Relevant bibliographies by topics / Oil refineries

Academic literature on the topic 'Oil refineries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Oil refineries"

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الجبوري, مجاد. "خسائر المنتجات النفطية في ظل احتلال داعش." Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences 1, no. 2 (October 4, 2020): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjhs.01.02.p16.

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Due to the ISIS criminal gangs’ occupation of North Refineries Company, it went under sever destruction (destruction was up to 80% in some refineries,) starting from human and infrastructure losses, up to oil produced. This study has dealt with the loss of oil products only, because of ISIS Criminal gangs’ occupation of refiners and stolen all the oil products from it. The North Refinery Company includes - six refineries in Baiji refinery complex - and other five external refineries in several governorates. The total production capacity of the North Refinery Company reached 412,000 barrels per day, and the actual production of the refineries 326,650 barrels per day. The ISIS gangs theft the oil products which stored in refineries where the value of oil products sales reached (156) billion Iraqi Dinars (IQD). Since the Oil Products which are produced by the company are for domestic or export consumption as reported in this research, the quantities of production were considered as daily sales. Where the value of oil products sales reached ( 14,350 ) billion IQD per day. Here, the magnitude of the disaster is evident in the losses of oil products. The figure above represents the financial losses for one day only. The research showed the volume of these losses, that lasted for more than three years and are still ongoing. To compensate the shortage due to the occupation of the refineries and lack of production,the Ministry of Oil imported oil products [from international market] to meet the shortfall in domestic consumption; given that the import price is more than double the price of local products. So, this can be considered as an added loss to the losses of oil products calculated in this research.
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Imran, Dr Aed Jaber, and Dr Adnan Abdul jabbar. "Increasing production of gasoline and diesel fuel in medium and small refineries to meet the needs of Iraqi market." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 7, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v7i2.187.

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Iraq is considered one of the countries exporters of oil in the world, but the output of motors fuels from the refined crude oil less than (45 wt %), which is associated with the lack of Iraqi refineries with secondary processes.Iraq consist of five big capacity crude oil refineries which include (atmospheric crude distillation, hydrotreating, catalytic reforming and isomerization) and produce high quality motors fuel, in addition five medium and five small in capacity crude oil refineries include only atmospheric crude distillation which produce low quality raw products (light and heavy naphtha, light gasoil and reduced crude).The total capacity of Iraqi oil in the last years changed from 28 to 35 million ton/year. Most of our refineries include old equipment, but in spite of the annual maintenance for these refineries the motor fuels products could not able to cover all the Iraqi requirements of motor fuels 27 million ton/year.In these refineries produce reduced crude (fuel oil) in large quantity and because of this, Iraq imports gasoline fuel (30 wt%) of its requirements and LPG (17 wt%) of its requirements.This situation impose on us to increase the output products quantity from the Iraqi crude oil by development the medium and small capacity refineries via installation thermal processes units instead of vacuum distillation units, by this actual research we will find that the deep of refinery will increase from 54 to 70 wt%, and production of motor fuel will change from 45 to 68 wt%.Purpose of the work: development of the flowchart which is applied in Iraqi small capacity refineries (1.3 – 1.4 million Ton/year) by installation thermal cracking units to produce maximum allowable yield and quality of motors fuels.This research depends on actual experiments which are done by me in Ufa state petroleum technological university on actual crude oil and reduced crude brought from Iraqi‘s refineries from the oil fields Basrah (Zubair) and Kirkuk.
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Dafashy, Tamer, Daniel Phillips, Mohamed Danny Ray-Zack, Preston Kerr, Yong Shan, Jacques G. Baillargeon, Yong-Fang Kuo, Hemalkumar B. Mehta, and Stephen Bentley Williams. "Proximity to oil refineries and risk of bladder cancer: A population-based analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 4538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.4538.

