Journal articles: 'Oil palm fronds'

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Wajizah, Sitti, Samadi Samadi, Yunasri Usman, and Elmy Mariana. "Evaluasi Nilai Nutrisi dan Kecernaan In Vitro Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Oil Palm Fronds) yang Difermentasi Menggunakan Aspergillus niger dengan Penambahan Sumber Karbohidrat yang Berbeda." Jurnal Agripet 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v15i1.2286.

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(The evaluation of nutritive value and In Vitro digestibility of oil palm fronds through fermentation by using Aspergillus niger with different soluble carbohydrate sources) ABSTRACT. Oil palm frond (OPF) is one of potential sources of alternative feed, but has limited use due to high crude fiber and low crude protein contents. Fermentation is one of the methods widely applied to improve nutritive value of animal feed. The purpose of this research is to increase nutritive value of fermented oil palm fronds by adding different soluble carbohydrate source into fermentation media. The results of the experiments indicated that fermented oil palm fronds by Aspergillus niger had a significant effect (P0,05) on the content of crude protein, crude fiber, and ash. Generally, fermented oil palm fronds with different soluble carbohydrate was able to increase the content of crude protein of oil palm fronds, but not optimal yet in reducing the crude fiber content of fermented substrate. However, the addition of rice bran on the fermentation medium showed the best results, characterized by increasing crude protein and decreasing crude fiber contents as well as improved dry matter and organic matter digestibility, reflected in high concentration of VFA.

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Aji, Seno, Teguh Satria Mahlindo, and Sari Anggraini. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN CAMPURAN TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK KUAT TEKAN DAN POROSITAS BATU BATA." Jurnal Agro Fabrica 1, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jaf.v1i2.91.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of oil palm fronds addition as a mixture to the mechanical properties of bricks in terms of porosity testing, and compressive strength, and to determine the proper percentage of oil palm frond additions. This research is a type of experiment with a randomized block design (RBD) arranged non-factorial and the data is processed using the SPSS 20 Tukey test program. This study used a brick-shaped sample with a length of 19 cm, a width of 9.5 cm and a height of 4.5 cm. Variations in the composition of the added oil palm fronds are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Parameter mechanical properties of bricks included porosity, and compressive strength tests. The addition of oil palm fronds with a composition percentage of 0% to 10% affected the mechanical properties of the bricks by reducing porosity and increasing the compressive strength of the bricks. Based on the test results obtained by each of the best test values, namely the minimum porosity value achieved in the percentage of oil palm fronds as much as 10%, which is 18.4%. The optimum compressive strength value is achieved on the percentage of oil palm fronds as much as 10% which is equal to 20.5 N / mm².

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Wijayani, Suprih, Herry Wirianata, and Sri Gunawan. "Frond Base Fracture and Dynamics of Palm Oil Inflorescence Applied With Different Nutrient Sources." AJARCDE | Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment 6, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v6i1.84.

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Frond base fracture is an increasingly common phenomenon in oil palm plantations caused by various stress factors. This study aimed to determine the incidence of frond base fracture in the plantation where different nutrient sources were applied (palm oil mill effluent, oil palm EFB, and organic fertilizers) in relation to the dynamics of oil palm inflorescence. The incidence of frond base fracture and the production of male and female inflorescences were observed in 30 sample trees for each nutrient source. Observations were made three times with an interval monthly. To reveal the research objectives, it used descriptive analysis. The results showed that the routine application of POME increased the susceptibility of oil palms to fractured fronds and the sex ratio was higher other than that of EFB; the lowest incidence was found in the palm that was given inorganic fertilizers. frond base fracture trees produced fewer female inflorescence, although the number of male ones did not differ between frond base fracture palm and healthy ones.

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Tri Astuti, Syahro Ali Akbar, Delsi Afrini, M. Nasir Rofiq, and Irna Humaira. "The identification of fungi colonies total on the rumen content of cow and buffalo with addition of leaves and oil palm frond." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0444.

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This research aimed to determine the fungi colonies total on the rumen content of cattle and buffaloes with the addition of leaves and oil palm fronds incubated for 7 days. Each of the contents of the rumen was added with molasses, soybean soaking water as an energy source for microorganisms, as well as the addition of oil palm fronds and palm leaves to expect the type of fungus that is expected to grow. Calculation of the total colonies fungi in the rumen contents was carried out using total plate count with the dilution method. Complete Random Design by Factorial used to analyze the statistic data. Factor A was the type of rumen content (A1 = rumen of cattle, A2 = buffalo rumen), factor B was the addition of palm fronds (B1 = only rumen contents, B2 = palm oil fronds, B3 = palm leaves, and B4 = palm oil fronds and palm leaves). The results showed that the total number of fungal colonies was significantly higher in the rumen contents of cattle with an average of 509.17 104 CFU / ml. The highest total number of fungal colonies was found in rumen contents with the addition of palm oil fronds, with an average colony number of 655.83 x104 CFU / ml, while the lowest was found in buffalo rumen contents with the addition of palm fronds and palm leaves (106.67x104 CFU / ml). The addition of oil palm fronds and palm leaves to the rumen contents did not have a different effect (p> 0.05).

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Waite, Pierre-André, Bernhard Schuldt, Roman Mathias Link, Natalie Breidenbach, Triadiati Triadiati, Nina Hennings, Asmadi Saad, and Christoph Leuschner. "Soil moisture regime and palm height influence embolism resistance in oil palm." Tree Physiology 39, no. 10 (August 7, 2019): 1696–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz061.

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AbstractWith the prospect of climate change and more frequent El Niño-related dry spells, the drought tolerance of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), one of the most important tropical crop species, is of major concern. We studied the influence of soil water availability and palm height on the plasticity of xylem anatomy of oil palm fronds and their embolism resistance at well-drained and seasonally flooded riparian sites in lowland Sumatra, Indonesia. We found overall mean P12 and P50 values, i.e., the xylem pressures at 12% or 50% loss of hydraulic conductance, of −1.05 and − 1.86 MPa, respectively, indicating a rather vulnerable frond xylem of oil palm. This matches diurnal courses of stomatal conductance, which in combination with the observed low xylem safety evidence a sensitive water loss regulation. While the xylem anatomical traits vessel diameter (Dh), vessel density and potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp) were not different between the sites, palms in the moister riparian plots had on average by 0.4 MPa higher P50 values than plants in the well-drained plots. This could largely be attributed to differences in palm height between systems. As a consequence, palms of equal height had 1.3 MPa less negative P50 values in the moister riparian plots than in the well-drained plots. While palm height was positively related to P50, Dh and Kp decreased with height. The high plasticity in embolism resistance may be an element of the drought response strategy of oil palm, which, as a monocot, has a relatively deterministic hydraulic architecture. We conclude that oil palm fronds develop a vulnerable water transport system, which may expose the palms to increasing drought stress in a warmer and drier climate. However, the risk of hydraulic failure may be reduced by considerable plasticity in the hydraulic system and the environmental control of embolism resistance, and a presumably large stem capacitance.

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Susilawati, Siti Utari Rahayu, Marponghatun, and Suharman. "Processing of Palm Midrib Waste into Animal Feed with a Fermentation Process that is integrated with a chopper in Sialang Village, Deli Serdang Regency." ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 7, no. 1 (April 25, 2022): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v7i1.6509.

