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Journal articles on the topic 'Okun'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Cutanda, Antonio. "Stability and asymmetry in Okun’s law: Evidence from Spanish regional data." Panoeconomicus, no. 00 (2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan191203012c.

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This paper analyzes Okun?s Law for Spain using regional data. The results confirm a very high Okun coefficient for Spain, with a high degree of regional heterogeneity. Furthermore, we find that panel data techniques provide notably more stable estimates than time series techniques applied to the same regional data. Finally, the results reveal a remarkable degree of regional heterogeneity in cyclical asymmetry in Okun?s Law for the Spanish case.

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2

Caraiani, P. "Bayesian estimation of the Okun coefficient for Romania." Acta Oeconomica 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.60.2010.1.5.

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In this paper I use a New Keynesian model with unemployment and estimate it for the Romanian economy using Bayesian techniques. I use the estimated model to derive an estimation of the Okun coefficient. I alternatively estimate the Okun coefficient using the Bayesian linear regression. The results show that the Okun coefficient is high in the Romanian economy implying that the current crisis will have a severe impact on the labour market as well as important social effects.

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3

Sánchez Fung, José R. "Producto, desempleo y la ley de Okun en la República Dominicana." Ciencia y Sociedad 40, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 613–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/cys.2015.v40i3.pp613-637.

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El artículo investiga la Ley de Okun para la República Dominicana durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX y la primera década del XXI. El análisis econométrico estima un coeficiente de Okun implicando que, en promedio, cada 1 porciento de cre-cimiento en el producto real genera una reducción de 0.5 puntos porcentuales en el nivel del desempleo. Pero las estimaciones recursivas revelan que el coeficiente de Okun ha caído en los últimos cuarenta años alcanzando -0.88 en 1966 y registrando -0.5 en 2013. El desplome del coeficiente de Okun y la inercia en el número de trabajadores clasificados fuera de la oferta de trabajo pueden ayudar en la explicación de episodios de “crecimiento sin empleo” observados en la República Dominicana. El análisis también revela que el crecimiento anual promedio del producto real necesario para mantener estable la tasa de desempleo es 4.5%.

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4

Voloshin, Mikhail, and Sidney Drell. "Lev Borisovich Okun." Physics Today 69, no. 5 (May 2016): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.3177.

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5

Duran, Hasan. "Validity of Okun’s Law in a spatially dependent and cyclical asymmetric context." Panoeconomicus, no. 00 (2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan190529003d.

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The current article analyzes the validity of Okun?s Law and sizable distortions that can occur in the estimation when spatial dependence and cyclical asymmetric impacts are not considered, which is a concern commonly ignored by the existing literature. Primarily spatial panel regressions (SDM, SAR, and SEM) and nonparametric regressions along with specification tests are adopted in terms of the methodology (such as panel unit root tests, panel cointegration, Moran?s I and Geary?s C tests of global spatial dependence, spatial LM, and Hausman tests). Additionally, spatial heterogeneity and cross-regional variation in Okun?s Law are investigated by adopting geographically weighted regression, LISA (local indicators for spatial association), and local Geary?s C analysis. A panel of 26 Turkish NUTS-2 regions from 2004 to 2018 was analyzed. The results clearly revealed that failing to incorporate spatial proximity and asymmetric cycle impacts leads to the biased estimation of Okun?s coefficient, such that during the downswing years of the national economy, Okun?s Law holds robustly: unemployment increases quickly in response to a decline in output. In contrast, during upswing years, the size of Okun?s coefficient is relatively much lower. Moreover, spatial dependence and heterogeneity are sizably evident. Okun?s coefficient is demonstrated to vary significantly across regions that have different industrial and labor market characteristics. As a policy implication, it has been understood that the reduction of unemployment is more difficult than initially understood, as economic growth itself does not provide a solution during upswing periods. The necessary special and region-specific policies are discussed throughout the text.

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6

Darman, Darman. "Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran: Analisis Hukum Okun." Winners 14, no. 1 (March 29, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/tw.v14i1.639.