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4538 Background: Exposure to aromatic amines is a risk factor for bladder cancer. Incidence rates according to proximity to oil refineries are largely unknown. We sought to determine proximity of oil refineries and bladder cancer incidence in the State of Texas which is home to the largest number of oil refineries in the United States. Methods: We used the Texas Cancer Registry database to identify patients diagnosed with bladder cancer from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2014. The U.S. census data from 2010 was used to ascertain overall population size, age and sex distributions. Heat maps of the 28 active oil refineries in Texas were developed. Incidence of bladder cancer were compared according to proximity ( < 10 vs. ≥ 10 miles) to an oil refinery. Risk ratios were adjusted using a Poisson regression model. Results: A total of 45,517 incident bladder cancer cases were identified of which 5,501 cases were within 10 miles of an oil refinery. In adjusted analyses, bladder cancer risk was significantly greater among males vs. females (Relative Risk (RR) 3.41, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 3.33-3.50), and greater among people living within 10 miles from an oil refinery than those living outside a 10-mile radius from an oil refinery (RR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.08-1.31). Conclusions: People living within 10 miles from oil refineries were at greater risk for bladder cancer. Further research into exposure to oil refineries and bladder cancer incidence is warranted.
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Klepikov, Vladimir Pavlovich, and Vladimir Vladimirovich Klepikov. "Oil refining and delivery in the Western European region." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-08-2018-0007.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the key trends in oil delivery and production and evaluate the capacities of crude oil transportation systems in the Western European region. Design/methodology/approach To meet these goals, qualitative data analysis was used to assess the contribution of countries in the region to the total crude oil production and delivery, the changes in concentration of crude oil deliveries and refineries’ capacities, the capabilities of the regional crude oil transportation system and the trends in crude oil supplies and processing from 2005 to 2015. Findings The study established that from 2013 to 2015 oil supply to the region’s refineries increased and generated additional stress on the transportation and refining infrastructure. Research limitations/implications This study examined the aggregate values of crude oil production, crude oil deliveries and refining capacities. In practice, different refineries are set to process certain types of crude oil. It is possible to use the described approach with a certain crude oil grade. Practical implications When developing the programmes for crude oil supply to refineries, it is vital to take into account the capacities of refineries and the capabilities of the crude oil transportation systems. Originality/value The study suggests that the region’s infrastructure has the necessary reserves to operate for the next few years without additional investments.
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اياد جاسم, دانية, and أ. د. فلاح خلف علي. "تقييم واقع صناعة تصفية النفط في العراق." Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences 2020, no. 67 (January 18, 2021): 154–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ijes2020.67.7.

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The oil refining industry in Iraq is one of the industries of strategic importance, and what these industries have been subjected to destruction, obsolescence and neglect in a way that led to the deterioration of oil products in quantity and quality, and in a manner that is not commensurate with Iraq's capabilities in the field of daily crude oil production, as well as its incompatibility with laws and standards. In addition to the inability of these industries to achieve self-sufficiency and resort to closing the gap through imports. The study assumes that rebuilding the oil refineries in Iraq on modern foundations commensurate with international environmental laws and standards, will contribute to achieving self-sufficiency in high-quality oil products and open new horizons for the refining industry. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which are the most important reasons for the decline in the production of refineries in Iraq, failure to implement investment projects for the oil refineries sector, reliance on old methods of liquidation, obsolescence of treatment units, neglect of maintenance and maintenance operations, and continuous stops due to the interruption of electrical current, and sabotage of some pipelines that transport crude oil to the refineries. The researcher recommended that the existence of a strong sector of refineries in Iraq capable of securing energy sources and achieving self-sufficiency, in addition to its ability to compete, that achieving this goal requires working on building new and modern refineries and rehabilitating old refineries to increase production capacities and obtain high-quality oil products to Iraq can compete in the global
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Sabah Mohamed, Reem, Marius Bănică, Renata Radulescu, and Timur Chis. "USE OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS IN CREATING OIL BLENDS REQUIRED FOR REFINERY DISTILLATION PLAN." Romanian Journal of Petroleum & Gas Technology 3 (74), no. 2 (2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jpgt.2022.02.09.

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"In Romania, the oil refineries were designed to process the crude oil extracted from the deposits located in their immediate vicinity (Suplacu de Barcău Refinery, 1 Mai Refinery, Câmpina Refinery, Vega Refinery and Dărmănești Refinery), to process crude oil imported from external oil basins (Onești Refinery, Brazi Refinery, Teleajen Refinery, Midia Refinery and Pitești Refinery) and to process crude oil from the Muntenia and Oltenia oil basins (Brazi Refinery and Pitești refinery). The closing of some refineries after 1990, the reduction of crude oil imports and especially the tightening of the quality conditions of the delivered petroleum products (the need to reduce the sulphur content of petroleum products, the use of bio-fuels) led to the reconsideration of deliveries to the refineries that remained in operation, through the creation of mixtures of crude oils extracted from Romania (for the Brazi Refinery) and the import of crude oil mixtures for the Teleajen and Midia Refineries, which would ensure the new quality conditions of finished petroleum products. The article describe how to create crude oil blends according to refinery requirements, using both classical estimation methods and genetic algorithms to determine the variation in the properties of these blends. "
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Bakirov, I. K., F. Sh Khafizov, and L. Kh Zaripova. "Problems of the Departmental Regulatory Frameworks of Oil Refineries in the Field of Fire Safety." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 2 (February 2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-2-38-42.

