by which such a culture-level transformation could ever be realized. This paper begins in philosophical anthropology, spelling out two specific problematic aspects of contemporary western human self-understanding: individualism and cognitive error; two corresponding correctives: relationality and self-awareness; and two spiritual translations of these corrective measures: love as agape and karuna and wisdom as knowledge and humility. The argument then transitions to practical questions about what differences the envisaged transformation in ideas about human nature might be expected to make on socioeconomic conditions and how such changes might be implemented to realize the envisaged changes. The conclusion is that the anthropological insights of philosophers would be best served by a partnership with education and policy experts that would add realism about the conditions for social change to the generative creativity of philosophical analysis.
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Asseraf, Arthur. "Old Waves." In Electric News in Colonial Algeria, 130–55. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844044.003.0004.
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This chapter considers how the news ecosystem could change with the introduction of new technologies, particularly the cinema and the radio. What was unfolding was not a replacement of old forms of media but a superposition of waves upon waves of information in a variety that proved bewildering. The first section explains the development of newsreels in cinemas and radio as new forms of visual and aural news. The technical constraints of the radio made the existing problem of divergent audiences more evident, by placing the spotlight on the issue of spoken language. The second section looks at how these new forms of news contributed to a growing political polarization of Algeria in the 1930s, focusing on news of the Spanish Civil War. The novelty of radio-listening was that it facilitated the formation of new political communities across borders, placing Algeria within a wider transnational conflict between fascism and communism.
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Considine, John. "Lists of old words." In Sixteenth-Century English Dictionaries, 356–79. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832287.003.0016.
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Chapter 15 turns to the beginnings of English historical lexicography, in the form of wordlists of older varieties of English: what we would call Old English and Middle English, though this periodization was not used in the sixteenth century. Wordlists which included Old English were made from the middle of the century onwards, notably by the antiquary Laurence Nowell (in marginalia in a copy of Howlet’s Abcedarium, and in a free-standing wordlist notable for its interest in contemporary regionalisms) and John Joscelyn. Wordlists from Anglo-Saxon England also circulated. None of these were printed. Most of the wordlists which included later Middle English were produced in the 1580s and 1590s. Two of the most important registered Chaucerian vocabulary, mixed in one case with other archaisms.
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Titelbaum, Michael G. "Old Evidence and Logical Omniscience." In Fundamentals of Bayesian Epistemology 2, 413–44. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863140.003.0012.
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This chapter considers objections to Subjective Bayesian theories of credence and confirmation based on cases in which an agent supports a hypothesis based on evidence learned previously, and cases in which an agent is ignorant of logical truths. For each type of cases, the chapter carefully analyzes what exactly the objection is supposed to be. Then a variety of potential responses are presented an assessed.
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Perkins, John H. "Wheat Breeding and the Exercise of American Power, 1940-1970." In Geopolitics and the Green Revolution. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195110135.003.0010.
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American power at the end of World War II was paramount. The usual image of this might, however, is formed more by the array of military and industrial components of American culture than by something as seemingly mundane as wheat breeding. Nuclear-tipped missiles, airplane and tank factories, engineering prowess, and motivated soldiers are more generally assumed to be the components of military strength, not scientists patiently crossing one strain of wheat with another and searching through the progeny for a better variety. In the direct exercise of military power, of course, the weapon systems and soldiers are the most important elements of power. Armies, however, exist only on the foundation of food supplies that are adequate for both the military personnel and their civilian support force. American strategists in both world wars were acutely aware of the role of agriculture in the projection of military might, and they considerably amplified agriculture’s importance in the aftermath of World War II. Specifically, through a variety of public and private initiatives, wheat breeding and other lines of agricultural science became an integral part of postwar American strategic planning. Put somewhat differently, after 1945, wheat breeding by American scientists became more than just an exercise in the modernization of agriculture. Old motivations for seeking new varieties did not disappear, but new motivations arose to justify expenditures. In addition, American scientists came to do their work not only in the United States for American farmers but overseas for foreign governments. Wheat breeding acquired ideological dimensions more elaborate than simply “the promo tion of progress.” Instead, wheat breeding and other agricultural science became part of the “battle for freedom.” In the process, many countries moved to new relationships with each other and with their own natural resource base. How did wheat breeding get caught up with strategic and national security considerations? It is necessary to follow a somewhat convoluted trail to answer this question, and the story can begin with the status of the United States after the collapse of Germany and Japan in 1945.
