Relevant bibliographies by topics / Oil spills Risk assessment Antarctica

Academic literature on the topic 'Oil spills Risk assessment Antarctica'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Oil spills Risk assessment Antarctica"

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Gasparotti, Carmen. "RISK ASSESSMENT OF MARINE OIL SPILLS." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 9, no. 4 (2010): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2010.073.

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Yudhbir, Lalit, and Eleftherios Iakovou. "A Maritime Oil Spill Risk Assessment Model." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-235.

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ABSTRACT Mantime oil transportation decision-making models that integrate with oil spill risk assessment methodologies are scarce. Recently, first time quantitative efforts have been developed for the maritime transportation of petroleum products. However, there still exists a serious gap in the literature concerning risk assessment models that provide a rather significant input to any maritime oil transportation model, namely the estimation and assignment of risk costs to the links of such a network. The authors first present a critical review of oil spill risk assessment efforts found in the literature and then the development of a novel oil spill risk assessment model. The goal of this risk assessment methodology is twofold: first, to determine and assign risk costs to the links of a maritime transportation network, and second, to provide insights into contributors that lead to spills. Such insights may further lead to guidelines for the prevention of future incidents leading to spills. A federal regulatory agency (such as the U.S. Coast Guard) and/or a commercial shipper may use the identification of the dominant contributors to oil spills to evaluate the merits of alternative regulatory and shipping policies that could lead to improved safety performance of the marine system. The authors finally exhibit the usage of the proposed methodology on a real case scenario.
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Martini, Natalia, and Roberto Patruno. "OIL POLLUTION RISK ASSESSMENT AND PREPAREDNESS IN THE EAST MEDITERRANEAN." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-259.

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ABSTRACT The East Mediterranean is an area of high oil traffic because it is an important transit centre between Middle Eastern/Russian oil and the western European countries/USA. Recent traffic developments show that the importance of this centre is expected to increase. ITOPF and REMPEC carried out a joint risk assessment study of the area. For the purpose of this paper the “East Mediterranean” includes the Adriatic Sea and the East Mediterranean Basin; this was necessary to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the issue, as the oil traffic in the Adriatic is strictly linked with the activities occurring in the East Mediterranean basin. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the East Mediterranean is a high risk area for oil spills. For this analysis the ITOPF oil spill data set was used (1974 to 2003). Results show that the majority of spills involving a quantity of less than 7 tonnes are operational, whereas medium and major spills result from accidents. Crude oil spills appear to have the highest occurrence in each of the spill size categories, with the highest value for major spills; the accident occurrence appears to be closely related to the import flow. A risk analysis for the East Mediterranean has been overdue, as this area is characterised by a very heterogeneous level of preparedness and response, by several sensitive areas, and a lack of active bi/tri-lateral cooperation agreements. It is concluded that the Eastern Mediterranean is a high risk area for tanker spills, and the risk is likely to increase with the predicted increases in tanker traffic.
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Zhao, Ya Peng. "Risk Assessment of Ship Oil Spills in the Ningbo-Zhoushan Port." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.462.

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The accidents of ship oil spill have been one of the most significant factors leading to marine pollution, so appropriate approaches to forecast ship oil spill risk has important significance. Risk assessment of ship oil spills is a complex multi-factor issue, which plays a key role of ship oil-spill emergency response. A novel fuzzy evaluation model for risk assessment of ship oil spill is presented by analyzing historic accident data and expert experience. The model is used to compute comprehensive accident probability of ship oil spill and analyze sensitivity of risk factors so as to evaluate ship oil spill risks quantitatively and find out major risk factors which influedce ship oil spill risk. At last, the presented model is applied to study the ship oil spill risk in Ningbo-zhoushan port, the assessment examples are proved to test the feasibility and reliability of the model.
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Short, Michael. "Oiled wildlife response for Antarctica: Practical and realistic solutions." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1559.