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For achieving the results while respecting fire safety in refineries, regulations are needed that are adapted to the new conditions in their use. At present, such concepts became important as fire risk assessment, risk category, conditions for ensuring fire safety requirements, fire supervision of the object of protection. The concept and main directions of development of the regulatory and technical base of fire safety in the modern conditions are outlined. The relevance is noted related to the determination of the violations that pose a threat to human life and health, and the need to use departmental regulations for fire safety in the oil refining industry. The current fire safety rules are analyzed, a new approach to their application is noted, measures are developed to improve them at the facilities of oil refineries. A comparison is made of some paragraphs of the fire safety rules and the departmental fire safety rules for oil refineries. Duplicate, as well as conflicting regulations were fixed. The importance of dividing fire safety regulatory requirements into technical and regime requirements is noted, and such a division is proposed in the departmental regulatory document. The examples of separation of the requirements are shown, and a brief analysis was carried out concerning the importance of the requirements of Fire safety rules for the operation of oil refineries. The obsolete time of adoption of departmental fire safety rules for oil refineries is noted. It is proposed to improve and implement the departmental fire safety rules based on the existing fire safety rules for oil refineries.
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Zaharova, E. A., and N. A. Lihacheva. "Environmental Performance Evaluation of Oil Refineries." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 57, no. 3 (July 2021): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-021-01270-7.

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Smallwood, Norman J. "Productivity management in vegetable oil refineries." Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 63, no. 1 (January 1986): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02676126.

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Adunbi, Omolade. "Crafting Spaces of Value." Cambridge Journal of Anthropology 38, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cja.2020.380204.

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This ethnographic investigation of the rise of the artisanal oil refining industry in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, shows how oil infrastructures have become contested between the state, multinational oil corporations and local youths in what I call a ‘new oil frontier’. I argue that artisanal refineries are indicative of the politics of crude oil governance and reveal complex, integrated and innovative forms of extractive practices by youth groups within many Niger Delta communities. Using the example of the Bodo community in Ogoniland, where local youths operate refineries constructed with local materials and technology, I show that such refineries represent an emergent form of energy capture that transforms the creeks of the Niger Delta into islands of carbon sale and challenges state and corporate power.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oil refineries"

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Fang, L. "Hydrogen integration in oil refineries." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540971.

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Kong, Ming-Teck. "Downstream oil products supply chain optimisation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7714.

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Nnadili, Beatrice N. (Beatrice Nne). "Supply and demand planning for crude oil procurement in refineries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36140.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-72).
The upstream petroleum supply chain is inefficient and uneconomical because of the independence of the four complex and fragmented functions which comprise it. Crude oil exploration, trading, transportation, and refining are functions which may be integrated through unified decision-making facilitated by timely information exchange. This exchange has been problematic because the four business units with their disparate activities have not been able to capture and appropriately structure the required information. How can business executives in the oil industry assemble all of the required information to achieve system-wide optimization? To remove the silos which impede system-wide optimization, there is need to analyze people, systems and issues in the upstream section of the petroleum supply chain; as a background to understanding the current challenges faced in achieving integration. Hence, the use of secondary and primary data sources was used for this research. The secondary includes the review of relevant literature while the primary data were from two sources. The first came from an on-site interview with the heads of business units of a case study, a company which is a major player in the industry.
(cont.) The second is from telephone interviews with industry experts which include software providers, consultants and other major players in the industry. The findings are that on-time information exchange will maximize shareholders' value and improve process efficiency in the supply chain. This process efficiency makes the upstream supply chain more responsive to possible changes in the environment that affects its operation. This will allow supply chain managers to achieve both a reduction in the variability in price of end product will be obtained while achieving stable profit margins. This research concludes by advocating that the use of information systems that accurately support data exchange among the functions in the supply chain in a timely, coordinated fashion with minimal distortion is required to ensure consistency in optimal decision making. To achieve this, change management is necessary because it requires a shift to a holistic approach in making decisions. Finally, areas recommended for future research are stated.
by Beatrice N. Nnadili.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Yousef, Abdul Halek, and M. Zenkin. "Oil-processing pump units vibromonitoring system." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14599.

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Persson, Jan A. "Production scheduling and shipment planning at oil refineries: optimization based methods /." Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/tek742s.pdf.

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Mobus, Janet Luft. "Environmental Accounting: The Relationship Between Pollution Performance and Economic Performance in Oil and Gas Refineries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279042/.

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A research study is undertaken to determine if economic incentives exist for noncompliance with regulatory standards, and if accounting related disclosure of regulatory enforcement actions is a determinant of environmental performance.
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Odén, Hanna. "Treatment Technology for VOC Emissions from Oil Refineries : Case study of measures taken to minimize VOC emissions at Swedish petrochemical companies to be appiled at Chineses Refineries." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-55499.

