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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Old age pensions – Czechoslovakia

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Academic literature on the topic 'Old age pensions – Czechoslovakia'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Old age pensions – Czechoslovakia"

1

Vukovic, Drenka. "Old age and poverty." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 131 (2010): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1031165v.

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The process of demographic changes in Serbia is followed by discussions on the need to provide safety at old age and solve the problems of poverty and social exclusion of older citizens. In the current state there are no mechanisms that guarantee an adequate life standard at old age, the consequence of which is a high poverty rate, deteriorating health and limited access to social programs. The results of the Survey on life standard from 2002 and 2007 show that poverty among population in general and pensioners has decreased, while the poverty risk among people older than 65 has increased twice. The restrictive methods of the reforms cause a change in the relation between the pensions and the earnings, so that more and more pensioners receive below average, i.e. minimal pensions. Not all old people are covered by pension insurance so that a significant number (around 400.000) does not have a safe monthly income at all. The state program of financial aid is of modest size and does not provide help to all of the poor. Welfare aid decreases the risk of poverty, but it do not guarantee an adequate level of material security at old age. The low level of minimal and average pensions, the decline of participation in the average earnings and the strict criteria of the social security system have brought to awareness the necessity of 'social pensions' and various help and support programs for the elderly. .

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2

Anglim, Christopher, and Brian Gratton. "Organized Labor and Old Age Pensions." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 25, no. 2 (September 1987): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lat2-p0yd-dtv8-67m9.

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Organized labor in the United States strongly supported pre-New Deal proposals for state pensions for the elderly. The idea that American labor, unlike its European counterparts, did not contribute to the rise of the welfare state is based on evidence from national organizations and their leaders. Review of the activities of the highly political state federations, and of the campaign for old age pensions in Massachusetts, indicates that labor, rather than middle-class reformers, was responsible for the promotion of new public welfare programs.

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3

Leighninger, Leslie. "Old Age Pensions Before Social Security." Journal of Progressive Human Services 18, no. 1 (April 5, 2007): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j059v18n01_06.

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4

Van Zyl, Elize. "Old Age Pensions in South Africa." International Social Security Review 56, no. 3-4 (November 2003): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00172.

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5

Liu, Liqun, Andrew J. Rettenmaier, and Thomas R. Saving. "LONGEVITY AND PUBLIC OLD-AGE PENSIONS." Economic Inquiry 43, no. 2 (April 2005): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ei/cbi017.

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6

Kildal, Nanna, and Stein Kuhnle. "Old Age Pensions, Poverty and Dignity." Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 8, no. 2 (August 2008): 208–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018108090639.

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7

Minns, Richard. "Pensions and the age-old crisis." Pensions: An International Journal 7, no. 1 (September 2001): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pm.5940184.

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8

Vegas Sánchez, Raquel, Isabel Argimón, Marta Botella, and Clara I. González. "Old age pensions and retirement in Spain." SERIEs 4, no. 3 (June 16, 2013): 273–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13209-013-0096-0.

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9

Walker, Robert, and Meg Huby. "Escaping Financial Dependency in Old Age." Ageing and Society 9, no. 1 (March 1989): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00013349.

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ABSTRACTOne of the principal motives behind pension reform in Britain in the post-war era has been to reduce dependence on means-tested assistance. Alternating attempts have been made to attain this objective through State and occupational collectivism but with only partial success. The present Government has shifted the emphasis away from collective provision towards individual saving promoted in the form of portable pensions. However, recent research has underlined the importance of structural determinants of dependency on means-tested assistance in retirement and of other factors over which individuals have little if any control. In the light of these findings questions are raised about the potential effectiveness of portable and occupational pensions as mechanisms for reducing future dependency on means-tested supplementation.

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10

Shapiro, Daniel. "Can Old-Age Social Insurance Be Justified?" Social Philosophy and Policy 14, no. 2 (1997): 116–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001849.

