Journal articles: 'Old age Japanese'

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Danely, Jason. "Japanese Ingredients for a Good Old Age." Current History 118, no. 809 (September 1, 2019): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2019.118.809.244.

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Robinson, Karen M. "Old Age: A Comparison of Japanese and American Cultures." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 39, no. 3 (March 1994): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/033995.

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Lagergren, M., Y. Saito, and N. Kurube. "MODELING OLD AGE LIFE TRAJECTORIES—A JAPANESE-SWEDISH COMPARISON." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.3907.

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KIMURA, Saburo. "On the Origin of Japanese Landscape Gardening in Old Age." Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architects 53, no. 5 (1989): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila1934.53.5_31.

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Wu, Ying-Hui, Jer-Min Chen, and Chen-Yi Su. "Occurrence of old age Japanese Encephalitis: Current situation in Taiwan." Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 116, no. 12 (December 2017): 915–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2017.04.010.

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Yoshinaka, Masaki, Kazunori Ikebe, Masahiro Uota, Taiji Ogawa, Tadashi Okada, Chisato Inomata, Hajime Takeshita, et al. "Age and sex differences in the taste sensitivity of young adult, young-old and old-old Japanese." Geriatrics & Gerontology International 16, no. 12 (October 23, 2015): 1281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12638.

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Izuhara, Misa, and Hiroshi Shibata. "Migration and Old Age: Japanese Women Growing Older in British Society." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 571–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.32.4.571.

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Enomoto, Hiroyuki, Masayuki Yamanaka, and Ritsuko Ishikawa. "Seismic retrofit strengthening of age-old Japanese traditional building “Chusonji-Temple Hondo”." IABSE Symposium Report 104, no. 22 (May 13, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137815815774593.

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Oda, Hirotaka, Toshio Nakamura, and Michiaki Furukawa. "14C Dating Ancient Japanese Documents." Radiocarbon 40, no. 2 (1997): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200018646.

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We measured radiocarbon ages of 11 pieces of ancient Japanese documents by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The purpose of this study is to compare the relationship between the calibrated 14C age and the historical age of Japanese paper samples. Calibrated ages of nine pieces agree with their historical ages, indicating that Japanese ancient documents can be used for 14C dating in the recent historic period. On the other hand, the 14C age of paper that was used for reinforcement of a sutra is ca. 300 yr older than the historical age of the sutra. This shows that the sutra was repaired with old paper.

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Nakagawa, Takeshi, and Erika Kobayashi. "COHORT DIFFERENCES IN CHANGES IN LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG OLDER JAPANESE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2567.

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Abstract Life span research has been interested in how sociocultural contexts shape individual development and aging processes. Empirical studies have reported that later cohorts show higher levels of well-being. However, more recent studies indicate that cohort differences are not sustained in very late life. The present study examined whether cohort differences in well-being, as measured by life satisfaction, are observed in the young-old and old-old, and further explored potential determinants of cohort differences. Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative study of older Japanese, conducted from 1987—2002, we compared earlier- and later-born cohorts in the young-old (N = 874; age 60—65; year of birth: 1922—1927 and 1931—1936) and old-old (N = 1,022; age 70—80; year of birth: 1907—1917 and 1919—1929), respectively. To control for covariates, we used case-matched groups based on age and gender. Results revealed that later cohorts exhibited higher levels of life satisfaction in both age groups. In the young-old, life satisfaction declined across cohorts. In the old-old, life satisfaction remained stable among earlier cohorts but declined among later cohorts. Socioeconomic, social, and health factors at the individual level and methodological factors (i.e., number of observations) did not fully explain the cohort differences in both age groups. Our results suggest that historical increases in levels of well-being are observed in late life, but that these improvements do not hold in very late life. Future studies should consider potential societal factors behind observed cohort differences in well-being.

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Ohno, Yoshiyuki, Rie Aoki, Akiko Tamakoshi, Takashi Kawamura, Kenji Wakai, Shuji Hashimoto, Norito Kawakami, and Masaki Nagai. "Successful Aging and Social Activity in Older Japanese Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 8, no. 2 (April 2000): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.8.2.129.

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To explore successful aging and high social activity in old age, data from a self-administered survey of 5,239 participants aged 65 years or more were analyzed. The questionnaire inquired about physical conditions and lifestyles of Japanese seniors during middle age and their present social activities in 4 regions of Japan in 1993. The authors first defined social activities and then developed a social-activity measure. Next, they examined the association between present social activity and physical conditions and lifestyles during middle age. Data analysis revealed that the most socially active seniors rated themselves as healthy and physically active during middle age. Socially active seniors differed from less active seniors: They had participated in more hobbies during middle age, had higher levels of education, and had had a more varied diet between the ages of 30 and 50. The data suggest that maintaining general health habits and lifestyles from middle age on is important for successful aging and high social activity in old age.

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Mahmoud, B. Y., A. S. Abdel Hafez, A. M. Emam, A. M. Abdelmoniem, and S. A. ElSafty. "Feathering rate impact on growth and slaughter traits of Japanese quail." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 7 (September 2018): 942–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000990.

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AbstractA total of 1180 1-day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) chicks were used to investigate the effect of feathering rates on growth and slaughter traits. Feathering rates were classified based on the results of stepwise regression using numbers and lengths of both primaries and secondaries and tail length at 7 and 10 days of age as predictors. At 7 and 10 days old, number of primary feathers had phenotypically positive low correlations (rps) with body weight (BW), whereas number of secondaries had positive medium rps with BW at different ages. Lengths of primary, secondary and tail feathers had highly positive rps with BW traits at different ages. Results of stepwise multiple regressions indicated that BW at 14, 21 and 28 days of age can be predicted using lengths of secondary and tail feathers at 10 days old, number of secondaries at 7 days old and length of secondaries at 7 days old, respectively. Body weight at 35 days of age can be predicted using number of primaries,lengths of secondaries and tail at 10 days of age and number of secondaries at 7 days of age. Higher BWs were obtained in the fast-feathering class from 21 up to 35 days of age than in other groups, whereas the slow-feathering class had the lowest BW. Significant class differences were found for carcass weight, feather weight and dressing% favouring the fast- over the slow-feathering class. Therefore, early feathering rates improved BW at later ages and slaughter traits in Japanese quail.

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Lagergren, Marten, Noriko Kurube, and Yasuhiko Saito. "Modeling trajectories of long-term care needs at old age: A Japanese-Swedish comparison." International Journal of Population Studies 3, no. 1 (August 30, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/ijps.2017.01.006.