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Sialang Village is one of the villages in North Sumatra, precisely located in Bangun Purba District, Deli Serdang Regency. The village is surrounded by oil palm plantations, both company-owned and private, with the main livelihood of the villagers working on oil palm plantations and also raising cattle. The village's potential to produce palm fronds waste is very large, but the villagers do not use palm fronds waste because they do not know how to treat this waste. Meanwhile, grass as animal feed has become increasingly difficult to obtain from time to time because residents have maximized the use of empty land for planting oil palm. Therefore, the University of North Sumatra community service team wants to apply science and technology in Sialang Village in the form of transfer of knowledge and technology on processing palm frond waste into animal feed integrated with chopper machines.

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Astuti, Tri, M. N. Rofiq, and Nurhaita Nurhaita. "EVALUASI KANDUNGAN BAHAN KERING, BAHAN ORGANIK DAN PROTEIN KASAR PELEPAH SAWIT FERMENTASI DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SUMBER KARBOHIDRAT." JURNAL PETERNAKAN 14, no. 2 (November 17, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jupet.v14i2.4247.

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This research was aimed to evaluate the content of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of palm oil fronds as an alternative feed substitution of native grass, which was enhanced through fermentation biotechnological innovation with the addition of carbohydrate soluble. Fermentation palm oil frond done using local microorganisms resources rumen content andLactobacillus. The experimental design used was factorial on complete randomized design 2x3 with 3 replication each treatment. Factor A were the source of inoculums fermentation, A1=. lactobacillus, A2= local microorganisms resources rumen content. Factor B were the source of soluble carbohydrates where B1 = without a carbohydrates, rice B2 = e bran, B3 = tapioca starch. Parameters measured were content of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein of palm oil fronds. The results of this research showed that no interaction effect between the source of microorganisms with carbohydrates, and the treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on dry matter content. No effect Factor A for all parameters while the factors B Influential were significantly (P < 0.01) on the content of organic matter and crude protein. The highest crude protein content in the fermented palm oil fronds with a source of carbohydrates from rice bran (6.55%)

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Kamaliah, Kamaliah. "Variasi Sifat Makroskopis dan Mikroskopis Pelepah Kelapa Sawit." Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v3i2.147.

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Macroscopic characteristics of palm oil, the colors green and yellow midrib, including coarse texture, have the impression conjecture include rough, fibrous fiber direction straight, belongs to a class of light wood. Frond palm oil when used as a raw material for making paper will produce paper with tensile strength, the strength of folding and bursting strength which is quite high when seen from the results of standardized physical properties of pulp, because it includes quality class II, and the results of variance treatment fronds of palm aged < 5 years and palm fronds aged > 5 years very significant effect on fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber lumen diameter and fiber wall thickness. The average value dimension palm frond fibers to the fiber length is included in the classification of "Long" (2489.357 m), the diameter of the fiber included in the classification of "Great" (39.827 m), lumen diameter fibers included in the classification of "very large" (25.610 �m), and a wall thickness of fibers included in the classification of "medium" (7,069�m). Values derived fiber dimensions palm fronds are Runkel Ration included in quality classes IV, Weaving Southwestern included in quality class I, Muhlsteph Ration included in quality classes IV, Stiffness coefficient included in quality classes IV and Flexibility Ration included in quality class I. Based the total value of the derivative dimension palm frond fibers which included 375 in class II.

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Pradiko, Iput, Eko Novandy Ginting, Nuzul Hijri Darlan, Winarna Winarna, and Hasril Hasan Siregar. "CORRELATION BETWEEN RAINFALL PATTERN AND OIL PALM PERFORMANCE IN SUMATRA AND BORNEO ISLAND DURING EL NIÑO 2015." Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 24, no. 2 (February 21, 2018): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i2.11.

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El Niño 2015 is one of the strongest El Niño. Drought stress due to El Niño could affect oil palm performances. This study was conducted to determine rainfall pattern and oil palm performance in Sumatra and Borneo Island during El Niño 2015. Data employed in this study is monthly rainfall data, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) January-December 2015, andoil palm performances. Pearson correlation between SOI and rainfall data was used to analyze rainfall pattern, while oil palm performances were observed based on morphological conditions. Result shows that southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo suffer from more dry spell, dry month, and water deficit such as 37-133 days, 3-5 months, and 349-524 mm respectively. Analysis of rainfall pattern shows that Jambi, South Sumatra, Lampung, Central, South, and East Borneo are significantly (r ≥ +0,60) affected by El Niño 2015. Oil palms in southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo are suffer from drought stressmarked by the emergence of more than two spear fronds, appearing of many male flowers, malformations on bunches, fronds tend to hanging down, and lower fronds tend to dry.

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Pradiko, Iput, Eko Novandy Ginting, Nuzul Hijri Darlan, Winarna Winarna, and Hasril Hasan Siregar. "CORRELATION BETWEEN RAINFALL PATTERN AND OIL PALM PERFORMANCE IN SUMATRA AND BORNEO ISLAND DURING EL NIÑO 2015." Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit 24, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i2.11.

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El Niño 2015 is one of the strongest El Niño. Drought stress due to El Niño could affect oil palm performances. This study was conducted to determine rainfall pattern and oil palm performance in Sumatra and Borneo Island during El Niño 2015. Data employed in this study is monthly rainfall data, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) January-December 2015, andoil palm performances. Pearson correlation between SOI and rainfall data was used to analyze rainfall pattern, while oil palm performances were observed based on morphological conditions. Result shows that southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo suffer from more dry spell, dry month, and water deficit such as 37-133 days, 3-5 months, and 349-524 mm respectively. Analysis of rainfall pattern shows that Jambi, South Sumatra, Lampung, Central, South, and East Borneo are significantly (r ≥ +0,60) affected by El Niño 2015. Oil palms in southern part of Sumatra and mostly part of Borneo are suffer from drought stressmarked by the emergence of more than two spear fronds, appearing of many male flowers, malformations on bunches, fronds tend to hanging down, and lower fronds tend to dry.

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Mekbib Atn, Samson, Shaharin Anwar Sula, and Suzana Yusup. "Downdraft Gasification of Oil-palm Fronds." Trends in Applied Sciences Research 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 1006–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2011.1006.1018.

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Triyanti, Merti, and Zico Fakhrur Rozi. "SOSIALISASI PEMANFAATAN PELEPAH SAWIT SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PAKAN TERNAK SAPI DI DESA MULYOHARJO KECAMATAN BTS ULU KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS." Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.31604/jpm.v4i1.347-350.

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This Community Service Program is motivated by the large number of lands that have changed their function as both residential land and plantation land in the village of Mulyoharjo, especially oil palm plantations. The plantations produce palm oil waste which is largely unused, including oil palm fronds. In addition, the impact of these plantations is the reduction in open land used by cattle farmers as animal feed. Therefore the STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau PKM Team tried to apply the use of palm fronds as an alternative to cattle feed. Palm fronds are one of the byproducts or can be said to be waste from oil palm plantations. The abundant amount of palm midrib can be used as animal feed. Palm midrib itself Has nutritional content that is 48.78% dry matter, crude protein 5.3%, hemicellulose 21.1%, cellulose 27.9%, crude fiber 31.09%, ash 4.48%, BETN 51.87 %, lignin 16.9% and silica 0.6%. This activity has been carried out by involving partners namely the people of Mulyoharjo Village and was followed with enthusiasm. The output targets to be achieved by the PKM team are the improvement of community values and publications. In practice, using theoretical and practical methods begins with the preparation, material and practice of making cattle feed from palm fronds.

