Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Oil wells – Hydraulic fracturing'
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King, Jeremy Scott. "Acoustical signal during hydraulic fracturing." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=565.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 82 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42).
CACHAY, LEONARDO RODIN SALAS. "PROPPANT FLOWBACK IN OIL WELLS STIMULATED BY HYDRAULIC FRACTURING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6513@1.
Full textUm dos principais objetivos da engenharia de petróleo é desenvolver e aplicar técnicas capazes de aumentar a produtividade de poços de petróleo, incluindo a estimulação da formação através de operações que aumentem a permeabilidade da rocha-reservatório e facilitem o escoamento do fluido. Dentre as técnicas de estimulação, a mais utilizada é o fraturamento hidráulico, a qual tem viabilizado a exploração em cerca de 40% dos poços produtores de petróleo em todo o mundo. Durante o fraturamento hidráulico, um material granular conhecido como material de sustentação ou propante, é injetado nas fraturas recém-criadas com o objetivo de mantê-las abertas e garantir-lhes condições de alta permeabilidade. A produção de material de sustentação (proppant flowback) é termo usado para descrever o refluxo do propante para o interior do poço, juntamente com o hidrocarboneto produzido. O controle do fluxo de propante representa um grave desafio para a indústria de petróleo, pois pode causar graves problemas operacionais e de segurança, relacionados com o desgaste dos equipamentos de produção, problemas econômicos associados ao custo de limpeza, paralisação das operações e intervenção no tratamento da fratura, problemas ambientais relacionados com a disposição de sólidos impregnados por hidrocarbonetos, etc. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação apresenta um estudo detalhado dos principais tipos de propante e de suas propriedades, bem como descreve os mecanismos que influem no refluxo do material de sustentação da fratura e analisa os principais modelos apresentados na literatura para previsão deste fenômeno. Uma retroanálise considerando os dados de campo em 22 poços da Petrobrás, localizados em Sergipe, permite uma comparação da eficiência entre quatro dos modelos, desenvolvidos com base em resultados de ensaios de laboratório, indicando suas vantagens e desvantagens para aplicação na prática da engenharia.
One of the main objectives of petroleum engineering is to develop and to apply techniques aiming the productivity increase of oil fields, including the stimulation of the rock through operations that increase the permeability of the oil reservoir and makes the flow of the fluid toward the well more efficient. Among the stimulation techniques, the most used is the hydraulic fracturing, carried out in about 40 percent of the producing oil wells around the world. During hydraulic fracturing, a granular material known as proppant, is injected into the just created fractures with the objective to keep them open and in order to guarantee the designed conditions of high permeability. Proppant flowback is the technical terminology employed to describe the flow of proppant from the fracture to the interior of the oil well, together with the produced hydrocarbon. An efficient and reliable control of this problem is still a major challenge to the oil industry, given the serious operational and security problems that it may cause, including costs of interrupted operations, cleaning measures, environmental contamination risks associated with the disposal of residues impregnated by oil, etc. In this context, the present thesis presents a detailed description on the main proppant materials and their engineering properties and available treatments, as well as on the physical mechanisms that control the flowback phenomenon. Several simple models published in the literature, that permit the forecast of proppant flowback in a fast and easy way, are also presented and discussed. Finally, a back-analysis considering the actual conditions in 22 Petrobras oil wells located in Sergipe was also carried out, what permitted a comparison among the results calculated according 4 prediction models, putting in evidence their advantages, shortcomings and adequacy as a design or control tool in the design and exploration of oil fields stimulated by hydraulic fracturing.
Valencia, Karen Joy Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Optimising hydraulic fracture treatments in reservoirs under complex conditions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Petroleum Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23318.
Full textEchavarria, Erika. "Acoustic properties of a 2-D fracture during formation." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1143.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 132 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98).
VELOZO, LILIANE TOJEIRA. "STUDY OF PROPPED MATERIAL OF FRACTURES STIMULATED BY HYDRAULIC FRACTURING IN OIL WELLS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8725@1.
