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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil refineries'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

الجبوري, مجاد. "خسائر المنتجات النفطية في ظل احتلال داعش." Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences 1, no. 2 (October 4, 2020): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjhs.01.02.p16.

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Due to the ISIS criminal gangs’ occupation of North Refineries Company, it went under sever destruction (destruction was up to 80% in some refineries,) starting from human and infrastructure losses, up to oil produced. This study has dealt with the loss of oil products only, because of ISIS Criminal gangs’ occupation of refiners and stolen all the oil products from it. The North Refinery Company includes - six refineries in Baiji refinery complex - and other five external refineries in several governorates. The total production capacity of the North Refinery Company reached 412,000 barrels per day, and the actual production of the refineries 326,650 barrels per day. The ISIS gangs theft the oil products which stored in refineries where the value of oil products sales reached (156) billion Iraqi Dinars (IQD). Since the Oil Products which are produced by the company are for domestic or export consumption as reported in this research, the quantities of production were considered as daily sales. Where the value of oil products sales reached ( 14,350 ) billion IQD per day. Here, the magnitude of the disaster is evident in the losses of oil products. The figure above represents the financial losses for one day only. The research showed the volume of these losses, that lasted for more than three years and are still ongoing. To compensate the shortage due to the occupation of the refineries and lack of production,the Ministry of Oil imported oil products [from international market] to meet the shortfall in domestic consumption; given that the import price is more than double the price of local products. So, this can be considered as an added loss to the losses of oil products calculated in this research.

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2

Imran, Dr Aed Jaber, and Dr Adnan Abdul jabbar. "Increasing production of gasoline and diesel fuel in medium and small refineries to meet the needs of Iraqi market." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 7, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v7i2.187.

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Iraq is considered one of the countries exporters of oil in the world, but the output of motors fuels from the refined crude oil less than (45 wt %), which is associated with the lack of Iraqi refineries with secondary processes.Iraq consist of five big capacity crude oil refineries which include (atmospheric crude distillation, hydrotreating, catalytic reforming and isomerization) and produce high quality motors fuel, in addition five medium and five small in capacity crude oil refineries include only atmospheric crude distillation which produce low quality raw products (light and heavy naphtha, light gasoil and reduced crude).The total capacity of Iraqi oil in the last years changed from 28 to 35 million ton/year. Most of our refineries include old equipment, but in spite of the annual maintenance for these refineries the motor fuels products could not able to cover all the Iraqi requirements of motor fuels 27 million ton/year.In these refineries produce reduced crude (fuel oil) in large quantity and because of this, Iraq imports gasoline fuel (30 wt%) of its requirements and LPG (17 wt%) of its requirements.This situation impose on us to increase the output products quantity from the Iraqi crude oil by development the medium and small capacity refineries via installation thermal processes units instead of vacuum distillation units, by this actual research we will find that the deep of refinery will increase from 54 to 70 wt%, and production of motor fuel will change from 45 to 68 wt%.Purpose of the work: development of the flowchart which is applied in Iraqi small capacity refineries (1.3 – 1.4 million Ton/year) by installation thermal cracking units to produce maximum allowable yield and quality of motors fuels.This research depends on actual experiments which are done by me in Ufa state petroleum technological university on actual crude oil and reduced crude brought from Iraqi‘s refineries from the oil fields Basrah (Zubair) and Kirkuk.

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3

Dafashy, Tamer, Daniel Phillips, Mohamed Danny Ray-Zack, Preston Kerr, Yong Shan, Jacques G. Baillargeon, Yong-Fang Kuo, Hemalkumar B. Mehta, and Stephen Bentley Williams. "Proximity to oil refineries and risk of bladder cancer: A population-based analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 4538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.4538.

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4538 Background: Exposure to aromatic amines is a risk factor for bladder cancer. Incidence rates according to proximity to oil refineries are largely unknown. We sought to determine proximity of oil refineries and bladder cancer incidence in the State of Texas which is home to the largest number of oil refineries in the United States. Methods: We used the Texas Cancer Registry database to identify patients diagnosed with bladder cancer from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2014. The U.S. census data from 2010 was used to ascertain overall population size, age and sex distributions. Heat maps of the 28 active oil refineries in Texas were developed. Incidence of bladder cancer were compared according to proximity ( < 10 vs. ≥ 10 miles) to an oil refinery. Risk ratios were adjusted using a Poisson regression model. Results: A total of 45,517 incident bladder cancer cases were identified of which 5,501 cases were within 10 miles of an oil refinery. In adjusted analyses, bladder cancer risk was significantly greater among males vs. females (Relative Risk (RR) 3.41, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 3.33-3.50), and greater among people living within 10 miles from an oil refinery than those living outside a 10-mile radius from an oil refinery (RR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.08-1.31). Conclusions: People living within 10 miles from oil refineries were at greater risk for bladder cancer. Further research into exposure to oil refineries and bladder cancer incidence is warranted.