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A simulation model has been developed, which looks at the future state of functional limitations and provision of long-term care from the individual’s point of view and compares the prospects of Japanese and Swedish old persons. The model calculates the distribution on level of functional limitations combined with level of long-term care (LTC) for a 78-year-old man or woman after 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 years given the initial state expressed in those terms. Longitudinal data for the model has been taken from the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging (NUJLSOA) study, two waves three years apart, and the Swedish National Study of Aging and Care (SNAC) study, baseline and three-year follow up. Transition probabilities are calculated by relating individual states between waves. Changes over time are then calculated in the model by matrix multiplication using the Markov assumption. The results are in most respects similar for Japan and Sweden. A difference is that institutional care in Sweden is a much more definite stage reflecting differences in end-of-life care policy. Future state and mortality depends to a great degree on the initial state, both in terms of dependency and level of LTC. Thus, 78-year-old people who have no functional dependency and no LTC have a much higher probability of surviving the coming 10–15 years than people of the same age who already are dependent and in need of LTC services. Not a few of the initially independent 78-year-old persons will retain that state even after 15 years. However, the effect of the initial state seems to decrease over time.

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Kaluge, Teresa Angelina. "The Japanese Understanding on New Words with Suffix -Teki Across Generations." Lingua Cultura 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v14i2.6604.

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The research attempted to portray the language dynamic on using the suffix -teki among Japanese based on old and young generations as reflected by age. Data were collected by using questionnaires distributed to the Japanese native speakers. New words were responded to as understandable, doubtful, and difficult. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were used in order to find out the results. For both the young and old generations, the stem words from Kango were the easiest to understand, yet, the most difficult words were groups of Gairaigo, Wago, and Konshugo. A significant difference was found between the age groups. The old generation expressed more doubt on new foreign words than the young one only in using -teki for Gairaigo word group. It is concluded that some meanings of words with suffixes are understood across young and old generations. However, the development of technology and globalization may impact some doubtful responses that differentiate between these two generations.

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15

Fowler, D. P., J. D. Simpson, Y. S. Park, and M. H. Schneider. "Yield and Wood Properties of 25-year-old Japanese Larch of Different Provenance in Eastern Canada." Forestry Chronicle 64, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc64475-6.

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Yield data from a 25-year-old trial of Japanese larch (20 provenances), European larch (3 provenances) and tamarack (2 provenances) are presented. Japanese larch is genetically variable in volume of wood produced at age 25 years. The pattern of variation is not closely related to any commonly measured geographic or environmental variables.Japanese larch, managed over short rotations, is capable of producing two to three times more wood than other conifer species commonly planted in the Maritimes Region of Canada. The mean annual increment of merchantable wood for trees of the three best provenances at age 25 years is about 12 m3/ha per year, while that of the poorest provenance is about the same as for European larch and tamarack, 4 m3/ha per year. Japanese larch wood sawed, dried and machined well. It appears suited for general construction use and may be eligible for a stress grade.

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Teramoto, Keisuke, Kodo Otoki, and Shuichi Komiya. "Age-related Changes in Body Composition of 3- to 6-Year-old Japanese Children." APPLIED HUMAN SCIENCE Journal of Physiological Anthropology 18, no. 5 (1999): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/jpa.18.153.

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17

Nakagawa, Takeshi, Yukiko Nishita, Chikako Tange, Makiko Tomida, Kaori Kinoshita, Rei Otsuka, Fujiko Ando, and Hiroshi Shimokata. "Stability and change in well-being among middle-aged and older Japanese." International Journal of Behavioral Development 45, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025420914985.

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Prior evidence suggests that subjective well-being (SWB) remains relatively stable across adulthood. However, longitudinal evidence is sparse except in Western societies such as North America and Western Europe. We examined age-related changes in SWB (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) among middle-aged and older Japanese. We applied multilevel growth models to 14-year seven-wave longitudinal data of a dynamic cohort study. A total of 3,890 participants aged 40–81 at first assessment were included in the analysis. The longitudinal results demonstrated differential trajectories of SWB. Life satisfaction exhibited an accelerated increase in middle age but decreased and leveled off in old age. Positive affect increased in midlife and declined in late life. Negative affect remained stable in middle age but increased in old age. Demographics, health, and methodological correlates did not fully account for age-related changes in SWB. Of note, increases in negative affect in old age remained evident even after controlling for the correlates. In conclusion, life satisfaction was stable across adulthood, which was not the case with positive and negative affect. We discussed the possible mechanisms in these observed trajectories of SWB, in particular, negative affect in late life.

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Kinoshita, Masanari, Hirohiko Ohta, and Shozo Matano. "Age Change in Learning Ability of Japanese Monkeys (Macaca Fuscata) Measured by the Transfer Index." Psychological Reports 80, no. 2 (April 1997): 467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.2.467.

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To examine the developmental change in learning 26 Japanese monkeys at five ages, 1, 2, 3, 5, and over 7 years old, were given two sorts of discrimination-reversal problems differing in prereversal acquisition, one at 67% and the other at 80%. Transfer Index was estimated. With a shift in acquisition from 67% to 80%, the Transfer Indexes were maintained in the 1-, 2-, and 3-yr. groups but declined in the 5-yr. and the adult groups. The results suggest some critical point in learning by Japanese monkeys.

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Strotmeyer, Elsa, Brittney S. Lange-Maia, Jane A. Cauley, Sheila A. Dugan, Samar R. El Khoudary, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Nancy W. Glynn, and Carrie A. Karvonen-Gutierrez. "STAIR CLIMB TIME AND FUNCTIONAL POWER ASSOCIATIONS IN EARLY OLD AGE: SWAN." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1988.

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Abstract Stair climbing assesses neuromuscular components of movement, including muscle power (force*velocity) which may decline earlier in aging vs. strength. We hypothesized age and age-related factor (N=1370; 65.5±2.7 years) associations to stair climb total time (sec), ascend lap time degradation (lap 1 minus 3), power (W/kg body weight) and power degradation (lap 1 minus 3). Adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and age-related comorbidity factors using multivariate linear regression, older age independently related to slower total time and lower power. Non-white ethnicity had slower total time (Black, Hispanic), higher ascend time degradation (Hispanic), and lower power (Hispanic, Chinese, Japanese) vs. Whites. Higher 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Modified Baecke physical activity scores indicated better performance: lower total time, higher power (SF-36 only), and less degradation in ascend time and power. Stair climb time and power in early old age may capture initial functional loss targets for interventions to prevent late-life disability.

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Willcox, Bradley, Randy Chen, Tim Donlon, D. Craig Willcox, Richard Allsopp, and Kamal Masaki. "Risk and Protective Factors for Cognitive Reserve in Oldest-Old Japanese Americans." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2822.