Full textA viabilidade da exploração de um campo petrolífero está associada às características produtivas da formação, obtidas mediante o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de técnicas capazes de aumentar a economicidade dos poços. A técnica de estimulação mais utilizada atualmente é o fraturamento hidráulico, que tem como uma das etapas principais a injeção de um material granular, denominado de propante, para a manutenção da abertura da fratura. Tal técnica tem como obstáculo o refluxo do propante para o interior do poço (proppant flowback), ocasionando diversos problemas que podem levar à interrupção da produção do mesmo. Alguns modelos teóricos e empíricos foram desenvolvidos para a previsão desse fenômeno, mas os mecanismos que o governam não são ainda claramente explicados. Alguns fatores que influenciam na produção de propante são largura da fratura, tensão de fechamento, gradiente hidráulico e características do propante. O refluxo de propante não é considerado nos procedimentos atuais de projeto de fraturamento hidráulico. Nessa dissertação de mestrado foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta computacional com uma arquitetura orientada a objeto, em linguagem de programação Java, para a análise de estabilidade do propante no interior da fratura com base em modelos empíricos e teóricos. Além disso, foi investigada a influência da inclusão de restrições no projeto de fraturamento de modo a prevenir o fenômeno. Busca-se, desse modo, a obtenção de melhores projetos de fraturamento hidráulicos com prevenção do refluxo de propante, garantindo a produtividade do poço e prolongando sua vida útil.
The viability of the exploration of an oil field is associated with the productive characteristics of the formation, guaranteed by means of the development and application of techniques capable of increasing the productivity and the economy of the oil fields. The currently most used stimulation technique is hydraulic fracturing, by which one of the main stages is the injection of a granular material called proppant to keep the fracture open and enhance fracture permeability. This technique presents as a drawback the phenomenon known as proppant flowback. The proppant is carried to the inside of the well causing many problems which can lead to production interruption. Some empirical and theoretical models for its prediction have been developed, however the mechanisms that govern it are still not clearly explained. Parameters that are related to proppant flowback are fracture width, closure pressure, drag force and proppant characteristics. Proppant flowback prediction is not included in today s procedures of the hydraulic fracturing project. In the present work a computational tool for proppant stability analysis was developed based on empirical and theoretical prediction models. This tool has an object oriented architecture written in Java language. The influence of the introduction of restrictions to prevent proppant production in the hydraulic fracture design procedure was also investigated. In this way, it is aimed to obtain hydraulic fracturing projects by which proppant flowback is prevented in field situations assuring well productivity and extending its activity period.
Yin, Qingqing. "Transporting and Disposing of Wastewater from North Dakota Oil Producers." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26541.
Full textDohde, Farhan A. "Estimation of Air Emissions During Production Phase from Active Oil and Gas Wells in the Barnett Shale Basin: 2010-2013." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799523/.
Full textNeumann, Luís Fernando. "Investigação experimental sobre a geração, visualização e avaliação da condutividade de fraturas ácidas em carbonatos microbiais." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265384.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: O sucesso da estimulação por fraturamento hidráulico ou ácido é dependente da geração de condutividade. No fraturamento hidráulico sustentado, a condutividade é gerada pela introdução de uma quantidade significativa de um agente de sustentação granular e praticamente esférico. No fraturamento ácido, a condutividade é gerada por irregularidades reveladas devido à reação desigual do ácido em cada uma das faces da fratura naturalmente rugosa e da resistência destas mesmas irregularidades para suportar as tensões que atuam após o fechamento da fratura. A baixa resistência das irregularidades leva ao colapso e cicatrização da fratura ácida com a perda total da condutividade. Esta dissertação investiga a viabilidade da estimulação por fraturamento ácido em carbonatos microbiais rasos e profundos. Ensaios de laboratório em escala reduzida foram projetados para verificar se a condutividade de uma fratura induzida por reação química da rocha reservatório com um ácido forte pode ser mantida frente às elevadas tensões normais efetivas que agirão na fase de explotação do poço. A dissertação ainda investiga se o emprego de uma pequena quantidade de agente de sustentação é capaz de dividir os esforços aplicados sobre as irregularidades de uma fratura ácida e manter a condutividade por maiores períodos de tempo. As superfícies que imitam fraturas ácidas são criadas pelo ataque ácido em corpos de prova em condições de laboratório que reproduzem em escala aquelas observadas em um fraturamento ácido real. Imagens digitais são utilizadas para medir a rugosidade das fraturas ácidas e o consumo de rocha carbonática pelo ácido na face do corpo de prova. A resistência das irregularidades é medida indiretamente pelo decréscimo da condutividade da fratura ácida frente a tensões de confinamento crescentes. O efeito ou não da adição de agente de sustentação é medido pela comparação dos parâmetros da correlação empírica desenvolvida por Nierode e Kruk
Abstract: A well succeeded stimulation by hydraulic or acid fracturing is related to conductivity creation. In a hydraulic fracturing, the conductivity is created by means of introducing a significant amount of a propping agent. In an acid fracturing, the conductivity is related to the creation of asperities due to uneven acid reaction on each naturally rougher fracture side and the asperities strength to withstand high stresses that start to act just after fracture closure. Low asperities strength leads to collapse of acid fracture and fracture healing with total conductivity loss. The dissertation investigates the feasibility of acid fracturing stimulation in shallow and deep microbial carbonates. Laboratory tests were designed to verify if the acid fracture conductivity induced by chemical reaction of reservoir rock with a strong acid could be kept when facing the high effective normal stress that is expected in exploitation phase. The dissertation still investigates whether the use of a small amount of proppant is able to share the tension that acts on asperities and maintain the acid facture conductivity for longer periods. The surfaces that mimic acid fractures are created by acid etching specimens in laboratory conditions reduced in scale from those observed in an actual acid fracturing job. Digital images are used to measure fracture roughness and rock consumption by acid on the specimen face. The asperities strength is indirectly measured from acid conductivity decrease under increased confinement tension. The effect of adding or not adding propping agent is accomplished comparing empirical parameters from Nierode and Kruk correlation
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
Cleto, Pedro Rogério. "Simulação de fraturamento hidráulico usando elementos finitos de elevada razão de aspecto com acoplamento hidromecânico /." Bauru, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140148.
