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Academic literature on the topic 'Oiseaux des champs'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oiseaux des champs"
Briefer, Elodie. "Codage de l'identité de groupe et de l'identité individuelle chez une espèce d'oiseau à chant complexe : l'alouette des champs (Alauda arvensis)." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132040.
Full textCoding of group and individual identities in the song of the skylark were studied through acoustic analyses, propagation and playback experiments. Male territorial songs consist of a long series of syllables, whose number can exceed 300 different kinds per male. Micro-geographic variations exist at the level of the song composition in syllables and sequences of syllables. The gathering of individuals in small groups results in discrete patches of micro-dialects with group members sharing syllables and sequences. Playback experiments showed that shared sequences found in the songs of neighbouring birds constituted a group signature used by birds to discriminate the songs of group members (“neighbours”) from the songs of individuals from another group (“strangers”), and that the syntax of these particular sequences was an important feature for the group identity coding. Neighbour-stranger discrimination results in a reduced aggression towards neighbours than towards strangers at the middle of the breeding season. This group signature may also be used for the recognition of distant and unfamiliar neighbours. The relationships between neighbours characterized by a mutual tolerance depend on social and ecological circumstances. They exist when territory boundaries are stable and respected. Furthermore, males spatially categorize the songs of their adjacent neighbours and the individual signature is potentially coded in individual sequences of syllables. Song components thus serve as a basis for reduced aggression towards neighbours and ensure group cohesion
Pierret, Pauline. "Devine qui vient dîner … : graines des villes et graines des champs, ou l'impact de l'agriculture péri-urbaine sur les oiseaux des jardins." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0003/document.
Full textSupplementary feeding of wild birds in private backyards is a globally widespread pastime. It provides a wonderful opportunity for research and survey of winter bird populations at spatial and temporal large-scales by involving householders in citizen science programs. We used data from the French national garden birdwatch scheme, a citizen science program operated by the Ligue de Protection des Oiseaux, to study winter bird abundance variations in gardens which provided food supply, at a large spatial scale. This thesis aims to understand which factors influence the visit of gardens by birds during winter, a season traditionally pointed out to have the greatest impact on passerine survival. We highlighted that gardens with feeders located close to intensively cultivated farmland attract birds as a response of the countryside natural resource scarcity leads by intensive agricultural practices. This relationship being stronger for farmland seedeater species. Variations in the use of garden by birds also fluctuate between years and with weather conditions, but the variations were not similar among species. This being consistent with the expected influence of their ecological and biological differences. This garden bird survey in winter also reflected the global negative trends observed for some granivorous species in France or Europe during the breeding season, confirming that the use of garden bird feeders by wild bird species offers a new tool to survey the global population trends. We also suspect that variation in abundance could mirror spatial differences, and maybe mirror human activities impacts such as poaching, but this part requires further investigation. Finally, our work could be beneficial for maintaining declining seedeater species, by advising to supply birds with winter food in garden located in intensive agricultural landscape, while continuing to engage the public with nature
Augiron, Steve. "Evaluation des outils de conservation de la biodiversité en milieu agricole : cas des zones de protections spéciales et des mesures agro-environnementales-biodiversité." Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2336.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of two conservation tools developed in Europe and France (Natura 2000 and Agro-Environnemental Schemes). Our analysis focused on agro-ecosystems, and two specialist passerines: the Skylark and the Corn Bunting. The effect of the SPA delineation was tested over the period 1996-2011. The results show i) that the presence and abundance of both species were initially more important within than outside the SPA, ii) the trend in Skylark abundance had stabilized after the designation (contrasting with a decrease outside), and increased in Corn bunting abundance, iii) that the trends of both species outside of the SPA are broadly similar to national and European observations, and iv) that the presence of a network of eight SPA in agrosystem seems to have reversed the trend of the Skylark at the regional scale compared to the national one. The evaluation of AES allowed us to show that i) two common species may benefit from the positive effects of a device that aimed at the preservation of a patrimonial species (the Little Bustard), ii) two measures in particular are responsible for the positive observed effects: the AES “delayed mowing” and “Organic farming”, iii) a low-cost efficiency can be obtained via a combination of AES established according to a functional approach, and iv) the effectiveness of AES is modulated by the landscape context, land use intensity, the scale of analysis and by the presence or absence of the SPA. It finally appears that the two conservation tools applied in intensive agro-ecosystem contribute to the improvement of the abundance of these two passerines and thus to the persistence of their populations. In conclusion, we propose the use of a functional approach as a precise and efficient method to assess the effectiveness of AES, in connection with land use data at a fine scale
Gaffard, Agathe. "(Sur) Vivre en milieu agricole : approche systémique des effets sublétaux des pesticides sur l'état de santé de la perdrix grise (Perdix Perdix)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS001.