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4

Klepikov, Vladimir Pavlovich, and Vladimir Vladimirovich Klepikov. "Oil refining and delivery in the Western European region." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-08-2018-0007.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the key trends in oil delivery and production and evaluate the capacities of crude oil transportation systems in the Western European region. Design/methodology/approach To meet these goals, qualitative data analysis was used to assess the contribution of countries in the region to the total crude oil production and delivery, the changes in concentration of crude oil deliveries and refineries’ capacities, the capabilities of the regional crude oil transportation system and the trends in crude oil supplies and processing from 2005 to 2015. Findings The study established that from 2013 to 2015 oil supply to the region’s refineries increased and generated additional stress on the transportation and refining infrastructure. Research limitations/implications This study examined the aggregate values of crude oil production, crude oil deliveries and refining capacities. In practice, different refineries are set to process certain types of crude oil. It is possible to use the described approach with a certain crude oil grade. Practical implications When developing the programmes for crude oil supply to refineries, it is vital to take into account the capacities of refineries and the capabilities of the crude oil transportation systems. Originality/value The study suggests that the region’s infrastructure has the necessary reserves to operate for the next few years without additional investments.

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5

اياد جاسم, دانية, and أ. د. فلاح خلف علي. "تقييم واقع صناعة تصفية النفط في العراق." Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences 2020, no. 67 (January 18, 2021): 154–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ijes2020.67.7.

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The oil refining industry in Iraq is one of the industries of strategic importance, and what these industries have been subjected to destruction, obsolescence and neglect in a way that led to the deterioration of oil products in quantity and quality, and in a manner that is not commensurate with Iraq's capabilities in the field of daily crude oil production, as well as its incompatibility with laws and standards. In addition to the inability of these industries to achieve self-sufficiency and resort to closing the gap through imports. The study assumes that rebuilding the oil refineries in Iraq on modern foundations commensurate with international environmental laws and standards, will contribute to achieving self-sufficiency in high-quality oil products and open new horizons for the refining industry. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which are the most important reasons for the decline in the production of refineries in Iraq, failure to implement investment projects for the oil refineries sector, reliance on old methods of liquidation, obsolescence of treatment units, neglect of maintenance and maintenance operations, and continuous stops due to the interruption of electrical current, and sabotage of some pipelines that transport crude oil to the refineries. The researcher recommended that the existence of a strong sector of refineries in Iraq capable of securing energy sources and achieving self-sufficiency, in addition to its ability to compete, that achieving this goal requires working on building new and modern refineries and rehabilitating old refineries to increase production capacities and obtain high-quality oil products to Iraq can compete in the global

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6

Sabah Mohamed, Reem, Marius Bănică, Renata Radulescu, and Timur Chis. "USE OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS IN CREATING OIL BLENDS REQUIRED FOR REFINERY DISTILLATION PLAN." Romanian Journal of Petroleum & Gas Technology 3 (74), no. 2 (2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jpgt.2022.02.09.

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"In Romania, the oil refineries were designed to process the crude oil extracted from the deposits located in their immediate vicinity (Suplacu de Barcău Refinery, 1 Mai Refinery, Câmpina Refinery, Vega Refinery and Dărmănești Refinery), to process crude oil imported from external oil basins (Onești Refinery, Brazi Refinery, Teleajen Refinery, Midia Refinery and Pitești Refinery) and to process crude oil from the Muntenia and Oltenia oil basins (Brazi Refinery and Pitești refinery). The closing of some refineries after 1990, the reduction of crude oil imports and especially the tightening of the quality conditions of the delivered petroleum products (the need to reduce the sulphur content of petroleum products, the use of bio-fuels) led to the reconsideration of deliveries to the refineries that remained in operation, through the creation of mixtures of crude oils extracted from Romania (for the Brazi Refinery) and the import of crude oil mixtures for the Teleajen and Midia Refineries, which would ensure the new quality conditions of finished petroleum products. The article describe how to create crude oil blends according to refinery requirements, using both classical estimation methods and genetic algorithms to determine the variation in the properties of these blends. "

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7

Bakirov, I. K., F. Sh Khafizov, and L. Kh Zaripova. "Problems of the Departmental Regulatory Frameworks of Oil Refineries in the Field of Fire Safety." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 2 (February 2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-2-38-42.

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For achieving the results while respecting fire safety in refineries, regulations are needed that are adapted to the new conditions in their use. At present, such concepts became important as fire risk assessment, risk category, conditions for ensuring fire safety requirements, fire supervision of the object of protection. The concept and main directions of development of the regulatory and technical base of fire safety in the modern conditions are outlined. The relevance is noted related to the determination of the violations that pose a threat to human life and health, and the need to use departmental regulations for fire safety in the oil refining industry. The current fire safety rules are analyzed, a new approach to their application is noted, measures are developed to improve them at the facilities of oil refineries. A comparison is made of some paragraphs of the fire safety rules and the departmental fire safety rules for oil refineries. Duplicate, as well as conflicting regulations were fixed. The importance of dividing fire safety regulatory requirements into technical and regime requirements is noted, and such a division is proposed in the departmental regulatory document. The examples of separation of the requirements are shown, and a brief analysis was carried out concerning the importance of the requirements of Fire safety rules for the operation of oil refineries. The obsolete time of adoption of departmental fire safety rules for oil refineries is noted. It is proposed to improve and implement the departmental fire safety rules based on the existing fire safety rules for oil refineries.