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Abstract 3,734 Japanese-American male oldest-old (aged 85+ years), from the Kuakini Honolulu Asia Aging Study, were assessed for prevalent cognitive impairment (CI). CI was defined as scoring <74 on the 100-point Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI; 80% sensitivity, 90% specificity for dementia). CASI tests from 1991 (Exam 4) to 2012 (Exam 12) identified 1496 cases of CI (i.e. low cognitive reserve) and 1222 non-CI controls (mean diagnosis age: 85.7 ± 5.3; range 71-100 years). Baseline risk factors were compared between groups, adjusted for age at onset of CI or last CASI. Step-wise conditional logistic regression was used to assess risk for CI. Among other factors, education (0.88; 0.85-0.9, p<0.0001), hand-grip strength (0.98; 0.97-0.99, p=0.03), and height (0.97; 0.96-0.99, p=0.002) had protective effects; whereas APOE4 carriage (1.31; 1.04-1.63, p=0.02) and depression (1.4; 1.06-1.96, p=0.02) were risk factors for CI. The implications of these data for cognitive and physical health will be discussed.

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Murayama, Hiroshi, Mariko Nishi, Yu Nofuji, Eri Matsuo, Yu Taniguchi, Hidenori Amano, Yuri Yokoyama, Yoshinori Fujiwara, and Shoji Shinkai. "Longitudinal association between neighborhood cohesion and depressive mood in old age: A Japanese prospective study." Health & Place 34 (July 2015): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.05.015.

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Liu, Jianan, Kimberly M. Cheng, and Frederick G. Silversides. "Recovery of fertility from adult ovarian tissue transplanted into week-old Japanese quail chicks." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 2 (2015): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd13256.

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Fertility of cryopreserved ovarian tissue from immature chickens and Japanese quail has been recovered by transplantation. This is of special importance for non-mammalian vertebrates in which cryopreservation and in vitro maturation of oocytes are challenging because their oogenesis is characterised by vitellogenesis. This study tested whether fertility of adult quail ovarian tissue could be recovered by transplantation. Ovaries were isolated from mature Japanese quail hens, trimmed, cut into 3- to 4-mm2 pieces and transplanted into ovariectomised, week-old chicks. Recipients were administered an immunosuppressant for two weeks. Ten of 12 recipients survived until sexual maturity and seven laid eggs, but all stopped laying by 17 weeks of age. The age at first egg of recipients laying eggs (75.7 ± 4.2 days) was greater than that of untreated hens (51.8 ± 1.7 days) and egg production of recipients during the laying period (21.7 ± 5.7) was less than that of untreated hens (60.8 ± 3.5). Recipients were paired with males from the WB line for test mating. Only two hens laid eggs during the test period but both produced 100% donor-derived offspring. This research demonstrated that the reproductive potential of ovarian tissue from adult quail hens can be restored by transplantation.

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Nakamura, Toshio, Kimiaki Masuda, Fusa Miyake, Kentaro Nagaya, and Takahiro Yoshimitsu. "Radiocarbon Ages of Annual Rings from Japanese Wood: Evident Age Offset Based on IntCal09." Radiocarbon 55, no. 2 (2013): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200057921.

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To investigate the radiocarbon concentration of atmospheric CO2 over the past few millennia in Japan, we measured the 14C age of annual rings from 3 Japanese trees with calendar dates ranging from ∼2000 yr old to present, and we compared the tree-ring 14C age with the corresponding 14C age from IntCal09. In some instances, the 14C ages of the annual rings of Japanese trees are not consistent with the IntCal09 data sets. Often, the 14C ages of tree rings are older than those from IntCal09, but younger than those from the SHCal04 data sets. The average shifts in the Nagoya 14C age from IntCal09 data sets and 1σ errors were determined to be +26 ± 36, +24 ± 30, +16 ± 22, +5 ± 21, and +14 ± 22 14C yr for the intervals AD 72– 382, 589–1072, 1413–1615, 1617–1739, and 1790–1860, respectively. The Japanese Archipelago is situated near the boundary of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in summer, and the 14C concentration of atmospheric CO2 over Japan can be influenced by air masses of the Southern Hemisphere with lower 14C concentrations during periods of higher solar activity and heightened East Asian summer monsoons. Our results suggest that the Japanese Archipelago is located in a critical zone where it is difficult to calibrate the 14C age of tree-ring samples using existing calibration data sets. It should be noted that calibration of the 14C dates of Japanese samples with IntCal09 may induce additional systematic shifts of calibrated ages toward older ages by about 30 yr compared with the sample optimum calendar ages.

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Ishioka, Priscila, Sílvio Alencar Marques, Amélia Toyomi Hirai, Mariangela E. A. Marques, Sérgio Henrique Hirata, and Sérgio Yamada. "Prevalence of precancerous skin lesions and non-melanoma skin cancer in Japanese-Brazilians in Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25, no. 5 (May 2009): 965–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000500003.

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Precancerous lesions and skin cancer are infrequent in Asians, and have received little documentation in the literature. Brazil has the world's largest contingent of Japanese immigrants and their descendants, and 70% live in the State of São Paulo. The prevalence of such skin lesions in Japanese-Brazilians is unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of actinic keratoses and non-melanoma skin cancer in first and second-generation Japanese-Brazilians over 30 years of age, without miscegenation, living in the city of Bauru, São Paulo State, in 2006. Of the 567 Japanese-Brazilians that underwent dermatological examination, actinic keratosis was diagnosed in 76, with a mean age of 68.9 years, and a single case of basal cell carcinoma was detected in a 39-year-old female patient. In Japan, prevalence of actinic keratosis varies from 0.76% to 5%, and the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer is 1.2 to 5.4/100 thousand. Japanese-Brazilians from Bauru showed a 13.4% prevalence of actinic keratoses and earlier age at onset. Proximity to the Equator and a history of farming contribute to these higher rates. Presence of solar melanosis was associated with a 1.9-fold risk of developing actinic keratosis.

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Lin, Tzu-Yu, and Seiichi Sakuno. "Service Quality for Sports and Active Aging in Japanese Community Sports Clubs." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 8313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228313.