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The aim of this thesis is to give suggestions on what measures to take to improve the VOC emission situation in refineries in Tianjin, China, through existing technologies in refineries in Sweden. This has been done by identifying the main places of leakage in oil refineries in Sweden, identifying what VOC compounds are emitted from the plants and the amounts emitted, mapping out different measures taken by oil refineries in Sweden to minimize VOC emissions, evaluating the different measures and suggesting how to move forward with VOC control in Tianjin. Six case studies have been done in Sweden; at Preemraff Lysekil, Shell refinery in Gothenburg, Berg depot Statoil Sweden situated in Nacka, Nynas refinery situated in Nynäshamn, Scandinavian Tank Storage situated in Torshamnen and Oxelösund harbor. Two case studies at Chinese refineries were made, PetroChina Dagang Petrohemical Company and China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation, Sinopec, Tianjin Branch, both situated in Tianjin Binhai New Area. Since the data retrieved from the Chinese refineries is insufficient to make a qualitative evaluation of the state of their VOC treatment it is not possible to propose measures for these two refineries. Instead this evaluation is focused on general problems and solutions at refineries and gives an idea of what can be done to improve the VOC emission situation at refineries. The report contains an evaluation of internal measures and technical solutions at Swedish refineries and other petrochemical companies. The evaluation is focused as much as possible on the Chinese situation. The technologies have been evaluated from an environmental, technical and economical point of view. This has resulted in recommendations for refineries that wish to enhance their VOC control.
Detta examensarbete har gjorts som en avslutande del i utbildningen Civilingenjör i Kemiteknik vid Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, Stockholm. Idén för arbetet introducerades av Östen Ekengren, IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, och har utförts vid IVL:s kontor i Stockholm. Den har handletts från Institutionen för Industriell Ekologi, KTH. Oljeraffinaderier släpper ut stora mängder VOC. På grund av den stora produktionsskalan och fabriksområdets omfattning är det svårt att veta hur mycket och vad som släpps ut. Lättflyktiga organiska ämnen (Volatile organic compounds, VOC) är organiska föreningar som har ett tillräckligt högt ångtrycker för att förångas under normala förhållanden. Stora mängder VOC läcker från oljeraffinaderier varje år. Tianjin är en industristad med stora investeringar. På grund av den stora industriella aktiviteten i området är VOC-problemen stora. En av de stora utsläppsbovarna är den petrokemiska industrin. Tianjin Academy of Environmental Science (TAES) har frågat efter Svensk teknik att minimera VOC-utsläpp från petrokemisk industri. Målet med detta examensarbete är att ge förslag på vilka åtgärder som kan tas för att förbättra VOC-utsläppssituationen i raffinaderier i Kina genom befintlig teknik på Svenska raffinaderier. Detta har gjorts genom följande steg: Identifiera de största utsläppsområdena på oljeraffinaderier i Sverige Identifiera vilka VOC-föreningar som emitteras från raffinaderierna samt i vilken mängd. Kartlägga olika åtgärder vid oljeraffinaderier i Sverige och i Tianjin, Kina för VOC-utsläpp. Utvärdera de olika åtgärderna och föreslå hur man kan gå vidare med VOC-kontroll i Kina. Sex fallstudier har genomförts i Sverige; Preemraff Lysekil, Shell raffinaderi i Göteborg, Bergs depot Statoil Sweden i Nacka, Nynas refinery i Nynäshamn, Scandinavian Tank Storage i Torshmnen och Oxelösunds hamn, Oxelösund. Två fallstudier har genomförts vid Kinesiska raffinaderier; PetroChina Dagang Petrochemical Comapany och China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation, Sinopec, Tianjin Branch, båda placerade i Tianjin Binhai New Area. Eftersom otillräcklig data från de Kinesiska raffinaderierna har gjort det svårt att göra en kvalitativ utvärdering av hur långt de kommit i VOC-arbetet har det inte varit möjligt att föreslå åtgärder för dessa två raffinaderier specifikt. Istället har utvärderingen fokuserats på generella problem och lösningar vid raffinaderier och att ge en ide om vad som kan göras för att förbättra VOC-utsläppssituationen vid raffinaderier. VOC från oljeraffinaderier med traditionell aktivitet består i huvudsak av alkaner, alkener och aromater där alkaner utgör den största delen. Alla dessa tre grupper förekommer naturligt i råolja. Vilka föreningar som förekommer i VOC-plymen från en fabriksanläggning beror på vilken råolja som används, hur processen ser ut och vilka produkter som produceras. Sammansättningen av VOC-plymen varierar därför från raffinaderi till raffinaderi. De största emissionskällorna vid raffinaderier som producerar i första hand bensin och diesel är tankparkerna, speciellt under fyllning. Tankparker som innehåller råolja utgör den största emissionspunkten vid dessa raffinaderier. Den näst största källan är processområdet. Detta medför att tankparker och processområde är de områden där störst fokus på minimering skall ligga för raffinaderier med samma typ av verksamhet. Produktionen vid Nynas Refinery kräver en annan råolja Här är det processen som utgör den största utsläppskällan tillsammans med vattenrening. Uppvärmda bitumencisterner utan rening utgör också en stor utsläppspunkt. Eftersom processområdet och tankparkerna har många potentiella läckpunkter är det primära sättet att minimera VOC-utsläpp tätning och underhåll på hela fabriksområdet. Införandet av rutiner för detta har visat sig mycket effektivt speciellt vid Shell raffinaderi. En annan idé skulle kunna vara att inkludera VOC-utsläppsmätning i on-line system för produktkvalitet. Detta skulle medföra ett inbyggt VOC-kontrollsysem. Detta har inte gjorts än men det kan vara värt att ta en närmare titt på. Kina har stort fokus på luktkontroll. Detta är bara en liten del av VOC-problemet. Metan utgör en stor del av utsläppen från råoljecisterner, vilka är vanliga luktbovar. För att eliminera lukt är adsorbtion med aktivt kol effektivt. Filtret fångar däremot inte kortare kolkedjor som metan och etan. För att eliminera dessa är förbränning den enda lösningen. Ingen luktsanerningsmetod som presenteras i denna rapport genererar någon vinst för företagen. Gasåterföringsanläggningar (VRU) har visats vara en gynnsam metod för att behandla emissioner vid tankning. En snabb överslagsräkning baserat på den återförda mängden bensin och diesel vid Preemraff Lysekil 2008 ger en vinst på 0,9 – 1,3 miljoner Euro/år. En stor andel VOC förbränns i fackla på raffinaderier. Denna gas skulle kunna användas som bränngas eller för energiåtervinning. Penningvärdet på energin i gasen som facklas är stor. Genom att installera en kompressor kan gas som skulle facklas användas som bränngas i raffinaderierna istället. Båda de studerade raffinaderierna i Kina angav fackling som den primära VOC-åtgärden. Man kan därmed anta att stora mängder gas facklas där. Detta visar att det finns mycket att tjäna på att hitta alternativa sätt att använda gasen. Flyktiga utsläpp är en stor del av VOC-källorna vid oljeraffinaderier. Utsläppunkterna beror på typ av råolja, process och produkter. Varje raffinaderi ar unikt och måste därför mäta sin a utsläpp. Vid mätning av ett helt fabriksområde med Solar Occulation Flux-metoden, som är en on-lineteknik som mäter VOC-utsläpp i from av alkaner, fås en bild av totala utsläppen från hela fabriken. Detta är till stor hjälp vid identifiering av problemområden och behandling av dessa. När VOC-behandling skall påbörjas vid ett raffinaderi rekommenderas följande: Mätning av VOC över hela raffinaderiområdetAnvända on-lineteknik, så som SOF Identifiera sammansättning av plymen genom kanisterprov etc. Läcksökning / Underhåll Om följande tekniska lösningar går att applicera vid raffinaderiet föreslås det att de prioriteras. Införa VRU-anläggning Energiåtervinning (minimerad fackling) Införa kommunicerande kärl För fortsatt arbete rekommenderas följande. Undersöka om det finns intresse och möjlighet att införa on-line VOC-konrollsystem eller on-line konstrollsystem för produktkvalitet. Är det tekniskt möjligt och ekonomiskt hållbart? För att kunna utvärdera miljöpåverkan av NMVOC från oljeraffinaderier har en studie av effekterna från emissionerna från Preemraff Lysekil och Shell Göteborg gjorts genom att använda karakteriseringsdata från databaserna CLM2001 och EDIP97. Detta resulterade i ett värde som ger hur många gånger fler de två raffinaderierna per ton satsad råolja bidrar till ozonformationspotentialen och globala uppvärmningspotentialen i förhållande till årspersonsekvivalenten (vad en normalperson bidrar med per år). Det visade sig att de bidrar med mycket mindre än årspersonsekvialenten per ton råolja, 0,03 gåner för Preemraff och 0,02 gånger för Shell. Men med antalet ton råolja som processas per år i åtanke så blir oljeraffinaderierna en stor källa till miljöpåverkan. Toxicitetsvärdena visade att Shell hade mycket större andel toxiska utsläpp än Preemraff. I förbränning, som fackling, så förbränns VOC till CO2. Detta medför att VOC har en sekundär GWP. Om hänsyn tas till detta kan man se att den totala GWP av VOC främst utgörs av den sekundära effekten genom fackling. Denna utvärdering visar att miljöpåverkan är olika för olika raffinaderier, även de med samma typ av verksamhet.
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Lopes, Miguel Ângelo de Freitas. "Industrial symbiosis potential of the Sines oil refinery – environmental and economic evaluation." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11189.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente – Perfil Gestão e Sistemas Ambientais
Industrial symbiosis is an application of industrial ecology that consists of a collaborative approach between different industries and firms aimed at improving their environmental and economic performance involving the exchange of waste/byproducts as substitutes for raw materials. This collaboration is conditioned by the geographic proximity between industries and may face some information, economic, regulatory or motivational barriers. The main objective of this thesis was to develop a methodology to find and evaluate new potential exchanges in light of industrial symbiosis and to apply it to Sines oil refinery case study. The methodology was divided into four phases. The first phase is where, through the analysis of similar case studies, the potential new exchanges are uncovered.The second was made based on a literature review on the main barriers to industrial symbiosis development. This phase was developed to swiftly filter potential synergies that would face barriers to its development. The other two phases were only applied to the potential synergies that successfully passed the “filter”. Those phases consisted of an environmental evaluation through a LCA and a financial analysis. The application of the methodology showed two new potential synergetic possibilities for the Sines oil refinery. The results of the evaluation of those potential synergies were very promising both environmentally and financially. This research thus demonstrates the potential and benefits associated with the development of industrial symbiosis networks if the barriers to this development can be successfully surpassed.
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Vu, Xuan Hoan, Sura Nguyen, Thanh Tung Dang, Udo Armbruster, and Andreas Martin. "Production of renewable biofuels and chemicals by processing bio-feedstock in conventional petroleum refineries." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190806.