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8

Zaharova, E. A., and N. A. Lihacheva. "Environmental Performance Evaluation of Oil Refineries." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 57, no. 3 (July 2021): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-021-01270-7.

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9

Smallwood, Norman J. "Productivity management in vegetable oil refineries." Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 63, no. 1 (January 1986): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02676126.

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10

Adunbi, Omolade. "Crafting Spaces of Value." Cambridge Journal of Anthropology 38, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cja.2020.380204.

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This ethnographic investigation of the rise of the artisanal oil refining industry in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, shows how oil infrastructures have become contested between the state, multinational oil corporations and local youths in what I call a ‘new oil frontier’. I argue that artisanal refineries are indicative of the politics of crude oil governance and reveal complex, integrated and innovative forms of extractive practices by youth groups within many Niger Delta communities. Using the example of the Bodo community in Ogoniland, where local youths operate refineries constructed with local materials and technology, I show that such refineries represent an emergent form of energy capture that transforms the creeks of the Niger Delta into islands of carbon sale and challenges state and corporate power.

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11

Mobene Eneriene Luke and Lucky Obukowho Odokuma. "Acute toxicity of crude oil from NNPC and artisanal refineries in Niger Delta on selected aquatic biota." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.3.0143.

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The spill of Crude oil from artisanal refineries and government owned pipelines has become recurrent situation in the Niger Delta, leading to devastating effects on the aquatic ecosystem. The toxicity of Crude oil from NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation) refinery and selected artisanal refineries in Bolo, Twon-Brass and Ekpemu of the Niger Delta were investigated. The physicochemical properties of the products from the artisanal refineries short fall of the standards of Crude oil for refineries, as they contained impurities. The toxicity of the Crude oil was tested using three representatives of different trophic levels in the aquatic habitat; Fish (Tilapia guineensis), Crusteceans (Paleamonetes africanus), and Moluscs (Tympanotomus fuscatus). The LC50, NOEC, LOEC, and TUa were the indices used for toxicity assessment of the crude oil on the test organisms. The study revealed that all the Crude oil samples were toxic to the organisms. The degree of toxicity of crude oil showed the following trend; Ekpemu (LC50 – 0.02ppt)> Twon-Brass (LC50 – 0.06ppt)> Bolo (LC50 – 0.11ppt)> NNPC (LC50 – 4.63ppt), while the degree of sensitivity was; Tilapia guineensis > Paleamonetes africanus > Tympanotonus fuscatus. The findings further emphasize the need to control Crude oil spillage into the aquatic ecosystem.

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12

Bakirov, I. K., F. Sh Khafizov, and L. Kh Zaripova. "Relationship Between the Causes of Fires, Regulatory Requirements, and the Efficiency of Fire Supervision in the Oil and Gas Industry of the Russian Federation." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 11 (November 2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-11-20-25.

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At the facilities of oil and gas industry for achieving the results in compliance with the fire safety standards it is required to have its own regulatory requirements adapted to the new conditions. Such concepts as the efficiency of regulations in the field of fire safety, the fire situation and its key indicators, and federal state fire supervision are becoming important. The most common causes of fires at oil refineries are established. The relevance of determining the violations that cause fires and people die is noted. Based on the conclusions about the causes of the fire available in the conclusions of experts, an analysis of the fire that occurred at the Ufa oil refinery with the death of people was carried out. A new approach to the use of expert conclusions, in accordance with regulatory provisions, is noted. Measures were developed to improve departmental fire safety regulations at the oil refineries facilities. The importance is noted related to establishing a connection between the true causes of fires at oil refineries and regulatory requirements in regulatory legal acts and regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, as well as in the technological regulations of production facilities. The analysis was carried out concerning the current regulations and the violations recorded in them in the field of fire safety at oil refineries. A new approach to conducting inspections of oil and gas industry facilities is proposed considering the conclusions presented in the acts of investigation of incidents of oil refineries. It is proposed to develop new regulations for oil and gas industry enterprises based on the true causes of fires.

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13

Olujobi, Olusola Joshua, Elizabeta Smaranda Olarinde, and Tunde Ebenezer Yebisi. "The Conundrums of Illicit Crude Oil Refineries in Nigeria and Its Debilitating Effects on Nigeria’s Economy: A Legal Approach." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 6197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176197.