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(1) Background: This study aims to examine the association between service quality for sports and active aging and the impacts on different age cohorts; (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample of 545 Japanese community sports club (CSC) members over 60 years old, recruited from across eight CSCs in Japan between 2012–2013. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure the self-reported health status of the elderly, evaluations to CSCs, demographic characteristics, and information on sports programs; (3) Results: The results of multiple logistic regression showed that domains of general evaluation for sports (OR = 1.942 and 95% CI 1.336~2.824), benefits of sports (OR = 1.659 and 95% CI 1.344~2.047), and management in sports (OR = 1.273 and 95% CI 1.011~1.603) were important for club members aged 60–64, the young-old, and the old-old, respectively. With a reduced model for elderly members, stratified analyses showed a significant impact of service quality for sports on active aged people in the benefits and management domains, regardless of sociodemographic information or club participation behavior; (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that the services encountered in sports are key to promoting health in a community. Service quality in age segmentation should be considered to promote and manage active aging in the future

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Cui, Chendi, Aya Higashiyama, Brian J. Lopresti, Masafumi Ihara, Howard J. Aizenstein, Makoto Watanabe, Yuefang Chang, et al. "Comparing Pathological Risk Factors for Dementia between Cognitively Normal Japanese and Americans." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091180.

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The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative showed that Japanese had significantly lower brain Aβ burden than Americans among a cognitively normal population. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare vascular disease burden, Aβ burden, and neurodegeneration between cognitively normal elderly Japanese and Americans. Japanese and American participants were matched for age (±4-year-old), sex, and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Brain vascular disease burden and brain Aβ burden were measured using white matter lesions (WMLs) and 11C-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) retention, respectively. Neurodegeneration was measured using hippocampal volumes and cortical thickness. A total of 95 Japanese and 95 Americans were recruited (50.5% men, mean age = 82). Compared to Americans, Japanese participants had larger WMLs, and a similar global Aβ standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR), cortical thickness and hippocampal volumes. Japanese had significantly lower regional Aβ SUVR in the anterior ventral striatum, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus. Cognitively normal elderly Japanese and Americans had different profiles regarding vascular disease and Aβ burden. This suggests that multiple risk factors are likely to be involved in the development of dementia. Additionally, Japanese might have a lower risk of dementia due to lower Aβ burden than Americans. Longitudinal follow-up of these cohorts is warranted to ascertain the predictive accuracy of these findings.

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Okamoto, Yoshihiro, Yoshimitsu Gotoh, Osamu Uemura, Soichi Tanaka, Tsunesaburo Ando, and Mikio Nishida. "Age-Dependent Decrease in Serum Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-Beta 1 in Healthy Japanese Individuals; Population Study of Serum TGF-Beta 1 Level in Japanese." Disease Markers 21, no. 2 (2005): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/381215.

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Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), a multi-functional cytokine, is involved in regulating a variety of cellular activities and the serum/plasma TGF-β1 level is altered with various diseases. However, most published reports have described adult patients, and so we investigated the clinical significance of serum TGF-β1 level in pediatric patients. The diagnostic application of the measurement of serum TGF-β1 level depends critically on the control value, however, there is no information on the control value of serum TGF-β1 for children.In the present study, we determined the serum TGF-β1 level of healthy Japanese children as a control value with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum TGF-β1 level of children (0–14 years old) was significantly higher than that of adults (over 15 years old) (p< 0.01). Thus, it is recommended that when the serum TGF-β1 levels of patients are evaluated, they should be compared with those of age-matched controls.

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Sasaki, Takashi, Yoshinori Nishimoto, Yukiko Abe, Michiyo Takayama, Nobuyoshi Hirose, Hideyuki Okano, and Yasumichi Arai. "Sex-Specific Effects of Apolipoprotein ε4 Allele on Mortality in Very Old and Centenarian Japanese Men." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 1874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz242.

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Abstract The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE ε4) allele has attracted attention as an age-related genetic factor, both in neurology and gerontology. To understand the effects of the APOE ε4 allele on mortality in elderly individuals, we combined Japanese prospective cohort studies comprising 535 very old individuals (85–99 years of age) and 930 centenarians (over 100 years of age) and analyzed the association between mortality rates and candidate factors, including the APOE ε4 allele. APOE genotyping revealed an inverse correlation between the APOE ε4 allele carrier rate and age. Additionally, APOE ε4 allele carrier rate in centenarian men was significantly lower than that in centenarian women. The association analysis between APOE ε4 allele carriers and all-cause mortality indicated that APOE ε4 carriers showed significantly higher mortality rates than the APOE ε4 noncarriers among men in the very old group. Further analysis using Cox proportional hazard models indicated that cause-specific mortalities, including pneumonia and severe dementia, were associated with APOE ε4 carriers. These findings indicate that the APOE ε4 allele shows phenotypic male-specific adverse effects in the very old, which would explain the high mortality rate observed in this group, resulting in a low APOE ε4 allele carrier rate in centenarian men.

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MATSUMOTO, YOSHIKO. "Dealing with life changes: humour in painful self-disclosures by elderly Japanese women." Ageing and Society 29, no. 6 (July 6, 2009): 929–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x0900885x.

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ABSTRACTThis paper examines the ways in which older people depict verbally the life changes that accompany old age. It reports a study of Japanese elderly women's casual conversations with their friends, during which they talked about their husbands' deaths and illnesses. A frequently observed discourse practice among old people is ‘painful self-disclosure’ (PSD), in which unhappy personal information on one's ill health, immobility or bereavement is revealed and speakers describe themselves using negative stereotypes of old age. During the observed conversations, however, the PSD accounts were frequently accompanied by humour and laughter. This paper examines the complex structure of the PSDs. To exemplify, a simple statement of death and illness given early in a conversation is later elaborated with descriptions of unremarkable domestic events, e.g. complaints about the husband's behaviour. Through shifting the frame of the narrative to quotidian normality, the elderly speakers convert painful life events to everyday matters that they can laugh about. Furthermore, it was found that the humour is sustained through interactions during which the hearers often laughed with the speaker. The study suggests that the disclosure of age-related negative experiences is not necessarily uniformly gloomy, but rather is combined with expressions of personal and social identities and nuanced and modulated through a complex resolution of the speaker's intentions and social expectations.

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Nomura, Yoshiaki, Erika Kakuta, Noboru Kaneko, Kaname Nohno, Akihiro Yoshihara, and Nobuhiro Hanada. "The Oral Microbiome of Healthy Japanese People at the Age of 90." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 6450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186450.

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For a healthy oral cavity, maintaining a healthy microbiome is essential. However, data on healthy microbiomes are not sufficient. To determine the nature of the core microbiome, the oral-microbiome structure was analyzed using pyrosequencing data. Saliva samples were obtained from healthy 90-year-old participants who attended the 20-year follow-up Niigata cohort study. A total of 85 people participated in the health checkups. The study population consisted of 40 male and 45 female participants. Stimulated saliva samples were obtained by chewing paraffin wax for 5 min. The V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were amplified by PCR. Pyrosequencing was performed using MiSeq. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned on the basis of a 97% identity search in the EzTaxon-e database. Using the threshold of 100% detection on the species level, 13 species were detected: Streptococcus sinensis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus salivarius, KV831974_s, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Veillonella dispar, Granulicatella adiacens, Streptococcus_uc, Streptococcus peroris, KE952139_s, Veillonella parvula, Atopobium parvulum, and AFQU_vs. These species represent potential candidates for the core make-up of the human microbiome.