Full textFor several decades, the farmland bird decline has been the subject of much scientific attention, with a large body of literature on the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. One of the major issue is whether pesticides are responsible for this trend, as studies conducted so far indicate cause and effect relationships without clearly identifying the underlying mechanisms. A major challenge is thus to provide biologically relevant evidences for a better assessment of pesticide-related risks to farmland birds. The aim of this thesis was to study the sublethal effects of pesticides on the life history traits of the grey partridge (Perdix perdix) using both experiments under controlled conditions and monitoring of free-living birds. In combination with survival and reproduction, the multi-trait approach carried out here allowed us to understand (1) the deleterious effects of pesticides on several life history traits of partridges, both in captivity and in natura, (2) the ubiquity of pesticide cocktails in the blood of birds and their links with sublethal effects, (3) the importance of considering evolutionary processes in the long-term effects of pesticides by considering parental effects and phenotypic plasticity of individuals and finally (4) the need to use biomonitoring of sentinel species for a better monitoring of the contamination of agroecosystems at the local scale but also as a tool for the development and implementation of refuge areas to pesticide exposure
Miguet, Paul. "Influence de l’hétérogénéité du paysage sur la distribution et la dynamique des populations." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20152.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to understand how landscape heterogeneity (i.e. composition, configuration and temporal dynamics) affects populations, especially in farmlands, highly structured by the crop mosaic and rotations. We answer this question theoretically (simulating population dynamics in landscapes with controlled spatial and temporal properties) and empirically (analysing habitat selection by the farmland bird community).We found that landscape composition, configuration and temporal dynamics were all important to explain population dynamics and that the response to landscape heterogeneity depended on species traits (growth rate, dispersal, scale of response to the landscape). The analyse of farmland birds data revealed that crop composition influenced habitat selection for some species, but did not reveal a significant effect of crop configuration on birds. A finer analyse on Skylark showed a positive effect of crop diversity at the territory scale explained by a functional complementation among crops. It suggested that small fields and crop well mixed in the landscape would be beneficial for this species. The effect of spatial and temporal crop heterogeneity should be studied in depth at the right scale on many taxa. A good understanding of the effect of the cultivated matrix on processes would allow us to predict the change in populations when modifying the landscape and would offer new opportunities to manage biodiversity
Dross, Camille. "Stratégies d’utilisation des sols agricoles pour concilier production et oiseaux spécialistes des milieux agricoles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA028/document.
Full textAgricultural expansion and intensification have disastrous consequences on biodiversity. Studying the relationship between biodiversity and food production can help devise appropriate measures.The objective of this work was to reveal land use strategies to halt the decline of farmland birds while maintaining agricultural production.Our work was based on the study of correlations between agricultural land use, food production, and various bird community descriptors across French agroecosystems.In high crop production regions, we observed low-diversity communities dominated by few arable specialist species. In high livestock production regions, we observed communities dominated by generalist bird species. The land-use strategy that maximized the Farmland Bird Index under crop and livestock production constraints involved a decrease of crop intensity in the most intensive crop regions and an increase of livestock intensity in the most intensive livestock regions. Extensive livestock production was reinforced in current extensive areas.Our results have shown that different strategies are needed in crop-dominated and in livestock dominated regions
Nikulin, Anton. "Bobines volumiques à base de métamatériaux pour l’imagerie par résonance magnétique à très haut champ." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS012.
Full textThis manuscript aims to create new kinds of volume radiofrequency coils for UHF MRI (B0≥ 7 T) derived from the well-known birdcage coil. Their designs are inspired frommetamaterials. Based on transmission line analysis, the radiofrequency B1 field and coil’s geometry can be shaped almost as will in order to obtain coils with unique features. At first, we propose a volume coil that eases access to its inner volume. This “opencage” coil does not only improve the comfort during MRI examinations, especially for patients suffering from claustrophobia but it can also be useful for some specific applications of MRI such as motion correction. A small-animal and a head-size prototypes working at 7 T have been built and tested. Then we propose to apply this metamaterial approach to develop dualband birdcages that are sensitive simultaneously to two nuclei. Finally, we introduce a new method of passive B1 shimming based on phase conjugation technique. We theoretically investigate this method for developing a head coil for 7 T imaging, whereas later we build a prototype for imaging of rodents in a 17.2 T scanner
Books on the topic "Oiseaux des champs"
illustrateur, Abesdris Marie-Anne 1977, ed. Si j'étais un oiseau ... Montréal, Québec, Canada: Les 400 coups, 2013.
Find full textAnne-Marie, Sirois, ed. La petite merlêche. Moncton, N.-B: Bouton d'or Acadie, 2003.
Find full textKomako, Sakaï, ed. L'ours et le chat sauvage. Paris: L'École des loisirs, 2009.
Find full textDelisle, Paul-Claude. Qui a volé les oeufs?: Roman. Saint-Laurent, Québec: Éditions P. Tisseyre, 2000.
Find full textL'oiseau et la bille. Andernos-les-Bains: L'Édune, 2006.
Find full textCroteau, Marie-Danielle. Mon Chat Est UN Oiseau De Nuit. La Courte Echelle, 1998.
Find full textCHAUSSON, Julia, and Christine BEIGEL. GENTILLE ALOUETTE. RUE DU MONDE, 2014.
Find full textGENTILLE ALOUETTE. RUE DU MONDE, 2014.
Find full textUne histoire à toutes les sauces. NATHAN, 2014.
Find full textSauve Qui Peut! Scholastic Canada, Limited, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Oiseaux des champs"
TESTARD, Emilie. "Les chants de bateliers." In Langues chantées / Cultures mises en musique, 135–48. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.5441.
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