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Nigeria’s oil industry encounters crude oil theft in commercial quantities, which is often exported to neighbouring countries. This has occasioned a loss of revenue and has caused environmental pollution due to oil spillages. There is a need for a stringent legal framework to combat the menace caused by incessant crude oil thefts, pipeline vandalisation by militants, and inadequate maintenance of existing crude oil refineries. The study adopts doctrinal legal research methods and a conceptual approach with the consideration of primary and secondary sources of law, for instance, the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, the Nigeria Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI Act 2007, International Conventions, law textbooks and peer-reviewed journals. The justification for using the method was to establish the trustworthiness of the findings on illicit crude oil refineries. The findings reveal that the Nigerian government has lost more than 150,000 barrels of crude oil daily valued at USD six billion as a result of crude oil theft. This has reduced oil revenues, which ought to have added to the national treasury. The Petroleum Production and Distribution (Anti-Sabotage Act) 2007, which proscribes disruption of petroleum products in Nigeria, has not been diligently enforced. There is also an absence of a specific oil and gas legal framework criminalising crude oil theft. Section 3(e)(f)(iv) of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps Act only offers pipeline security as one of the functions of the corps, without distinctly stating the penalties to be imposed on those damaging crude oil pipelines. The study designs a hybrid model for the renovation of the country’s crude oil refineries. It also advocates the need to redefine legal regimes on illegal oil refineries by amending the Petroleum Industry Act to include specifically illegal oil refineries provision and to effectively criminalise crude oil theft. The implications of the main results are as follows: criminalising crude oil theft and pipeline vandalisation with vigorous punishments will serve as deterrence to others in the sector, increase revenues for the government and reduce environmental pollution.

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14

Mishukov, E. A., and Yu N. Linnik. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF OIL PROCESSING DEPTH BY NELSON INDEX IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 11 (December 27, 2019): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-11-77-81.

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The current challenges of the domestic oil refining industry have been identified. The significance of the latest requirements for the quality of petrochemical products has been highlighted, as well as the need for technical and technological updating of oil refineries has been described. The use of the Nelson index as an assessment of the quality of petrochemical products at refineries has been considered. The formulas of the complexity factor and the Nelson index have been described. The principles and mechanisms of calculating the Nelson index for a conditional oil refinery have been disclosed. The statistics on the most modern oil refineries in Russia, using the Nelson index, has been presented. An analysis and comparison of changes by country within the framework of this indicator over the past years have been compiled.

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15

Toppur, Badri, and Atanu Sanyal. "A transshipment model for logistics management at Indian Oil Corporation." RAIRO - Operations Research 54, no. 4 (May 20, 2020): 1087–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2020005.

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Three refineries of the Indian Oil Corporation procure crude oil from suppliers, at production sites in the Persian Gulf, West Africa, North Africa, West Asia, and India. The crude oil is shipped to two ports in the state of Gujarat, India, by large tankers and medium sized vessels. From these two ports, the crude oil is pumped to the refineries via pipelines. The refineries have known capacity, that are different for the two types of crude oil. In this paper, the scaled-up problem has been modelled, as a transshipment network. Next, the concrete instance of the problem, has been solved using an LP solver. This was followed by post-optimality analysis of the solution. The flow values on all arcs, and optimal product mix, validate actual decisions. Precise shipping requirements obtained from the solution, are shared in advance with marine transporters to improve supply chain coordination.

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16

Angela, Mamudu, Okoro Emeka, Igwilo Kevin, Olabode Oluwasanmi, Elehinafe Francis, and Odunlami Olayemi. "Challenges and Prospects of Converting Nigeria Illegal Refineries to Modular Refineries." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123101913010001.

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The sub-optimum conditions of Nigeria conventional refineries remains a drastic setback since all other industries are intertwined with its outputs. It is noted that amidst all other glaring contributing factors as listed in the study, insufficient large capital funds on the part of private investors and vandalization of pipelines seems to be conspicuous. The stolen crude oil got from the pipelines serve as the beginning point for illegal refining. Asides the issue of quality control of products, their sub-standard operation also affects Nigerians environmentally and economically. The more the Government invest time and resources to stop their operation; the more they spring up like mushrooms. This paper reflects the authors view on achieving a win-win scenario. The upgrading of existing illegal refineries at strategic locations within the country to standard modular refineries seems to be a more feasible and friendly approach. The issue of channeling of intermediate products can be solved through the introduction of clusters, where final products of one become raw material for the other. Intermediate products can also be channeled to Government owned conventional refineries for further processing. From analysis, it is deduced that overall design capacities from clusters have optimum effect on the intermediate environment in terms of meeting demand. Extensive operational training on crude oil refining will help buttress the point while Transfer of Knowledge from official vendors to Nigerian Engineers on how to fabricate modular refining units locally will also help to reduce overall cost.

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17

Sekulić, Gordana, Dragan Kovačević, Damir Vrbić, Vladislav Veselica, and Dominik Kovačević. "STRATEGIC ROLE OF OIL PIPELINES IN EU ENERGY SUPPLY." Journal of Energy - Energija 68, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/20196816.