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Kobayashi, Yoko, Kazuo Hayakawa, Rituko Hattori, Mikiko Ito, Kenji Kato, Chisato Hayashi, and Hiroshi Mikami. "Linguistic Features of Japanese Twins at 3 or 4 Years of Age Evaluated by Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.2.272.

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AbstractIn general, twins have delayed language development early in childhood compared with singletons. The purpose of this study was to clarify the overall linguistic features of twins. A Japanese version of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) was administered in 24 twin pairs (aged 3 to 4 years) at their own homes. The overall language abilities of the twins were in the normal range (based on ITPA normative data: mean scale score 36.0 ± 6.0 points), and for the ITPA subtests only, Auditory Reception fell within the range of language disorder (mean scale score 24.9 ± 5.1 points). The findings suggest that in 3- to 4-year-old Japanese twins, overall language abilities are not delayed. However, there may be specific difficulties with auditory reception skills.

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Tomizawa, Daisuke, Tomoyuki Watanabe, Ryoji Hanada, Keizo Horibe, Yasuo Horikoshi, Shotaro Iwamoto, Akitoshi Kinoshita, et al. "Outcome of Adolescent and Young Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Pediatric Protocols: A Report from the 3 Japanese Cooperative Studies." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.374.374.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: There have been conflicting results from several large pediatric AML collaborative groups comparing survival of adolescent and young adults (AYAs) to that of younger patients with AML. We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from 3 Japanese pediatric AML studies; AML99 (2000-02), AML9805 (1998-2002), and AML-05 (2006-10), conducted by the Japanese Childhood AML Cooperative Study (consisted of Tokyo Children’s Cancer Study Group (TCCSG), Japan Association of Childhood Leukemia Study (JACLS), and Kyushu Yamaguchi Children’s Cancer Study Group (KYCCSG)), the Japanese Childhood Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG), and the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group (JPLSG, the first Japanese national study group), respectively. PATIENTS & METHODS: Among the 782 patients with de novo AML (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia and Down syndrome), 44 were AYAs (age ≥15 years), 574 were age 2 to 14 years, and 164 were infants (age <2 years) at diagnosis. Because of the underlying differences in biological characteristics, further analysis on event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), cumulative incidence of relapse (RR) and treatment-related mortality (TRM) were compared between AYAs and patients 2 to 14 years old. RESULTS: 29.5% (13/44) of AYAs were t(8;21) (vs. 37.1% of 2 to 14 years old, P=0.315), 38.6% (17/44) were normal karyotype (vs. 22.0%, P=0.011), and 16.2% of the tested cases (6/37) were FLT3-ITD positive (vs. 9.4%, P=0.554). Complete remission (CR) rate after 2 induction courses was similar between AYAs and patients 2 to 14 years old: 88.6% vs. 88.8% (P=0.965). Five-year EFS rate was also similar between the two cohorts: 55.2% vs. 59.2% (P=0.578). However, 5-year OS rate was significantly poorer in AYAs: 54.7% vs 73.8% (P=0.005). Total 19 events were observed among the 44 AYA patients; 4 failures to achieve CR, 12 relapses, and 3 deaths. Fourteen out of the 16 patients with non-CR or relapse eventually died and 8 deaths were treatment-related. In fact, 5-year RR was similar between the 2 age groups (32.7% vs. 30.1%, P=0.819), but TRM was significantly higher in AYAs (33.2% vs. 12.4%, P=0.001). In multivariate analysis, using Cox proportional hazard regression model, age ≥15 years old at diagnosis, absence of low risk cytogenetics (t(8;21) or inv(16)), and no remission after initial induction course were associated with both poorer OS and higher TRM, while high white cell count at diagnosis (≥ 100,000/μL) and presence of high risk cytogenetics (-7, 5q-, t(16;21)(p11:q22)/FUS-ERG, Philadelphia chromosome, and/or FLT3-ITD) were not siginificant. CONCLUSIONS: AYAs with AML had inferior OS, but not EFS, due to higher incidence of TRM especially after failure of initial treatment. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Mori, Kazuo. "A COMPARISON OF AMUSINGNESS FOR JAPANESE CHILDREN AND SENIOR CITIZENS OF THE STORY OF LITTLE BLACK SAMBO IN THE TRADITIONAL VERSION AND A NONRACIST VERSION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 33, no. 5 (January 1, 2005): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.5.455.

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Japanese versions of The Story of Little Black Sambo (LBS) were perceived to have racist characterizations and were withdrawn from the Japanese market in 1988. A revised version of LBS was prepared that contained no words or pictures related to racism and was compared with a version of LBS published by Iwanami Publishing Co. in terms of amusingness. Fiftyfour kindergarteners, four to five years old, and 43 senior citizens, 78.9 years old on average, were read a picture book popular in Japan, followed by either the revised or the Iwanami version of LBS and then asked to judge which of the two stories was more amusing. The results showed equal levels of amusingness between the Iwanami and the revised versions of LBS in both age groups.

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Abe, Takashi, Yasuo Kawakami, Michael G. Bemben, and Tetsuo Fukunaga. "Comparison of Age-Related, Site-Specific Muscle Loss Between Young and Old Active and Inactive Japanese Women." Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy 34, no. 4 (2011): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jpt.0b013e31821c9294.

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Kereilwe, Onalenna, and Hiroya Kadokawa. "Bovine gonadotrophs express anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH): comparison of AMH mRNA and protein expression levels between old Holsteins and young and old Japanese Black females." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 4 (2019): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18341.

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Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted from ovaries and stimulates gonadotrophin secretion from bovine gonadotroph cells. Other important hormones for endocrinological gonadotroph regulation (e.g. gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, inhibin and activin) have paracrine and autocrine roles. Therefore, in this study, AMH expression in bovine gonadotroph cells and the relationships between AMH expression in the bovine anterior pituitary (AP) and oestrous stage, age and breed were evaluated. AMH mRNA expression was detected in APs of postpubertal heifers (26 months old) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Based on western blotting using an antibody to mature C-terminal AMH, AMH protein expression was detected in APs. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilising the same antibody indicated that AMH is expressed in gonadotrophs. The expression of AMH mRNA and protein in APs did not differ between oestrous phases (P>0.1). We compared expression levels between old Holsteins (79.2±10.3 months old) and young (25.9±0.6 months old) and old Japanese Black females (89.7±20.3 months old). The APs of old Holsteins exhibited lower AMH mRNA levels (P<0.05) but higher AMH protein levels than those of young Japanese Black females (P<0.05). In conclusion, bovine gonadotrophs express AMH and this AMH expression may be breed-dependent.