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The influence of catalyst characteristics, i.e., acidity and porosity on the product distribution in the cracking of triglyceride-rich biomass under fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions is reported. It has found that the degradation degree of triglyceride molecules is strongly dependent on the catalysts’ acidity. The higher density of acid sites enhances the conversion of triglycerides to lighter products such as gaseous products and gasoline-range hydrocarbons. The formation of gasolinerange aromatics and light olefins (propene and ethene) is favored in the medium pore channel of H-ZSM-5. On the other hand, heavier olefins such as gasoline-range and C4 olefins are formed preferentially in the large pore structure of zeolite Y based FCC catalyst (Midas-BSR). With both catalysts, triglyceride molecules are mainly converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons, which can be used as liquid fuels and platform chemicals. Hence, the utilization of the existing FCC units in conventional petroleum refineries for processing of triglyceride based feedstock, in particular waste cooking oil may open the way for production of renewable liquid fuels and chemicals in the near future
Bài báo trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu khả năng tích hợp sản xuất nhiên liệu sinh học và hóa phẩm từ nguồn nguyên liệu tái tạo sinh khối giầu triglyceride bằng công nghệ cracking xúc tác tấng sôi (FCC) trong nhà máy lọc dầu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy xúc tác có ảnh hưởng mạnh đến hiệu quả chuyển hóa triglyceride thành hydrocarbon. Tính acid của xúc tác càng mạnh thì độ chuyển hóa càng cao và thu được nhiều sản phẩm nhẹ hơn như xăng và các olefin nhẹ. Xúc tác vi mao quản trung bình như H-ZSM-5 có độ chọn lọc cao với hợp chất vòng thơm thuộc phân đoạn xăng và olefin nhẹ như propylen và ethylen. Với kích thước vi mao quản lớn, xúc tác công nghiệp FCC dựa trên zeolite Y ưu tiên hình thành C4 olefins và các olefin trong phân đoạn xăng. Ở điều kiện phản ứng của quá trình FCC, triglyceride chuyển hóa hiệu quả thành hydrocarbon mà có thể sử dụng làm xăng sinh học cho động cơ và olefin nhẹ làm nguyên liệu cho tổng hợp hóa dầu
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Vu, Xuan Hoan, Sura Nguyen, Thanh Tung Dang, Udo Armbruster, and Andreas Martin. "Production of renewable biofuels and chemicals by processing bio-feedstock in conventional petroleum refineries." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29110.