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Astuti, Tri, Syahro Ali Akbar, Delsi Afriani, M. Nasir Rofiq Rofiq, and Fajri Basyirun. "The Evaluation of Using Bio Activators Based on Rumen Content of Dry Matter, Organic Matter, and Crude Protein on Oil Palm Fronds as Ruminant Feed." Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) 4, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/hajas.v4i1.18527.

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This study aims to examine the effect of using rumen content bioactivators with the addition of different energy sources on nutrient content, fiber fraction content, and energy estimation in palm leaves and midribs that will be used as feed ingredients for ruminants. Factorial completely randomized design 2x4 with 4 replications for each treatment was used in this study. Factor A is the source of the rumen contents, where A1 = Cattle rumen, A2 = Buffalo rumen. Factor B is a microbial energy supply; B1 = Molasses, B2 = Molasses + palm frond extract, B3 = Molasses + palm leaf extract, B4 = Molasses + palm frond and leaf extract. Parameters observed were dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein. The results of the variance analysis showed that there was no interaction (P> 0.05) between the source of rumen content and the type of microbial energy supply. The dry matter content of palm fronds is not affected by the source of the rumen content of cows or buffaloes. The source of the rumen content based on cattle or buffaloes have no effect on the dry matter content of palm fronds. Keywords: Bioactivator, oil palm frond, ruminant.

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Syamani, Firda Aulya, and Sasa Sofyan Munawar. "Eco-friendly Board from Oil Palm Frond and Citric Acid." Wood Research Journal 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2013.4.2.72-75.

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The utilization of oil palm fronds as composite board raw material has developed due to the declining wood supply. Currently, citric acid is used as natural adhesive on the wood-based moldings to reduce the use formaldehyde-based resin. Citric acid has carboxylic acid functional group that can react with hydroxyl functional group from cellulose by esterification reaction. This paper explain the production of board from oil palm frond and citric acid, then elaborate their physical and mechanical properties. Oil palm fronds were processed with ring flaker to produce particles with 1 ~ 5 cm length. The particles were dried until the moisture content reached 6%. Citric acid solution was obtained by stirring 700 g citric acid in 1000 ml water. Citric acid solution were sprayed onto particles. The weight of citric acid were 10%, 15% and 20% based on oil palm fronds’ dry weight. Boards were produced with density target of 0.6 g/cm3 and pressure at 1N/mm2 for 10 min. The hot pressing temperatures were varied at 140ºC, 160ºC, 180ºC, and 200ºC. Physical and mechanical test were performed according to JIS A 5908-2003. The MOR, MOE, IB and SW values of boards with 15 wt% citric acid content and pressed at 200oC were 5.85 N/mm2, 1067.03 N/mm2, 0.26 N/mm2 and 88.80 N respectively. The optimum condition for board production obtained upon citric acid content and pressing temperature in a range of 15% ~ 20% and 180ºC ~ 200ºC, respectively.

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Bulan, Ramayanti, Safrizal Safrizal, Muhammad Yasar, and Saiful Bahri. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Management Palm-Oil Fronds Into Compost and Mulch in West Aceh District." Rona Teknik Pertanian 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v11i1.10663.

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Abstract. The development of palm-oil plantations aims to create employment opportunities, improve the prosperity of community and income country. However, palm-oil plantation waste in the form of fronds has not been optimally managed. The aims of this research is to study of palm-oil fronds management feasibility in palm-oil plantations to be compost and mulch. The goals of this research is to study of palm-oil fronds management feasibility in palm-oil plantations to be compost and mulch. The study was conducted on one of the palm-oil plantations in West Aceh District. The techno-economic feasibility study refers to the use of all the necessary equipment and machinery in the management of palm-oil fronds. Factors to be considered in techno-economic analysis are NPV, Net B/C, IRR, Payback Period and BEP. The palm-oil plantation area studied is 576 ha which has the potential to produce as palm-oil fronds as much as 781 unit/day. Palm-oil fronds management uses two scenarios: centralized management scenarios (designed for only one processing unit) and decentralization (designed into two processing units). The results show that the techno-economic criteria of NPV, Net B/C, IRR, payback period and BEP for scenario one are Rp 766,518,333; 1.25; 25%; 8.09 years; 23,290.72 tons, respectively. The techno-economic criteria of NPV, Net B/C, IRR, payback period and BEP for scenario two are Rp 487,406,792; 1.07; 15%; 14.23 years; 40,935.51 tons, respectively. The value of these techno-economic criteria suggests that the management of palm-oil fronds from centralized scenarios is more feasible to undertake than the decentralization scenario. Studi Kelayakan Tekno-Ekonomi Pengelolaan Pelepah Sawit Menjadi Kompos dan Mulsa di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Abstrak. Pengembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit bertujuan untuk menciptakan kesempatan kerja, meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan sektor penghasil devisa negara. Namun, Limbah perkebunan kelapa sawit berupa pelepah sawit belum dikelola secara optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian kelayakan tekno-ekonomi dari pengelolaan limbah pelepah sawit menjadi kompos dan mulsa. Kajian dilaksanakan pada salah satu perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Studi kelayakan tekno-ekonomi merujuk pada penggunaan seluruh alat dan mesin yang diperlukan dalam pengelolaan limbah pelepah sawit tersebut. Faktor yang dipertimbangkan diantara adalah NPV, Net B/C, IRR, Payback Period dan BEP. Luas perkebunan yang dikaji adalah 576 ha yang berpotensi menghasilkan pelepah sawit sebanyak 781 pelepah/hari. Potensi limbah pelepah sawit tersebut ditangani dengan dua skenario yaitu skenario pengelolaan sentralisasi (didesain hanya satu unit pengolahan) dan desentralisasi (didesain menjadi dua unit pengolahan). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kriteria tekno-ekonomi NPV, Net B/C, IRR, payback period dan BEP untuk skenario satu masing-masing adalah Rp 766,518,333; 1.25; 25%; 8.09 tahun; 23,290.72 ton. Kriteria tekno-ekonomi NPV, Net B/C, IRR, payback period dan BEP untuk skenario dua masing-masing adalah Rp 487,406,792; 1.07; 15%; 14,23 tahun; 40,935.51 ton. Nilai kriteria tekno-ekonomi ini mengisyaratkan bahwa pengelolaan pelepah sawit skenario sentralisasi lebih layak untuk dilakukan dari pada skenario desentralisasi.

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Irvanto, D., A. Ardiyanto, and L. M. Tamba. "Identification of Fungi in Oil Palm with Dry Frond Disease at PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 985, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/985/1/012050.

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Abstract Oil palm is a plantation crop that produces palm oil and palm kernel oil which are Indonesia's main source of foreign exchange from the plantation sector. The practice of monoculture cultivation on oil palm plantations grown on various types of soil in Indonesia, has big challenges in the aspect of cultivation, especially pest and disease control. One of the diseases that cause losses in the cultivation of this commodity is dry frond. This disease has been found in oil palm trees in the plantation of PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro grown on Quartzpsamments and Haplohemists soils. This pathogen causes the rachis and leaves to dry from the tip to the base of the frond. The spread of this disease is thought to be due to contact between infected to healthy fronds. In this study, 6 isolates were obtain from leaves and 7 isolates from infected rachis. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the isolates, one isolate from Sungai Langir Estate belonged to the genus Thielaviopsis sp. However, the postulate koch test showed that the thirteen isolates could not infect and cause symptoms of dry frond disease on the leaves and rachis of the tested oil palm plants.