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The concept of a negative relationship between economic growth (Gross Domestic Product) and unemployment rate is known as Okun's law (Okun's Law) or the Okun coefficient. The application of Okun's law in Indonesia uses time series data from 1999 to 2013. The method used is the difference version of Okun's law to gain Okun coefficient and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis to obtain the regression coefficients. In a macro-economic framework, Okun's law states that if the GDP grows at 2.5% above the trend, which has been achieved in a given year, the unemployment rate will fall by 1 %. From various studies conducted by several researchers can be seen that the Okun coefficient in each different country. In Indonesia, the scientific literature that specifically raised the Okun's law does not available, so the study aims to look at how the application of Okun's law in Indonesia The results showed that Okun's law applies in Indonesia, where the Okun coefficient is negative. The unemployment rate tends to increase in line with GDP growth reached.

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7

Alabi, A. S., J. T. Adeleye, S. B. Kareem, F. S. Lewu, and A. O. Oyewopo. "Determination of stature from cephalic indices among Okun and Ebira ethnic groups of Kogi State in Nigeria." Anatomy Journal of Africa 8, no. 2 (September 13, 2019): 1626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v8i2.189706.

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Cephalic index is an important feature that characterizes different races. The study aimed at comparing the cephalic indices between the two genders and to determine the stature among Okun and Ebira ethnic groups in Nigeria. The subjects were measured for cephalic length, breadth and subject height and the cephalic indices were calculated by dividing the cephalic breadth by cephalic length, and then multiply by 100. 844 subjects of Okun and Ebira origin of Kogi state were measured, 211 males and 211 females for each tribe were measured. Fischer’s formula was used to determine the sample size because the population size is > 10,000. The cephalic breadth and length was measured using a spreading caliper and the subject height was measured with a stadiometer. The data was analyzed using Pearson’s Chisquare analysis test for association, trends and distribution difference of the pattern (confidence level at 95%). The mean cephalic indices of both Okun and Ebira ethnic group were >75 and >70 which belongs to mesocephalic and doliocephalic group respectively. There were significant differences in cephalic indices between both ethnic groups (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in cephalic indices between males and females of each ethnic group. Stature was better predicted from cephalic indices for Ebira males (r= 0.386) when compared to the Ebira females (r= 0.127), Okun males (r= 0.296) and Okun females (r = 0.268). All predictions were significant except for Ebira females.Keywords: mesocephalic, doliocephalic, cephalic indices, stature, sex

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8

Dixon, Robert, G. C. Lim, and Jan C. van Ours. "Revisiting the Okun relationship." Applied Economics 49, no. 28 (November 18, 2016): 2749–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1245846.

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9

Brincikova, Zuzana, and Lubomir Darmo. "The Impact of Economic Growth on Gender Specific Unemployment in the EU." Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University - Economics 62, no. 3 (November 1, 2015): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aicue-2015-0026.

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Abstract The relationship between unemployment and economic growth is known as Okun´s Law. Okun´s Law is used to estimate the reaction of unemployment rate on change in GDP growth. The purpose of this paper is therefore to examine the possibly asymmetric relationship between changes in output and gender specific unemployment rates by estimating Okun´s coefficients for all countries of the EU, as well as for selected groups of the EU countries. These groups include countries with similar characteristics that differ from other groups and represent the diversity among the EU. The results confirm that male unemployment is more sensitive to changes in GDP than the unemployment of females. Furthermore, findings differ on the country´s specifics with higher sensitivity in countries with lower economic performance.

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10

Ramenofsky, Samuel D., and Peter G. Malliaris. "Aspects of Economic Activity And Unemployment." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2011): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v3i1.6552.

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In a seminal paper, Okun (1962) investigated the relationship between potential GNP and levels of unemployment in order to identify the loss of national output due to unemployment. From this investigation, a significant macroeconomic relationship was established which received the name Okuns Law. According to Okuns Law, each percentage point of unemployment above 4 percent of the labor force implies a 3 percent gap of foregone potential output. The original study used quarterly data from 1947 to 1960 and employed ordinary least-squares analysis as its primary statistical method. Since Okuns (1962) original work, several studies appears investigating the same issue and extending the original scope. Here we do not intent to survey the literature on Okuns Law; a good summary of the various studies may be found in Tatom (1978). Instead, what we propose to do is first, to replicate Okuns model for the period 1948-1979 and second, and more importantly, to use a superior econometric technique, namely Cochran-Orcutt regression analysis. This technique requires autocorrelation and allows for a better appraisal of the output-unemployment relationship in Okuns original structural equations.