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ABSTRACT Through the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection all of the Antarctic member nations are required to have in place contingency plans for oil spills including oiled wildlife response. The current risks for marine pollution incidents to the Antarctic environment include refuelling activities associated with Antarctic stations/bases; routine station/base activities; and shipping associated with stations/bases, tourism, commercial fishing and whaling. Between 1981 and 2011 there have been reported 33 spills or near spill incidents associated with the Antarctic marine environment. Wildlife at risk from oil spills include seabirds (flying birds and penguins), pinnipeds and cetaceans. Antarctic and polar environments both provide a number of logistical and practical complications given their climatic and geographic character. The key elements for response actions for Antarctic wildlife identified are divided amongst primary, secondary and tertiary oiled wildlife response activities. Primary activities identified include focussing containment and clean up efforts to protecting wildlife as a priority using tools such as sensitivity mapping, stochastic and real time modelling. Secondary activities specific to individual wildlife groups were identified and included specialised hazing, exclusion and pre-emptive capture mechanisms focussed to the Antarctic environment. Tertiary activities are considered with regards to the real capacity of Antarctic stations to respond, take and rehabilitate oiled wildlife given the Antarctic environment and its limitations. The paper identifies realistic mechanisms and systems considering the climatic, logistical and practical issues of the Antarctic environment. Although specific to Antarctic bases the paper outcomes can be equally applied to other polar environments.
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Opaluch, James J., and Thomas A. Grigalunas. "OCS-RELATED OIL SPILL IMPACTS ON NATURAL RESOURCES: AN ECONOMIC RISK ANALYSIS1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-281.

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ABSTRACT Risk analyses of oil spills are important in the development of outer continental shelf (OCS) leasing policy as well as other marine policies relating to oil. This paper explores the use of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment Model for Coastal and Marine Resources (NRDAM/CME) to provide a risk analysis of oil spills related to OCS oil development. For the categories of natural resources included in NRDAM/CME, the expected value of damages from large oil spills appears quite small relative to the value of oil developed. Expected damages range from $300,000 to $19.7 million per billion barrels of oil developed. Ongoing research by the authors will refine these estimates by including additional categories of damages, which will increase the damage estimates, and oil spill cleanup and the effect of OCS production on reducing imports, which will reduce the estimated net costs of OCS development.
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Cavaye, Nicholas, and Gina Waibl. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL TO COMPARE OIL SPILL RISK FOR SINGLE & DOUBLE HULLED FPSOS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-725.

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ABSTRACT In recent years, following a number of high profile oil spills internationally, there has been an increased focus on improving the safety of oil tankers to prevent the environmental damage caused by oil spills. Regulations developed focus on replacing single hulled trading tankers with a double hulled configuration. However, many of the risks associated with trading tankers do not apply to Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessels (FPSOs). The risk assessment undertaken for this report compares single with double hull FPSOs, with respect to events causing serious environmental impact. The study considers external and on-board causes of events which may cause serious oil spills including fire, explosion, accidental discharge, grounding, collision and hull failure. The risk assessment comprises a limited quantitative analysis using data from the literature and observations from experience, which are consistently applied to each of the hazardous events identified as relevant. The report also looks at the wider environmental factors associated with single versus double hull FPSOs in order to inform policy makers. The findings indicate that risk profiles of oil tankers are markedly different from FPSOs, and that there is a strong argument that overall environmental risks from a single hull FPSOs are lower than those for a double hulled F?SO. A single sided hull has potentially better structural performance; no risk of inter-hull formation of volatile explosive mixtures; delivers environmental benefits; and has simpler operational requirements than a double sided FPSO. The main advantage for using a double sided hull is the higher collision impact energy it can withstand without releasing oil into the environment.
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Walter, Robert A., Ronald C. DiGregorio, K. Jack Kooyoomjian, and Terry L. Eby. "AN ANALYSIS OF OIL SPILLS DURING TRANSPORT." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-153.

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ABSTRACT This paper examines transportation-related oil spills reported to various systems maintained and operated by the federal government. These systems contain up to 15 years of historical spill data covering 26,500 incidents involving more than 8 billion gallons of spilled petroleum and petroleum products. These data were used to develop a risk assessment for various modes of transportation. Highway transport resulted in the most spills, while pipelines were responsible for the greatest quantity of product spilled. Preliminary exposure rates for transportation modes were developed as a first step toward development of predictive models. Exposure factors were developed relating highway spills to gasoline production, and vessel spills to crude production and imports. Less satisfactory exposure factors were developed for railroads and pipelines.
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Stephansen, Cathrine, Anders Bjørgesæter, Odd Willy Brude, Ute Brönner, Grethe Kjeilen-Eilertsen, Jean-Marie Libre, Tonje Waterloo Rogstad, et al. "ERA Acute – A Multi-Compartment Quantitative Risk Assessment for Oil Spills." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2017432. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000432.