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Seri Maulina and M Hidayat Hasibuan. "PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE PELEBURAN ALKALI." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 5, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v5i3.1544.

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Palm frond is one of the solid waste from oil palm plantations which contains lignocellulose namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose from waste palm fronds can be further processed into useful products and economic value, one of which is used as raw material for making oxalic acid. The purpose of this research is assess the effect of temperature and reaction time in the hydrolysis of palm fronds with alkali fusion method of producing oxalic acid. The research consisted of two stages that is the stage of preparation of palm fronds and the stage of oxalic acid synthesis, which include alkali fusion and crystallization processes. Analysis of the raw materials include the analysis of water content and cellulose content of palm fronds. From the results of this study showed water content is 53.7% and cellulose content is 30.9%. At this research for quantitative analysis includes the conversion of cellulose and yield oxalic acid. From these results obtained optimum conditions at a reaction temperature of 90 °C and a reaction time of 60 minutes the cellulosic conversion is 79.2% and a yield is 59.6% oxalic acid. For qualitative analysis includes purity analysis using FTIR and melting point analysis. FTIR analysis results indicate that the group has approached the standard of oxalic acid and melting point of 101.8 °C which indicates that the oxalic acid is obtained in the form of oxalic acid dihydrate.

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Phoochinda, Wisakha. "Management of Oil Palm’s Residues for Utilization: Reduced Amount of Greenhouse Gas." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 5 (September 28, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n5p96.

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As the demand of oil palm outputs in the world market and Thailand has increased, it results in the oil palm‘s residues which need to be utilized. The study aimed to investigate the utilization of oil palm’s residues and analyze the greenhouse gas emission from the utilization of oil palm’s residues. The study reviewed related literature to obtain concepts, theories, research works, policies, and measures related to the utilization of oil palm’s residues and interviewed to relevant scholars and agencies. The greenhouse gas emission on the utilization of oil palm’s residues were calculated and then compared. The study findings revealed the utilization of the residues and the emission of greenhouse gas as follows: cultivation of straw mushroom from empty palm bunch emitted greenhouse gas 323.1264 KgCO2eq /year; use of oil palm fronds as animal feed emitted greenhouse gas 109.674 KgCO2eq /year; use of empty palm bunch to cover soil emitted greenhouse gas in total 109.674 KgCO2eq /year; composting from residues from palm oil extracting plants emitted greenhouse gas 210.346 KgCO2eq /year, compilation of oil palm fronds in heaps revealed no greenhouse gas emission, and composting from palm bunch emitted greenhouse gas 210.346 KgCO2eq /year.

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Imsya, Afnur, Riswandi, and Yaqub. "Optimization of the utilization of blood meal with palm oil fronds absorbance fermented as feed stuff to changes of nutrition content." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1016, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1016/1/012028.

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Abstract The utilization of agricultural and livestock waste by-products, apart from being an alternative feed ingredient, can also reduce environmental pollution. Palm fronds as a by-product of oil palm plantations are rarely utilized and most of them will be burned and couraging climate change phenomenon. Cattle blood is a by-product of abattoirs that directly impact the environment. Most of the cattle blood not used efficiently, and pollutes the environment. The research aims to increase the use of blood meal with the absorbance of palm fronds fermented as feedstuff on changes in nutritional content. The study used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern. Factor A is the inoculant treatment, namely A1: Bacillus amylolytic flavacient bacteria A2: Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria, factor B is the incubation time, namely: B1 = 0 hours; B2 = 60 hours and B3 = 120 hours., each treatment was repeated 3 times respectively. Parameters observed were nutrient content based on proximate analysis The results showed that there was interaction between the type of inoculant and the incubation time used in fermenting blood meal with the absorbance of palm fronds. Incubation time had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the content of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber and crude protein, while the incubation time had no significant effect on (P>0.05) crude fat content. Based on the results of the study, it was found that in blood meal with absorbent palm oil fronds, Lactobacillus plantarum inoculants with an incubation times of 120 days gave the best results in blood meal with absorbance palm oil fronds fermented.

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Siboro, Jusy. "PENGUJIAN PENGGUNAAN BIOCHAR BERBAHAN BAKU SISA POHON KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DI MAIN NURSERY PADA TANAH ULTISOL ASAL GALANG." Fruitset Sains : Jurnal Pertanian Agroteknologi 10, no. 1 (December 12, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/fruitset.v10i1.1835.

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The rest of the oil palm plantations in large quantities, if not processed, can damage the environment. if used properly, it can be used as biochar, which functions to improve the soil. This study aims to determine the effect of testing the use of Biochar made from raw residual Palm Oil Trees for The Growth Of Palm Oil Seeds (Elaeis guenensis Jacq.) in the Main Nursery in Ultisol. The research was conducted using a complete randomized design (RAL) non factorial with 4 replications. The factors is biochar consisting of 5 treatments: B0 (Control); B1 (biochar of stem palm oil); B2 (biochar of palm oil fronds); B3 (biochar of empty fruit bunch compost); B4 (biochar of stem palm oil + fronds + oil empty fruit bunch compost). The parameters observed were plant height, diameter of the stem and number of leaves. The results showed that administration of biochar had no significant effect on increasing plant height, application of biochar also had no significant effect on increasing the diameter the stem, application of biochar had no significant effect on increasing the giving biochar had no number of leaves of oil palm seedlings.

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Maulina, Seri, and Fadhil Al Faruq Sinaga. "The Opportunities of Oil Palm Fronds Become a Commercial Liquid Smoke." Materials Science Forum 948 (March 2019): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.948.159.

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The purpose of this study is to review the diversification process of oil palm fronds into commercial liquid smoke products. The pyrolysis process of oil palm fronds at 250 °C for 2h was performed to produce crude liquid smoke and followed distillation process at 125, 150, 175 and 200 °C for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min to separate tar as a contributor dark color in liquid smoke. By titration method, the distilled liquid smoke has 5.15% of acetic acid at pH = 2.3 and this result in accordance with FAO standard. The composition of an organic acid, carbonyl, and phenolic compounds were 45.46, 23.08, 29.60 percentages, respectively in distilled liquid smoke and classified as refined liquid smoke. These results indicated that liquid smoke generated from oil palm fronds has a good prospect as a commercial product and suitable for food preservative in the further study based on chemical characteristics.

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James J., Helena Anusia, Wan Ishak Wan I., Nazmi Mat Nawi, Abdul Rashid M. Shariff, and Saman Abdanan Mehdizadeh. "Application of Artificial Neural Network Classification to Determine Nutrient Content in Oil Palm Leaves." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 3 (2018): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12403.

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Abstract. The classification of oil palm nutrient level based on leaf samples is an important factor to dictate the quality of fresh fruit bunch (FFB). The optimum nutrient level in a palm tree ensures high yield and productivity. This study evaluated a spectroradiometer of spectral bands ranging from 350 to 2500 nm to detect nutrient level in oil palm leaf samples. The features considered were types of nutrient and fronds, explored in spectral reflectance of wavelength for nutrient level determination. Results from statistical analysis using the spectral reflectance of oil palm leaves with partial least square (PLS) models were used for classification of three nutrient levels, comprising of low, optimum, and high amount of fertilization, using the artificial neural network (ANN) to inspect oil palm leaves for contents of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). From the 90 leaf samples, the ANN models had classification performance of 85.32% accuracy for oil palm nutrient contents determination and 69.42% accuracy for frond identification. Results of this study imply the use of ANN as a prime tool for classification and identification of features in oil palm leaves. Keywords: Artificial neural network (ANN), Oil palm, Nutrients, Spectroradiometer.