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11

Ochoa Gonzalez, Carlos. "La produccion y el Desempleo UNA RELACIÓN O SIMPLE COINCIDENCIA Ley de OKUN para el Ecuador." Ciencia Unemi 1, no. 2 (July 8, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol1iss2.2008pp42-47p.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la relación existente entre la tasa de crecimiento del PIB real y la tasa de desempleo en el Ecuador. Esta relación recibe el nombre de Ley de Okun , la cual fue descubierta por el economista Arthur Okun en el año 1962, y sostiene que un elevado crecimiento crea una disminución en la tasa de desempleo del país, porque las empresas deben contratar más trabajadores para incrementar más su producción .

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12

Okun, Herbert S. "Introductory Remarks by Ambassador Okun." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 90 (1996): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700086894.

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13

FAGIOLO, G., G. DOSI, and R. GABRIELE. "MATCHING, BARGAINING, AND WAGE SETTING IN AN EVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF LABOR MARKET AND OUTPUT DYNAMICS." Advances in Complex Systems 07, no. 02 (June 2004): 157–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525904000135.

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In this paper, we present an agent-based, evolutionary, model of output- and labor-market dynamics. Firms produce a homogeneous, perishable good under constant returns to scale using labor only. Labor productivities are firm-specific and change stochastically due to technical progress. The key feature of the model resides in an explicit microfoundation of the processes of : (i) matching between firms and workers, (ii) job search, (iii) wage setting, (iv) endogenous formation of aggregate demand, and (v) endogenous price formation. Moreover, we allow for a competitive process entailing selection of firms on the basis of their revealed competitiveness. Simulations show that the model is able to robustly reproduce Beveridge, Wage and Okun curves under quite broad behavioral and institutional settings. The system generates endogenously an Okun coefficient greater than one even if individual firms employ production functions exhibiting constant returns to labor. Monte Carlo simulations also indicate that statistically detectable shifts in Okun and Beveridge curves emerge as the result of changes in institutional, behavioral, and technological parameters. Finally, the model generates sharp predictions about how system parameters affect aggregate performance (i.e. average GDP growth) and its volatility.

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14

Yahia, Abdellah Kori. "Estimation of Okun Coefficient for Algeria." International Journal of Youth Economy 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18576/ijye/020102.

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15

Lodewijks, John. "ARTHUR M. OKUN: ECONOMICS FOR POLICYMAKING." Journal of Economic Surveys 2, no. 3 (September 1988): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.1988.tb00046.x.

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16

Virén, Matti. "The Okun curve is non-linear." Economics Letters 70, no. 2 (February 2001): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(00)00370-0.

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17

LODEWIJKS, JOHN. "ARTHUR OKUN AND THE LUCASIAN CRITIQUE." Australian Economic Papers 27, no. 51 (December 1988): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.1988.tb00684.x.

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18

Voloshin, M. B., Mikhail I. Vysotskii, Semen S. Gershtein, Sergei I. Godunov, Mikhail V. Danilov, Aleksandr D. Dolgov, Boris L. Ioffe, et al. "In memory of Lev Borisovich Okun." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 185, no. 12 (2015): 1345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0185.201512i.1345.

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19

Voloshin, M. B., M. I. Vysotsky, S. S. Gershtein, S. I. Godunov, M. V. Danilov, A. D. Dolgov, B. L. Ioffe, et al. "In memory of Lev Borisovich Okun." Physics-Uspekhi 58, no. 12 (December 31, 2015): 1225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufne.0185.201512i.1345.

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20

Board, Editorial. "Meeting 30 / VI." Kazan medical journal 20, no. 6 (August 11, 2021): 668–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj76825.

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21

Voloshin, M. B., V. N. Gribov, A. D. Dolgov, Boris L. Ioffe, I. Yu Kobzarev, V. I. Kogan, A. B. Migdal, et al. "Lev Borisovich Okun' (on his sixtieth birthday)." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 158, no. 7 (1989): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0158.198907i.0541.