Conference papers on the topic "Old wheat varietie"
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Fabbri, C., M. Napoli, M. Mancini, G. Brandani, R. Vivoli, and S. Orlandini. "Adopting precision agriculture to improve the cultivation of old wheat varieties in Tuscany (Italy)." In 12th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-888-9_57.
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Manukyan, I. R., and N. N. Dogusova. "Resistance of winter wheat cultivars to leaf rust in conditions of the Central Caucasus." In General question of world science. Наука России, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-03-2021-14.
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The main problem of wheat immunity to leaf rust is the loss of efficiency of most Lrgenes. The decrease in efficiency is associated with microevolutionary processes within the population and the emergence of new virulent phytopathogen races that can overcome previously efficient resistance genes. The article presents the results of the phytopathological test and marker analysis of the selected material of winter wheat for resistance to the leaf rust pathogen (Puccinia recondita Rob.ex Desm f. sp. tritici.). The object of the research was 20 cultivar samples of various ecological and geographical origins. DNA was isolated from the leaves of 10-day-old wheat germs. Molecular markers were used for the following genes: Lr9 (SCS5), Lr10 (Fi.2245/Lr10-6/r2), Lr19/Sr25 (SCS265), Lr20/Sr15 (STS638), Lr24/Sr24 (Sr24#12), Lr34/Sr57 (csLV34), Lr37/Sr38/Yr17/Pch2/Cre5 (Ventriup/LN2), Lr41 (GDM35), Lr47 (PS10). Using molecular markers, the studied wheat varieties did not reveal the highly and partially effective genes Lr9, Lr19/Sr25, Lr24/Sr24, Lr41, and Lr47 in Russia, and the ineffective gene Lr20/Sr1. As a result of molecular screening, it was found that the List 25 variety had Lr37 genes; the Mif variety had Lr10 genes; the Eltan variety had Lr10 genes; the Markola variety had Lr34 genes; the Malvina variety had Lr26 genes; the Tvorets variety had Lr10 genes; the DB 1/05 variety had Lr10 genes; the Evklid variety had Lr10 genes; the Sumai aut variety had Lr34 genes; the Lebidka odes'ka variety had Lr34 genes; the Solara variety – Lr34; the Zhiva variety – Lr10, Lr34. When comparing the results of marker analysis with field resistance to leaf rust, the resistant type of reaction to infection (R) was shown by the cultivars: Battum, Eltan, Evklid, Areal, and Solara; the susceptible type of reaction (S) was noted in the cultivars Markola and Mallyska; the medium susceptible type of reaction (MS) – in the cultivars Lebidka odes'ka and Tvorets.
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Terán, Teresita, and Jesica Ciminari. "Let’s learn statistics playing." In Decision Making Based on Data. International Association for Statistical Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.19418.
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Initial education is considered as a stage of construction and a transmitter of culture that will – through a variety of games – enable children to explore the world beyond the learning that develops at the affective core. Teaching statistics should start as early as possible. However, in Argentina, teachers at initial level lack sufficient statistical knowledge. We designed a teaching experiment with teachers responding to their lack of knowledge, where all activities are fostered around games. The experiment was carried out in Rosario in 2018 with teachers of classes of 4 and 5 years old children. These teacher-students were taught notions of statistics in such a way that they would be able to put into action what they had learnt. We present some of the activities that were done by the children and will analyse the reports that the teachers handed in. The surprising results indicate that statistics and games can establish a profound relationship in the children’s minds.
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Petrescu, Anca. "TYPING OR WRITING? A DILEMMA OF THE DIGITAL ERA." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-115.
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The present paper focuses on the latest research about the difference between cursive writing and keyboarding, in an era where children are texting, tapping and typing on keyboards more than ever, leaving less time to master that "old-fashioned" skill known as handwriting. But what is the real value of learning handwriting skills versus being able to type 100 words per minute on a QWERTY keyboard? Since the personal computer and now the telephone have become the primary methods for recording our ideas, we simply do not write with an actual writing implement like a pen or pencil as much as we used to. Or, the benefits of gripping and moving in a controlled manner a pen or pencil on a piece of paper reach beyond communication. Emerging research shows that handwriting increases brain activity, hones fine motor skills, and can predict a child's academic success in ways that keyboarding can't. So, we must ask ourselves, is this really a problem? Studies suggest there's real value in learning and maintaining this basic skill, even as we increasingly communicate electronically via keyboards big and small. Instead of asking questions about the validity of teaching handwriting in schools at a time when technology is asserting its primacy, it would be more beneficial for the educational actors to understand that both of these views are not mutually exclusive, and that we can even use, in an interesting twist, new software for touch-screen devices, such as the iPad, to reinvigorate the practice. The pages below aim to reflect that, regardless of what age they are in, students need a variety of technologies, including cursive handwriting, in order to succeed.