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The influence of catalyst characteristics, i.e., acidity and porosity on the product distribution in the cracking of triglyceride-rich biomass under fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions is reported. It has found that the degradation degree of triglyceride molecules is strongly dependent on the catalysts’ acidity. The higher density of acid sites enhances the conversion of triglycerides to lighter products such as gaseous products and gasoline-range hydrocarbons. The formation of gasolinerange aromatics and light olefins (propene and ethene) is favored in the medium pore channel of H-ZSM-5. On the other hand, heavier olefins such as gasoline-range and C4 olefins are formed preferentially in the large pore structure of zeolite Y based FCC catalyst (Midas-BSR). With both catalysts, triglyceride molecules are mainly converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons, which can be used as liquid fuels and platform chemicals. Hence, the utilization of the existing FCC units in conventional petroleum refineries for processing of triglyceride based feedstock, in particular waste cooking oil may open the way for production of renewable liquid fuels and chemicals in the near future.
Bài báo trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu khả năng tích hợp sản xuất nhiên liệu sinh học và hóa phẩm từ nguồn nguyên liệu tái tạo sinh khối giầu triglyceride bằng công nghệ cracking xúc tác tấng sôi (FCC) trong nhà máy lọc dầu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy xúc tác có ảnh hưởng mạnh đến hiệu quả chuyển hóa triglyceride thành hydrocarbon. Tính acid của xúc tác càng mạnh thì độ chuyển hóa càng cao và thu được nhiều sản phẩm nhẹ hơn như xăng và các olefin nhẹ. Xúc tác vi mao quản trung bình như H-ZSM-5 có độ chọn lọc cao với hợp chất vòng thơm thuộc phân đoạn xăng và olefin nhẹ như propylen và ethylen. Với kích thước vi mao quản lớn, xúc tác công nghiệp FCC dựa trên zeolite Y ưu tiên hình thành C4 olefins và các olefin trong phân đoạn xăng. Ở điều kiện phản ứng của quá trình FCC, triglyceride chuyển hóa hiệu quả thành hydrocarbon mà có thể sử dụng làm xăng sinh học cho động cơ và olefin nhẹ làm nguyên liệu cho tổng hợp hóa dầu.
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Books on the topic "Oil refineries"