Full textBanca: Flavia de Oliveira Lima Falcão
Banca: Leonardo José do Nascimento Guimarães
Resumo: A técnica de fraturamento hidráulico é amplamente utilizada na indústria petrolífera para aumentar a permeabilidade da rocha-reservatório numa região próxima ao poço e permitir a extração, e consequente produção, de hidrocarbonetos armazenados em seus poros. Primeiramente a rocha é perfurada criando-se um poço e então injeta-se fluido a uma pressão suficientemente alta para fraturar a rocha. A injeção contínua de fluido permite que as fraturas se propaguem pelo reservatório, formando assim canais de alta permeabilidade. A modelagem e simulação computacional de fraturamento hidráulico são complexas em função da física envolvida no processo. O presente trabalho objetiva o estudo da formação e propagação de fraturas induzidas hidraulicamente em meios rochosos de baixa permeabilidade e também tem o propósito de verificar se a metodologia adotada é capaz de reproduzir características apresentadas num processo de fraturamento hidráulico, como a pressão necessária para causar a ruptura da rocha. Para tal, apresenta-se a técnica de fragmentação da malha utilizando elementos finitos de elevada razão de aspecto (ou elementos de interface) para representar a fratura, aos quais são atribuídas relações constitutivas baseadas na mecânica do dano. Além disso, os elementos de interface também possuem um acoplamento hidromecânico capaz de representar o canal de alta permeabilidade devido à ocorrência da fratura. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os elementos de interface asso... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The hydraulic fracturing technique is widely used to increase the permeability of reservoirs in the vicinity of the well and to allow the extraction and subsequent production of hydrocarbons trapped in its pores. Firstly, the rock is drilled, creating a well and then a fluid is injected at a sufficiently high pressure to fracture the rock. The continuous fluid injection allows the fractures to propagate through the reservoir, thereby forming some high permeability paths. The computer modeling and simulation of hydraulic fracturing are complex due to the physics involved in the process. This work aims to study the formation and propagation of hydraulically induced fractures in rocky media with low permeability and also aims to verify if the adopted methodology is able to reproduce the characteristics presented in a hydraulic fracturing process, as for instance, the required pressure to cause the breakdown of the rock. For this purpose, it is presented the mesh fragmentation technique using finite elements with a high aspect ratio (or interface elements) to represent the fracture, which are assigned constitutive relations based on damage mechanics. Besides, the interface elements also have a hydromechanical coupling which is able to represent the high permeability path due to the fracture. The results showed that the interface elements associated with the mesh fragmentation technique were able to represent both the formation and the propagation of hydraulically induc... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Damas, Renato Gomes. "Avaliação da qualidade dos modelos de fraturamento hidraulico." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258703.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Neste trabalho avalia-se três modelos que retratam o processo de fraturamento hidráulico. O primeiro, desenvolvido por Fernandes [1998], trata-se de um modelo semi- nalítico cuja formulação fundamenta-se na taxa constante de injeção de fluido fraturante. Esse modelo apresenta como vantagem a simplicidade dos cálculos e a obtenção imediata dos resultados, por outro lado tem seu campo de atuação limitado a intervalos específicos de eficiência volumétrica para os quais foi elaborado. Os outros dois são modelos numéricos desenvolvidos por Devloo et al. [2001] e Devloo [2001]. Incorporam em seu equacionamento taxa variável de injeção e por efetuarem cálculos iterativos são independentes quanto a eficiência volumétrica do processo. Os resultados dos modelos numéricos foram comparados com os do modelo semi-analítico. Buscando-se, desta forma, validar os modelos numéricos para o uso em simulações de fraturamento hidráulico, principalmente para as condições de injeção de água presentes em poços com alta porosidade. Pretende-se com isso oferecer maior liberdade e flexibilidade durante o planejamento da operação de fraturamento. Oferecendo ao projetista a possibilidade de adoção de taxa injeção variável, períodos sem injeção intercalados com períodos com injeção, liberdade para utilização de diferentes fluidos fraturantes entre outros benefícios.