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While in America most people think of “welfare” as means-tested programs such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children, in reality in the United States and other affluent democracies the heart of the welfare state is social insurance programs, such as health insurance, old-age or retirement pensions, and unemployment insurance. They are insurance programs in the sense that they protect against common risks of a loss of income if and/or when certain events come to pass (illness, old-age or retirement, unemployment); they are “social” because unlike market insurance they are not run on a sound actuarial basis, the premiums are not voluntarily incurred but compulsory, and there is very limited choice or flexibility concerning the type of policy one can purchase. Why have social insurance rather than market insurance? In this essay, I take up this question with regard to old-age or retirement pensions, which at present absorb around 9 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) and 25 percent of government spending of the affluent industrial countries comprising the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). My aim is to show that old-age or retirement social insurance (henceforth “SI”) is worse in virtually every relevant normative respect than its alternative, some form of market or private pensions. By relevant normative respect, I mean those values or principles which are used by contemporary political philosophers in their discussions and justifications of welfare-state policies, and which are applicable to assessments of different systems of old-age or retirement pensions. (Although they are applicable, almost no contemporary political philosophers have in fact applied them—an amazing state of affairs which I hope to remedy here.)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Old age pensions – Czechoslovakia"

1

Stevens, Jonathan. "The deserving poor : aspects of the old age pension movement in South Australia and the Commonwealth /." Title page, contents and preface only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars8443.pdf.

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Sejanamane, Nkhahle Daniel. "Challenges in distribution of old age pensions in Lesotho." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20477.

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The research set out to explore the nature of challenges in distribution of old age pensions in Lesotho. Poor institutional capacity failed the implementing agency, the Department of Pensions; to set up competent administrative structures to run run the pensions effectively and efficiently. A number of challenges have been identified, some of which were: inadequate supervision of the paying officers, fraud by workers and community agents, missing funds, insufficient resources, inadequate administrative capacity, overworked employees, faulty targeting, soft and discriminatory approach to non-compliance with rules and multiple use of identity documents by recipients. On the other hand, a number of opportunities have been identified to counteract the challenges. The main recommendation of the study was the engagement of mobile phone-based money transfer facilities to transfer the old age pensions from the government to the recipients. The Department of Pensions should make use of baseline database like information from civil registration agency like the Ministry of Home Affairs to confirm the validity of the pension recipients. Other recommendations included moving the division of old age pensions from the Pensions Department to the Ministry of Social Development which is the controlling body for other forms of social grants in Lesotho. The Ministry of Social Development is regarded as well equipped with qualified staff and facilities to deal with vulnerable people like the elderly.

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3

Cardoso, Pedro Daniel Martins Lucas. "The future of old-age pensions its explosion and implosion /." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Thela Thesis] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/76523.

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Bartkus, Algirdas. "The analysis of financial sustainability of old-age pensions and sickness benefits." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090312_091029-84342.

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Purpose of this study is to identify and to evaluate the main trends in the development of old-age pensions and sickness benefits schemes (by designing social insurance system models) and to determine the possible ways how to increase the efficiency in consumption smoothing policy and how to increase the financial sustainability of the old-age and sickness insurance schemes. This study searches for answers to the questions: how to maintain the consumption opportunities of beneficiaries, how to maintain a balance between the contributions paid and benefits received (the balance between the price paid and goods received), how to reduce the risk of budget deficit explosion and how to maintain the consumption opportunities of beneficiaries and insured. Consumption smoothing analysis focuses on the identity between the contributions paid and benefits received, on the analysis of replacement rates, on the analysis of pensioners to insured ratio (and on the possibilities of interpretation the analysis provide). The study determined the cycles of Lithuanian social insurance system development, examined and evaluated three different pensions' indexation policies, examined and evaluated the utility and performance of second pillar pension funds and carried out the study of possibilities of raising the efficiency in Lithuanian sickness benefits scheme. This study helps to deeper the understanding of how population aging affects the economy and provides the materials for future... [to full text]
Disertacijos tikslas – sudarant socialinio draudimo sistemos modelius, nustatyti ir išanalizuoti svarbiausias senatvės pensijų ir laikinojo nedarbingumo išmokų raidos tendencijas, atsižvelgiant į jas, pagrįsti efektyvumo ir tvarumo didinimo galimybes senatvės ir laikinojo nedarbingumo socialinio draudimo išmokų programose (srityse). Disertacijoje ieškoma atsakymų į klausimus: kaip palaikyti išmokų gavėjų vartojimo galimybes, kaip išlaikyti pusiausvyrą tarp sumokėtų įmokų ir gautų išmokų (pusiausvyra tarp sumokėtos kainos ir gautos prekių apimties), kaip sumažinti socialinio draudimo biudžeto deficito atsiradimo riziką ir palaikyti dirbančių asmenų ir išmokų gavėjų vartojimo galimybes. Vartojimo galimybių palaikymo efektyvumo įvertinimas apima tapatumo tarp sumokėtų įmokų ir gautų išmokų analizę, pakeitimo normos analizę, išmokų gavėjų ir dirbančių asmenų santykio analizę, šių rodiklių ir sąryšių interpretacijos atskleidžiamas galimybes. Disertacijoje nustatyti Lietuvos socialinio draudimo sistemos raidos ciklai, išnagrinėti ir įvertinti trys išmokų indeksavimo variantai, įvertintos antros pakopos kaupiamųjų pensijų fondų sistemos galimybės ir veiklos rezultatai, atliktas laikinojo nedarbingumo išmokų sistemos efektyvumo didinimo tyrimas. Šis darbas padeda geriau suprasti visuomenės senėjimo padarinius ir numatyti priemones būsimų procesų reguliavimui.