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Back, Ivi R., Rosana R. Oliveira, Eraldo S. Silva, and Sonia S. Marcon. "Risk Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Japanese-Brazilians." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5756726.

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Objective. To estimate which risk factors (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health conditions) are associated with overweight and obesity in Japanese-Brazilians. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study carried out with Japanese-Brazilians living in the southern region of Brazil. Data were collected between March and December of 2016 through a household survey addressing sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and health conditions. Data were analyzed by means of logistic regression considering 95% level of significance. Results. A total of 542 Japanese-Brazilians with a mean age of 47.75 years were evaluated; 52.8% were eutrophic, 36.9% were overweight, and 10.3% were people with obesity. The following variables remained associated with overweight after adjustments; male gender (ORaj = 1.85, CI = 1.24–2.76), age range of 40–49 years (ORaj = 2.27, CI = 1.10–4.68), and 50 to 59 years (ORaj = 2.17, CI = 1.004–4.72), alcohol consumption (ORaj = 2.11, CI = 1.07–4.16), and presence of chronic disease (ORaj = 1.59, CI = 1.02–2.46). The following were independent factors associated with obesity: male gender (ORaj = 3.63, CI = 1.78–7.40), the presence of chronic disease (ORaj = 4.13, CI = 1.96–8.71), the age range of 30 to 39 years (ORaj = 4.74, CI = 1.65–13.64) and 40 to 49 years (ORaj = 2.89, CI = 1.05–7.95), and irregularly active lifestyle (ORaj = 2.73, CI = 1.12–6.69). Conclusion. The results of this study show that being a male in the age range of 30–49 years old, alcohol consumption, and presence of chronic disease are associated with overweight and obesity in Japanese-Brazilians.

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Park, Young Man, Yoo Jin Seo, Kazuya Matsumoto, Harumi Shinkoda, and Kwang Pak Park. "Sleep in Relation to Age, Sex, and Chronotype in Japanese Workers." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 1 (August 1998): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.1.199.

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The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and Life Habits Inventory were administered to 622 Japanese workers matched for sex and age. We investigated the distributions of the scores on the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and sleep-wake habits by age and sex. Subjects were classified into five age groups and three chronotypes. The distributions and mean scores on the questionnaire advanced slightly toward the Morning type from the young to the aged group. The habitual bedtimes and waking times were significantly earlier in all the chronotypes from the young to the aged group, and the preferred bedtimes and waking times were also clearly earlier from the young to the aged group. The length of sleep was shorter for the Evening than the Morning types, especially in the group below 24 yr. The differences in habitual and preferred sleep length were greater than 1 hour for all age groups, especially the two groups under 34 yr. The number of awakenings during night sleep increased from the young to the aged group for all chronotypes. The older Evening type tended mote toward frequent napping and longer naptime. The variabilities of bedtime and sleep length were larger for the young and Evening type than for the old group and Morning types. Further, the mood upon waking and satisfaction with sleep length were better in the aged Evening type than the young Morning type. The women under 44 yr. woke up earlier than the men of the same age, and the women of the 35–54 yr. groups had a shorter length of sleep than others. These may be related to childcare and housework. These results indicated that the phase of circadian rhythms had moved forward from the young to the aged group, and the individual's rhythm, of those that were aged Morning types, showed better agreement with sleep-wake rhythms than did others.

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Mizuno, Ryuichi, Kimiharu Takamatsu, Nozomi Hayakawa, Takeo Kosaka, Nobuyuki Tanaka, and Mototsugu Oya. "Efficacy of systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in patients over 75 years of age." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e16080-e16080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e16080.

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e16080 Background: In the last decade, approval of targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have dramatically changed the scenario of systemic treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with improved survival. Although elderly individuals represent a consistent proportion, clinical trials have not directly compared the efficacy and safety of targeted agents in the elderly population. Methods: A total of 195 patients were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received systemic therapy for mRCC at Keio University hospital in Japan (Institutional review board approval No 2013-0425). Patients were divided into two groups (≥75 or < 75 years) according to their age at the time of systemic therapy initiation. The disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two cohorts. Results: The elderly cohort (≥75 years old) comprised of 42 patients (21.5%). The DCR for first line treatment in patients ≥75 years old and < 75 years old was 75.0 and 76.2 %, respectively (p = 0.8728). The median PFS for first line treatment in patients ≥75 years old and < 75 years old was 10.7 (95% CI 7.5–20.7) and 11.6 (95% CI 9.7–16.3) months, respectively (p = 0.6074). The median OS for systemic treatment in patients ≥75 years old and < 75 years old was 37.3 (95% CI 18.0–65.2) and 45.5 (95% CI 35.1–56.8) months, respectively (p = 0.0424). Conclusions: Systemic treatment for mRCC was feasible and effective in Japanese patients over 75 years of age.

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Murayama, Sachiko, Erika Kobayashi, Masataka Kuraoka, Kumiko Nonaka, Motoki Tanaka, Yuta Nemoto, Hiroshi Murayama, and Yoshinori Fujiwara. "Generativity Among Japanese Elderly: Its Association With Demographic Characteristics and Health Indicators." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1363.

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Abstract Generativity is defined as concern and activity dedicated to contributing to the welfare of others, especially younger generations. Although generativity is postulated to be an important developmental task in old age, there are few reports of its related factors in Asian countries. The purpose of our study is to examine the gender difference of generativity and to explore the defining factors among Japanese elderly. During August to September 2016, we conducted a questionnaire survey for randomly selected 1,187 people aged 65–84 years in the Tokyo area (527 males, 660 females, mean age 72.6 years±5.5), and measured the following variables: generativity, gender, age, length of residence, parental status (having children or grandchildren), working status, commitment to child-rearing activities, mental health (WHO-5 scores), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). As a result of Student’s t-test, we found that males scored significantly higher on generativity than females (t=2.678, df=1067.097, p<.01). Moreover, we carried out multiple regression analysis, separated by gender. The results showed that, only among males, generativity was positively related to age (β=.096, p<.05) and having children (β=.148, p<.001). In addition, we found that generativity was positively associated with the following variables in both genders: having jobs, commitment to child-rearing activities, mental health, and IADLs (β=.081–.318, p=.000–.032). Among them, mental health and IADLs especially had strong effects on generativity (β=.188–.318, p<.001). We have concluded that the related factors of generativity differ between males and females, but regardless of gender, health indicators are strongly associated with generativity in old age.