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The oil pipelines have a strategic importance in the energy supply of the European Union (EU), especially given the fact that in the next two decades the crude oil will continue to be a dominant energy source, accounting for approx. 30% of the primary energy consumption, along with a reduction in the petroleum product consumption and growth in renewables. Europe has a widespread network of oil pipelines of approx. 22,5 thousand kilometres (without Russia), connecting refineries to import oil ports or to land-based crude oil sources. The refineries of the Central Eastern Europe are supplied mainly from the Druzhba oil pipeline. Recently, these refineries have diversified their crude oil supply routes and sources, by sea imports from the North Sea, the Middle East, Canada and others (Poland) or by the TAL – IKL oil pipelines (Czech Republic) and the JANAF oil pipeline (Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic). Given the insufficient diversification of crude oil supply precisely of the Central Eastern European region, particularly the landlocked countries (and refineries respectively), the EU has envisaged, among the projects of common interests, also six connection oil pipelines with terminals. At the same time, they are the only pipelines planned to be constructed in Europe and financed by the oil companies’ funds. The oil pipeline and storage companies, as well as other oil companies, have a social responsibility as regards the energy supply, yet also a responsibility as regards their successful performance and development, thus investing considerable funds into modernisations, upgrades, protection, safety and security, etc. The oil pipeline companies hastily modify their strategies by expanding business and becoming more and more transport-storage-energy oriented, and by investing in the flow reversal of oil pipelines and connection pipelines, storage capacities, as well as in enhancement of efficiency and flexibility of oil pipeline and storage infrastructures.

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Maksakova, K., and N. Kostyuchenko. "ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE OIL REFINING SECTOR: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, no. 4 (2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.4-8.

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The article, based on bibliometric analysis of articles published in journals included in the database of Web of Science and Scopus, identifies promising areas of research on topics related to the organizational principles of environmental management of refineries. The sample consisted of 2,296 articles published in journals indexed in Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2019 to 2021. The author used the basic technique of bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software based on publications obtained from the Dimensions database. In the process of research: selection of the most influential publications by the number of citations, analysis of the activity of publications by country, analysis of the use of keywords and terms, construction of a bibliographic map of research trends, as well as construction of industry affiliation of scientific publications on a particular topic. The article includes cases from around the world and from a number of leading international oil and refining companies. The study reveals the most pressing issues related to the environmental management of refineries. The result of the research is a map that reflects the existing relationships between the keywords of the most cited publications in the field of environmental management of refineries. In general, bibliometric analysis is one of the effective methods that allows you to get an idea of the problems facing researchers and identify key areas for research. The results of the study can be used by scientists to identify trends in the field of environmental management of refineries, as well as the actual refineries to make promising management decisions in the process of their activities.

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Liu, Wen Bin. "The Programming Model about Petroleum Pipeline." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2704.

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Through two refineries to the railway line distance and the distance between the two refineries of different situations, the nonlinear programming model is set up. In the model through the economic and security programs for the laying of oil pipelines, pipeline price oil pipeline on the laying of the program, the city laying pipelines on the pipeline laying of additional costs related to the analysis of the problem, we solve the problem. We solve the problem of oil pipeline layout, and give the best solution to the laying of oil pipelines.

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20

Arzu Mustafazade, Arzu Mustafazade. "CLASSIFICATION OF OPTIMIZATION TASKS FOR REFINERIES." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 19, no. 02 (May 18, 2022): 04–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc19022022-04.

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Optimizing oil refineries to meet current market and regulatory demands poses significant challenges for today’s oil industry. Environmental standards make new projects more costly and complex. All operations must reduce air pollution emissions (NOX), which means costly upgrades to existing installations. The low sulfur fuel demand increases the value of the hydrogen required for its production. Competitive printing demands high performance with maximum security and production flexibility. 50 % ratio of streams passing through hydro processors for conversion, processing, and pretreatment at US refineries to total streams. Hydrodesulphurization is the largest application of catalytic technology in terms of volume of material processed. Accurate and reliable measurement of crude oil distillation columns; Calculating yield is critical for achieving production goals, planning and programming. The feed rate should be maximized while ensuring that the crude oil mixture meets environmental requirements. Furthermore, errors in measurements can result in costly downtime or out-of-spec products. The purpose of the refining process is to convert crude oil, which is a natural raw material, into salable products. Products from refineries include cars, trucks, airplanes, ships and fuel for other vehicles, fuel for heat and power generation for industrial, and domestic use, raw materials, lubricating oils, waxes, bitumen for the petrochemical and chemical industry. Special products such as energy, heat (steam), also power (electricity) can be grouped as by-products. For the production of petroleum products, raw materials are processed at different distillation plants. crude oil of these processing units, which transform them into products with the help of supporting units and facilities. This combination is called refining. Market demand for the product type, available raw quality and the requirements set by the authorities include the size, configuration, and configuration of a refinery. Affect its complexity. Since these factors vary from region to region, the facility structures of refineries are also different. These are the basic production departments, process units and auxiliary facilities of the refineries.

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21

samimi, Amir. "Risk Management in Oil and Gas Refineries." Progress in Chemical and Biochemical Research 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33945/sami/pcbr.2020.2.8.

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22

Panne, Cornelis Van De. "The Organization of Interaction between Oil Refineries." Journal of the Operational Research Society 43, no. 12 (December 1992): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2584272.

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23

Nielsen, Richard, and Anne S. Kiremidjian. "Damage to Oil Refineries from Major Earthquakes." Journal of Structural Engineering 112, no. 6 (June 1986): 1481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1986)112:6(1481).