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Vidler, Sacha. "Pension reform: an analysis of the economic foundations of private pensions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/577.

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The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.

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6

Vidler, Sacha. "Pension reform an analysis of the economic foundations of private pensions /." University of Sydney. Political Economy, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/577.

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The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.

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7

Li, Tao. "Retirement protection in Hong Kong : a study of the policy-making process 1991-95 /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18597312.

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8

Gash, Alexander, and n/a. "Anticipatory Budgeting: A Long-Term Analysis of Old Age Pensions in Australia, Canada and Sweden." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061109.103403.

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The impact of population ageing on the social budgets of the future is a phenomenon confronting many of the world's wealthiest and most advanced nations. The impending retirement of the 'baby boomers' has raised concerns about the inadequacy of budgetary frameworks (both conceptual and real) to fulfil the financial commitments of demographically sensitive programs, namely old age pensions. Pension schemes represent, by far, the largest social welfare commitment of first world nations. Old age pensions are also demographically sensitive. Furthermore, pension systems play a crucial role in alleviating poverty, in recognising the previous contribution of an individual and in maintaining of the social and economic wellbeing of democratic polities. The financial stability of pension schemes and the ability of governments to meet future commitments will become significant issues of public policy as the pressures from population ageing intensify. Yet, committing resources, or budgeting, for longer-term pressures is an inherently problematic exercise both from an intellectual and a practical perspective. For long-term resourcing to be successful it requires perfect foresight and a level of political commitment that typically eludes most politicians and governments. Longer or medium-term budgetary pressures are often ignored or avoided until they impact on the immediate chances of either fiscal or electoral success. As such, societies face the prospect of looming financial burdens, but only have a box of short-term tools at their disposal and a limited body of scholarship to guide them through this ticking political 'time bomb'. This research tackles a significant omission in the existing literature on budgeting, public policy and social welfare, by proposing a conceptual framework for the anticipation, conceptualisation and analysis of future budget pressures. In doing so, it brings together analytical frameworks of government budgeting and social policy from a number of disciplinary areas and weaves them into a conceptual framework that allows for diagnostic and prescriptive analysis of budgetary pressures within a particular policy/spending area. The framework is also compatible with existing budgetary frameworks and decision-making processes. Through the analysis of the old age pension systems in Australia, Canada and Sweden this thesis makes an important contribution to the understanding of how demographic transition will impact on the future stability of pension schemes. The thesis contends that ageing populations will place significant pressure on each pillar of the pension system to meet its future financial commitments. This pressure will, in turn, have important implications for national budgetary processes and old age pension policy over the coming decades. In particular, governments will be required to implement a range of techniques that sit both within and beyond the traditional bounds of most budget processes. It will be imperative for researchers to explore the complexities and political possibilities of budget reform and to search for ways in which the longer-term needs of society can be adequately satisfied through the budget process.

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9

Kasere, Gayle Farai. "Cash transfers and poverty reduction in South Africa: a case study of old age pensions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003109.