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Awareness of environmental risk and the demand for oil spill response planning associated with offshore marine operations has increased during the last decades. Environmental Risk Assessments (ERAs) are a crucial part of planning and execution of oil and gas (O&G) activities offshore. A sound ERA can support the O&G industry in environmental risk management (ERM) of operations. Authorities and Operating companies have requested updated methodology based on more recent research from oil spill events such as the Deep Water Horizon incident, with the possibility to perform more detailed analyses in e.g. sensitive areas. ERA Acute is developed to meet these requirements. It is a transparent method of quantitative analysis for environmental screenings, ERAs and Net Environmental Benefit Analyses (NEBAs) of oil spills in four compartments: Sea surface, shoreline, water column and sea floor. The methodology is grid-cell based and results can therefore be shown in a geographical information system (GIS) for any region globally. The user can identify areas of high risk - for use in decision support and spill response planning - independently of the region. Three levels of detail are defined, depending on availability of VEC data, suitable for screening purposes or more detailed studies. Calculations are carried out in two main steps: First, ERA Acute uses input from an oil spill fate and distribution model of choice to calculate exposure and impact to Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs) in each grid cell and for each simulation. Calculations follow a common methodology framework, applying different mechanisms of impact and recovery for each compartment. Impacts are summarised, and in the second step, potential lag-and/or restitution time and risk are calculated for each VEC. The resulting resource impact factor (RIF) is an index that combines the extent of impact and recovery time. A statistical approach is used, based on numerous oil spill simulations covering each season in order to capture variations in spill drift and fate, species abundance and vulnerability. This paper describes the method. ERA Acute methodology is validated in sensitivity studies, field validations, comparison to relevant ERA methods, and documented in several dissemination steps including a guideline for best industry practice. The ERA Acute project is carried out by a consortium of industry partners (Statoil, Total, Norwegian Oil and Gas Association) and experts in environmental risk analysis (Acona, Akvaplan-niva (project manager), DNV-GL and SINTEF), supported by the Research Council of Norway.
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Jiang, Yao, Xu Zhao, Yaochi Wang, and Jinyu Wang. "Multi-Risk Source Oil Spill Risk Assessment Based on a Fuzzy Inference System." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 4227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074227.

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Oil is one of the most important sources of energy, about 25 percent of which comes from offshore sources. As a result, the transportation of oil tankers, and the construction of offshore oil platforms and subsea pipelines have increased, to facilitate offshore oil exploitation. However, most oil spill risk assessments analyze the impact of one risk source, and rarely consider multiple risk sources in the study area. This paper focuses on three risk sources that may cause oil spills in a certain area, and establishes an oil spill risk assessment model through a fuzzy inference system. Oil spill probabilities for different risk sources are calculated through the model. According to the definition of oil spill risk, the risk probability of multiple risk sources in the study area is obtained, which can provide technical support for regional oil spill emergency capacity and emergency resource allocation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oil spills Risk assessment Antarctica"

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Ricciu, Marta. "Advanced techniques for Environmental Risk Assessment within the Oil & Gas sector." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Oil and gas installations in sensitive areas with harsh environmental conditions may require improved risk monitoring, assessment, and management in order to prevent and limit the damage caused by accidental hydrocarbon spills in the sea. This issue is a priority when the installation under examination is located in an area defined as sensitive. The present work deals with a real reference case study, an offshore installation located in the Barents Sea, which represents a relevant example of innovative facility operating offshore in the Arctic sensitive region. Hydrocarbon process leaks are a major contributor to offshore risk. The scenarios that may develop from the Process area of this installation have been selected through the application of a leak frequency model and the modeling of the safety barriers. The Process Leak for Offshore installation Frequency Assessment Model estimates the topside process leak frequencies for use in Quantitative Risk Analysis of fire and explosion at installations located on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. It is based on the assumption that the leak frequency is proportional to the number of each type of equipment. The performances of the safety barriers have been used as QRA parameters. The environmental risk is evaluated through an exposure-based analysis, based on duration, rate and amount of the release as well as oil drift simulation. This step has been carried out thanks to the SINTEF’s software OSCAR – Oil Spill Contingency and Response. The level of estimated risk is then compared with the stringent tolerability criteria to which installations located in sensitive areas are subjected. Further information about the impact on the ecosystem is given by the EIF factor related to different release categories.
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Carrasco, Franco Ana Kenia. "Risk assessment of oil spills in the NEOM region." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/670293.