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Van de Panne, Cornelis. "The Organization of Interaction Between Oil Refineries." Journal of the Operational Research Society 43, no. 12 (December 1992): 1159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1992.182.

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Bevilacqua, Maurizio, and Marcello Braglia. "Environmental efficiency analysis for ENI oil refineries." Journal of Cleaner Production 10, no. 1 (February 2002): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(01)00022-1.

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Maksakova, Kateryna. "FORMING OF BENCHMARKING SYSTEMS FOR OIL REFINERIES." Economic Analysis, no. 32(3) (2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2022.03.041.

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Introduction. In the conditions of increasing degree of uncertainty in socio-economic systems, the implementation of the latest management tools and systems aimed at ensuring the efficiency, flexibility and adaptability of enterprises, in particular – benchmarking tools and systems, becomes especially important. In the existing macroeconomic conditions, the problem of introducing benchmarking into the management practice of oil refining enterprises is relevant and timely. Purpose. The study is aimed at the systematization of the conceptual foundations of the formation of benchmarking systems of domestic enterprises in the oil refining industry. In order to achieve the specified goal, an analysis of the substantive field of the "benchmarking" category was conducted; approaches to the formation of benchmarking systems existing in domestic practice are systematized; the conceptual principles of the formation of the benchmarking system for oil refining enterprises were developed. Results. As a result of the conducted categorical analysis of the definition of "benchmarking", it was determined that there are significant differences in domestic scientific opinion regarding its interpretation, and its content field in some cases is not defined clearly enough, because the authors mix the concept of benchmarking with the concepts of marketing and competitive analysis. It was determined that the vast majority of domestic authors interpret the category of benchmarking through the supercategories of process, tool (method), search, activity. It is proposed to consider benchmarking as a management subsystem. In the formulated author's definition, benchmarking is interpreted as a system that is a set of tools, methods and management tools aimed at the systematic search for exemplary (or standard) management practices, business processes, products or solutions both in the industry and beyond, and as well as their comparison with the company's existing practices, business processes, products or solutions in order to increase the efficiency of its economic activity, improve its competitive position and increase its social significance. Based on this and on the basis of the systematization of approaches to the formation of benchmarking systems existing in domestic practice, the conceptual principles of the formation of the benchmarking system, which can be used at domestic enterprises of the oil refining industry, have been developed.

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Asawo, Soye Peniel. "Management of Entrepreneurial Orientation Tendencies in Artisanal Oil Refineries and Nigeria’s National Growth." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 25 (September 30, 2016): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n25p236.

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Nigeria’s oil economy is facing lingering crises and the oil rich Niger Delta region of the country is dotted with illegal artisanal oil refineries with attendant economic, environmental and social consequences for the country. This paper identifies entrepreneurial orientation tendencies exhibited by the operators of these refineries and examines how these tendencies can be managed towards the enhancement of national development. The study adopted the ideographic research methodology, generating textual data from personal observation and series of written reports on the operations of the artisanal oil refineries, and the statements of critical stakeholders including government agents, community leaders and ex-agitators in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The qualitative data was analyzed through the use of an issue-focused approach. The study concludes that there is a link between entrepreneurial orientation tendencies and national development and recommends that the Nigerian government should properly manage these entrepreneurial orientation tendencies to enhance national development.

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Herce, Carlos, Chiara Martini, Marcello Salvio, and Claudia Toro. "Energy Performance of Italian Oil Refineries Based on Mandatory Energy Audits." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020532.

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Petroleum products account for the 32.3% of worldwide primary energy. There are more than 100 oil refineries in Europe that directly employ 119,000 people with a turnover of EUR 600 billion and around 1.2% to the total value added in manufacturing. Therefore, the petroleum refining sector is very important in the European economy, and its decarbonization is crucial in the energy transition. Refineries present a high degree of complexity and integration, and the continuous increase of their energy efficiency is a key topic for the sector. In this work an analysis of the energy efficiency in ten Italian refineries based on mandatory energy audits and public data is presented. The primary (0.0963 ± 0.0341 toe/t), thermal (3421.71 ± 1316.84 MJ/t), and electrical (68.20 ± 19.34 kWh/t) specific energy consumptions have been evaluated. Some insights about the impact of refined products mix (mainly driven by production of diesel fuel) and Nelson Complexity Index in energy consumption are presented. Lastly, an overview of energy performance improvement actions (EPIAs) information extracted from energy audits is presented. This work presents a first step for the benchmark of Italian refineries that should be subsequently improved.

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Shahzad, Asim, Samina Siddiqui, and Asghari Bano. "Rhizoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon, prospects and future." RSC Advances 6, no. 110 (2016): 108347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12458e.

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Croquer, Aldo, David Bone, Carolina Bastidas, Ruth Ramos, and Elia García. "Monitoring coastal pollution associated with the largest oil refinery complex of Venezuela." PeerJ 4 (June 23, 2016): e2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2171.