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Desi Fitria, Iswidana Utama Putra, Dennis Rydarto Tambunan, and Melly Susanti. "Training The Utilization Of Palm Oil Waste Supporting Village Community Economy." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, no. 4 (July 25, 2021): 1234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i4.266.

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There are still a lot of environmentally friendly waste that has not been used. Like palm oil fronds that rot because they are not used. This is due to the lack of knowledge about the benefits of oil palm frond waste. The purpose of this research is to provide insight to the community about processing oil palm frond waste, through training. Specifically, this study aims to measure the level of training in the utilization of palm oil frond waste against the results of activities in making products from environmentally friendly waste. It is hoped that this research can help the farming community in utilizing palm oil frond waste into a high-value product. The research sample consisted of 25 members of community organizations (PKK women's groups and youth youth groups). The method used is true experimental design by conducting training on the manufacture of products from oil palm frond waste. The results show that the informant independent variable (X1) has a significance of 0.175, material (X2) has a significance of 0.099, facilities (X3) has a significance of 0.956, behavior (X4) has a significance of 0.000. and innovation (X5) significance of 0.397. The significance value of the F test is 0.000. and all variables have an effect on Activity Results (Y). However, when tested individually, the behavior variable accepts the hypothesis while other independent variables reject the hypothesis. there are still many influences from other variables (R Squre = 66.7%) that affect the results of activities. Further research can use other methods, to find the effect of training on the results of activities.

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Veeraiya, Thivagaran, Shuhaida Harun, and Mastura Abd Manaf. "Precipitation of Xylan from Agricultural Waste Using Acid and Alcohol to produce Bio-Polymer Film." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 10, SP2 (December 26, 2022): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.722.

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Xylan from natural sources such as agricultural waste can be used to produce biopolymer packaging films and reduce the use up of petrochemical film. In this study, three different agricultural wastes (oil palm frond, sugarcane bagasse and corn stover) were used to extract xylan by using various alkaline and acidic solvents. From the analysis of the composition of oil palm fronds, it was found that oil palm frond contains (%) 30.8 ± 0.4 glucan, 19.3 ± 0.3 xylan and 18.4± 0.8 lignin. The percentage of extraction of xylan with sodium hydroxide is higher than sulfuric acid and dimethyl sulfoxide. Xylan extracted with dimethyl sulfoxide contains acetyl qualifiers and is suitable for producing carboxymethyl xylan. For xylan deposition, the use of a high concentration of ethanol gave a high xylan precipitation. Finally, the film with sorbitol as a plasticizing material showed low water absorption and high tensile strength of 4,855 gs-1m-1 Pa and 26 Mpa respectively.

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SABIANI, N. H. M., and N. AWANG. "AEROBIC COMPOSTING OF OIL PALM FRONDS – A REVIEW." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 20, no. 3 (2022): 2509–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2003_25092533.

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Sulaiman, S. A., S. Balamohan, M. N. Z. Moni, S. M. Atnaw, and A. O. Mohamed. "Feasibility study of gasification of oil palm fronds." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 9 (December 30, 2015): 1744–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.9.2015.20.0168.

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Wanrosli, W. D., Z. Zainuddin, K. N. Law, and R. Asro. "Pulp from oil palm fronds by chemical processes." Industrial Crops and Products 25, no. 1 (January 2007): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.07.005.

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Sulaiman, Shaharin Anwar, and Farid Fawzy Fathy Taha. "Drying of Oil Palm Fronds Using Concentrated Solar Thermal Power." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.449.

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Malaysia has great potential for biomass stock. The fact that oil palm fronds contain high moisture content makes it unsuitable to be used directly as a biomass fuel neither for direct combustion nor gasification. Conventional and costly drying methods make the fronds a non-attractive fuel especially in humid tropical countries, where sources of biomass is abundant. A new solar dryer design is proposed that utilizes concentrated solar thermal energy for drying oil palm fronds. A prototype for the dryer has been fabricated and tested. The system’s target is to maximize the thermal energy received by the system and to minimize energy loss out of the system. Experiments were performed on samples of oil palm fronds at a drying temperature not exceeding 110°C; in order not to affect the organic material of the biomass. Results were compared with another experiment performed at the same temperature. An electric oven was used for drying. The samples were completely dried using the proposed system for 6.5 hours, compared to 10.5 hours by using the electric oven. The proposed system achieved an average drying rate of 4.75 g/hr compared to an average drying rate of 2.83 g/hr using the electric oven. The efficiency of the dryer was calculated to be 55.4%, implying good potential of the proposed system.

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Mentari, Vidyanova Anggun, and Seri Maulina. "Perbandingan Gugus Fungsi dan Morfologi Permukaan Karbon Aktif dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Aktivator Asam Fosfat (H3PO4) dan Asam Nitrat (HNO3)." Talenta Conference Series: Science and Technology (ST) 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/st.v1i2.299.

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Indonesia termasuk negara produsen kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia. Berdasarkan laporan Badan Pusat Statistik luas perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia pada tahun 2016 sebesar 11.672.861 Ha. Limbah perkebunan kelapa sawit tersedia dalam jumlah yang banyak dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal salah satunya yaitu pelepah kelapa sawit. Pelepah kelapa sawit termasuk kategori limbah basah (wet by-products) dengan jumlah produksi pelepah kelapa sawit pada tahun 2016 yaitu sebesar 191.434.920 ton.Paper ini membahas perbandingan gugus fungsi dan morfologi permukaan karbon aktif dari pelepah kelapa sawit(elaeis guineensis Jacq) dengan aktivator H3PO4 dan HNO3.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan gugus fungsi dan morfologi permukaan karbon aktif dari pelepah kelapa sawit dengan aktivator H3PO4 dan HNO3. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi proses impregnasi, karbonisasi, dan pencucian. Konsentrasi aktivator yang digunakan yaitu 20% dengan suhu aktivasi 400 oC. Analisa yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini meliputi analisis morfologi permukaan karbon aktif dengan menggunakan SEM dan analisis spektra secara FTIR terhadap karbon aktif. Hasilanalisa morfologi menggunakan SEM menunjukkan adanya pori yang terbentuk pada karbon aktif dan identifikasi dengan spektrofotometer FTIR menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif pada penelitian ini mengandung gugus fungsi C=O, C=C, C-C, N=O, C-N, C-OH, CH2dan C-H Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. Based on the Central Statistics Agency's report, the area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia in 2016 amounted to 11,672,851 Ha. Palm oil plantation waste is available in large quantities and has not been utilized optimally; one of which is palm tree fronds. Palm oil fronds are categorized as wet waste (wet by products) with the amount of palm oil fronds production in 2016 was equal to 191,434,920 tons. This paper discussed the comparison of functional groups and surface morphology of activated carbon from oil palm fronds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) with H3PO4 and HNO3 activators. This study aimed to determine the comparison of functional groups and surface morphology of activated carbon from oil palm fronds with activators of H3PO4 and HNO3. The method used included the process of impregnation, carbonization, and washing. The concentration of activator used was 20% with an activation temperature of 400 oC. The analysis carried out in this study included the analysis of the surface morphology of activated carbon using SEM and FTIR spectra analysis of activated carbon. Morphological analysis using SEM showed the presence of pores formed on activated carbon. Identification with FTIR spectrophotometer showed that the activated carbon in this study contained functional groups C = O, C = C, CC, N = O, CN, C-OH, CH2 and CH.