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Elsy, Putri. "Elderly care in the society 5.0 and kaigo rishoku in Japanese hyper-ageing society." Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies) 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v4i2.2448.

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The Japanese demography is drastically changing. It has seen a rapid increase in the elderly population and a decrease in the birth rate. This caused Japan to be a hyper-ageing society. Japanese’s first Baby-boomers who were born in 1947-1949 are now entering old age. Elderly care is a major problem in Japan. Children and care-workers for elderly parents are scarce. Therefore, the second Baby-boomers (born in 1971-1974) aged 40-50 years old have quit working to care for their elderly parents. This situation is known as ‘kaigo rishoku.’ This study looked into the practice of elderly care in Japanese 5.0 Society. Society 5.0 is a concept developed by Japan. It is human-centred and technology-based. In society 5.0, robots and the internet play an essential role in human life. Therefore, we proposed a critical question: Can robots replace humans to care for the elderly in Society 5.0? This study used the qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and descriptive analysis. The results revealed that although robots can assist elderly care, due to the high cost, only a certain elderly can buy them. Therefore, in order for robots to become caregivers of the future, mass production is needed. Thus, robots can be marketed at relatively lower prices. However, sick elderly who live alone still need human assistance. On the one hand, technology helps human life in Society 5.0. On the other hand, the human touch is still necessary for elderly care.

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Segawa, Takahiro, Takahiro Yonezawa, Hiroshi Mori, Ayumi Akiyoshi, Morten E. Allentoft, Ayako Kohno, Fuyuki Tokanai, Eske Willerslev, Naoki Kohno, and Hidenori Nishihara. "Ancient DNA reveals multiple origins and migration waves of extinct Japanese brown bear lineages." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 8 (August 2021): 210518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210518.

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Little is known about how mammalian biogeography on islands was affected by sea-level fluctuations. In the Japanese Archipelago, brown bears ( Ursus arctos ) currently inhabit only Hokkaido, the northern island, but Pleistocene fossils indicate a past distribution throughout Honshu, Japan's largest island. However, the difficulty of recovering ancient DNA from fossils in temperate East Asia has limited our understanding of their evolutionary history. Here, we analysed mitochondrial DNA from a 32 500-year-old brown bear fossil from Honshu. Our results show that this individual belonged to a previously unknown lineage that split approximately 160 Ka from its sister lineage, the southern Hokkaido clade. This divergence time and fossil record suggest that brown bears migrated from the Eurasian continent to Honshu at least twice; the first population was an early-diverging lineage (greater than 340 Ka), and the second migrated via Hokkaido after approximately 160 Ka, during the ice age. Thus, glacial-age sea-level falls might have facilitated migrations of large mammals more frequently than previously thought, which may have had a substantial impact on ecosystem dynamics in these isolated islands.

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Vieira, Fabiano Paiva, Arnaldo Pinzan, Guilherme Janson, Thais Maria Freire Fernandes, Renata Carvalho Sathler, and Rafael Pinelli Henriques. "Facial height in Japanese-Brazilian descendants with normal occlusion." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 5 (October 2014): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.5.054-066.oar.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the standards of facial height in 30 young (14-year-old) Japanese-Brazilian descendants with normal occlusion, and assess whether sexual dimorphism is evident. METHODS: The cephalometric measurements used followed the analyses by Wylie-Johnson, Siriwat-Jarabak, Gebeck, Merrifield and Horn. RESULTS: Results showed dimorphism for total anterior facial height (TAFH), lower anterior facial height (LAFH), anterior facial height (AFH), total posterior facial height (TPFH) and upper posterior facial height (UPFH) measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The standards of facial heights in young Japanese-Brazilian descendants with normal occlusion were observed. Sexual dimorphism was identified in five out of thirteen evaluated variables at this age range.

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Sasaki, Takashi, Yoshinori Nishimoto, Takumi Hirata, Yukiko Abe, Toru Takebayashi, and Yasumichi Arai. "ALDH2 p.E504K Variation and Sex Are Major Factors Associated with Current and Quitting Alcohol Drinking in Japanese Oldest Old." Genes 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060799.

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This study identified the factors associated with current and quitting alcohol drinking in the Oldest Old to better understand the associated factors and mechanisms underlying drinking behaviors in this age group. Results of a questionnaire for drinking behavior in 1015 Japanese Oldest Old citizens aged 85 to 89 years revealed that 56.0% of men and 24.0% of women were current drinkers. A genome-wide association study revealed that the rs671 G > A variation, which corresponds to the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) p.E504K missense variant, was significantly associated with current drinking (odds ratio: 3.8, p = 3.33 × 10−31). Variable selection with 41 factors and multivariate regression logistic analysis for current drinking indicated that the rs671 genotype and sex were the most significant factors in the Oldest Old. Further analysis revealed that the rs671 genotype, alcohol-associated biomarkers, a history of heart or kidney disease, and frailty score are factors associated with quitting drinking in the Oldest Old men, whereas smoking history, walking time, and depression score were factors associated with quitting drinking in the Oldest Old women. These results indicate that the ALDH2 p.E504K variation is a major factor associated with current and quitting drinking in the Japanese Oldest Old.

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Kosilov, Kirill, Hiroki Amedzawa, Irina Kuzina, Vladimir Kuznetsov, and Liliya Kosilova. "The Impact of Variable Factors on the Health-Related Quality of Life in the Elderly in Japan and Russia." Current Aging Science 13, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874609812666191105141438.

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Aim: The study of the impact of socio-economic, demographic factors and polymorbidity on the quality of life associated with health (HRQoL) in elderly people from Japan and Russia. Background: Factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly in both countries are poorly understood. Objective: Make a comparative analysis of factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly of both sexes in Japan and Russia. Methods: The age range in this study is 65-95 years old. For the study of HRQoL, a questionnaire Health Status Survey-Short Form 36v2 was used, including two main domains: physical and mental health. The level of polymorbidity was studied using CIRS-G. The linear regression model of the influence of variables upon HRQoL was calculated for SES, demographic characteristics, and morbidity. Results: Strong associations with HRQoL in the combined sample had a living together with relatives (r=6.94 (5.17-8.72) p<0,05), the incidence rate (r=8.50 (5.51-11.49), p<0.01) and the older age (r=5.39 (2.63-8.16), p<0,01.). The elderly inhabitants of Japan had a higher self-assessment for physical health in the age ranges 65-74 and over 85 years old (p<0.05), and a higher selfassessment of mental health at the age of 75-84 years old. Sixty-eight elderly Japanese and 48% Russians estimated their physical health as normal. Conclusion: The effect of living together, morbidity and age upon HRQoL is manifested equally strongly both among the inhabitants of Japan and among the Russians. The elderly Japanese estimate the state of physical and mental health as a whole higher than their Russian peers.