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This study aims to assess the risk from oil spills in the NEOM region based on marine traffic, with the aid of Modelo Hidrodinâmico (MOHID), oil spill model driven by the outputs of a validated regional met-ocean data set. The region is classified into two sub-regions: the immediate region, extending 50 km in both directions (north and south) along the coastline from the pinpoint location of NEOM; and the extended region, covering as additional 50 km coastal segments in both directions. A total of 15 spill locations are selected in the regions of high marine traffic density, and for each location a total of 48 instantaneous spill events are considered, triggered at the beginning of each month during the period 2013-2016. An independent simulation is conducted for each event, tracking the evolution of the spill over a 30 day period. Simulation results are analyzed to estimate three hazard metrics, namely the volume beached at the end of the month, arrival time to the coast, and the rise time of the beached volume profile. Based on these metrics and historical data on the oceanic-atmosphericconditions, oil spill risk maps are generated, signaling hot spots. Also, an analysis of the seasoned circulation effects on the fate of the oil spills is conducted. The results of this study provide useful information for assessing the impact of an oil spill contamination, and designing monitoring and mitigation measures.
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Chen, Chia-Huei, and 陳嘉惠. "A study on the oil spills risk assessment in the shipping industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zrs6v9.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
107
Maritime transport is a key element in international trade and it supports globalization and enhances global economic integration. However, marine oil spills pollution poses a serious threat to environment as thousands of tons of oil are spilled into the ocean every year. Oil spills pollution impacts not only to the ecological system of the ocean but also results in many consequential damages. This research has divided the causes of oil spills into accidental oil spills, and operational (i.e. deliberate) oil spills. A risk ranking matrix is employed to classify the tolerance of risks into three zones: Negligible, As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP), and Intolerable. The purpose of this thesis is to help prevent oil spills by applying Formal Safety Assessment technique and questionnaires are distributed to seafarers who have sea-going experiences to understand their perception on the degree of seriousness of different types of risks resulting from shipboard oil overspill. Two types of the most serious potential risks are “Bunkering” and “Equipment or Hull failures”. Although “Bunkering” is classified in operational oil spills and “Equipment or Hull failures” is classified in accidental oil spills, there is such relationship between them: human failure, in other words, the gap between seafarers’ awareness and their in-site operations. Research findings indicate that if the seafarers can receive appropriate oil pollution prevention trainings, equipment operational training, and renew their related certificates regularly, and the system of rewards and penalties is effectively implemented on board, then these actions will greatly reduce the likelihood for oil spills pollution occurred on board.
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Books on the topic "Oil spills Risk assessment Antarctica"

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Anderson, Cheryl M. Revised oil-spill risk analysis: Beaufort Sea outer continental shelf lease sale 170. Edited by Johnson Walter R, Marshall Charles F, Lear Eileen M, and United States. Minerals Management Service. Environmental Division. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Environmental Division, 1997.

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Anderson, Cheryl M. Revised oil-spill risk analysis: Beaufort Sea outer continental shelf lease sale 170. Edited by Johnson Walter R. 1794-1852, Marshall Charles F, Lear Eileen M, and United States. Minerals Management Service. Environmental Division. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Environmental Division, 1997.

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Anderson, Cheryl M. Revised oil-spill risk analysis: Beaufort Sea outer continental shelf lease sale 170. Edited by Johnson Walter Robertson 1950-, Marshall Charles F, and Lear Eileen M. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Environmental Division, 1997.

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Harry, Newbury, and De Lorne William, eds. Industrial pollution including oil spills. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Indonesia, Dewan Kelautan. Pengkajian tentang perencanaan nasional tanggap darurat tumpahan minyak di laut: Laporan. Jakarta: Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Sekretariat Jenderal, Satker Dewan Kelautan Indonesia, 2013.

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Organization, International Maritime. Manual on oil spill risk evaluation and assessment of response preparedness. 2nd ed. London: International Maritime Organization, 2010.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee on the Risk of Vessel Accidents and Spills in the Aleutian Islands: A Study to Design a Comprehensive Assessment. Risk of vessel accidents and spills in the Aleutian Islands: Designing a comprehensive risk assessment. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2008.