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Ernis, Gustria, Nola Windirah, and Ahmad Saleh Harahap. "Peningkatan Kapasitas Kelompok Wanita Tani Desa dalam Pemanfaatan Limbah Sawit Sebagai Silase." Berdikari: Jurnal Inovasi dan Penerapan Ipteks 9, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/berdikari.v9i1.10897.

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Massive land conversion into palm oil tree plantation causes massive plantation waste (palm fronds) and the decrease of animal food in Jenggalu Village, Sukaraja, Seluma, Bengkulu. The solution for the problem is by utilizing palm fronds as silage (fermented animal food). The purpose of this community service is to improve the ability of female farmer group (Kelompok Wanita Tani/ KWT) Tanjung Aur in utilizing palm fronds as silage. The method applied is theory and practice on how to create silage, preparing the procedure to create silage along with the main ingredients, and then holding the workshop on processing food fermentation from palm fronds using EM-4 activator. To maintain the continuity of the program, besides choosing the person in charge of the equipment, a supervision was also done in the form of monitoring and evaluation. After the fermentation process is completely applied for the livestock, the obtained results indicate that cows really like the food, this can be seen from the consumption increase. From the observation, the animal food and its technology are categorized as ‘useful’ and ‘very useful’ based on KWT members’ understanding. From the activity, it can be concluded that the KWT members’ ability towards the technology of utilizing palm fronds as silage is improved and it will be continuously applied.

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Md Salleh, Salihatun, E. A. Rahim, Mohd Nazrul Roslan, Maznan Ismon, M. A. Madlan, S. R. Masrol, Abdul Razak Jelani, and Mohd Rizal Ahmad. "Hand-Arm Vibration of Unskilled Oil Palm Motorised Cutter Operator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.695.

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The portable petrol driven oil palm motorised cutter or CANTAS has been identified as a type of machine that generates hand-arm vibration. These vibrations can cause complex vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal disorder known as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) when over exposure of daily usage. The objective of this study is to investigate the vibration level at different angles during the operational of the CANTAS including idle and full throttle conditions. The CANTAS vibration experiments were carried out at a farm in Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor. A student participated as the unskilled worker and was assisted by two technical staffs to conduct the vibration measurements. The measurement was taken during the operations of cutting first fronds, second fronds and a fruit bunch during idle and full throttle conditions and by varying the inclination angle. The inclinations of cutting angle were varied from 45º, 60º and 75º. The hand-arm vibration value, ahv achieved 10.93 ±1.2 m/s2 and 7.94 ± 1.0 m/s2 for unskilled user during operation of two bunches and one pruning frond for all angles at point 1 and point 2 handle respectively. Mean vibration values at both point of handles resulted in vibration values of 10.12±3.8m/s2 at 450, 9.15±3.0m/s2 at 600 and 9.03±1.8m/s2 at 750. Increasing the angle overall results in decreasing the level of vibration at both handle points.

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Iriany, Cindy Carnella, and Cici Novita Sari. "PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET DARI PELEPAH DAN CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT: PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI BAHAN BAKU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP KUALITAS BRIKET." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 5, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v5i3.1542.

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Briquette was a product of the compaction process of biomass residue used as fuel and it is formed using binder. Briquette from biomass has a high heating value. The quality of briquettes influenced by raw material composition and the time of carbonization. The carbonization process in the manufacture of briquettes could improve heating value and reduce smoke produced from burning briquette. This research is aim to study the effect of variations in the composition of raw materials and carbonization time on the heating value and the characteristics of the resulting briquettes. The materials used are palm fronds, palm shells, starch, used oil, H2SO4 and Tri Ethyl Amine (TEA). The ratios of palm frond and palm shell charcoal in this research is 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 6 and 1: 8 with variation of carbonization time 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes. The research began with the carbonization process of the raw materials. Then charcoal product of carbonization was pressed using an binder starch and used oil as much as 20% based on the weight of raw materials at the ratio of 1: 1. The best quality from this research is obtained at the ratio palm fronds and oil palm shell 1: 8 with carbonization time of 120 minutes, heating value 15107,138 cal/g, moisture content 6%, ash content of 5,185%, volatile matter 39,226%, fixed carbon 70,955%, density 0,442 g/cm3, burning rate 0,273 g/min, and compressive strength 0,046 N / mm2. The result shows the briquettes produced had a strong structure, it was not easily broken and it was not moldy when stored.

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Wan Daud, Wan Rosli, and Kwei-Nam Law. "Oil palm fibers as papermaking material: Potentials and challenges." BioResources 6, no. 1 (December 7, 2010): 901–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.901-917.

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This paper reviews the physical and chemical characteristics of fibers from the stem, fronds, and empty fruit bunches of oil palm tree in relation to their papermaking properties. Challenges regarding the use of this nonwood material for papermaking are raised, and possible solutions to them are given. A vision for the complete utilization of oil palm biomass is also outlined.

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Khosravihaftkhany, Shabnam, Norhashimah Morad, Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah, Tjoon Tow Teng, and Norli Ismail. "Biosorption of Pb(ii) and Fe(iii) from aqueous co-solutions using chemically pretreated oil palm fronds." RSC Advances 5, no. 129 (2015): 106498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15325e.

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Zikri, Rahmat, Evelin Natasyah, and Muhdarina Muhdarina. "Synthesis of Oil Palm Fronds Charcoal as Adsorbent to Reduce Levels of Fe (III) in Peat Water." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 25, no. 8 (October 10, 2022): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.8.300-306.

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The high content of carbon compounds in palm fronds (OPF) makes them potentially useful as an adsorbent. The carbonization method was used for the adsorbent synthesis process. This process began with collecting palm frond waste and then drying and sifting the adsorbent particle. This process resulted in the escape particles with a size of 80 mesh and suspended particles with 120 mesh. Then this process continued by carbonizing the palm fronds with temperature variations starting from (400, 500, and 600°C) for 60 minutes to obtain Charcoal Oil Palm Fronts (COPF). The obtained COPF was determined for moisture and ash content and characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM to determine the surface, functional groups, degree of amorphism, crystallinity, and surface morphology. The adsorption efficiency of COPF was applied to the adsorption of Fe (III) in peat water under varying contact time, adsorbent mass, and peat water volume conditions. The water and ash content of COPF qualify the technical quality requirements for activated charcoal according to SNI 06-3730-1995. FTIR analysis detected the presence of vibrations of the C-O, O-H, C=O, C-C, and C-H functional groups on the COPF surface. The XRD pattern showed the existence of a semi-crystalline (002) and (100) plane structure, which is shown at scattering angles of 2θ = 22o and 42o. The surface morphology of COPF showed that as the carbonization temperature increased, the number of pores formed increased, and the pore size decreased. The best adsorption test results were obtained with a contact time of 30 minutes, an adsorbent mass of 1.00 g, and a peat water volume of 100 mL. The highest Fe adsorption efficiency was achieved by COPF 500, where the adsorbed mass was 0.054 mg. Increasing the carbonization temperature causes the water content to decrease and the ash content to increase. High water content and ash content cause a decrease in adsorption efficiency because they can cover the pores of the adsorbent.

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Flood, Julie. "A Review of Fusarium Wilt of Oil Palm Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis." Phytopathology® 96, no. 6 (June 2006): 660–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0660.