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Yoshihara, Tatsuya, Masayoshi Zaitsu, Kazuya Ito, Ryuzo Hanada, Eunhee Chung, Rie Yazawa, Yukikuni Sakata, et al. "Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration in Healthy Older Japanese Volunteers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 8683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168683.

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The concentration of cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) is important for the diagnosis of neurological emergencies. Recently, some Western studies have shown that the current upper reference limit of CSF-TP is quite low for older patients. However, little is reported about the concentration of CSF-TP in the older Asian population. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the CSF-TP concentrations in healthy older Japanese volunteers. CSF samples in 69 healthy Japanese volunteers (age range: 55–73 years) were collected by lumbar puncture, and the data of CSF were retrospectively analyzed. The mean (standard deviation) CSF-TP was 41.7 (12.3) mg/dL. The older group (≥65 years old) had higher CSF-TP concentration than the younger group (55–64 years old). The 2.5th percentile and 97.5th percentile of CSF-TP were estimated as 22.5 and 73.2 mg/dL, respectively, which were higher than the current reference range in Japan (10–40 mg/dL). Conclusions: The reference interval of CSF-TP in the older population should be reconsidered for the precise diagnosis of neurological emergencies.

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Ishioka, Yoshiko L., Midori Takayama, and Ikuko Sugawara. "PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AND COGNITIVE CHANGES AMONG OLD-OLD ADULTS: RESULTS FROM 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP PERIOD." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2556.

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Abstract The association between activity engagement and late-life cognitive function is considered to depend on the characteristics of the activity, the cognitive processes it involves, and the life stage of participants. A better understanding of this association is required to comprehend cognitive function in old age. The present study examined the association between baseline activity engagement and cognitive changes across a 3-year period among old-old adults. We extracted data for 873 Japanese community-dwelling participants from data of the Keio-Kawasaki Aging Study. We assessed cognitive performance thrice (at baseline, 1.5-year follow-up, and 3-year follow-up) using a short version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination. For the subsequent analyses, we used three measures of cognitive function: total score, orientation, and concentration, which showed diverse individual differences. We measured the frequency of physical activity and social group participation at baseline. Using conditional latent growth curve models, we examined which baseline activity was associated with the three measures of cognitive function over 3 years. Greater physical activity was significantly related to higher rate of orientation, after adjusting for age and education (β = −.261, p < .001). Social activity was significantly related to rates of higher total cognitive score (β = −.276, p < .001) and higher orientation (β = −.207, p < .001). These findings suggest that the association between activity engagement and late-life cognitive function among old-old adults varies by activity type and cognitive domain.

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Goukon, Ayumu, Toru Suzuki, and Kazuhito Noguchi. "Impairment in the Recognition of Facial Expression: A Case Study." Psychological Reports 105, no. 1 (August 2009): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.1.232-234.

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In this study, a case (HY) is described. This man, now 25 yr. old, lived in a persistent vegetative state for 6 yr. after encephalitis at the age of 10 yr. He was reportedly impaired at recognizing fear, and in everyday life, apparently had impaired recognition of anger as well. In testing with facial expressions, no obvious differences between HY and normal controls in anger perceptions were found. In this study, Japanese and Caucasian models of facial expression were used; on these tests, HY was impaired at recognizing facial expressions of anger only in the Japanese models.

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Zhong, Jia-xin. "Old Age in Japan: The Living Conditions of Japanese Who were Born in China and Return to Japan." Journal of Asian Culture Society International 16, no. 16 (2009): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.6031/jacsi.16.41.

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Victoria, O., T. R. Fayeye, K. Luke Ayorinde, and H. Olojede. "Relationship between Body Weight and Linear Body Measurements in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)." Journal of Scientific Research 6, no. 1 (December 30, 2013): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16368.

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A total of 108 two-weeks-old Japanese quail chicks were used to study the relationship between body weight and linear measurements and to predict body weight from linear measurements of body length (BL), body girth (BG), wing length (WL), shank length (SL), shank diameter (SD) and drum stick (DS).The results showed that the mean quail birds body weights were 35.23g and 143.78g, at 2nd and 8th weeks, respectively. Body weight gain was increased between 2 and 6 weeks of age and thereafter decreased with advancing age. Female birds were significantly (P< 0.05) heavier than those of male counterpart at 6th and 8th weeks of age. Significantly positive correlations (P<0.01) were obtained between body weight and body measurements at 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks. The best correlation was obtained between body weight and body girth at the 2nd week of age (0.70). The estimates of coefficient of determination and predictive equations show that body weight in Japanese quail is linearly related to body measurements especially with body girth and body length. The study shows that it is possible for breeders to use BG and BL as criteria for assessment and early selection of Japanese quail for body weight. Keywords: Japanese quail; Body weight; Linear measurements; Correlation © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i1.16368 J. Sci. Res. 6 (1), 175-183 (2014)

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Antalíková, J., M. Baranovská, and J. Jankela. "The effect of branched chain amino acids on proteosynthesis in skeletal muscles of japanese quail during ontogenesis." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 4 (December 12, 2011): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4291-cjas.

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Abstract:

We studied the influence of branched chain amino acids on the muscle proteosynthesis of Japanese quail during ontogenesis. We used in vitro incubation of these muscles: musculus extensor metacarpalis radialis (EMR) – wing muscle, musculus ambiens (MA) – leg muscle. The incorporation of 14C-tyrosine into the individual protein fractions was evaluated. Influences of valine, leucine and isoleucine on proteosynthesis on day 14, 28 and 53 of life of Japanese quails were compared. Different patterns of individual protein fractions were detected. During ontogenesis, in the MA the number of fractions remained unchanged while in the EMR it differed. Four fractions with molecular weight 200–1 000 kDa present on day 14 and 28 were absent on day 53. A new fraction over 200 kDa was detected on day 53. The 14C-tyrosine incorporation after leucine treatment was enhanced only in the MA of 28 days old quails. The protein content in the EMR decreased (50%) in several fractions. The addition of valine had no effect in the MA while in the EMR the protein content decreased in 14 and 28 days old quails. The incorporation of 14C-tyrosine was decreased by the influence of isoleucine in the EMR of 28 and 53 days old quails, in the MA only in 28 days old birds. We assume that the effect of regulatory amino acids on proteosynthesis depends both on muscle type and on the age of Japanese quail.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Old age Japanese'

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