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Johnson, Walter Robertson. Oil-spill risk analysis: Sivulliq exploration project. Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Environmental Division, 2007.

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Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Emergency response management of offshore oil spills: Guidelines for emergency responders. Salem, MA: Scrivener, 2011.

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Hai yang yi you sheng tai sun hai kuai su yu ping gu ji shu yan jiu. Beijing Shi: Hai yang chu ban she, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oil spills Risk assessment Antarctica"

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Ghaly, Mohamed N., Nadia E. Badr, Mohamed Y. Omar, and Heba A. Amin. "Risk Assessment of Oil Spills at Alexandria Port, Alexandria, Egypt." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 569–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36671-1_51.

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Stephansen, Cathrine, Anders Bjørgesæter, Odd Willy Brude, Ute Brönner, Tonje Waterloo Rogstad, Grethe Kjeilen-Eilertsen, Jean-Marie Libre, and Christian Collin-Hansen. "Introduction to the Concepts and Use of ERA Acute." In Assessing Environmental Risk of Oil Spills with ERA Acute, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70176-5_1.

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AbstractIntroducing the main concepts of ERA Acute, this chapter describes the overall framework and purpose of the methodology. ERA Acute is a recently developed oil spill risk assessment (OSRA) methodology for quantification of oil spill impacts and risk (Environmental Risk Assessment, ERA). It covers four environmental compartments; sea surface (seabirds, turtles, marine mammals), water column (fish eggs/larvae), shoreline and seafloor (species and habitats) using continuous impact functions and introduces the Resource Damage Factor (RDF). The methodology depends on external oil spill modelling and input data related to the presence and vulnerability of Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs). ERA Acute is developed to provide an improvement over the currently used “MIRA” method on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) and is better suited for risk management, decision-making and analyses from screening studies to full environmental risk assessments.
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Siqueira, P. G. S. C., H. O. Duarte, M. J. C. Moura, S. Q. P. Silva, L. F. Lara, M. A. Silva, M. C. Araújo, and E. A. L. Droguett. "Quantitative ecological risk assessment of oil spills near an island in the Atlantic." In Developments in Maritime Technology and Engineering, 251–59. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216582-28.

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Stephansen, Cathrine, Anders Bjørgesæter, Odd Willy Brude, Ute Brönner, Tonje Waterloo Rogstad, Grethe Kjeilen-Eilertsen, Jean-Marie Libre, and Christian Collin-Hansen. "An ERA Acute Model Overview." In Assessing Environmental Risk of Oil Spills with ERA Acute, 33–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70176-5_3.

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AbstractERA Acute is a model for environmental risk assessment of acute discharges. The calculations follow a common framework for all environmental compartments, whilst maintaining the mechanistic integrity of each compartment and/or VEC group, by using compartment-specific inputs of oil exposure and VEC-specific geographical distribution, vulnerability and recovery-defining parameters/functions. The method allows for using three different levels of detailing in VEC in the exposure and impact calculations. For the highest level of detail, a second step calculates recovery times in three time-factors, as well as the ERA Acute-specific RDF which combines the extent of impact and recovery. The continuous functions of impact and recovery calculations are presented in this chapter, separately for all four compartments. All data are calculated in grid cells, facilitating the use of GIS for viewing inputs and results. The methodology adds up impacts from grid cells to populations, and calculates result statistics from single simulations to scenarios, to multi-scenario DSHAs and cases.
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Burgherr, P., M. Spada, A. Kalinina, and P. Page. "Regionalized risk assessment of accidental oil spills using worldwide data." In Safety and Reliability of Complex Engineered Systems, 59–67. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19094-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Oil spills Risk assessment Antarctica"

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Taylor, Les, Jamlong Suthin, and Brian King. "Integrated Risk Assessment and Management of Oil Spills in the Gulf of Thailand." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-14749-ms.

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Mitchell, James, Steve Jasper, and Jim Mihell. "A Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment to Support Oil Pipeline Risk-Based Design." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33659.