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22

Shuaibu, Mukhtar, Shafiu Ibrahim Abdullahi, Muhammad Muazu Yusuf, and Mustapha Yusufu. "Economic Growth and Labour Market Dynamics in Nigeria: Further Evidence from ARDL Bound Testing." Sumerianz Journal of Economics and Finance, no. 41 (February 26, 2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjef.41.35.40.

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Recently the phenomenon of jobless growth has become common, defying the famous Okun law which predicted increase in job with increase in economic growth. Many factors have been advanced as explanations for this, most prominent of which are changes in the labour market and lopsidedness in economic growth. This paper is an attempt to measure labour market dynamics in Nigeria focusing on the relationship between economic growth and unemployment. The paper used data from 1991 to 2020 and employed GMM and ARDL models to analyze the data. Unlike the Okun law which prophesies negative relationship between unemployment and economic growth, the result from this analysis show that there is positive relationship between unemployment and economic growth, confirming the existence of the phenomenon of jobless growth in Nigeria. The paper recommended structural changes in the economy and the labour market.

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23

Andújar Scheker, Julio G. "Comentario al artículo: "Producto, desempleo y la ley de Okun en la República Dominicana"." Ciencia y Sociedad 40, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/cys.2015.v40i3.pp639-646.

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Este texto describe un modelo empírco para estimar la relación de largo plazo entre el cremiento y el desempleo en la República Dominicana. Siendo el primer economista en estimar dicha relación el profesor Arthur Okun de la Universidad de Yale.

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24

Horstkötter, André. ""The Big Tradeoff" von Arthur M. Okun." WiSt - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium 36, no. 5 (2007): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0340-1650-2007-5-259.

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Vysotsky, M. I., Semen S. Gershtein, Valentin I. Zakharov, Vladimir S. Imshennik, Aleksei B. Kaidalov, Vladimir I. Kogan, Aleksei Yu Morozov, et al. "Lev Borisovich Okun (on his 80th birthday)." Physics-Uspekhi 52, no. 7 (July 31, 2009): 757–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufne.0179.200907l.0805.

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26

Voloshin, M. B., V. N. Gribov, Aleksandr D. Dolgov, Boris L. Ioffe, I. Yu Kobzarev, Vladimir I. Kogan, A. B. Migdal, et al. "Lev Borisovich Okun' (on his sixtieth birthday)." Soviet Physics Uspekhi 32, no. 7 (July 31, 1989): 643–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1989v032n07abeh002742.

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27

Vysotskii, Mikhail I., Semen S. Gershtein, Mikhail V. Danilov, Valentin I. Zakharov, Boris L. Ioffe, Vladimir I. Kogan, A. Yu Morozov, et al. "Lev Borisovich Okun' (on his seventieth birthday)." Physics-Uspekhi 42, no. 7 (July 31, 1999): 731–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1999v042n07abeh000632.

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28

Okun, Herbert S. "Summary of Remarks by Herbert S. Okun." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 94 (2000): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700055646.

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29

Straussman, Jeffrey D., and Katalin Fabian. "Local Government Finance in Hungary: Okun Revisited." Public Budgeting Finance 14, no. 4 (December 1994): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5850.01021.

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30

Vysotskii, M. I., Semen S. Gershtein, Valentin I. Zakharov, V. S. Imshennik, A. B. Kaidalov, V. I. Kogan, A. Yu Morozov, et al. "Lev Borisovich Okun (on his 80th birthday)." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 179, no. 7 (2009): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0179.200907l.0805.

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31

Vysotskii, M. I., Semen S. Gershtein, Mikhail V. Danilov, Valentin I. Zakharov, Boris L. Ioffe, V. I. Kogan, A. Yu Morozov, et al. "Lev Borisovich Okun' (on his seventieth birthday)." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 169, no. 7 (1999): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0169.199907k.0817.

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32

Chen, Qinghan. "A New Okun Coefficient Based on AEPD." International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics 11, no. 1 (2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijapm.2021.11.1.17-24.