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Social assistance in the form of cash grants is a large and fiscally costly component of anti-poverty policy in South Africa. A critical question arises: Are the grants effective tools for reducing poverty in South Africa and, moreover, how significant is their impact on poverty? As a measure of reducing poverty, the government has expanded the social grants system since the advent of the new democracy in 1994. The country's social grant system is quite comprehensive and it is intended to cover vulnerable individuals over their life course from childhood to adulthood and into old age. Policy discourse surrounding the grants centres on the sustainability of the system and its implications for socio-economic development and poverty alleviation. It is therefore important that the significance of grants is identified and assessed particularly in relation to very poor households. This dissertation focuses specifically on one particular grant, namely, the old age pension. It does so in the context of the sustainable livelihoods conceptual framework and the history of the social grant system in South Africa. Statistical data collected by the South African government as well as more localised evidence gathered in the Eastern Cape town of Grahamstown is used to ascertain the significance of old age pensions for poverty reduction. While there is some evidence to suggest that pensions contribute to poverty reduction, this does not translate into poverty alleviation. In fact, there is some unevenness in the impact of pensions on poverty. In this regard, the decision-making structures in poor households regularly influence the way pension money is allocated and used within households. Grant money is normally shared in extended households, such that the pension does not simply benefit the recipient but the recipient's household as a whole. Although there is cause for concern regarding the propensity of social grants to affect people's behaviour negatively, there is a case to be made for retaining grants as an important, though not the only, form of anti-poverty strategy. This highlights the need for continued research on the social grant system and pensions more specifically.

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10

Gash, Alexander. "Anticipatory Budgeting: A Long-Term Analysis of Old Age Pensions in Australia, Canada and Sweden." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365858.

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The impact of population ageing on the social budgets of the future is a phenomenon confronting many of the world's wealthiest and most advanced nations. The impending retirement of the 'baby boomers' has raised concerns about the inadequacy of budgetary frameworks (both conceptual and real) to fulfil the financial commitments of demographically sensitive programs, namely old age pensions. Pension schemes represent, by far, the largest social welfare commitment of first world nations. Old age pensions are also demographically sensitive. Furthermore, pension systems play a crucial role in alleviating poverty, in recognising the previous contribution of an individual and in maintaining of the social and economic wellbeing of democratic polities. The financial stability of pension schemes and the ability of governments to meet future commitments will become significant issues of public policy as the pressures from population ageing intensify. Yet, committing resources, or budgeting, for longer-term pressures is an inherently problematic exercise both from an intellectual and a practical perspective. For long-term resourcing to be successful it requires perfect foresight and a level of political commitment that typically eludes most politicians and governments. Longer or medium-term budgetary pressures are often ignored or avoided until they impact on the immediate chances of either fiscal or electoral success. As such, societies face the prospect of looming financial burdens, but only have a box of short-term tools at their disposal and a limited body of scholarship to guide them through this ticking political 'time bomb'. This research tackles a significant omission in the existing literature on budgeting, public policy and social welfare, by proposing a conceptual framework for the anticipation, conceptualisation and analysis of future budget pressures. In doing so, it brings together analytical frameworks of government budgeting and social policy from a number of disciplinary areas and weaves them into a conceptual framework that allows for diagnostic and prescriptive analysis of budgetary pressures within a particular policy/spending area. The framework is also compatible with existing budgetary frameworks and decision-making processes. Through the analysis of the old age pension systems in Australia, Canada and Sweden this thesis makes an important contribution to the understanding of how demographic transition will impact on the future stability of pension schemes. The thesis contends that ageing populations will place significant pressure on each pillar of the pension system to meet its future financial commitments. This pressure will, in turn, have important implications for national budgetary processes and old age pension policy over the coming decades. In particular, governments will be required to implement a range of techniques that sit both within and beyond the traditional bounds of most budget processes. It will be imperative for researchers to explore the complexities and political possibilities of budget reform and to search for ways in which the longer-term needs of society can be adequately satisfied through the budget process.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Books on the topic "Old age pensions – Czechoslovakia"

1

Deken, Johan Jeroen De. Social policy in postwar Czechoslovakia: The development of old- age pensions and housing policies duringthe period 1945-1989. Badia Fiesolana, Firenze: European University Institute, 1994.

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Johnson, Paul. The pensions dilemma. London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 1994.

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Yun, Sŏng-myŏng. Public pension reform and old-age protection. Seoul, Korea: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, 2006.

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Laura, Appelbaum, University of Colorado at Denver. Graduate School of Public Affairs., and Colorado. Division of Aging and Adult Services., eds. Survey of old age pension recipients. Denver, CO: Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado at Denver, 1997.

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Understanding pensions. London: Routledge, 2004.

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McGill, Dan Mays. Fundamentals of private pensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Office, National Audit. Administration of retirement pensions. London: HMSO, 1995.

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Fox, M. Louise. Old age security in transition economies. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Policy Research Department, Poverty and Human Resources Division, 1994.

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J, James Franklin, University of Colorado at Denver. Graduate School of Public Affairs., and Colorado. Aging and Adult Services., eds. Old age pension program: Evaluability assessment. Denver, CO: Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado at Denver, 1997.