Abstract: The purpose of this research has been evaluated three models of hidraulic fracturing. The first one, developed byFernandes [1998], is a semi-analytical model whose formulation is based on a constant rate of injection of fracturing fluid. This model presents as advantage the simplicity of the calculations and the immediate attainment of the results, on the other hand its performance is limited at specific intervals of volumetric efficiency for which it was elaborated. The others two are numerical models developed by Devloo et al. [2001] and Devloo [2001]. They incorporate variable injection rate and due to the iterative calculations they are not limited in a range of volumetric efficiency of the process. The results of the numerical models had been compared with the ones of the semianalytical model. Searching, in such a way, to validate the numerical models for the use in simulation of hydraulic fracturing, mainly for the characteristic conditions of water injection present in wells with high porosity. It is intended with this to provide freedom and flexibility during the planning of the operation of fracturing. Offering to the designer the possibility to use variable injection rate, periods without injection intercalated with periods with injection, freedom to choose differents fracturing fluids among others benefits.
Mestrado
Estruturas
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Romanó, James Luigi. "Modelo numérico para determinação de zonas de perda de circulação de fluido de perfuração em poços de petróleo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2631.
Full textDuring oil drilling operations, the wellbore temperature profile is used when selecting well casing materials, making cementation related decisions, and, most importantly, to identify loss zones. In this work, a transient heat transfer mathematical model for a fractured wellbore is proposed. The well has its geometry simplified to a concentric annular cylinder which has one or more discrete fracture in its external wall (wellformation interface). In order to obtain the thermal model an energy balance is used, focusing the heat transfer between the pipe, the annular region and the formation. The key characteristic of the model is the fracture detection through thermal gradient graphical analysis. The thermal gradient is an output of the solution of the discretized energy equation in the domains, obtained through the finite volume method. The following parameters are investigated: fracture depth, fracture number, fracture interference, loss circulation, circulation time, Reynolds number and drilling fluid viscosity. The analysis is done through the analysis of the annular region temperature profile and its gradient, along with the thermal evolution of both the bottomhole and outlet temperatures. It is verified that increasing the fracture relative depth or number decreases the bottomhole temperature, while having no significant impact in the outlet temperature. The same bottomhole temperature effect is noted when increasing loss rate, however outlet temperature changes are observed. In a similar way, when decreasing the distance between fractures, the temperature profile in the annular region trends to a wellbore with a single fracture. Finally, increasing loss rate favors fracture detection, since the discontinuity in the annular region thermal gradient profile is intensified.
Wang, Wenxin. "Methodologies and new user interfaces to optimize hydraulic fracturing design and evaluate fracturing performance for gas wells." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3268.
Full textAsif, Ehsan Syed Mortuza. "Three Essays on the Economics of Hydraulic Fracturing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72130.
Full textPh. D.
Ma, Long. "Interpretation of sequential hydraulic tests /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textLopez, Hernandez Henry De Jesus. "Optimal fracture treatment design for dry gas wells maximizes well performance in the presence of non-Darcy flow effects." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1103.
Full textAydin, Adnan. "Interpretation of well tests in acute fracture-wellbore systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1994. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25766.pdf.
Full textUzunian, Adrian B. "Interpreting Risk: Variations and Explanations of Resident Perceptions of Hydraulic Fracturing Impacts." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4745.
Full textLeap, Shannon J. "Roots Versus Wells: Grassroots Activism Against Fracking in New York and California." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/64.
Full textFuchs, Grace Frances. "How Community Concerns about Hydraulic Fracturing and Injection Wells can be Addressed Through the Application of Environmental Monitoring Technology." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556136264849063.