1

Berman, Eli. Environmental regulation and productivity: Evidence from oil refineries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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2

Hoyle-Dodson, Guy. Shell Oil Company (Anacortes) Class II inspection. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program, 1995.

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Hoyle-Dodson, Guy. Shell Oil Company (Anacortes) Class II inspection. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program, 1995.

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Branch, Alberta Water Quality. Waste water effluent guidelines for Alberta petroleum refineries. [Edmonton, Alberta]: Alberta Environment, 1985.

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Christina, Carlson. Stormy seas, rising risks: What investors should know about climate change impacts at oil refineries. Cambridge, MA: Center for Science and Democracy at the Union of Concerned Scientists, 2015.

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Brouwer, Matthew P. Oil refining and the petroleum industry. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Commission, Paris. Discharges of oil in the Convention area. London: Oslo and Paris Commissions, 1992.

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Works, United States Congress Senate Committee on Environment and Public. Impact of environmental regulations on oil refining: Hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, on the environmental regulatory framework affecting oil refining and gasoline policy, May 12, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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Office, General Accounting. Alaskan North Slope oil: Limited effects of lifting export ban on oil and shipping industries and consumers : report to Congressional Committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. Petroleum products: Effects of imports on U.S. oil refineries and U.S. energy security : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Fossil and Synthetic Fuels, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oil refineries"

1

da Silva, Marcio Wagner. "Lubricating Production Refineries." In Crude Oil Refining, 105–17. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003291824-6.

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Allal, Samir, Natacha Amorsi, Sylvie Faucheux, and Julia Haake. "Oil Refineries in France." In Green Industrial Restructuring, 353–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04419-3_18.

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van der Straaten, Jan. "Oil Refineries in the Netherlands." In Green Industrial Restructuring, 385–402. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04419-3_19.

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Murty, Katta G., and David Kaufman. "Blending Operations in Crude Oil Refineries." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 51–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40212-9_6.

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Amiry, H., H. Sutherland, E. Martin, and P. Goodsell. "Environmental Management and Technology in Oil Refineries." In Environmental Technology in the Oil Industry, 281–314. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5472-3_10.

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Amiry, H., H. Sutherland, and E. Martin. "Environmental management and technology in oil refineries." In Environmental Technology in the Oil Industry, 291–329. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1447-1_8.

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Grist, Michelle. "Environmental Management and Technology in Oil Refineries." In Environmental Technology in the Oil Industry, 375–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24334-4_11.

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Bevilacqua, M., F. E. Ciarapica, G. Giacchetta, C. Paciarotti, and B. Marchetti. "Innovative Maintenance Management Methods in Oil Refineries." In Springer Series in Reliability Engineering, 197–226. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6778-5_7.

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Gonzalez, Martin R. "Transitioning Refineries from Sweet to Extra Heavy Oil." In Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology, 915–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49347-3_31.

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Groysman, Alec. "Process Units in Oil Refineries and Petrochemical Plants." In Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45256-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Oil refineries"

1

Al-Fadhli, Mahdi, and Ashraf Zaher. "A Smart SCADA System for Oil Refineries." In 2018 International Conference on Computing Sciences and Engineering (ICCSE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccse1.2018.8373996.

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Rashad, Ossama, Omneya Attallah, and Iman Morsi. "A PLC-SCADA Pipeline for Managing Oil Refineries." In 2022 5th International Conference on Computing and Informatics (ICCI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icci54321.2022.9756108.

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Ershaid, Mohammad, Ahmad Al-Tarkeet, Jamilah Al-Mutairi, Salwa Al-Anezi, Carlos Ruiz, Diego Ruiz, Oscar Santollani, Sebastian Cuneo, and Dhanasekar Periyasamy. "Real Time Online Energy Management at KNPC Refineries." In SPE Kuwait Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/167331-ms.