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During the regulatory phase of the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project (Northern Gateway), the Joint Review Panel (JRP) requested information on “how the risk factors resulting from the geotechnical and geographic aspects of the pipeline will be taken into account” and to demonstrate “the integration of risk factors with the environmental and socio-economic consequences from potential hydrocarbon releases”. Furthermore, the JRP required Northern Gateway to identify where a risk-based approach to design would be used to address geotechnical and seismic hazards, valve locations for spill consequence reduction and risk reduction in consequence areas”. [1] To meet this requirement a semi-quantitative risk assessment (SQRA) was undertaken. Risk was defined as a function of probability and consequence, where the probability (expressed as a frequency) of loss of pipe integrity was quantitatively determined and the consequence of failure was qualitatively determined. The frequency of failure was a probabilistic combination of the calculated probability of failure from reliability methods, historical frequencies and assessed geo-hazard failure frequency rates. Consequence scoring was based on intersection of theoretical spills with “consequence areas” for environmental or socio-economic effects Frequency and consequence were then combined to provide risk scoring and ranking. Failure frequencies were developed using reliability methods where appropriate. The use of reliability methods addresses the primary challenge associated with quantifying risk for new pipelines as industry failure statistics are not directly applicable to modern pipeline designs, materials, and operating practices. In the pipeline industry, reliability models exist for the most significant threats, including third-party damage, internal corrosion and external corrosion. In addition, geotechnical threats can be characterized in terms of expected magnitude and associated frequency of occurrence, thereby enabling pipeline reliability to be established for each geo-hazard. Consequence scoring was based on modeling full bore rupture spill scenarios and determining whether these spills would potentially intersect identified “consequence areas”. Over the course of the application and hearing process two SQRA’s were undertaken. Following the filing of the first SQRA, additional measures were included in the pipeline design to reduce the frequency of failure and to reduce potential consequences. This resulted in the calculated overall risk being reduced by a factor of 84%, primarily due to increases in wall thickness resulting in a reduction in the likelihood of 3rd party damage and in a reduction of consequence by an increased number of valves.
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Stoian, Mihaela Alexandra. "CARCINOGENIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION DUE TO ACCIDENTAL OIL SPILLS ON SOIL." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/14/s06.072.

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Nakai, T., Y. Uraguchi, T. Arima, S. Harada, and M. A. Rahim. "Trial Application of FE Simulation on Ships Collision Within the Risk Assessment on Oil Spills From Oil Tankers." In International Conference on Computer Applications in Shipbuilding. RINA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.iccas.2007.64.

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Libre, Jean-Marie, Christian Collin-Hansen, Grethe Kjeilen-Eilertsen, Tonje Waterloo Rogstad, Cathrine Stephansen, Odd Willy Brude, Anders Bjorgesaeter, and Ute Brönner. "ERA Acute-Implementation of a New Method for Environmental Risk Assessment of Acute Offshore Oil Spills." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/190540-ms.

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Sames, Pierre C., and Rainer Hamann. "Towards Environmental Risk Acceptance Criteria." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57257.

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Risk evaluation criteria related to safety of human life have been available in the maritime industry for some time. However, only recently these criteria became formally accepted by including the CAF and ALARP-boundaries into the Formal Safety Assessment guidelines of the IMO. Risk evaluation criteria related to the protection of the environment are not yet agreed. A proposal for a cost effectiveness criterion related to accidental oil spills called CATS was suggested by the project SAFEDOR. However, a societal risk acceptance of environmental damages from shipping is not yet proposed. And, to effectively apply a cost-effectiveness criterion related to environmental protection, societal risk acceptance and the associated ALARP area need to be defined. To contribute to the ongoing discussion on environmental risk evaluation criteria, this paper presents a societal risk acceptance criterion related to oil spills of tankers which can be used within risk-based ship design and approval as well as for rule-making. The presented work adds to SAFEDOR’s contribution to risk evaluation criteria for the maritime transport in providing an ALARP area for risk assessment of oil transport by tankers. The paper first presents the current state of oil transportation by tankers and continues with providing suggestions how the ALARP boundaries may be derived in this context.
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7

Bai, Yong, Shahirah Abu Bakar, ShiLiang He, and Abu Bakar Mohd Arif. "Consequences of Failure Estimation for Oil and Gas Spills." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83098.