Full textSolis, Alyssa M. "The Political Landscape of Hydraulic Fracturing: Methods of Community Response in Central Arkansas." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/42.
Full textWhalen, Christina. "The Environmental, Social, and Economic Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing, Horizontal Drilling, and Acidization in California." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/969.
Full textBotner, Elizabeth. "Elevated methane levels from biogenic coalbed gas in Ohio drinking water wells near shale gas extraction." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439295392.
Full textEvans, Morgan Volker. "Microbial transformations of organic chemicals in produced fluid from hydraulically fractured natural-gas wells." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555609276432456.
Full textSalzman-Gubbay, Gideon J. "Earth, Air, Water, Oil: Regulating Fracking in the Monterey Shale with Health and Environment in Mind." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/112.
Full textWarren, Alisa Renee Warren. "The Monster on the Hill: A Story of Environmental Injustice in Appalachia." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524840984220302.
Full textReilly, Darren A. "Identification of Local Ground Water Pollution in Northeastern Pennsylvania: Marcellus Flow-back or Not?" Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1397949957.
Full textSakinejad, Michael Cyrus. "The Landscape Legacies of Gas Drilling in North Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849745/.
Full textClarkberg, Jasper W. "Regulatory Uncertainty and the Natural Gas Industry in the US." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1495560884199246.
Full textRoshankhah, Shahrzad. "Physical properties of geomaterials with relevance to thermal energy geo-systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54893.
Full textHensley, Colton Dwayne. "Maximal Proposition, Environmental Melodrama, and the Rhetoric of Local Movements: A Study of The Anti-Fracking Movement in Denton, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062840/.
Full textGorman, Mary Kathleen. "Social Consequence, Stakeholder Influence, and Resource Needs for Marcellus Shale Communities." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/103.
Full textAhmadi, Mahdi. "Ozone Pollution of Shale Gas Activities in North Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849624/.
Full textSchlothmann, Daniel. "Kurz- und langfristige Angebotskurven für Rohöl und die Konsequenzen für den Markt." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-201396.
Full textBlattler, Stephanie. "A regulação diante de incertezas científicas: um estudo sobre a possibilidade de exploração e produção de shale gas no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20591.
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In Brazil, the debate regarding the exploration and production of shale gas became relevant with the 12th Bid Round promoted by the National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP), which offered areas with great potential of such unconventional hydrocarbon. The country is listed as the tenth with greater shale gas potential in the world. However, due to the international controversy involving this energy source, mainly by virtue of its potential environmental impacts and damages, the matter was brought to the courts and is subject to legislative initiatives, so that the production of such hydrocarbon in Brazil has not started yet. Therefore, the present essay aims to clarify how the exploration and production of shale gas takes place and what would be its potential harmful effects to the environment, demonstrating that there are diverging scientific opinions over the most relevant of such effects. The description of the existing regulatory instruments in Brazil, such as ANP Resolution No. 21/2014, is also provided herein, as well as the description of the current legal proceedings and bills over the matter. Following, this essay also describes how the shale gas matter was solved in four states/countries, as to verify if there are any valuable lessons for Brazil. Based on the scientific uncertainty over the potential environmental damages and impacts, the precautionary rule is herein analyzed, aiming to understand how precaution may be applied to shale gas and to other cases under similar scientific uncertainty. Initially, the doctrine of absolute precaution is presented, followed by the main critics to precaution. Finally, the main conclusion is that the path of interpretation for the shale gas case and for other cases with similar scientific uncertainty is the use of the precautionary rule modulated by proportionality, so that its application does not reflect an immediate prohibition, but the management of uncertainties through regulation.