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This study evaluated pollution levels in water and sediments of Península de Paraguaná and related these levels with benthic macrofauna along a coastal area where the largest Venezuelan oil refineries have operated over the past 60 years. For this, the concentration of heavy metals, of hydrocarbon compounds and the community structure of the macrobenthos were examined at 20 sites distributed along 40 km of coastline for six consecutive years, which included windy and calm seasons. The spatial variability of organic and inorganic compounds showed considerably high coastal pollution along the study area, across both years and seasons. The southern sites, closest to the refineries, had consistently higher concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds in water and sediments when compared to those in the north. The benthic community was dominated by polychaetes at all sites, seasons and years, and their abundance and distribution were significantly correlated with physical and chemical characteristics of the sediments. Sites close to the oil refineries were consistently dominated by families known to tolerate xenobiotics, such as Capitellidae and Spionidae. The results from this study highlight the importance of continuing long-term environmental monitoring programs to assess the impact of effluent discharge and spill events from the oil refineries that operate in the western coast of Paraguaná, Venezuela.

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Sergey Alexandrovich, Gusev, and Terentyev Anton Sergeevich. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY DURING CARGO TRANSPORTATION AND OIL REFINING." World of transport and technological machines 1(79), no. 4 (2022): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2022-1(79)-4-102-110.

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The article attempts to systematize and analyze information about optimizing the level of environmental safety at oil refineries. The structure of the eco-information system is considered, methods for assessing adverse events are analyzed. The issue of regulatory regulation of the activi-ties of oil refineries to optimize the management of the level of environmental safety is touched upon. Software solutions that contribute to the automation of relevant processes to optimize the level of environmental safety are also provided.

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Bakirov, I. K., N. A. Abdullin, and Z. H. Pavlova. "Research on the reliability of automatic fire alarms and their impact on safety in refinery." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 032069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/3/032069.

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Abstract Safety of oil refineries (refineries) in the field of fire safety should be provided by the fire safety system, which, in accordance with regulatory legal acts, includes fire automation systems. Automatic fire alarm is the very first, responding to fire signals, installation of fire automation. At the same time, the unstable operation of automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems destabilizes the operation of the automated control system, reducing the overall efficiency of the facility. In the article, a study and analysis of the causes of false positives of Automatic fire extinguishing systems at refineries and deaths during fires at refineries was conducted.

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Bykov, D. E., K. L. Chertes, E. N. Petrenko, O. V. Tupitsyna, V. N. Pystin, and A. A. Pod’yachev. "Remediation of Mineral Resources Polluted by Oil Refineries." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-3-9-13.

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The features of the genesis of technogenic lens elements of hydrocarbons under the sites of oil refineries are considered. Recommendations are given for the study and assessment of the dynamics of the state and migration of accumulated hydrocarbons in the geological environment using numerical and 3D modeling. The differences of technogenic lens elements from oil fields of natural origin are presented. It is shown that the object under study adversely affects all components of the geological environment. To reduce the anthropogenic load exerted by the oil lens elements, a physicochemical method has been proposed for cleaning contaminated rocks from pollutants using surfactants. This technology allows for the rehabilitation of the geological environment and at the same time to intensify the extraction of commercial hydrocarbons accumulated under the territories of oil refineries.

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GUSEV, S. A., and A. S. TERENTYEV. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXISTING TECHNOLOGY OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION FROM OIL REFINING ENTERPRISES AND THE STRUCTURE OF INTERACTION OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE LOGISTICS SYSTEM." World of transport and technological machines 78, no. 3-5 (2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2022-5(78)-3-88-97.

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This article analyzes the existing technology for transporting goods from oil refineries, identifies problematic moments and risks of this technology, and proposes a set of measures to solve the identified problems in 2 areas: optimization of the existing technology for transporting goods from oil refineries, which consists in organizing container transportation of products road transport and improving the structure of interaction between participants in the system for the delivery of petroleum products to end consumers. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions was evaluated.

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Seo, Hyeokjun, and Dong-Yeun Koh. "Refining petroleum with membranes." Science 376, no. 6597 (June 3, 2022): 1053–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abq3186.

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Scanlan, Tony. "CIS Refineries – Survival or Collapse?" Energy Exploration & Exploitation 12, no. 6 (December 1994): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879401200603.

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The refineries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) need substantial investment for modernisation. The investment is required to reduce the proportion of heavy fuel oil produced and to manufacture high quality gasolines and distillates that would benefit the internal market and be suitable for world trade. However the investment required in the refining sector is in effect competing with investment required in many other sectors in a period of sharp economic decline with substantial inflation.

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ZUHRUFILLAH, IRFANI. "Pengelompokkan Jenis Minyak Mentah Menggunakan Metode X-Means Clustering." Journal of Informatics, Information System, Software Engineering and Applications (INISTA) 4, no. 1 (November 29, 2021): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/inista.v4i1.377.

