Academic literature on the topic 'Ointments Egypt'

PurposeTo describe results of experience in providing surgical aid to children in technological and natural disasters in various countries of the world: Haiti, Algeria, Armenia, Afganistan (three times), Georgia, Egypt, Russia, Indonesia (twice), Iran, Pakistan, India, Japan, Gaza strip, Chechnya, and Yugoslavia.Materials and MethodsThe Russian specialized team consisting of highly qualified pediatric specialists (traumatologists, neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons, specialists in wound treatment, anaesthesiologists-reanimatologists and others if necessary) work at local hospitals in the disaster zone. All of them work as volunteers. The most serious pediatric victims were concentrated in one or two regional hospitals. The volunteer specialists work on a twenty-four hour basis together with local doctors. Every day they examine patients, control wound bandaging, and perform surgeries. For long tubular bone fractures metalosteosynthesis is used. Modern techniques are used for Crush syndrome and for extended and purulent wounds (water-based ointments, early autoplasty). Currently, the main difficulty in many cases is primary treatment of extensive wounds with their complete closure and the many indications for amputations. Conservative and sparing techniques are not often used.ConclusionsPediatric victims in technologic and natural disasters must be helped by pediatric specialists. Our experience in the countries to which we have responded have revealed that there are not enough local specialists who can provide highly professional aid to children. There is no known coordinating structure in the world to efficiently organize specialized pediatric help to children in disasters and wars.

Murdarsang is a mineral that contains pbo, or lead oxide is an important medicine in the Unani system of medicine (USM) due to its multiple therapeutic properties. It can be prepared manually with different methods and used in different forms. Etymologically, it is known as 'Litharge' which is derived from Greek 'Litharguros' (lithos meaning stone and arguros for silver) which forms as a 'waste' during the last stage of silver smelting. Throughout human history, lead and lead minerals have been used for medicinal purposes. Galena was used as an eye salve in pre-dynastic Egypt, as well as by the ancient Indian civilisations of Mohendro-Daro and Harappa between 3200 and 2800 BC. Dioskourides in his De Materia Medica says about lithargyros that one is made from sand called molybditis which is roasted until it is totally burned, another from silver, a third from lead. According to Unani system of medicine Murdarsang possess different properties such as Astringent, Agglutinant, mildly Detergent, Desiccant, Anti-inflammatory Refrigerant, Corrosive and Rarefying properties. It is used as a base for making ointments. It composes the drugs and reduces the intensity of their dissolution, corrosion and astringency. It also have a corrosive, Resolvent and Insecticidal action. Many pharmacological activities mentioned in Unani medicine are validated, and many activities need further exploration due to the immense therapeutic scope in this drug. The current review designed to give an overview on the historical, chemical constituents, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Murdarsang. Keywords: Murdarsang, Litharge, Lead oxide, Unani system of medicine.

Abstract A recently discovered inscription on an ancient Egyptian ointment jar mentions the heliacal rising of Sirius. In the time of the early Pharaohs, this specific astronomical event marked the beginning of the Egyptian New Year and originally the annual return of the Nile flood, making it of great ritual importance. Since the Egyptian civil calendar of 365 days permanently shifted one day in four years in comparison to the stars due to the lack of intercalation, the connection of a date from the Egyptian civil calendar with the heliacal rising of Sothis is vitally important for the reconstruction of chronology. The new Sothis date from the Old Kingdom (3rd–6th Dynasties) in combination with other astronomical data and radiocarbon dating re-calibrates the chronology of ancient Egypt and consequently the dating of the Pyramids. A chronological model for Dynasties 3 to 6 constructed on the basis of calculated astronomical data and contemporaneously documented year dates of Pharaohs is presented.

The civilization of Ancient Egypt is the one that has the most references regarding the work of ophthalmologists, compared to the rest of the ancient civilizations. There are complete anatomical and treatment descriptions. Pepi Ankh Or Iri, who lived between 2270 and 2210 BC, is recognized as the first documented ophthalmologist in history. Ophthalmological cures were carried out with prayers, incantations, astrology for prognosis, amulets and pharmacotherapy with eye drops and ointments. Details of ophthalmologic surgery are unknown. The Edwin Smith (1600 BC), Ebers (1550 BC), Hearst (1550 BC) and London (1300 BC) medical papyri include ophthalmological pathologies. Ophthalmological medical assistance was in charge of lay doctors or swnw, priests and magicians, who worked together, since they believed that the origin of diseases was the result of external agents, as well as supernatural causes. The importance of this historical review article lies in pointing out some of the avant-garde aspects of the ancient Egyptian civilization with respect to ophthalmology and its practice, and the coexistence in their society of a rational medical practice together with a magical-religious approach.

Objective: Wound healing is a complex process of biological events involving re-epithelialization and granulation that are mainly mediated by several endogenously released growth factors such as epidermal growth factor. This work was undertaken to study the effects of various doses of locally applied recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on wound healing in rats. Methods: Recombinant human EGF consists of 53 amino acids. In vitro, rhEGF promoted it’s obvious cell growth and proliferation when added to cultured 3T3 cells using MTT assay. In the test groups, in vivo, wound sites were given daily with a solution containing 2, 5, 10, 50ug of EGF spray and 40ug of EGF ointment, respectively. We presented evidence that a significant decreased healing time in wound was observed in all rhEGF groups when compared with the control, and reach to its maximal efficacy at 10ug/ml of rhEGF spray. Results: The rate of wound closure was over 50 per cent at initial 3 days of treatment. Treatment with rhEGF significantly decreased the length of time to over 50 per cent healing by approximately 4-5 days, and that to 70 per cent and 90 per cent healing by approximately 3-4 days and 3 days, respectively. A stimulatory, dose-dependent effect of EGF on wound healing was observed with increased hEGF concentration. In toxicological group, higher doses of 100ug/ml of rhEGF spray was applied by local dorsal incision in rats. Moreover, a dose of single 200ug, single 300ug or 300ug within 24 hours of subcutaneous and intramuscular rhEGF injection was given respectively. There were no significant adverse side effects.Conclusion: Current study recommended a proposal of clinical drug doses in wound at 2µg, 5 µg and 10 µg /ml of rhEGF spray, and 10 µg and even higher 40 µg rhEGF/g of ointment. The results indicated that prepared rhEGF by our genetic engineering is safe, and is emerging in clinical effective use in assisting wound healing time. Peer Review History: Received 8 January 2020; Revised 12 February; Accepted 2 March, Available online 15 March 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Asmaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalifa Affiliation: Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt E-mail: asmaa.khalifa@pua.edu.eg Name: Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh Affiliation: Tanta University, Egypt E-mail: s.ghaiesh@gmail.com Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: POTENTIAL OF SNAKEHEAD FISH (OPHIOCEPHALUS STRIATUS) IN ACCELERATING WOUND HEALING