No Brasil, a discussão a respeito da exploração e produção de gás de folhelho, conhecido de forma equivocada como “gás de xisto”, ganhou expressividade com a 12ª Rodada de Licitações promovida pela Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP), que licitou áreas com grande potencial exploratório para esse hidrocarboneto não convencional. O país apresenta o décimo maior potencial de gás de folhelho do mundo, porém, em razão da polêmica internacional que envolve essa fonte energética, principalmente em função de seus potenciais impactos e danos ambientais, a questão permanece judicializada e objeto de iniciativas legislativas, de forma que a produção desse hidrocarboneto no Brasil ainda não foi iniciada. Nesse âmbito, o presente trabalho visa esclarecer como se dá a exploração e produção do gás de folhelho e quais seriam seus potenciais efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente, demonstrando a divergência existente na comunidade científica sobre os mais relevantes desses potenciais efeitos. O trabalho também traz a descrição dos instrumentos regulatórios já existentes sobre o gás de folhelho no Brasil, como a Resolução ANP nº 21/2014, bem como dos processos judiciais e projetos de leis existentes sobre a questão. Em seguida, o presente trabalho também descreve como a questão do shale gas foi decidida em quatro estados/países, para verificar se podem ser extraídas lições para o Brasil. Com base na incerteza científica constatada sobre os potenciais danos e impactos ambientais, o postulado da precaução é aqui analisado, visando compreender como ele pode ser aplicado ao caso do gás de folhelho e a outros casos de incerteza científica análoga. Inicialmente, é apresentada a doutrina da precaução absoluta, para posteriormente introduzir as principais críticas ao postulado. Por fim, conclui-se que o caminho para a interpretação do caso do gás de folhelho e de outros casos em que recai incerteza científica análoga é a utilização do postulado da precaução modulado pela proporcionalidade, de modo que sua aplicação não reflita uma proibição imediata, mas sim o gerenciamento das incertezas envolvidas por meio da regulação.
Liu, Yajun. "Settling and hydrodynamic retardation of proppants in hydraulic fractures." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2766.
Full textAghighi, Mohammad Ali Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Fully coupled fluid flow and geomechanics in the study of hydraulic fracturing and post-fracture production." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40621.
Full textFriehauf, Kyle Eugene. "Simulation and design of energized hydraulic fractures." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6644.
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Perkins, Adam Reed. "An examination of state regulations of hydraulic fracturing." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/26531.
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Dong, Guangwei. "Modeling Performance of Horizontal Wells with Multiple Fractures in Tight Gas Reservoirs." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8712.
Full textYu-SenTseng and 曾雨森. "An Analysis of the Borehole Stability and the Hydraulic Re-fracturing Pressure in Deviated Wells." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23857397488948595924.
Full text國立成功大學
資源工程學系碩博士班
101
In order to avoid the collapse of borehole, the analysis of borehole stability is necessary before the start of the drilling project. There are many factors that affect the stability of the borehole wall, including earth stress, inclined orientation, formations physical properties, mud composition, and temperature of borehole. The hydraulic fracturing is widely used not only in the oil and gas exploration, but also in the earth stress measurements. In this study, we consider the factors including inclined orientation, earth stress, pore pressure, rock properties and discuss the range of the stable pressure by various stress conditions around the wellbore by stress analysis approach. In addition, Rummel’s(1987) fracture mechanics approach was used in this study to evaluate the hydraulic re-fracturing pressure under different inclined positions, earth stresses, fracture toughness, crack lengths, pore pressures in inclined state. The study shows that the different inclined orientations have different effects on the wellbore stability pressure. The range of stability pressure increases with the increasing of the overburden stress and decreases with the increasing of the lateral stress ratio. The increasing of pore pressure around borehole causes the range of stability pressure distinctly decreasing. When the cohesion and angle of internal friction of rocks are larger, the range of wellbore stability pressure becomes greater. The different stress states cause the different effects of inclined orientations. The re-fracturing pressure increases with the increasing of the overburden stress, and the re-fracturing pressure decreases slightly with the increasing of the lateral stress ratio. The rock fracture toughness does not affect the re-cracking pressure. In most cases, when the crack length is longer, the cracking pressure is larger. The rising of pore pressure around borehole wall causes decreasing in re-cracking pressure.
Bryant, Stephen Andrew. "Simulating refracturing treatments that employ diverting agents on horizontal wells." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22365.
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Greiner, Lydia Hallacher. "To frack or not to frack: understanding community concerns about health and hydraulic fracturing." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27160.
Full textKhan, Abdul Muqtadir. "Multi-frac treatments in tight oil and shale gas reservoirs : effect of hydraulic fracture geometry on production and rate transient." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22367.
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Gaspar, Joana Henriques. "Os Estados Unidos da América e a Revolução do Shale." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17708.
Full textOver the past few years, there has been great changes in the Global energy market, with the United States of America as one of the major protagonists. The main goal of the present investigation is to understand and clarify the notion of energy Independence or Self-sufficiency and verify the possibility to achieve this goal, by the United States. Throughtout this research, there will be opportunity to study the US energy policies of the last 40 years, obtain informations about US energy security, and learn about american energy exploration, exports policy and geopolitical impacts of the Shale Revolution. Lastly, in this research it is easily observed that self-sufficiency can not be seen in a perspective of creating conditions for American isolationism but rather in a perspective of instrumentalization and protection of their allies