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33

Franklin Sam, Oslund Rains. "Estimación de la relación PIB desempleo: Nicaragua 1980 – 2011." Universidad y Ciencia 9, no. 14 (July 26, 2017): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/uyc.v9i14.4555.

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En el artículo se examina las tres especificaciones de la llamada ley de Okun el cual estable la relación entre el desempleo, la producción y el producto potencial. Así mismo, se aplica una especificación de esta evidencia empírica a Nicaragua. Las conclusiones sugieren ampliar el modelo porque sugiere histéresis.

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34

Gusinsky, Susana, Moira Carrió, Daniela Torrente, Matías Hisgen, and Elena Alfonso. "Chaco: crecimiento económico y la Ley de Okun." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, no. 7 (December 19, 2011): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/rfce.071162.

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<p>El presente trabajo se propuso, como objetivos principales, describir la senda de crecimiento del PGB de la provincia del Chaco junto con sus componentes, sondear la evolución de la tasa de desempleo y la tasa de empleo del Gran Resistencia y relacionar el crecimiento del producto con el comportamiento de la tasa de desempleo, especialmente durante la última década. Para ello se analiza, en primer lugar, la evolución del PGB provincial y del mercado laboral del Gran Resistencia. En segundo lugar, se estudia la evolución de las tasas de desempleo, empleo y actividad. El trabajo se completa a través de un análisis econométrico de la relación tasa de crecimiento/tasa de desempleo, utilizando la “Ley de Okun”, a los fines de observar la incidencia que tiene el crecimiento de la actividad económica sobre el desempleo.</p>

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35

Bartosik, Krzysztof. "Temporary contracts and Okun?s law in Poland." Equilibrium 15, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 735–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2020.032.

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Research background: The share of temporary workers in Poland is one of the largest of any EU country, which may affect the output unemployment relationship. The Polish case seems to be a natural experiment. Contrary to many advanced European countries, the spread of temporary contracts in Poland was not caused by labor market reform but instead resulted mainly from spontaneous processes. Purpose of the article: This paper investigates the effect of the widespread use of temporary contracts on the relationship between output and unemployment in Poland. Methods: The analysis is based on the ?dynamic? version of Okun?s law and uses OLS regression, OLS split-sample regression and OLS rolling regression. The sample period is 1996?2018. Findings & Value added: The study found that unemployment?s sensitivity to output increased over time and was related to the greater use of temporary contracts, particularly among young people and women. Initially, at the turn of the 21st century, the expansion of temporary jobs changed the employment composition and had an insignificant effect on unemployment since firms mainly replaced permanent contracts with temporary contracts. Then, starting around 2006, temporary contracts began affecting unemployment levels and unemployment?s responsiveness to output. During this period, firms used temporary contracts as the main workforce adjustment device during the business cycle.

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36

TÜZÜN, Osman, Ramazan EKİNCİ, and Fatih CEYLAN. "Okun Yasasının MIDAS Regresyon ile Analizi: Türkiye Örneği." İzmir İktisat Dergisi 35, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24988/ije.202035104.

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Vinokurov, Evgeny. "Charles Cobb & Paul Douglas vs Arthur Okun." Herald of CEMI, no. 1 (2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/s265838870008795-7.

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38

Hawkins, Raymond J., and Yichu Li. "Okun loops and anelastic relaxation in the G7." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 576 (August 2021): 126047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2021.126047.

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39

Astari, Mayra, Lies Maria Hamzah, and Arivina Ratih. "Hukum OKUN: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Tingkat Pengangguran di Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 8, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jep.v8i1.32.

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This study examined the validity of Okun's Law on the Indonesian economy by using the difference version of Okun's Law to obtain the Okun coefficient. This study uses the analysis of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). The estimation results concluded that Okun's Law proved to have a negative and significant effect on the Indonesian economy because the variable economic growth was shown to influence the unemployment variable statistically.

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40

Weissman, Dick. "Milton Okun, as told to Richard Sparks. Along the Cherry Lane: Tales from the Life of Music Industry Legend Milton Okun." Journal of the Music and Entertainment Industry Educators Association 12, no. 1 (2012): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25101/12.16.