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Sellman, Erik L., S. Pavan Kumar Mandewalkar, and Gary W. Sams. "Improved Desalting of Challanging Crude Slates in Refineries." In SPE Kuwait Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/167376-ms.

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Shpakovskaya, Irina I., and Daria M. Loseva. "Simulation of Biological Wastewater Treatment of Oil Refineries and Oil Producing Enterprises." In 2019 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eiconrus.2019.8656702.

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Shargay, Cathleen, Kuntak Daru, and Jigneshkumar J. Desai. "Hot Tapping in Oil Refineries: Corrosion and Material Concerns." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65422.

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The purpose of hot tapping is to add connections on piping or equipment without depressurization or disruption of normal process operations. Hence, hot taps involve welding on items while they are in service. Although not desirable, owners are faced with situations in which hot tapping is the best option. With due regards to safety, owners rely on published industry standards, such as API RP 2201 Safe Hot Tapping Practices in the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries and ASME PCC-2, Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping, Article 2.10, for guidance on hot tapping. These standards provide excellent guidelines on the safety reviews, design details, welding procedures, testing, etc., and cover some special restrictions for hot taps due to the specific service and/or base materials. However, there are numerous additional hot tapping cases which arise in the refining industry, and the purpose of this paper is to highlight considerations due to potential corrosion or environmental cracking risks and/or due to refinery materials with special welding requirements. Examples are hot taps in services containing sour water and on low alloy Cr-Mo steels. The considerations and suggested special requirements are explained.
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Hou, Yan, NaiQi Wu, and MengChu Zhou. "Scheduling crude oil operations in refineries with genetic algorithm." In 2016 IEEE 13th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2016.7478968.

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Mac\^{e}do, July, Diego Aichele, Márcio das Chagas Moura, and Isis Lins. "Web App to Support Hazard Identification of Oil Refineries." In Proceedings of the 31st European Safety and Reliability Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-18-2016-8_517-cd.

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Paine, Alan. "Improving the Efficiency and Capacity of Edible Oil Refineries." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/eaup8434.

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It is often possible to improve the efficiency of edible oil refineries by making adjustments without any capital investment or by adding equipment that has a quick payback. As a starting point it is important to establish the current state of any plant and what it can do. Careful monitoring of the process will set a benchmark against which improvements can be measured.Simple measures such as changing the way that acid is added to the oil can potentially reduce the amount of acid required and reduce losses.In bleaching the use of silica and filter aids including diatomaceous earth and cellulose can improve the performance of filters and extend the life of filter leaves before cleaning is required.Deodorizing requires a compromise between the high temperatures required to remove volatile components and color in the oil, and the risk of forming process contaminants including trans isomers, glycidyl esters (GE) and monochloropropandiol (MCPD) esters. Raising the deodorizing temperature reduces the amount of steam per ton of oil required to remove the volatile components and can allow the production rate to be raised at the same time without always creating excessive amounts of contaminants.
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Demina, Serafima, and Alena Basamykina. "Wastewater treatment of oil refineries by sequence batch reactor." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE, ENERGY AND ECOLOGY” (TAEE2022). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127941.

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Reports on the topic "Oil refineries"

1

Marker, T. L. Opportunities for Biorenewables in Oil Refineries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861458.

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2

Berman, Eli, and Linda T. M. Bui. Environmental Regulation and Productivity: Evidence from Oil Refineries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6776.

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Matar, Walid, and Rami Shabaneh. Can Oil Refiners Adjust to a Greater Supply of Shale Oil? King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2020-dp27.

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The advent of American shale oil and its prospects for continued production growth have raised concerns about whether oil refineries can handle the increasingly lighter crude oil supply. To provide a perspective on this issue, we run a global oil refining model for the years from 2017 to 2030. The model’s objective is to maximize refining industry profits in eight global regions, taking into account around 100 grades of crude oil.
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Brown, Robert C., Ryan Smith, Mark Wright, Douglas Elliott, Daniel Resasco, and Steven Crossley. Stabilization of Bio-Oil Fractions for Insertion into Petroleum Refineries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157587.

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Freeman, Charles J., Susanne B. Jones, Asanga B. Padmaperuma, Daniel M. Santosa, Corinne Valkenburg, and John Shinn. Initial Assessment of U.S. Refineries for Purposes of Potential Bio-Based Oil Insertions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1097335.

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6

Considine, Jennifer, Kang Wu, and Abdullah AlDayel. Securing New Markets in Asia: The Value of Strategic Spot Crude Oil Sales to Teapot Refiners. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2019-dp79.

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7

Economic impacts of oil spills: Spill unit costs for tankers, pipelines, refineries, and offshore facilities. [Task 1, Final report]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10186611.

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