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Vascular wilt is the most destructive disease of oil palm in Africa and causes severe losses in some areas. Symptoms include initial wilting followed by desiccation of the fronds, which finally break and hang around the trunk. Internally, characteristic browning of the vascular elements is seen both in adult palms and in seedlings. Two disease syndromes are commonly seen in the field in adult palms—“acute wilt” where the palm dies within a few weeks and “chronic wilt” where the palm may remain alive for many months and even years but becomes progressively stunted. The pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis) is a soilborne fungus and the perennial nature of the crop ensured that, in the past, disease management was difficult. Over a period of 30 to 40 years, screening for resistance at the nursery stage was introduced in many plantations and research stations, and successful breeding programs in West Africa, notably in Ivory Coast, have resulted in more resistant oil palm material becoming available. The disease has not yet been detected in South East Asia (largest producer of palm oil) and rigorous quarantine measures have been imposed to prevent introduction of the pathogen into these highly productive areas.

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., M. H. Haniff. "Gas Exchange of Excised Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Fronds." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 5, no. 1 (December 15, 2005): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2006.9.13.

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Sulaiman, Shaharin Anwar, Nor Hazwani Mat Razali, Mohamad Nazmi Zaidi Bin Moni, and Muddasser Inayat. "Pre-treatment of oil palm fronds biomass for gasification." MATEC Web of Conferences 131 (2017): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201713103016.

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Atnaw, Samson Mekbib, Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman, and Suzana Yusup. "Syngas production from downdraft gasification of oil palm fronds." Energy 61 (November 2013): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.039.

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Danso, I., E. Larbi, E. Andoh-Menash, P. F. Ribeiro, I. K. Adjarko, and E. Agyarko-Mintah. "Nitrogen fertilizer management strategy for oil palm-maize intercropping system in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana." Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 55, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjas.v55i1.8.

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In an attempt to increase yield of maize in oil palm-maize intercropping system, farmers resort to indiscriminate cutting of fronds of palms leading to low yield of oil palm. This study evaluated the impact of different N fertilizer levels on maize varieties in oil palm-maize intercropping system. The economics of nitrogen application was also studied. The treatments were: T1-Sole oil palm, T2-Oil palm+‘Omankwa’, T3-Oil palm+‘Abelehi’ and T4-Oil palm+ ‘Obatanpa’. The crop associations were superimposed with nitrogen fertilizer levels as sub-treatments at N0- N0:P0:K0, N1-N60:P60:K60, and N2-N120:P60:K60 per ha. The experiment was a split plot design with 4 replications. There was no significant difference (p< 0.05) between maize varieties across seasons for both maize yield and aboveground biomass though ‘Omankwa’ was promising across seasons and more responsive to nitrogen application. Across the three maize varieties, N60P60K60 was significantly higher (p<0.05) by 40% and 17% for maize yield and aboveground biomass respectively as compared to N0:P0:K0. The study recommends N60P60P60 fertilizer level and further states that to improve fertilizer adoption, government should subsidize fertilizer cost for farmers to purchase. The outcome of cost benefit analysis revealed that return per cash invested favored cropping system with N60:P60:K60 and season with less water stress.

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Aunillah, F. R., E. Listyarini, S. Marwanto, D. Aksani, K. Zakiah, and R. D. Yustika. "Best management practices and its effect on soil properties in smallholder oil palm plantations, Jambi Province, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012050.

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Abstract The Best Management Practices (BMP) could improve oil palm production in smallholder plantations. This study aims to identify the effect of BMP and farmers’ practice (REF) on bulk density (BD), total N, available P, and organic C. The research was conducted in the smallholder oil palm plantations in Jambi Province, Indonesia. BMP applied pruned fronds stacks in inter-rows and within rows with fertilizer application above it except nitrogen fertilizer applied in the weeded circle. Besides, REF practice applied prune fronds stacks in inter-rows with all type of fertilizer application in the weeded circle. The result based on transect analysis showed that organic C, total N, and available P significantly higher near oil palm trees. In contrast, BD did not show a significantly different. Comparing BMP and REF practice revealed that BD, organic C, and total N did not differ significantly in all point observations. However, available P showed significantly different in point 2, 4, and 6. As this study was conducted in the second year of BMP treatment, the soil properties of BD, organic C, and total N were not influenced by BMP treatment. BMP study give land management information to improve soil properties that support oil palm production.

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Rahayu, Dwi Ermawati, Dutarama Nasarani, Wahyono Hadi, and Budisantoso Wrjodirjo. "Potential of biomass residues from oil palm agroindustry in Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 13008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819713008.

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Oil Palm agroindustry is growing rapidly in Southeast Asia especially Indonesia and Malaysia. Based on GAPKI data, Indonesia's CPO production 2017 is 38.17 million tons and PKO of 3.05 million tons. Production activities in palm oil agro-industry in addition to producing PKO and CPOl produce solid waste from the plantation and palm oil mill, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) from the palm oil mill. The biomass waste of oil palm agro-industry comes from activities in plantations in the form of midrib, leaves and palm tree trunks. While from the palm oil mill produced solid waste in the form of palm kernel shells (PKS), mesocarp fibers (MF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB). The waste is classified as biomass residue that can be utilized so that it has added value. Biomass potential in Indonesia can be estimated from the productivity of oil palm. The volume of biomass is 5,5-8%, empty bunches 20-23%, palm fronds 13.5-15%, 15% palm fiber from 1 ton of fresh fruit bunches. The total potential of oil palm solid waste biomass in Indonesia 2017 is 20.07 million tons and POME is 23.7 million tons. The largest distribution of biomass is in Riau, North Sumatra, South Sumatra province.

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Syamsudin, Muhammad, Muhammad Faisal Mahdie, and Noor Mirad Sari. "PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SERBUK KAYU KARET (Hevea brasiliensis) DAN SERBUK PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOPELET." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v5i1.5056.

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Rubber wood waste from sawmills is in the form of powder which is still rarely used and usually for burning, in the sawmill industry the total waste is 50.8% of the raw material processed. Post-pruning oil palm fronds waste is also not widely used, where each hectare of oil palm plantations can produce as much as 486 tons of dry fronds and 17.1 tons of dry palm leaves / year. Based on these wastes, it can be used as raw material for biopelets. The quality of the biopellets produced from rubber wood sawdust combined with palm frond powder based on American standards (PFI), has obtained the recommended formulation, namely the ratio of 75% rubber wood powder powder and 25% rubber wood frond powder (Treatment B). With a density of 0.4909 g / cm3, a moisture content of 5.5625%, 77.7000% of flying substances, 11.6924% of bound carbon, 1.8100% of ash, and a calorific value of 4.067.63 cal / gLimbah kayu karet dari penggergajian berupa serbuk yang masih jarang dimanfaatkan dan biasanya untuk di bakar, pada industri penggergajian total limbah sebesar 50,8% dari bahan baku yang diolah. Limbah pelepah kelapa sawit pasca pruning juga belum banyak dimanfaatkan, yang setiap hektarnya kebun sawit dapat menghasilkan sebanyak 486 ton pelepah kering dan 17,1 ton daun sawit kering/tahun. Berdasarkan dari limbah-limbah tersebut sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku biopelet. Kualitas biopelet yang dihasilkan dari serbuk kayu karet yang dipadukan serbuk pelepah kelapa sawit berdasarkan standar Amerika (PFI), telah diperoleh formulasi yang direkomendasikan yaitu pada perbandingan serbuk 75% serbuk kayu karet dan 25% serbuk pelepah kayu karet (Perlakuan B). Dengan kerapatan 0,4909 g/cm3, kadar air 5,5625 %, kadar zat terbang 77,7000%, karbon terikat 11,6924% kadar abu 1,8100%, dan nilai kalor 4.067,63 kal/g

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Sulaiman, S. A., and M. I. Anas. "Torrefaction of Oil Palm Fronds for Enhancement of Fuel Quality." Trends in Applied Sciences Research 7, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/tasr.2012.248.255.