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41

Franklin Sam, Oslund Rains. "Un análisis de la producción y el desempleo en Nicaragua 1980-2014." Ciencia e Interculturalidad 22, no. 1 (October 5, 2018): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rci.v22i1.6562.

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En este artículo, se han expuesto las tres especificaciones empíricas desarrollados por Arthur Okun (Okun, 1962), economista norteamericano, quien estableció la relación entre crecimiento productivo y desempleo de Estados Unidos a partir de los datos recogidos durante los años 50. La metodología es cuantitativa al partir de la ecuación primeras diferencias, para estimar la relación empírica entre producción y empleo, utilizando datos desde la década de los 80 hasta el 2014 con frecuencia anual publicados por el Banco Central de Nicaragua, pero teniendo en cuenta que hubo cambios en el cálculo del año base de los datos del PIB real. Los cálculos efectuados en el desarrollo del modelo se hicieron utilizando el software libre econométrico Gretl disponible en internet. El enfoque estadístico se ha centrado en la introducción de una tendencia estocástica en el modelo de regresión, valorando los cambios estructurales de los últimos años en la economía nicaragüense. Se demostró que hay una relación positiva entre producción y desempleo, es decir, un aumento de un 1% del producto va acompañado con un aumento en el desempleo de un 0.18%. Las variables se mueven en la misma dirección, contradiciendo la teoría económica.

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42

Aaronson, Stephanie R., Mary C. Daly, William L. Wascher, and David W. Wilcox. "Okun Revisited: Who Benefits Most from a Strong Economy." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2019, no. 072 (September 2019): 1–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2019.072.

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43

Hairault, Jean-Olivier, François Langot, and Franck Portier. "Efficiency and stabilization: reducing Harberger triangles and Okun gaps." Economics Letters 70, no. 2 (February 2001): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(00)00367-0.

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44

Greer, David. "Christopher W. Hess, MD, and Michael S. Okun, MD." Seminars in Neurology 37, no. 02 (May 16, 2017): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603312.

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45

Aaronson, Stephanie R., Mary C. Daly, William L. Wascher, and David W. Wilcox. "Okun Revisited: Who Benefits Most from a Strong Economy?" Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2019, no. 1 (2019): 333–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eca.2019.0004.

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46

Sheffrin, Steven M., and Joseph A. Pechman. "Economics for Policymaking: Selected Essays of Arthur M. Okun." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 18, no. 2 (May 1986): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1992212.

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47

Bod’a, Martin, and Mariana Považanová. "Output-unemployment asymmetry in Okun coefficients for OECD countries." Economic Analysis and Policy 69 (March 2021): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2020.12.004.

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48

Grabia, Tomasz. "The Okun Misery Index in the European Union Countries from 2000 to 2009." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 14, no. 4 (May 11, 2012): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-011-0029-8.

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Abstract:

The aim of the article is to present alternative measures of the economic system’s efficiency, taking into consideration, in particular, the values of the so called Okun misery index being the sum of inflation and unemployment rates. The study is composed of four main parts and a summary. The first part, introduction, discusses various measures of the economic system’s efficiency that are used in practice. Part two emphasises that the GDP per capita according to purchasing power parity still remains the most popular among those measures. Further, it presents the ranking of the European Union countries taking that measure into account, the research period being 1999- 2009. Part three points out that it is also the level of poverty (misery) that determines the economic system’s efficiency. That level can be measured by means of various indicators, among others, the so called HPI-2 index calculated by the UN. It will be the Okun misery index, however, computed as the sum of inflation and unemployment rates that will be presented as an alternative being of interest from the macroeconomic point of view. The ranking of the European Union member states according to that measure in the 2000-2004 and 2005- 2009 periods will be provided in part four. The article will end in a summary containing synthetic conclusions drawn from earlier observations.

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APAYDIN, Şükrü, and Celal TAŞDOĞAN. "Yapısal ve Konjonktürel İşsizlik Çerçevesinde Okun Yasası Üzerine Bir Gözlem." International Journal of Management Economics and Business 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.2019149859.

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Eğri, Taha. "İşsizlik ve Ekonomik Çıktı İlişkisi: Mısır için Okun Yasası Analizi." Journal of Yaşar University 13, no. 49 (January 31, 2018): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.342728.

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