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Vasconcelos, Clara, and Tiago Ribeiro. "WHAT ABOUT “THE” SCIENTIFIC METHOD? A SURVEY APPLIED TO MIDDLE AND SECONDARY GEOSCIENCE TEACHERS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end106.
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"The debate over whether there is a single unifying scientific method or a variety of methods, each of which is applied to a different discipline of science, is still a difficult one. Popper idea of refutation was a criticism to the inductive method and claimed the need to submit theories to falsification. His thesis ended up being a demarcation of science and pseudoscience. But the question remains: do all sciences follow the same scientific method? Namely because discoveries in geology have to overcome time and space enormous scales, geologist have been called by Lord Kelvin as “stamp collectors”. Having started as a field science, and even having been denied by Hutton as an experimental science, modelling in geology only took place at the end of the 19th century by the hand of Sir James Hall. The need to mirror scientists’ methods is a demand of inquiry-based teaching, but few geology teachers have correct knowledge about the method used by geologists. In the present study, a survey was undertaken online with the main objective of investigating what is teachers’ knowledge about the (geo)scientific method. Participants were 108 geology middle and secondary teachers in Portugal. The majority of respondents were women (n=79; 73.1%) and the average age was 46 years old. All participants were graduated, but 51 (47.2%) had a master and 5 (4.6%) had a Ph.D. The results showed erroneous conceptions that are commonly reflected in inquiry-based teaching classrooms, namely regarding the scientific method but also about investigative competencies and geology as an experimental science. The majority of the teachers’ said that there only exists one scientific method for all sciences (n=49; 45.4%) and that it has a fundamentally linear nature from observation to conclusion (n=54; 50.0%). The scientific method was claimed as needed to allow the confirmation of hypothesis by many teachers (n=44; 40.7%). Some participants referred Uniformitarianism as a principle that justifies the historical and interpretive reasoning of geologist (n=48; 44.4%), but not so many referred the analogic reasoning (n=28; 25.9%). Teachers also referred to critical and systemic thinking as scientific competencies (n=72; 66.7%) and gave less importance to others like observation and argumentation (n=27; 25.0%). Results analysis corroborate that an inquiry-base teaching methodology requires history of geology and an epistemological reflection to be integrated in teachers’ initial training and professional development. The epistemology behind geology classes has to be taught to eradicate alternative conception about the scientific method."
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Sui, Xin, Yifan Yu, and Liu Huhui. "Measurement of spatial equity : a case study of nursing institution." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/bgdi1793.
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Equity and justice have always been important norms in the field of urban planning. With the gradual deepening of understanding of residential environment, the research context of equity and justice related to location is becoming more and more sophisticated. Recently, varieties of subjects Including Public Health and Geography focus on the inequity of public resources in spatial distribution and how to measure the degree of this gap. In general, the mainstream measurement methods can be summarized into two categories: (1) The description of phenomenon caused by the spatial inequities, and accessibility is a typical method of this type. (2) the direct quantification of inequity, such as Gink Coefficient which is originated from the economics field and introduced into the measurement of health equity, and Getis-Ord General G, together with Moran’ index is the most commonly method used into the general spatial autocorrelation. In this paper, based on the overall literature review of the concept of equity in the study using these methods and a summary of their specific context of the measurement using, nursing institution in Shanghai, China are regarded as a typical case to practice these methods and compare the differences in using. Meantime, the impact of the politics and planning related to this special facility is also been considered. Results show that, accessibility of nursing institution among elderly groups is much different under different research distance, and the overall trend seems like the research units in suburb appears higher accessibility than those in highly urbanized area. And Gink Coefficient helps us determine the proportion of the elderly population in different reachable areas in Shanghai is within a reasonable range. However, Global Moran’ index provide reliable evidence that the existence of the aggregation combined by the high-value units. It indicates that there are inequities among the distribution of aged-nursing resources, and Local Moran I （LISA）help us to find the specific boundaries of these areas. In general, in the study of the equity related to location, accessibility can only reflect the differences phenomenon in distribution, but it is not clear to describe this gap to what extent, and it’s difficult to achieve the possibility of comparison among different periods and different subjects. The Gini coefficient often focuses on the unfairness of the distribution of people, but ignored the aggregation characteristics of the spatial dimension, which the analysis of spatial autocorrelation can make up. All these methods proved that it’s necessary to consider both the spatial distribution of supply and demand. And the discussion about equity related to location should be strictly qualified in study.