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Maulina, S., and F. Silia. "Liquid smoke characteristics from the pyrolysis of oil palm fronds." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 309 (February 2018): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/309/1/012073.

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Zainuddin, Zarita, Wan Rosli Wan Daud, Ong Pauline, and Amran Shafie. "Wavelet neural networks applied to pulping of oil palm fronds." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 23 (December 2011): 10978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.080.

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Ramon, E., Z. Efendi, H. Kusnadi, S. Yuliasari, A. Ishak, and WA Wulandari. "Utilization of oil palm waste as animal feed for Bali cattle in Margomulyo Village, Central Bengkulu." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1041, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012057.

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Abstract Oil palm is the leading plantation commodities in Bengkulu province which is able to increase original local government revenue. Besides producing palm oil, this plant also produces solid waste, fronds, and leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of Bali cattle fed by oil palm waste. The research was conducted from August to November 2018 in Margo Mulyo village, Pondok Kubang subdistrict, Central Bengkulu regency, using 2 treatments (introduced and existing) with 13 replications. The composition of introduced feed is forage (70% field grass + 30% fermented fronds and palm leaves) + fermented solid as concentrate. Existing feed composition is field grass (forage) + rice bran (concentrate). Forage is given 10% and concentrate 1% of body weight. The parameters observed were body weight gain and Body Condition Score (BCS) and analyzed by T-test. The results showed a significant effect of treatment on body wight gain. The introduction treatment was able to produce body weight gain by 0.33 kg/head/day, while the existing treatment produce body weight gain of 0.17 kg/head/day only. BCS score of Bali cattle in both treatments not significantly different at the beginning was 2-3 and in the end 3-4, categorized in medium conditions.

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Atnaw, Samson Mekbib, Shaharin Anwar Sulaiman, and Suzana Yusup. "Influence of Fuel Moisture Content and Reactor Temperature on the Calorific Value of Syngas Resulted from Gasification of Oil Palm Fronds." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/121908.

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Biomass wastes produced from oil palm mills and plantations include empty fruit bunches (EFBs), shells, fibers, trunks, and oil palm fronds (OPF). EFBs and shells are partially utilized as boiler fuel while the rest of the biomass materials like OPF have not been utilized for energy generation. No previous study has been reported on gasification of oil palm fronds (OPF) biomass for the production of fuel gas. In this paper, the effect of moisture content of fuel and reactor temperature on downdraft gasification of OPF was experimentally investigated using a lab scale gasifier of capacity 50 kW. In addition, results obtained from equilibrium model of gasification that was developed for facilitating the prediction of syngas composition are compared with experimental data. Comparison of simulation results for predicting calorific value of syngas with the experimental results showed a satisfactory agreement with a mean error of 0.1 MJ/Nm3. For a biomass moisture content of 29%, the resulting calorific value for the syngas was found to be only 2.63 MJ/Nm3, as compared to nearly double (4.95 MJ/Nm3) for biomass moisture content of 22%. A calorific value as high as 5.57 MJ/Nm3was recorded for higher oxidation zone temperature values.

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Astuti, Tri, Syahro Ali Akbar, Fajri Basyirun, Fauzi Maulana, and Harissatria Harissatria. "The Effect of Using Crude Enzymes of Cattle Rumen Contents as Bioactivator on the content of Dry Matter, Organic Matter and Crude Protein Content of Palm oil Fronds." Bantara Journal of Animal Science 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32585/bjas.v4i2.2827.

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This research aims to evaluation the effect using of crude enzymes base on the rumen contents of cattle as bio activators with different doses and incubation length on the dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein content of palm oil fronds to be used as ruminants feed. The completely factorial randomized design with 3 replications for each treatment was used in this study. Factor A was the incubation length of the palm fronds, where A1 = 7 days, A2 = 14 days. Factor B dose of crude enzyme; B1 = 5%, B2 = 10%, B3 = 15%. Parameters observed were dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein. The results showed that there was no interaction effect (p>0.05) between incubation length and different doses of crude enzymes on dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein content of palm fronds. The highest dry matter content was 93.89%, the highest organic matter was 89.22% and the highest crude protein content was 11.04%. The best results in this study were at a dose of 10% treatment with an incubation period of 7 days.

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Azuan, N. H., S. Khairunniza-Bejo, A. F. Abdullah, M. S. M. Kassim, and D. Ahmad. "Analysis of Changes in Oil Palm Canopy Architecture From Basal Stem Rot Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner." Plant Disease 103, no. 12 (December 2019): 3218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-18-1721-re.

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Basal stem rot (BSR), caused by the Ganoderma fungus, is an infectious disease that affects oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations. BSR leads to a significant economic loss and reductions in yields of up to Malaysian Ringgit (RM) 1.5 billion (US$400 million) yearly. By 2020, the disease may affect ∼1.7 million tonnes of fresh fruit bunches. The plants appear symptomless in the early stages of infection, although most plants die after they are infected. Thus, early, accurate, and nondestructive disease detection is crucial to control the impact of the disease on yields. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is an active remote-sensing, noncontact, cost-effective, precise, and user-friendly method. Through high-resolution scanning of a tree’s dimension and morphology, TLS offers an accurate indicator for health and development. This study proposes an efficient image processing technique using point clouds obtained from TLS ground input data. A total of 40 samples (10 samples for each severity level) of oil palm trees were collected from 9-year-old trees using a ground-based laser scanner. Each tree was scanned four times at a distance of 1.5 m. The recorded laser scans were synched and merged to create a cluster of point clouds. An overhead two-dimensional image of the oil palm tree canopy was used to analyze three canopy architectures in terms of the number of pixels inside the crown (crown pixel), the degree of angle between fronds (frond angle), and the number of fronds (frond number). The results show that the crown pixel, frond angle, and frond number are significantly related and that the BSR severity levels are highly correlated (R2 = 0.76, P < 0.0001; R2 = 0.96, P < 0.0001; and R2 = 0.97, P < 0.0001, respectively). Analysis of variance followed post hoc tests by Student–Newman–Keuls (Newman–Keuls) and Dunnett for frond number presented the best results and showed that all levels were significantly different at a 5% significance level. Therefore, the earliest stage that a Ganoderma infection could be detected was mildly infected (T1). For frond angle, all post hoc tests showed consistent results, and all levels were significantly separated except for T0 and T1. By using the crown pixel parameter, healthy trees (T0) were separated from unhealthy trees (moderate infection [T2] and severe infection [T3]), although there was still some overlap with T1. Thus, Ganoderma infection could be detected as early as the T2 level by using the crown pixel and the frond angle parameters. It is hard to differentiate between T0 and T1, because during mild infection, the symptoms are highly similar. Meanwhile, T2 and T3 were placed in the same group, because they showed the same trend. This study demonstrates that the TLS is useful for detecting low-level infection as early as T1 (mild severity). TLS proved beneficial in managing oil palm plantation disease.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil palm fronds'

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