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The price of crude oil in Indonesia is still very volatile it cause of strongly influenced by the demand and supply mechanism. The other factor is the fundamental factor, the non-fundamental factor, and the influence and policy of OPEC factor. Refined petroleum is indispensable in life, used for various human purposes for fuels such as gasoline and kerosene, asphalt, and some of the chemical reagents used to make plastics and medicines. These crude oil prices Information in Indonesia are open and officially published by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources website from 2017 until now. That information is about the monthly prices of several major oil refineries in Indonesia. There is no information about the resume of price fluctuations in one oil refinery, and there is no information on the grouping of oil refineries based on the selling price of the refinery. This study aims to group crude oil price categories in Indonesia using the x-means method. This study is one of the efforts to provide general information about crudes oil price clusters based on major refineries in Indonesia to the public. The results showed that the grouping types of crude oil prices throughout 2020 with the X-Means method contained four optimal clusters with the highest price characteristic being the type of crude oil which is cluster 1, then cluster 0, cluster 3, and the last is cluster 2.

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Makarova, A. V., and A. Yu Naletov. "Modernizing Furnace Systems at Oil Refineries for Multifunctionality." Coke and Chemistry 63, no. 12 (December 2020): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x20120054.

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Naletov, V. A. "Optimal Organization of Furnace Systems at Oil Refineries." Coke and Chemistry 62, no. 1 (January 2019): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x1901006x.

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Klepikov, Vladimir Pavlovich, Liubov Vladimirovna Klepikova, and Muhammad Shahbaz. "Oil tank farm emission trends of Russian refineries." Energy Reports 8 (November 2022): 1236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.07.068.

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Zakharova, E. A., and N. A. Likhacheva. "Assessment of the Environmental Efficiency of Oil Refineries." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 625, no. 3 (2021): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/0023-1169-2021-625-3-49-52.

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The criteria for assessing environmental efficiency and mechanisms for selecting environmental indicators are analyzed. It is proposed to use a new criterion - the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions, which determines the ratio of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and the result of the organization's activities. The results of the environmental efficiency assessment allow us to assess environmental risks, work out ways to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment and develop long-term production development plans, taking into account possible changes in the state of the environment in the region of oil refining production.

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42

Abdulrazzaq Hadi, Ahmed, and Ali Abdulkhabeer Ali. "Chemical demulsification techniques in oil refineries: A review." Materials Today: Proceedings 53 (2022): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.297.

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43

Zadakbar, O., A. Vatani, and K. Karimpour. "Flare Gas Recovery in Oil and Gas Refineries." Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Revue de l'IFP 63, no. 6 (September 9, 2008): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2008023.

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44

Berman, Eli, and Linda T. M. Bui. "Environmental Regulation and Productivity: Evidence from Oil Refineries." Review of Economics and Statistics 83, no. 3 (August 2001): 498–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00346530152480144.

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45

Leiras, Adriana, Gabriela Ribas, Silvio Hamacher, and Ali Elkamel. "Literature review of oil refineries planning under uncertainty." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology 4, no. 2 (2011): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijogct.2011.038927.

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Gudde, Nicholas J. "Adaptation of oil refineries to make modern fuels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016680522.

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The drive to improve efficiency and to reduce emissions (including greenhouse gases) from internal-combustion engines has significant ramifications for fuel properties. Deployment of improved engines is aided by the wide availability of well-defined fuels, sometimes with more stringent specification of properties such as the sulphur content and the vaporisation and combustion characteristics (e.g. the octane rating). Fuel regulation has also led to the inclusion of low-carbon fuel components such as ethanol and biodiesel in mainstream road fuels. These trends will probably continue over the next few decades, and so it is important to understand their implications for commercial-scale fuel production and distribution. This paper provides a technical explanation of the linkages between the properties of commercial-scale fuels, the technologies used to make them and the ‘landscape’ of the fuels industry (e.g. the distribution systems and the interlinked markets for non-fuel products and energy). Industrially relevant examples are used to explain how the refining industry has adapted, and is still adapting, to the changes in the sulphur and volatility specifications, the mandated biocontent and the changes in engine technology. This paper is not intended to make a case for any specific type of fuel but does aim to explain the principles by which refined fuels can be adapted to meet future specifications or to work in conjunction with alternative fuel components. It covers current issues such as the lower sulphur content, the increased biocontent and the emerging theme of higher-octane-number gasoline as a route to a higher engine efficiency.

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Karbassi, A. R., M. Abbasspour, M. S. Sekhavatjou, F. Ziviyar, and M. Saeedi. "Potential for reducing air pollution from oil refineries." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 145, no. 1-3 (December 8, 2007): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-0025-4.

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Saifutdinov, K. Z., G. I. Usmanova, and E. F. Kurgaev. "Flotation treatment of cooling water in oil refineries." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 26, no. 1 (January 1990): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00730060.

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Shvindin, A. I., A. G. Soloshchenko, and O. S. L’vov. "A new-generation pumping equipment for oil refineries." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 44, no. 3-4 (March 2008): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-008-9026-6.

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Suzuki, Go, Youichi Nishi, Michitaka Kosuge, and Hodaka Nishiyama. "Development of Field Operation Assistance for Oil Refineries." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 62, no. 3 (2008): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.62.266.

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