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This paper reviews the consequence of failure (CoF) estimation for oil and gas spills based from Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) study. The main purpose of QRA is to determine the target reliabilities for each different pipeline system segments; and the purpose of CoF is to determine the failure consequences including amount and rate of oil spill and gas spill, affected area, delaying mission or any other measurement of negative impact. However, this paper will focused on determination of oil spill slicked and gas spill leakage within a leakage in a pipeline system. Then, a suitable action can be performed based on these calculations and data to avoid the consequences of failure such as number of people effected, production cost affected, environment area affected, etc. In some cases, event tree analysis will be performed especially for consequences of gas spill. Oil spill modeling is performed by using ADIOS software to stimulate the oil spilled evaporation, while oil slick calculation and gas spill leakage modeling is from common mathematical software to calculate the failure consequences. The purpose of both modeling is to simulate the potential spills with varying leakage sizes at different sections of the pipeline systems.
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Bambulyak, Alexei, Rudiger U. Franz von Bock und Polach, Sören Ehlers, and Are Sydnes. "Challenges With Oil Spill Risk Assessment in Arctic Regions: Shipping Along the Northern Sea Route." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24419.

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Arctic regions, and thus ice-covered waters, are continuously getting higher in the national and international political agenda. The world demand in energy resources and the need in development of new transportation routes are pushing industrial activities up North where we see prospects and expectations on one side, and gaps and challenges on the other. Industrial development of the new geographic area is complex, and the priority in transportation is given to marine shipping. For the recent years, transit cargo shipping through the North Eastern Passage or the Northern Sea Route (NSR) increased more than 10 times from 0.11 million tons (4 passages) in 2010 to 1.36 million tons (71 passages) in 2013. Although, the numbers are small compared to global cargo shipping, the sensitive Arctic environment requires the establishment of a oil spill recovery system as well as risk mitigation measures. This, in turn, requires the preceding development of a risk assessment methodology for oil spills in ice-covered waters. Therefore, this paper presents the challenges involved in Arctic shipping along the NSR and identifies the knowledge gaps with respect to environmental risk assessment of accidental oil spill.
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9

Rudder, Marc, Derval Barzey, Amy Ramlal, Shaleni Gopie, and Ronald Alfred. "An Assessment of and Proposed Updates to the National Oil Spill Contingency Plan of Trinidad and Tobago Based on the Readiness Evaluation Tool for Oil Spills." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200965-ms.

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Abstract The Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries assessed the National Oil Spill Contingency Plan of Trinidad and Tobago (NOSCP, 2013) for its effectiveness as a preparedness and response mechanism. Using the Readiness Evaluation Tool for Oil Spills (RETOS™), the NOSCP attained a score of 42% in the Level A Assessment. Gaps were identified in areas including National Legislation, Risk Management, Logistics, Training and Exercises, and Operational Response. Further, lessons learned from past spills were examined to highlight deficiencies in oil spill response (OSR) planning and readiness. Proposed updates to the NOSCP include: designation of appropriate Lead Agency depending on the nature of the spill scenario, mandating Oil Spill Risk Assessments, and the use of SIMA as a decision-making tool for oil spill response; development of comprehensive guidelines for Dispersant Use, Oiled Wildlife Response and Oil Spill Waste Management. The NOSCP is being re-designed to facilitate a national response management system that meets best management practice for oil spill contingency planning. This will enable the efficient and effective deployment of the appropriate resources (equipment, expertise and oversight) to mitigate impacts to human health and the environment, and minimize production down time and socio-economic costs.
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10

Yan, Xinping, Jinfen Zhang, Di Zhang, and Carlos Guedes Soares. "Challenges and Developments in Navigational Risk Assessment With Large Uncertainty." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23411.

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Concerns have been raised to navigational safety worldwide because of the increasing throughput and the passing ships during the past decades while maritime accidents such as collisions, groundings, overturns, oil-spills and fires have occurred, causing serious consequences. Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) has been acknowledged to be a framework widely used in maritime risk assessment. Under this framework, this paper discusses certain existing challenges when an effective safety assessment is carried out under a variety of uncertainties. Some theories and methodologies are proposed to overcome the present challenges, e.g., Fault/Event Tree Analysis (FTA/ETA), Evidential Reasoning (ER), Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) and Belief Rule Base (BRB). Subsequently, three typical case studies that have been carried out in the Yangtze River are introduced to illustrate the general application of those approaches. These examples aim to demonstrate how advanced methodologies can facilitate navigational risk assessment under high uncertainties.
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