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V, Wilson John, ed. Pensions: Your choice : an explanatory guide. 4th ed. London: Tolley, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Old age pensions – Czechoslovakia"

1

Anderson, Karen M. "Old-Age Pensions." In Handbuch Sozialpolitik, 585–603. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22803-3_29.

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Hinrichs, Karl. "Old age and pensions." In Routledge Handbook of the Welfare State, 418–31. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315207049-37.

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Greve, Bent. "Pensions – important in old age." In Welfare and the Welfare State, 212–22. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429341199-13.

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Clarke, Joan Simeon. "Widows', Orphans' and Old Age Pensions." In Social Security, 166–81. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003263982-8.

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Tullock, Gordon. "The Welfare State and Old-Age Pensions." In Economics of Income Redistribution, 115–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5378-2_7.

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Holly, Alberto. "Old Age, Health and Long-term Care." In Ageing, Health and Pensions in Europe, 213–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307346_8.

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Wigger, Berthold U. "The Family as an Old-age Security Device." In Public Pensions and Economic Growth, 111–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24801-9_5.

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Fornero, Elsa, Annamaria Lusardi, and Chiara Monticone. "Adequacy of Savings for Old Age in Europe." In Ageing, Health and Pensions in Europe, 13–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307346_2.

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Siegrist, Johannes, and Morten Wahrendorf. "Socioeconomic and Psychosocial Determinants of Well-being in Early Old Age." In Ageing, Health and Pensions in Europe, 107–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307346_5.

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Ogg, Jim. "The Role of Pension Policies in Preventing Old-Age Exclusion." In International Perspectives on Aging, 373–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_29.

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AbstractAccess to an adequate pension is fundamental to preventing exclusion. As populations age, modern economies have put into place pension reforms to safeguard financial stability. In Europe, raising the age of eligibility for pensions and increasing the length of time necessary in a working career to access a pension are among the main policy measures that are being adopted. In addition, pensions and life expectancy are increasingly linked mainly in the form of the replacement of defined benefit pensions, where financial risks were shared collectively and produced stable pension benefits, by defined contribution pensions which depend on the capacity of individuals to save and individualise the risk of investments in diverse pension schemes. This chapter presents the main mechanisms of reforms to pension systems and addresses the opportunities and constraints for reducing exclusion in later life. It focuses on policies that aim to safeguard adequate levels of pension income for individuals who are unable to extend their working life; policies that aim to reduce gender pay gaps and, in turn, gender pension gaps; reforms to survivor pensions; and the provision of pension safety nets for individuals who have not built up enough contributions to ensure an adequate income. These policies are examined in the context of new social risks which result from shifting political systems, rapid technological change, and economic uncertainties.

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Conference papers on the topic "Old age pensions – Czechoslovakia"

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Varga, Zoltán. "Financial Aspects of the Old-Age Pensions' Coordination." In MultiScience - XXIX. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2015.085.

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Rajevska, Olga. "ADEQUACY OF DISABILITY PENSION SYSTEM IN LATVIA." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b2/v3/11.

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The author analyzes the performance of the disability pension system in Latvia in order to assess the ability of the system to perform its main function: to prevent poverty among people with disabilities. It has been found that the system does not meet the criteria of adequacy and the causes of problem have been addressed. In the analysis, the author uses statistical data from Eurostat and the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia, Mutual Information System on Social Protection (MISSOC) database, as well as considers statutory regulations. Particular attention is paid to such an element of the pension system as statutory minimum pension amount as a key tool aimed at ensuring the adequacy of the social protection of people with disabilities. Additionally, the author provides a comparative analysis of minimum disability pension provisions in the EU member states. Since the systems of old-age pensions and disability pensions in Latvia are closely connected, the author emphases the importance of the improvement of the adequacy of disability pensions in achieving more adequate old-age pensions.

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Reports on the topic "Old age pensions – Czechoslovakia"

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The Challenges of Population Aging in the People's Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf210280-2.

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The population in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is aging rapidly, as the proportion of people aged 60 and above is expected to increase to 35% by 2050. While aging poses economic challenges, if managed well, it can generate new employment opportunities with the emergence of new professions related to elderly care. However, capturing these benefits require labor market reforms, higher public spending to finance long-term care and pensions, and policy support. This note presents policy recommendations to address identified socioeconomic implications of rapid population aging in the PRC, focusing on labor market changes, effective long-term elderly care, and measures to address the increasing old-age dependency ratio.

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